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MĐ 27 - H¢n ống cng nghệ cao (165 tiết - 79 trang)
MĐ 27 - H¢n ống cng nghệ cao (165 tiết - 79 trang)
GIO TRNH
Tn m un: Hn ng cng ngh cao
NGH: HN
TRNH : CAO NG NGH
H Ni, nm 2013
1
TUYN B BN QUYN
Ti liu ny thuc loi sch gio trnh nn cc ngun thng tin c th
c php dng nguyn bn hoc trch dng cho cc mc ch v o to v
tham kho.
Mi mc ch khc mang tnh lch lc hoc s dng vi mc ch kinh
doanh thiu lnh mnh s b nghim cm.
LI GII THIU
Trong nhng nm qua, dy ngh c nhng bc tin vt bc c v s
lng v cht lng, nhm thc hin nhim v o to ngun nhn lc k thut
p ng nhu cu x hi. Cng vi s pht trin ca khoa hc cng ngh trn th
gii, lnh vc c kh ch to ni chung v ngnh Hn Vit Nam ni ring c
nhng bc pht trin ng k. Chng trnh khung quc gia ngh hn c
xy dng trn c s phn tch ngh, phn cc mn hc chuyn mn ngh c
kt cu thnh mun. to iu kin thun li cho cc c s dy ngh trong
qu trnh thc hin, vic ging dy mun o to ngh mang tnh thng nht
trong h thng dy ngh quc gia v ni dung chng trnh kin thc, k nng
cn trang b cho ngi hc.
M un 27: Hn ng cng ngh cao l m un o to ngh c bin
son theo hnh thc tch hp l thuyt v thc hnh. Trong qu trnh thc hin,
nhm bin son tham kho nhiu ti liu cng ngh hn trong nc, cc ng
nghip v ngoi nc,ng thi kt hp vi kinh nghim trong thc t sn xut.
Mc d c nhiu c gng, nhng khng trnh khi nhng khim khuyt,
rt mong nhn c s ng gp kin ca c gi gio trnh c hon
thin hn.
Xin chn thnh cm n!
H Ni, ngy thng nm
2013
Ch bin: Nguyn Vn Hoa
2
MC LC
TRANG
Li gii thiu 1
Bi 1: Hn ng v tr 2G (TIG + SMAW) 4
Bi 2: Hn ng v tr 5G (TIG + SMAW) 36
Bi 3: Hn ng v tr 6G (TIG + SMAW) 52
2 Hn ng 5G (TIG + SMAW) 45 1 43 1
3 Hn ng 6G (TIG + SMAW) 96 1 94 1
Hnh 1.1. V tr hn 2G
Mc tiu:
- Trnh by c k thut khi hn cc loi ng chu p lc cao, ng chu
nhit, chu n mn ho cht v tr 2G;
- Nu c mt s khi nim c bn v ng, cng ngh hn p dng khi hn
cc loi ng;
- Chun b dng c, thit b hn y , m bo yu cu v an ton.
- Chun b mp hn ng kch thc lm sch cc vt du m, vt bn, lp -
xy ho;
- G phi hn chc chn ng v tr;
- Chn ch hn: Ih, Uh, ng knh vt liu hn, ng knh in cc, lu
lng kh, loi kh bo v;
- Hn ni cc loi ng dn du, dn kh, ng chu p lc cao, ng chu nhit,
ng chu n mn ho cht v tr 2G bng cng ngh hn (TIG + SMAW) t
yu cu.
- Tun th quy trnh, c thc c lp trong luyn tp.
Ni dung:
5
1. Mt s khi nim c bn
Mc tiu :
- Trnh by c mt s khi nim c bn, cc kch thc danh ngha v
ng, cc mc thp thng s dng ch to ng ;
- Trnh by mt s khi nim nh : Hn SMAW, Hn TIG, Hn ng
(SMAW + SMAW), Hn ng (TIG + SMAW).
Ngy nay trong h thng sn xut ch to, cc ngnh cng nghip v
h thng ng ng dn du hoc kh c s dng nhiu trn cc vng lnh
th rng ln ch yu c lp ghp bng hn, cc lin kt ren ch cn c dng
rt hn ch. Vic hn ng ch yu lin quan n cc mi hn v s iu tit ca
cc quy phm tiu chun c lin quan nh tiu chun ca M Asme v boler &
pressuare vesseel code ( Tiu chun v ni hi & bn p lc ), astm (American
Society for testing and Materials).api ( American petrolium institute : vin xng
du m ) c api 1104 welding of pepinlines and related fecilities ( tiu chun
hn ng ng v cc ph kin ng ng ).
1.1. ng
ng dng chuyn ti cht thng vn t ni ny sang ni khc. Cht
lng ng c phn loi da trn danh mc ca ng (schedule). Sich l tiu
chun nh gi v trng lng (weight) v dy (thickness) ca ng.
1.2. Kch thc danh ngha ca ng
Bng 1.1. Kch thc danh ngha ca cc loi ng
1/8 6 mm 1 25 mm
8 mm 1 32 mm
3/8 10 mm 1 40 mm
15 mm 2 50 mm
20 mm 2 65 mm
Cc loi thp theo tiu chun astm (American Society for testing and
Material-hip hi kim tra v vt liu hoa k) thng thng c bt u bng
ch a, pha sau ch a l 1 cm ch s v ch ci dng ch cp , thuc tnh
c hc v thnh phn ho hc ca mi loi thp. tm hiu chi tit v mi loi
thp, ta phi s dng cc ti liu ca astm tra cu.
Bng 1.2. Lit k cc mc thp thng c s dng ch to ng theo tiu
chun astm
K hiu theo
STT M t c im
astm
1 A27 Thp cacbon c.
2 A36 Thp cac bon kt cu.
6
K hiu theo
STT M t c im
astm
3 A53 Thp cacbon ch to ng.
4 A105 Thp cn dng ch to cc loi ng.
5 A106 Thp cacbon ch to ng.
6 A131 Thp kt cu s dng cho ngnh tu bin.
7 A134 Thp cacbon ch to ng.
8 A135 Thp cacbon ch to ng.
9 A139 Thp cacbon ch to ng.
1.4. Hn SMAW ( Shielded Metal Arc Welding)
L hn h quang tay que hn thuc bc, y l nhm cc quy trnh hn
trong nhit cn thit nng chy c cung cp t h quang in cc nng
chy v kim loi nn.in cc nng chy trong h quang s cung cp kim loi
cho mi hn.
1.5. Hn TIG ( Gas Tungsten arc Welding)
Hn h quang in cc vonfram khng nng chy trong mi trng kh
tr bo v. l qu trnh trong ngun nhit l h quang c to thnh gia
in cc khng nng chy v kim loi c bn , h quang v vng kim loi c
bo v bi khng kh xung quanh ( xy , ni t ) bng lp kh tr bo v nh kh
argon , h li . kim loi in y nu cn thit c a vo h quang t bn
ngoi dng dy trn .
1.6. Hn ng ( SMAW + SMAW)
Hn ng bng cng ngh h quang tay
1.7. Hn ng ( TIG + SMAW )
Hn ng bng cng ngh hn TIG v cng ngh hn h quang tay. Trong
hn lp lt bng hn TIG, hn lp in y v lp hon thin bng h quang
tay.
2. Vt liu hn TIG
Mc tiu:
- Trnh by c thnh phn tnh cht, cng dng v phn loi cc loi kh
dng trong hn ng;
- Trnh by c thnh phn tnh cht, cng dng v phn loi cc loi in
cc vonfram dng trong hn ng;
- Trnh by c thnh phn, tnh cht ca que hn ph;
- Trnh by c tiu chun mt s loi que hn thuc bc, thnh phn, tnh
nng, cng dng, phn loi v cch chn que hn;
- Tun th quy trnh, c thc c lp trong luyn tp.
2.1. Kh tr (thnh phn, tnh cht ca kh tr)
7
Kh tr l loi kh khng tc dng vi cc phn ng ha hc, hu nh
khng ha tan trong kim loi. Kh Argon v kh heli cng hn hp ca chng
thng dng trong cng ngh hn TIG.
2.1.1. Kh Argn (Ar)
L loi kh tr khng mu, khng mi, khng chy v khng n. Si
nhit 185,50C di p sut bnh thng. Kh Ar nng hn khng kh 1,4 ln.
Nh nng hn nn bo v tt vng kim loi nng chy khi hn.
Theo tiu chun cc nc SNG, kh Ar tinh khit c th chia lm 3 loi A,
B, C m <0,03%g/m3.
Bng 1.3. Thnh phn kh Ar theo % khi lng
Lng A B C
Ar 99.99 99.96 99.90
O2 0.003 0.005 0.005
N2 0.01 0.04 0.01
Loi A dng hn, luyn kim cc kim loi hot tnh v him nh Titan,
Niobi cng cc hp kim ca chng.
Loi B dng hn, luyn kim cc kim loi nh Nhm, Magi s dng
hn in cc nng chy v khng nng chy.
Loi C dng hn, luyn kim v hp kim Crm, Niken, thp hp kim v
Nhm.
Kh Ar c bo qun v vn chuyn trong cc bnh kn. Bnh c quy
nh sn en phn di v sn trng phn trn. Phn trn bnh in ch Argn
sch.
2.1.2. Kh Heli (He).
Kh He l loi kh tr khng mu, khng mi, nh hn khng kh, ch
bng 0.14 ln so vi khng kh. Do vy vic bo v kim loi mi hn kh khn
hn kh Ar. i hi lng kh tiu hao ln hn so vi kh Ar 23 ln. He li c
tnh dn nhit cao hn so vi Ar v sn sinh ra h quang Plasma. H quang hn
c bo v bi kh He thng to ra mi hn rng, su, c dng parabn. Cn
h quang to bi kh Ar c dng ngn tay. Kh He c kh nng ion ha cao hn
kh Ar do in p h quang cao hn, kh He c chia thnh 2 loi: Kh He
c sch cao v kh He k thut. Kh He c bo qun trong nhng bnh kn,
bnh cha kh He c quy nh sn mu nu v in ch Heli mu trng.
2.1.3. Cc hn hp kh tr.
Cc hn hp kh tr bao gm kh (Ar+He) c trng lng ln hn kh He
nn n bo v vng hn tt hn kh He. c bit hn hp cha 70%Ar+30%He,
c dng hn cc kim loi hot tnh.
S trn hn hp kh Ar v He c ngha thc tin rt ln. N cho php
kim sot cht ch nng lng hn cng nh hnh dng tit din ca mi hn.
Khi hn cc chi tit dy hoc tn nhit nhanh, s trn He vo Ar s ci thin
ng k qu trnh hn.
n g kn h m i
n g kn h in c c
Dng DCEN
ng knh ng knh
Gc mi, Dng khng
in cc, mm mi, mm Dng xung, A
i, A
1.0 0.125 12 2-15 2-25
1.0 0.125 20 5-30 5-60
1.0 0.5 25 8-50 8-100
2.4 0.8 30 10-70 10-140
2.4 0.8 35 12-90 12-180
3.2 1.1 60 20-200 20-300
3.2 1.5 90 25-250 25-350
Cch mi: u tin mi th u in cc trn mi 2 , sau mi tinh
bng my mi a bc giy nhm c 120. Khi hn thp, hp kim Titan, thp
khng r mi nhn u in cc. Khi hn nhm v hp kim nhm mi u in
cc hi t.
Khi hn thp cn u in cc nhn tp trung nhit tt hn v iu
khin qu trnh hn d hn. Nhit khi hn nhm cn c phn b u v dng
AC c th hn nng chy.
Dng DC phn cc o t c dng trong hn TIG do Vonfram c th
nng chy trc kim loi nn, ch p dng khi hn tm mng. u in cc ny
phn phi nhit rng hn v kh b nng chy hn.
Khi hn nhm khng nn mi trn u in cc ch cn mi gc nn hi
ln l , u in cc s t bo trn khong 2-3 giy sau khi mi h quang.
Khi mi u in cc khng c mi theo chiu ngang m pho mi theo
chiu dc m bo h quang n nh.
Lp v iu chnh in cc ta ni lng vng kp cui m hn tho
in cc. iu ny cho php y in cc ti lui trong vng kp.
2.3. Que hn TIG
Bng 1.7. K hiu que hn, dy hn theo AWS
ER Dy hn rn hoc que hn dng trong mi trng kh bo
v
70, 80, 110, 120 bn ko mi hn (KSI)
S Dy hn rn
T Dy thuc
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Loi kh bo v; 1: Kh tr; 27 c th dng CO2
G, D1. Thnh phn ha hc ca kim loi hn.
3. Vt liu hn SMAW
Mc tiu:
12
- Trnh by c tiu chun v phng php k hiu cc loi que hn theo
tiu chun;
- Trnh by c tnh nng ca qua hn v cch ch que hn.
3.1. Mt s tiu chun v phng php k hiu que hn
Nhu cu v mt h thng tiu chun v phng php k hiu dy hn, que
hn ang tr thnh bc xc trong bi cnh hin nay khi m cc mi quan h hp
tc kinh t, khoa hc trao i cng ngh v thng mi gia cc nc ngy cng
pht trin. T chc Quc t ISO (International Standardization Organization)
c thnh lp nhm tp hp cc c quan tiu chun ca cc nc xc lp
cc tiu chun chung v mi mt, trong c vt liu hn. Tuy nhin cc tiu
chun v dy hn ISO a ra cha c tnh cht php l i vi cc nc, ch
cc nc tham kho bin son cc tiu ch mi hoc sa i b sung cc tiu
chun c. Cc nc Chu u thnh lp t chc tiu chun Chu u (CEN) l
thnh vin ca ISO. Tiu chun ca Anh (BS), ca c (DIN), ca Nga
(GOST), Thi Lan (TIS). Tiu chun ca hip hi hn Hoa K AWS khc bit
rt ln so vi tiu chun ISO. Mc d vy cc tiu chun ca M li rt ph bin
trn th gii trong c Vit Nam. gii m c k hiu cc loi que hn,
dy hn ang thnh hnh Vit Nam cn hiu c 1 s tiu chun ca que hn,
dy hn ca Vit Nam (TCVN), ISO v AWS.
3.1.1. K hiu que hn theo tiu chun Vit Nam
a. Que hn thp C v hp kim thp TCVN 3734-89
Cu trc chung ca k hiu que hn:
N 2 ch s 1 ch s 1 ch ci in hoa
Que hn ni Ch s gii hn Ch loi dng in v Ch h v bc ca
bn ko cc tnh ca dng 1 que hn.
Kg/mm2(Min) chiu (A, B, R)
6- Que hn ch hn
bng dng 1 chiu ni
nghch (DC+)
V d: N50-6B ngha l: Que hn dng hn thp C v hp kim thp,
v thuc Baz, thch hp hn dng 1 chiu ni nghch. Kim loi mi hn c gii
hn bn ko ti thiu 50Kg/mm2 (hay 490MPa).
C tnh ca kim loi mi hn theo TCVN 3223-89.
Bng 1.8. C tnh que hn theo tiu chun Vit Nam
Cc ch tiu v c tnh
Loi Gii hn bn gin di Gc un
va p ak
que hn ko b tng i
N/mm2 Kg/mm2 2
MJ/m Kgm/cm 2
%
N42 410 42 0.8 8 18 150
N46 450 46 0.8 8 18 150
13
Cc ch tiu v c tnh
Loi Gii hn bn gin di Gc un
va p ak
que hn ko b tng i
2 2 2 2
N/mm Kg/mm MJ/m Kgm/cm %
N50 490 50 0.7 7 16 120
N42-6B 410 42 1.5 15 22 180
N46-6B 450 46 1.4 14 22 180
N50-6B 490 50 1.3 13 20 150
N55-6B 540 55 1.2 12 20 150
N60-6B 590 60 1.0 10 18 120
b. Que hn thp hp kim c bn cao
Cu trc chung ca k hiu que hn:
HC XX CrXX MnXX WXX . XXX -X
Que hn Gii hn bn
K hiu cc nguyn t hp Nhit l Nhm
thp hp ko (Min) kim vi hm lng tng vic n v
kim cao. Kg/mm2 ng tnh theo %. Nu khng nh ca thuc
c ch s th hm lng l mi hn bc.
1%. OC.
V d: Hc60Cr18VWMo-B c ngha: Que hn hp kim bn cao, c gii
hn bn ko ti thiu 60kg/mm2 hay 590MPa v thnh phn ho hc: 18%Cr,
1%V, 1%W, 1%Mo, v thuc bc Baz.
3.1.2. K hiu que hn theo tiu chun ISO.
a. Que hn thp C v thp hp kim thp ISO 2560
Cu trc k hiu gm 8 loi thng tin khc nhau trong 4 loi phn u l bt buc
cn 4 loi phn cui ch cung cp thm thng tin (nu c ch khng bt buc).
Ch ci 2 ch s 1 ch s 12ch 3 ch s 1 ch s Ch ci
E ci A, AR H
E 70 1 8
Que hn h bn ko Ch s V tr mi hn. Ch loi thuc
quang tay ca kim loi 1 mi v tr . bc que hn,
mi hn, 2 Bng v ngang. loi dng in,
4 mi v tr hn ng cc tnh v h
trn xung. s p KC.
b. Dng c
Mt n hn
Gng tay
Tp d da
c. Vt liu
Thp ng ( 48 150 mm)
Que hn ER 70 S 6; 2.4 mm
Kh bo v Ar ( Ar gon)
4.1.3. Hn lp lt
a. Ch hn
Lu lng kh bo v: 7lt/pht .
22
ng que hn: 2.4 .
ng knh in cc: 2.4 .
Dng in: Ih = 85105 A
b. Gc ca m hn v que hn ph
Hn ng 2G kh thc hin hn hn ng 1G v mi hn hnh thnh trn mt
phng ng, kim loi lng do trng lng d chy xung.
Gc que hn ph so vi phng thng ng 1 gc l 900 (hnh 1)
Gc m hn so vi phng thng ng l 900 (hnh 2)
Que hn hp vi m hn 1 gc 90 -1200 (hnh 3)
Hnh 1.6.
Gc ca m hn
c.Chuyn ng ca m hn, que hn
M hn chuyn ng ln xung theo hnh rng ca
1 2
100-150
0 0
10 -15
ng
h
m
1 0 0-1 5 0
Hnh 1.11. Gc
que hn khi hn lp in y
Hng dn tr li cu hi
Cu 1:
- Tnh cht , thnh phn , tc dng ca kh Argn v He dng trong hn ng
cng ngh cao.
Cu 2:
- Tnh nng ca que hn
+ Que hn v thuc Axt (A).
+ Que hn v thuc Baz (B).
+ Que hn v thuc h Hu c (O hoc C).
+ Que hn v thuc h Rutin (R).
34
- Phng php chn que hn h quang tay.
Cu 3:
- Chun b phi
- Cu trc ca mi hn
- Chn ch hn (TIG+SMAW)
- Gc ca m hn, que hn, que hn ph (TIG +SMAW)
- Chuyn ng ca m hn, que hn, que hn ph (TIG +SMAW) khi hn lp
lt, lp in y v lp hon thin.
Bng 1.15.nh gi kt qu hc tp
Kt qu
Cch thc v thc
im
TT Tiu ch nh gi phng php hin ca
ti a
nh gi ngi
hc
I Kin thc
1 Vt liu hn TIG 1
1.1 Thnh phn, tnh cht, tc Vn p, i chiu 0,5
dng ca kh Ar; He vi ni dung bi
1.2 Cc loi in cc, tiu chun hc 0,5
in cc, theo AWS.A5.1.12
2 Vt liu hn SMAW 2
2.1 K hiu que hn theo tiu 1
chun Vit nam; ISO -2560; Lm bi t lun,
AWS(A.1;A.5) i chiu vi ni
2.2 Tnh nng tc dng ca que dung bi hc 0,5
hn
2.3 Phng php chn que hn 0,5
KT QU HC TP
Kt qu Kt qu
Tiu ch nh gi H s
thc hin hc tp
Kin thc 0,3
K nng 0.4
Thi 0,3
Cng:
36
BI 2: HN NG V TR 5G (TIG + SMAW)
M bi: M 27.2
Gii thiu:
K thut hn ng v tr 5G (TIG + SMAW) l t th hn ng, ng c trc
nm ngang c nh, khng quay khi hn. y l t th hn tng i kh, mi
hn hnh thnh trn mt phng ng. Do trng lng git kim loi lng lun
lun c xu hng ri xung pha di lm cho mi hn hnh thnh kh khi hn
bng phng php hn SMAW.
Hnh 2.1. V tr hn 5G
Mc tiu:
- Trnh by k thut hn ng 5G bng cng ngh hn ( TIG + SMAW) cc
loi ng chu p lc cao, ng chu nhit, chu n mn ho cht;
- Chun b dng c, thit b hn y , m bo yu cu k thut v an
ton;
- Chun b mp hn sch ht cc vt du m, vt bn, lp -xy ho, ng
kch thc m bo yu cu k thut;
- G phi hn chc chn ng kch thc, m bo v tr tng quan gia
cc chi tit;
- Chn ch hn: Ih, Uh, ng knh vt liu hn, ng knh in cc,
lu lng kh, loi kh bo v;
- Hn ni cc loi ng dn du, dn kh, ng chu p lc cao, ng chu
nhit, ng chu n mn ho cht bng thit b hn TIG + SMAW t yu cu.
Ni dung:
1. K thut hn TIG (5G)
Mc tiu:
- Trnh by c k thut hn ng 5G bng cng ngh hn TIG;
- Chun b c phi hn , chn ch hn;
- Hn c mi hn lt bng cng ngh hn TIG m bo yu cu: b mt
mi hn phng, phn li u, cc phn ni khng b thiu ht;
- Tun th quy trnh, c thc c lp trong luyn tp.
a. Chun b phi
37
c nghin cu bn v, xc nh kch thc, kim tra k hiu ca vt
liu, tin hnh gia cng ct phi bng my ct chuyn dng, gia cng mp vt
ng quy nh
Hnh 2.2. Bn v kt
cu hn
Hn lp lt bng
cng ngh hn TIG
Hn lp in y v
lp hon thin bng
h quang tay que hn
c thuc bc
(SMAW)
1.6 mm
Chuyn ng que hn
dng v dch d
c
Hnh 2.6. Chuyn ng ca m hn v que hn ph
Que hn chuyn ng tnh tin vo b hn tng lng kim loi p to
iu kin hnh thnh mi hn.
1.4. Hn TIG 5G (ng 76)
Bng 2.1. Hng dn thc hin
Tn
TT Thit b, dng c Thao tc Yu cu
bc
- ng quy c, k
c bn
1. - Bn v hn - c, phn tch hiu, kch thc ca
v
mi hn
- My ct ng chuyn - Ly du - Ct ng kch
Ct phi
dng - t phi trn thc
2. v gia
- Km kp phi bn g - Gia cng vt mp
cng
- My mi - Ct phi chnh xc
- Sch cc g st
bm trn b mt ca
- Chi dc sut
- My nh g phi
chiu di ca
- Pht nh g - nh sang hai
mp hn mt bn
- Bn chi thp pha ca k hn t
Lm ngoi v bn
- Knh bo h (2030)
3. sch v trong ng
- My hn TIG c c - ng ng knh
hn nh
chc nng hn h quang que hn ph d= 2,4
- Chn ch
tay - Dng in hn
hn nh
Ih= 85 90 (A)
- nh ng quy
cch
4. Hn lp - My hn TIG c c - Chn ng - ng ng knh
lt chc nng hn h quang knh que hn que hn
( TIG) tay - Chn dng + Que hn ph
40
d =2,4
+ Dng in hn
- Knh hn, km hn
Ih= 85105 A
- Bo h lao ng in hn
+ Lu lng kh
bo v:
7 lt/Pht
2. K thut hn SMAW (5G)
Mc tiu:
- Trnh by c k thut hn ng 5G bng cng ngh hn h quang tay;
- Chn ch hn cc lp hn ph hp;
- Hn c lp hn in y, lp hn hon thin bng cng ngh hn h
quang tay m bo yu cu: ng kch thc, b mt mi hn phng, khng
khuyt cnh, ng cc;
- Tun th quy trnh, c thc c lp trong luyn tp.
2.1. Thit b, dng c, vt liu
a. My hn TIG DC/AC c chc nng hn h quang tay
b. Dng c:
Mt n hn
Gng tay
Tp d da
c. Vt liu:
Thp ng ( 48 90)
Que hn E 7016 ( 2,5 3,2)
2.2. Hn lp in y
a. Ch hn
ng knh que hn d = 2,5
Dng in hn Ih = 80 100 A
b. Gc que hn v chuyn ng ca que hn
Trng hp th nht: Lp in y ch cn hn mt lt hn. Gc que hn
v phng php di chuyn nh hnh v.
1
1.6 mm
-
Chuyn ng que hn
dng v dch d
c
1.6 mm
Chuyn ng que hn
dng v dch d
c
1 0 0-1 5 0
Hnh 2.11. S nguyn l kim tra bng siu m: 1- u d pht; 2-vt kim;
3- khuyt tt; 4- u d thu (truyn qua); 5- u d thu (phn hi)
Sng siu m truyn qua mi trng km theo s suy gim nng lng do
tnh cht ca mi trng. Cng sng m hoc c o sau khi phn x
(xung phn hi) ti cc mt phn cch (khuyt tt) hoc o ti b mt i din
ca vt kim tra (xung truyn qua). Chm sng m phn x c pht hin v
phn tch xc nh s c mt ca khuyt tt v v tr ca n. Mc phn x
ph thuc nhiu vo trng thi vt l ca vt liu pha i din vi b mt
phn cch v phm vi nh hn vo cc tnh cht vt l c trng ca vt liu
. Dng c thit b vt t, My siu m EPOCH LTC, mu chun, m tip m.
Chun my EPOCH LTC, Chng ny m t cch chun thit b EPOCH LTC.
Chun thit b l qu trnh iu chnh thit b sao cho n o chnh xc trn vt
liu, s dng u d v nhit c th. EPOCH LTC c tnh nng chun t
ng tin tin, n cung cp qu trnh chun nhanh v d dng. Cc phn di
y s m t chi tit qui trnh chun
EPOCH LTC khi s dng bn loi u d c bn: u d thng, tr, bin
t kp v u d gc. thit lp thit b trc khi chun cn thc hin cc
bc sau:
n DISPLAY chn ch mn hnh chia
n 2ndF, VEL (REJECT) t mc thi loi 0%. n F1 hoc s dng phm
iu chnh gi tr v 0.
n GAIN chn gi tr khuch i ban u thch hp cho hiu chun.
iu chnh gi tr bng cc phm bm chc nng trc tip hoc cc phm v
. Nu gi tr khuch i thch hp cha bit, t gi tr ban u l 30 dB v iu
chnh n khi cn thit trong qu trnh chun.
n VEL nhp vn tc gn ng cho vt liu kim tra v iu chnh gi
tr bng cc phm chc nng hoc cc phm v . Nu gi tr vn tc cha
bit, tm gi tr vn tc khi im trong ph lc B ca hng dn s dng ny.
n phm RANGE xc lp di v sau iu chnh gi tr bng cch
s dng cc phm chc nng hoc cc phm , , , hoc .
n phm 2ndF, ANGLE (THICKNESS) nhp gi tr chiu dy vt liu
0.00 mm. n phm F1 hoc iu chnh gi tr v 0.
44
n phm ZERO OFFSET t gi tr b im 0 l 0.00 s. n phm F1
hoc s dng phm hoc a xung pht v bn tri ca mn hnh.
n phm ANGLE nhp chnh xc gc khc x ca u d. S dng
cc phm chc nng tip cn cc gi tr nh sn hoc s dng cc phm v
iu chnh tng bc 0.10.
S dng u d ca Panametrics-NDTTM P/N A109S-RM vi tn s 5.0
MHz v ng knh bin t 13 mm thc hin chun mu vi u d thng.
Chun thit b yu cu mu chun c hai gi tr chiu dy bit trc c lm t
vt liu cn o. L tng nht l hai gi tr chiu dy nh hn v ln hn chiu
dy ca vt liu cn kim tra.
Hnh 2.15.Chun vi u d gc
Qui trnh chun mu di y c thc hin vi u d ca hng
Panametrics-NDTTM, P/N: A420S-SB, tn s 2.25 MHz v kch thc bin t
0.625"x0.625". Nm 450, P/N: ABWS-6-45. Mu chun s dng cho qui trnh
ny nn dng ASTM E-164 IIW Type I hoc IIW Type II ca Khng qun M.
Cc bc sau s dng mu chun bng thp carbon Panametrics-
NDT IIW Type I, P/N: TB7541-1
Hnh 2.16.Chun di
47
Hng dn tr li cu hi
Cu 1:
- Tnh cht , thnh phn , tc dng ca kh Argn v He dng trong hn ng
cng ngh cao.
Cu 2:
- Tnh nng ca que hn
50
+ Que hn v thuc Axt (A).
+ Que hn v thuc Baz (B).
+ Que hn v thuc h Hu c (O hoc C).
+ Que hn v thuc h Rutin (R).
- Phng php chn que hn h quang tay.
Cu 3:
- Chun b phi
- Cu trc ca mi hn
- Chn ch hn (TIG+SMAW)
- Gc ca m hn, que hn, que hn ph (TIG +SMAW)
- Chuyn ng ca m hn, que hn, que hn ph (TIG +SMAW) khi hn
lp lt, lp in y v lp hon thin.
51
Bng 2.4. nh gi kt qu hc tp
Kt qu
Cch thc v thc
im
TT Tiu ch nh gi phng php hin ca
ti a
nh gi ngi
hc
I Kin thc
1 Vt liu hn TIG 1
1.1 Thnh phn, tnh cht, tc Vn p, i chiu 0,5
dng ca kh Ar; He vi ni dung bi
1.2 Cc loi in cc, tiu chun hc 0,5
in cc, theo AWS.A5.1.12
2 Vt liu hn SMAW 2
2.1 K hiu que hn theo tiu 1
chun Vit nam; ISO -2560; Lm bi t lun,
AWS(A.1;A.5) i chiu vi ni
dung bi hc
2.2 Tnh nng tc dng ca que 0,5
hn
2.3 Phng php chn que hn 0,5
3 K thut hn ng 5G bng 7
cng ngh hn (TIG +
SMAW)
1.1 Chun b phi 1
1.2 Thit b, dng c, vt liu. Lm bi t lun, 0,5
1.3 Hn lp lt bng TIG i chiu vi ni 1
dung bi hc
1.4 Hn lp in y bng 1,5
SMAW
1.5 Hn lp hon thin bng 1,5
SMAW
1.6 Kim tra sa cha khuyt tt 1,5
Cng: 10
II K nng
Cng: 10
III Thi
3 m bo an ton lao ng v
4
v sinh cng nghip
Theo di vic
3.1 Tun th quy nh v an ton thc hin, i 1,5
3.2 y bo h lao ng (qun chiu vi quy
o bo h, giy, th hc sinh, nh v an ton v 1,5
gng tay len) v sinh cng
nghip
3.3 V sinh xng thc tp ng
1
quy nh
Cng: 10
KT QU HC TP
Kt qu Kt qu
Tiu ch nh gi H s
thc hin hc tp
Kin thc 0,3
K nng 0.4
Thi 0,3
Cng:
53
BI 3: HN NG V TR 6G (TIG + SMAW)
M bi: M 27.3
Gii thiu:
K thut hn ng v tr 6G (TIG + SMAW) l t th hn phi hp cc t th
hn nh: Hn trn, hn ng v hn bng. ng c trc nghing vi mt phng
ngang 450c nh, khng quay khi hn. y l t th hn tng i kh, mi hn
hnh thnh trn mt trn, mt phng ng. Do trng lng git kim loi lng
lun lun c xu hng ri xung pha di lm cho mi hn hnh thnh kh khi
hn bng phng php hn SMAW.
Hnh 3.1. Hn 6G
Mc tiu:
- Trnh by k thut hn ng 6G bng cng ngh hn (TIG + SMAW) cc
loi ng chu p lc cao, ng chu nhit, chu n mn ho cht;
- Chun b dng c, thit b hn y , m bo yu cu k thut v an
ton;
- Chun b mp hn ng yu cu, lm sch ht cc vt du m, vt bn,
lp -xy ho;
- G phi hn chc chn ng v tr;
- Chn ch hn: Ih, Uh, ng knh vt liu hn, ng knh in cc,
lu lng kh, loi kh bo v;
- Hn c ni cc loi ng dn du, dn kh, ng chu p lc cao, ng
chu nhit, ng chu n mn ho cht v tr 6G, bng cng ngh hn (TIG +
SMAW) t yu cu;
- Tun th quy trnh, c thc c lp trong luyn tp.
Ni dung:
1. K thut hn TIG (6G)
Mc tiu:
- Trnh by c k thut hn ng 6G bng cng ngh hn TIG;
- Chun b c phi hn , chn ch hn;
54
- Hn c mi hn lt bng cng ngh hn TIG m bo yu cu: b mt
mi hn phng, phn li u, cc phn ni khng b thiu ht;
- Tun th quy trnh, c thc c lp trong luyn tp.
1.1. Chun b phi
c nghin cu bn v, xc nh kch thc, kim tra k hiu ca vt
liu, tin hnh gia cng ct phi bng my ct chuyn dng, gia cng mp vt
ng quy nh.
Hnh 3.2. Bn v kt cu hn
V sinh: Mi b mt gc vt, mp cn. Mi b mt ca mu hn (tnh t mp
ra 30 - 40 mm).
a. Cu trc mi hn
Hn lp lt bng cng ngh hn TIG
Hn lp in y v lp hon thin bng h quang tay que hn c thuc
bc
1.6 mm
Chuyn ng que hn
dng v dch d
c
Hnh 3.6. Chuyn ng ca m hn, que hn ph
Que hn chuyn ng tnh tin vo b hn tng lng kim loi p to
iu kin hnh thnh mi hn.
1.4. Hn TIG 6G( ng 76):
1.5. Hn TIG 6G( ng 90 SCH.80):
1.6. Hn TIG 6G( ng 114 SCH.80):
Bng 3.1. Hng dn thc hin
Tn
TT Thit b dng c Thao tc Yu cu
bc
1. c bn - c, phn tch - ng quy c, k
v hiu, kch thc ca
mi hn
1.6 mm
Chuyn ng que hn
dng v dch d
c
1.6 mm
-
Chuyn ng que hn
dng v dch d
c
Hnh 3.8. Chuyn ng ca que hn khi hn lp in y th 2
2.3. Hn lp ph (Lp hon thin)
a. Chn ch hn
ng knh que hn d = 3,2
Dng in hn Ih = 90 120 A
b. Gc que hn v chuyn ng ca que hn
Trng hp lp hon thin b rng nh ch cn hn mt ng hn l
xong, gc que hn v chuyn ng que hn nh hnh v.
750 - 850
59
Hnh 3.9. Gc ca que hn v chuyn ng ca que hn khi b rng mi hn
nh
Trng hp b rng mi hn ln phi hn nhiu ng hn mi hon
thnh, yu cu mi hn phi c sp xp u, khng to thnh cc rnh khi hn
chng cc lp hn ln nhau. Gc que hn cng c thay i cho tng ng
hn, phng php di chuyn que hn nh hn cc lp hn bn trong.
1 0 0-1 5 0 1 /1 6 "
5 5
4 4
1 2 1 2 1 /1 6 "
3 3
1 0 0-1 5 0
Bng 3.4.nh gi kt qu hc tp
Kt qu
Cch thc v thc
im
TT Tiu ch nh gi phng php hin ca
ti a
nh gi ngi
hc
I Kin thc
1 Vt liu hn TIG 1
1.1 Thnh phn, tnh cht, tc Vn p, i chiu 0,5
dng ca kh Ar; He vi ni dung bi
1.2 Cc loi in cc, tiu chun hc 0,5
in cc, theo AWS.A5.1.12
2 Vt liu hn SMAW 2
2.1 K hiu que hn theo tiu 1
chun Vit nam; ISO -2560; Lm bi t lun,
AWS(A.1;A.5) i chiu vi ni
2.2 Tnh nng tc dng ca que dung bi hc
0,5
hn
2.3 Phng php chn que hn 0,5
3 K thut hn ng 6G bng 7
cng ngh hn (TIG +
SMAW)
1.1 Chun b phi 1
1.2 Thit b, dng c, vt liu. Lm bi t lun, 0,5
i chiu vi ni
1.3 Hn lp lt bng TIG 1
dung bi hc
1.4 Hn lp in y bng 1,5
SMAW
1.5 Hn lp hon thin bng 1,5
SMAW
1.6 Kim tra sa cha khuyt tt 1,5
Cng: 10
II K nng
KT QU HC TP
Kt qu Kt qu
Tiu ch nh gi H s
thc hin hc tp
Kin thc 0,3
K nng 0,4
Thi 0,3
Cng:
70
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1]. Trng Cng t - K Thut Hn- NXBKHKT H Ni 1977
[2]. Ng Xun Thng- Cng ngh hn in nng chy (tp 1 c s l thuyt)-
NXBKHKT- 2004.
[3]. Lu Vn Huy, Tn Dn- K thut hn- NXBKHKT- 2006
[4]. Trung tm o to v chuyn giao cng ngh Vit c, Chng trnh
o to Chuyn gia hn quc t, 2006.
[5]. Nguyn Thc H, Bi Vn Hnh- Gio trnh cng ngh hn- NXBGD-
2002
[6]. Ng L Thng - Cng ngh hn in nng chy (tp1- c s l thuyt)
NXBGD- 2004.
[7]. Trung tm o to v chuyn giao cng ngh Vit c, Chng trnh
o to Chuyn gia hn quc t, 2006.
[8]. Metal and How to weld them - the James F.Lincoln Arc Welding Foundation
(USA) 1990.
[9]. The Procedure Handbook of Arc Welding the Lincoln Electric Company
(USA) by Richart S.Sabo 1995.
[10]. Welding science & Technology Volume 1 American Welding Society
(AWS) by 2006.
[11]. ASME Section IX, Welding and Brazing Qualifications, American
Societyt mechanical Engineer, 2007.
[12]. AWS D1.1, Welding Structure Steel, American Welding Society, 2008
[13]. The Welding Institute (TWI), Welding Inspection, Training and
Examination Services.