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 gcn, takvaya erimek ve ihsan
uuruyla hareket etmekle elde edebi-
lecei anlalmaktadr. Takva mll ve
umum anlamyla, eriat prensiplerini kemal-i
hassasiyetle grp gzetmeden, eriat- ftriye
kanunlarna riayete; Cehennemi netice veren
davranlardan kanmaktan, Cenneti semere ve-
recek hareketlere; srrn, hafsini, ahfsn irkten,
irki imam eden eylerden koruyup kollamaktan,
dnce ve hayat tarznda bakalarna teebbhten
saknmaya kadar geni bir ereve izer.3 hsan ise
hak llerine gre iyi dnme, iyi eyler planlama,
iyi ilere mukayyet kalma ve kullukla alkal btn
davranlarn, Allahn nazarna arz edilmesi uuruy-
la, fevkalde bir titizlik iinde temsil edilmesinden
ibaret kalb bir ameldir. Fakat herkesin bu anlamda
takvaya muvaffak olmas ve ihsan uuruyla yaama-
s kolay olmadndan birok yet ve hadste hair,
mizan, hesap, Cennet, Cehennem gibi ahiret hlleri
mahhas anlatmlarla, terip ve terhip dengesi
ierisinde geni biimde ilenerek uhrev meyyide-
ler hatrlatlm ve kiinin bu dnyadaki davranla-
rndan mutlaka hesaba ekilecei fikrini canl tutma-
s istenmitir. te konumuz olan ve rekik ierisinde
ilk sralarda bulunan rbta-i mevt de burada yer
almaktadr.
Rbta-i mevt
Bata tasavvuf ehli olmak zere insan-i kmil
olma yolunda mesafe almak isteyen hak dostla-
r temelde iki metot uygulamaktadrlar: zikir ve
rbta-i mevt
Rbta kelime olarak iki eyi birbirine balayan ip,
ba, mnasebet, ilgi ve mensubiyet gibi mnlara ge-
lir. Verilen kelime tarifine gre rbta-i mevt, lmle
mnasebete gemek ve ba kurmak demektir. So-
yut bir keyfiyete sahip lmle ba kurmak, ancak
onu dnmek, deta onunla btnlemekle mm-
kn olabilir. Onun iin rbta-i mevte, tefekkr-
mevt ya da tezekkr- mevt de denilmitir. Nite-
kim Efendimiz (sas) de, lm kastederek Lezzetleri
yakp ykan yani aclatran oka zikrediniz.4 buyura-
rak her mminin lmle sk sk bu mnasebeti kur-
masn emretmitir.
Bir stlah olarak rbta-i mevt tabiri, lm s-
rekli hatrda tutmay, bir aya br leme atma- kendi kendine soruyorum: Ben neredeyim? Yine
sna telerle irtibat hlinde bulunmay, bu dnyann
bir misafirhane olduunu dnerek ebed saadeti
kazanma gayretiyle yaamay ve tl-i emelden kur-
tularak byk bir alka ile ahiretin yamalarna y-
nelmeyi ifade etmektedir. Bu anlamda u hads-i
erfi zikredebiliriz: Abdullah b. Mesud (ra) anla-
tyor: Efendimiz (sas), Allahtan hakkyla hay edin
buyurunca, Ey Allahn Resul, Allaha hamd olsun biz
Allahtan hay ediyoruz, (ettiimizi d-
nyoruz) dedik. O hayr, zannettiiniz
gibi deil buyurdu ve unlar ekledi: Allahtan
hakkyla hay etmek, senin ba ve bata bulunan-
lar (dil, gz, kulak, beyin vs.), karn ve ilgili olanlar
(yenilen-iilen eylerle birlikte her trl arzu, ehvet vs.)
koruman; lm ve kabirde bedenin ryp dalmas
dhil, lm sonrasn dnmendir. Ahiret saadetini iste-
yen dnyann geici gzellik ve lezzetlerini de terk eder. te
kim byle yaparsa Allahtan hakkyla hay etmi olur.5
Kurn- Kerm de hemen her mnasebetle l-
m ve lm tesini hatrlatmakta; Her nefis lm
tadcdr. (l-i mrn, 3/185); Senden nce hibir
insana dnyada ebed hayat nasip etmedik. Sanki
sen lsen, onlar ebed mi kalacaklar! Hayr, her nefis
bilerek veya bilmeyerek lm tadp-durmaktadr.
Biz, sizi bazen erle, bazen de hayrla imtihan ederiz.
Sonunda Bizim huzurumuza getirilirsiniz. (Enbiy,
21/34); Yeryznde bulunan her varlk fnidir.
(Rahmn, 55/26). Hi phe yok ki sen de lecek-
sin, onlar da lecekler. Sonra da byk durumann
olaca kyamet gnnde Rabbinizin huzurunda
birbirinizle davalaacaksnz. (Zmer, 39/30) gibi
yet-i kermelerle dnyann geiciliini, byk bir
mahkemenin insanlar beklediini ve ahiret hayat-
nn ebed oluunu vurgulamaktadr.
Rbta-i mevtin gayesi ve yapl keyfiyeti
Rbta-i mevtin gayesi zetle; kalbi yumuatmak,
kalbdeki sevgiyi geici dnya nimetlerine deil bki
olan Allaha ve Onun raz olduu eylere evirerek
nefsin ibret almasn temin etmek, tl-i emeli kr-
mak, gafleti datmak, tevehhm-i ebediyete engel
olmak, ihls kazanmak ve tevbenin srekliliini sa-
lamaktr.
Zikredilen gayelerle mracaat edilen rbta-i
mevt zellikle tasavvuf ehli tarafndan u ekilde
yaplmaktadr: Mride yapt rbtay bitirdikten
sonra mrid yle dnr: Sanki bana ar bir has-
talk kt, duyan geldi, eve insan yld. Kimi bana
okuyor, kimi il yapyor, kimi de alyor. Ben ise can
ekiiyorum, birden canm kt. Cenaze ykayanlar
gelip beni soydular, ykadlar, kefene sardlar, tabuta
koydular musallaya getirip cenaze namazm kldlar
ve beni kabre koydular. Ben ise kabirde yalnzm ve
kendim cevap veriyorum: Mezardaym. Mezarda
olan ise dnyaya dnemez
Grld gibi tasavvuf ehli rbta-i mevt sra-
snda kendilerini lm tasavvur ve tahayyl etmi;
ykanyor ve kabre konuyor olduklarn farz etmi;
dne dne, nefs-i emmrenin o tahayyl ve ta-
savvurdan etkileneceine ve uzun emellerinden bir
derece vazgeeceine inanm ve rbta-i mevti bu
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 Baz limler, Mushaf hattnn yerde23   eklinde ayrk yazlmtr.
tevkf olduunu, nk 7- Mushaflar arasndaki yazm farkllklar:
Yukarda belirtilen ortak zelliklerden baka bir de
Peygamberimizin gzetiminde Mushaflar arasnda grlen az saydaki yazm fark-
bu ekilde yazldn ve byle llklar sz konusudur:
Bilindii gibi Kurn, Hz. Osman zamann-
yazlmasnn da eitli hikmetlere da birka nsha (7-8); istinsah edilmi ve bunlar
dayandn; en azndan bu belirli merkezlere gnderilmitir. stinsah edilen
Mushaflar, Peygamberimize dayandrlan eitli
konuda ashbn icmann
kraatleri ihtiva etmesi iin harekesiz ve noktasz
bulunduunu, bu bakmdan buna yazlmtr. Bu nshalarda Kurey lehesi esas aln-
uymann lzumlu olduunu ifade makla birlikte, Mslmanlar arasnda yaygn olan
ve daha sonra mtevtir kraatler bnyesinde yaa-
etmilerdir. yacak olan vecihler de muhafaza edilmitir. Nokta
ve hareke bulunmayan bir yaz ile istinsah edilen
hlde yazlmtr. (Hazif ve ziyade bal altnda
bu Mushaflara, bir vech ile okunan kelimeler, ns-
incelenen hususlar halen Bat dillerinde de vardr; halarn hepsinde ayn yazlm; az sayda bulunan,
nitekim baz harfler yazld hlde okunmaz, buna iki veya daha fazla vechi ihtiva eden kelimeler, (ha-
mukabil telffuzda bulunduu hlde yazda bulun- reke ve nokta konulmadna gre) ayn iml ile
maz). yazlnca hepsini iine alabiliyorsa, onlar da yine
3- Hemze: Hemze baz yetlerde farkl yazl- btn Mushaflara bir iml ile yazlmtr.
mtr:    kelimesinin    eklinde vavsz,   Mesel (   ) kelimesinde24 iki kraat vardr.
 
kelimesinin ise y harfi olmadan   eklinde19 ya- Birisi fnn meddi ile dieri de medsiz kraatdr25.
 )  yazl-
zlmas buna rnektir. Bu kelime btn nshalarda elifsiz (
4- Bedel (veya ibdl): Baz harflerin baka mtr. Buna gre elifsiz yazl bir kraati, fdan
bir harfe dntrlerek yazlmas. Mesel    sonra bir elif takdri ile okuyu da dierini ihtiva
kelimesi20 tenvinden bedel elif ile yazlmtr. Ayn etmi olur.
ekilde
    lfzndaki nnun asl tenvin olduu Ayn ekilde Arf sresi 169. yetin sonun-
hlde bu ekilde yazlmtr. Buna karlk     
da yer alan (  
     )lfz, altta ve stte iki nokta
kelimesindeki tenvinin asl tekid nnu ()  oldu- olmadan (  
)  
  - 
yazlarak, (  
 )
 eklinde 
u hlde Mushaflarda bu ekilde yazlmtr. Keza eklindeki iki kraati da kapsamtr. 26

   
  
  gibi baz kelimeler -muzaf ol-

 Buna karlk ok az sayda bulunan baz
madklar yerlerde- elif ile deil elifden bedel vav
lfzlarda bunu salamak mmkn olmad iin
ile yazlmtr (Muzaf olduklar yerlerde ise -Tevbe
bunlar, ayr ayr nshalarda gsterilmitir. Mesel
9/103 ve Hd 11/87 hri- elif ile yazlmlardr:
  Bakara Sresinin 132. yetindeki (  )
 
  
   
  
    ).  kelimesi
         Baz ke- dier baz kraatlerde, iki vav arasna bir elif ilave-
limelerde bulunan mennes tlar da baz yerlerde si ile (  ) eklindedir27. Kez Tevbe 100. yette
ak, baz yerlerde kapal yazlmtr: Mesel    yer alan ( 
   

 

    
kelimeleri byledir.         ) ,
 28lfz bir kraatte (
 )
 
ilvesiyle (  
 ) eklindedir . Bunun gibi bir ka
5- Vasl: Baz harf ve edatlarn bitiik yazlmas yerde grlen farkllklar ise, ayr ayr Mushaflarda
demektir. Mesel an-m edatlar (Arf 7/166:    gsterilmek sretiyle muhafaza edilmitir29. Bunun
      
 hri) btn Kurnda  eklinde da pek ok anlam zenginlii vardr. Kraat farkllk-
vasledilerek yazlmtr. Ayn ekilde in-m (Rad larnn tefsir ve hkm istinbatnda nemli bir yeri
13/40:        hri)  eklinde bitiik yazlm- vardr. Bu ise semavi bir zenginliktir.
tr. Keza en-l lfz baz yetlerde21 ayrk olarak Burada iaret edilmesi gereken dier bir husus
  eklinde yazld hlde, genellikle  eklinde da udur: Resm-i Osmniye uygunluk vciptir.
bitiik olarak yazlmtr. Fakat bu uygunluktan maksat, Hz. Osman tara-
6- Fasl: Baz harf ve edatlarn ayrk yazlmas fndan yazdrlan Mushaflardan herhangi birisinin
demektir. Mesel f-m baz yerlerde22  ek- resm-i hattna uygunluktur. Bu uygunluk, tahkk
linde ayrk yazlmtr. Ayn ekilde enne-m muvafakat ile takdr muvafakat diye iki ksma ayr-
genellikle bitiik (   eklinde) resmedilmiken iki lr. Mesel el-Muknide zikredildii zere meshif-i
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<(1h07'(5*6 | 49

ekil-1: Meninin atlmasn salayan sempatik sinir sistemi
Erkekte meninin atlmas
Erkekte meninin atlmas refleks sinirleri vas-
tasyla olur. Erkekte ve diide reme organlarn
uyarma grevini yapan sempatik refleks merkezinde
bulunan (T1-L2) segmantal sinirlerdir. En youn
lifler, srt kemikleri ile gs kemikleri arasndaki
(T10-L1) deliklerden kar.
Erkekte cinsel heyecann doruunda, beyin ve
cinsel organlardan gelen sinir uyarlar, omuriliin
arka boynuzuna oradan da sempatik refleks merke-
zine (T1-L2) iletilir. Refleks merkezinde deerlen-
dirildikten sonra, buradan kan sinir uyarlar, post
ganglionik sinir lifleri vastasyla pleksus hypogastri-
cus inferiora (youn sinir a) kadar gelir. Bu refleks
uyarlaryla erkek reme organlarnda atmdan nce
srm balar. Meniyi oluturacak svlar, birinci
depodan (vazo defferens), ikinci depodan (vesicula
seminularis) ve prostattan alnarak kaslarn kasl-
masyla ilerler ve retra arkasndaki depoda birikir.
Buradaki basnc arttran bu birikme, tekrar refleks
merkezine bildirilir. retrann atm blgesinde s-
kan sv, sempatik refleks merkezinden gelen (T1-
L2) ani emirle kaslmaya balayan buradaki kaslarn
(m.bulbospongiosus) ritmik hareketleriyle dar
atlr.
Neticede meninin srm ve atm, erkein cinsel
faaliyetinin doruk noktasnda iken gerekleir. Cin-
sel uyarlarn younlamas sonucu, omurilikteki
50 | YENI MIT DERGISI
refleks merkezlerinden sempatik uyarlar domaya
balar. ounluu T10-L1 dzeyinde omurilikten
kan uyarlar, genital organlara ular ve srm
balatr, atm (3-5 mililitre meni) haber verir.
Yumurtann atlmas
Kadnlarda yumurtann olgunlamasna hormon-
lar (FSH, LH, PROGESTERON, OSTROJEN)
vesile olur. Yumurtann hamileliin gerekleecei
blgeye atlmas ise, genellikle det dneminin bi-
timinin 11-16. gnleri arasnda olur. Yumartalklar,
uterusu, dl yata kaslarn uyaran refleks sempatik
sinirler, T10-L1 segmentlerinden gelir. Yumurtlama
(ovulasyon) meydana gelmeden nce, srt ve gs
kemikleri arasndaki refleks merkezinin uyarmasy-
la rahimde ve tplerde kaslmalar balar, bu durum
patlamaya hazr yumurtaln hareketine sebep olur.
Sonuta LH hormonunun da tesiriyle yumurta,
1-1.5 mililitre svyla birlikte atlr. Kaslan tplerin
ucundaki saaklar, yumurtay tp iine alarak karn
boluuna dmesine mni olur. Yumurtlamadan
nce balayan rahim, tp ve perine kaslmalar yu-
murta atldktan sonra da devam eder. Bu kaslmalar,
fallop tp yoluyla yumurtann rahme doru itil-
mesine ve spermin yumurtayla bulumasna vesile
olur.
ekil-2: Yumurtann suyu ile birlikte atlmas
Erkekte ve kadnda eitli kazalar sebebiyle, omu-
rilik tahribatnn seviyesine gre refleks kayplar
grlr. Omurilik hasar, altnc srt kemii (T6)
seviyesinde ve daha yukardaysa karn reflekslerinin
tamam kaybolur. Onuncu srt kemii (T10) seviye-
sinde veya altndaysa alt ve orta karn refleksler elde
edilir. Onikinci srt kemii (T12) altndaki hasarlar-
da da refleks kayb olmaz. Bu demektir ki srt ke-
mikleri ile gs kemiklerinin bittii yerden sonra
uyarc reflekslerin merkezi yoktur. Kurn- Kerim
srt ve gs kemikleri derken refleks anatomisinin
bittii yeri de iaret etmektedir. Buras ayn zamanda
omuriliin sonland yerdir.
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Bir aa deyip yaptn hafife alma,
Tek bir ekirdekten var olmutu kevn mekan;
Yaptn kk grp de yolunda kalma.
Kim bilir neler ltfeder o sahibi ihsan..!

98
YAYSAT NO:2012/4

FYATI: 7.00 TL