0

B LAO NG - THNG BINH V X HI

TNG CC DY NGH

GIO TRNH
Tn m un: Hn ng cng ngh cao
NGH: HN
TRNH : CAO NG NGH

(Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s:120/Q-TCDN, ngy 25 thng 02 nm 2013

ca Tng Cc trng Tng cc Dy ngh)

H Ni, nm 2013
 1
TUYN B BN QUYN
Ti liu ny thuc loi sch gio trnh nn cc ngun thng tin c th
c php dng nguyn bn hoc trch dng cho cc mc ch v o to v
tham kho.
Mi mc ch khc mang tnh lch lc hoc s dng vi mc ch kinh
doanh thiu lnh mnh s b nghim cm.

LI GII THIU
Trong nhng nm qua, dy ngh c nhng bc tin vt bc c v s
lng v cht lng, nhm thc hin nhim v o to ngun nhn lc k thut
p ng nhu cu x hi. Cng vi s pht trin ca khoa hc cng ngh trn th
gii, lnh vc c kh ch to ni chung v ngnh Hn Vit Nam ni ring c
nhng bc pht trin ng k. Chng trnh khung quc gia ngh hn c
xy dng trn c s phn tch ngh, phn cc mn hc chuyn mn ngh c
kt cu thnh mun. to iu kin thun li cho cc c s dy ngh trong
qu trnh thc hin, vic ging dy mun o to ngh mang tnh thng nht
trong h thng dy ngh quc gia v ni dung chng trnh kin thc, k nng
cn trang b cho ngi hc.
M un 27: Hn ng cng ngh cao l m un o to ngh c bin
son theo hnh thc tch hp l thuyt v thc hnh. Trong qu trnh thc hin,
nhm bin son tham kho nhiu ti liu cng ngh hn trong nc, cc ng
nghip v ngoi nc,ng thi kt hp vi kinh nghim trong thc t sn xut.
Mc d c nhiu c gng, nhng khng trnh khi nhng khim khuyt,
rt mong nhn c s ng gp kin ca c gi gio trnh c hon
thin hn.
Xin chn thnh cm n!
H Ni, ngy thng nm
2013
Ch bin: Nguyn Vn Hoa
 2
MC LC

TRANG
Li gii thiu 1

Chng trnh m un hn ng cng ngh cao 3

V tr, tnh cht ca m un 3
Mc tiu ca m un 3
Ni dung m un

Bi 1: Hn ng v tr 2G (TIG + SMAW) 4

Bi 2: Hn ng v tr 5G (TIG + SMAW) 36

Bi 3: Hn ng v tr 6G (TIG + SMAW) 52

Ti liu tham kho 68

 3
TN M UN: HN NG CNG NGH CAO
M m un: M27
V tr, tnh cht, ngha, vai tr ca m un:
- V tr: L mn un c b tr cho ngi hc sau khi hc xong cc
mn hc chung, cc mn hc, mun k thut c s t MH07 n MH12 v m
un chuyn ngnh M13 M23.
- Tnh cht: y l m un chuyn mn ngh trong chng trnh o to
Cao ng ngh Hn.
- Vai tr, ngha ca m un:
Luyn tp nng cao k nng ngh v phng php hn H quang tay, hn
h quang in cc khng nng chy trong mi trng kh bo v v tr 1G
4G. To cho ngi hc c t tin lm vic ti cc Khu cng nghip, Khu ch
sut v Cng ngh ng ng.
Mc tiu ca m un:
- Trnh by c k thut hn cc loi ng chu p lc cao, ng chu nhit,
chu n mn ho cht ;
- Chun b dng c, thit b hn y , m bo yu cu k thut v an
ton ;
- Chun b mp hn sch ht cc vt du m, vt bn, lp -xy ho, ng
kch thc m bo yu cu k thut ;
- G phi hn chc chn ng kch thc, m bo v tr tng quan gia cc
chi tit ;
- Chn ch hn: Ih, Uh, ng knh vt liu hn, ng knh in cc, lu
lng kh, loi kh bo v ;
- Hn ni cc loi ng dn du, dn kh, ng chu p lc cao, ng chu nhit,
ng chu n mn ho cht, v tr 2G ; 5G ; 6G bng cng ngh hn (TIG +
SMAW) t yu cu ;
- Kim tra nh gi ng cht lng mi hn ;
- Sa cha cc khuyt tt ca mi hn m bo yu ;
- Tun th quy trnh, t gic c lp trong luyn tp.
Ni dung ca m un:
Thi gian
S TT Tn cc bi trong m un L Thc Kim
Tng s
thuyt hnh tra
1 Hn ng 2G (TIG + SMAW) 20 1 18 1

2 Hn ng 5G (TIG + SMAW) 45 1 43 1

3 Hn ng 6G (TIG + SMAW) 96 1 94 1

4 Kim tra kt thc M un 4 0 0 4

 4
Thi gian
S TT Tn cc bi trong m un L Thc Kim
Tng s
thuyt hnh tra
Cng 165 3 155 7
BI 1: HN NG V TR 2G (TIG + SMAW)
M bi: M 27.1
Gii thiu:
K thut hn ng v tr 2G (TIG + SMAW) l t th hn ngang, ng c
trc thng ng c nh, khng quay khi hn. y l t th hn tng i kh,
mi hn hnh thnh trn mt phng ng. Do trng lng git kim loi lng lun
lun c xu hng ri xung pha di lm cho mi hn hnh thnh kh khi hn
bng phng php hn SMAW.

Hnh 1.1. V tr hn 2G
Mc tiu:
- Trnh by c k thut khi hn cc loi ng chu p lc cao, ng chu
nhit, chu n mn ho cht v tr 2G;
- Nu c mt s khi nim c bn v ng, cng ngh hn p dng khi hn
cc loi ng;
- Chun b dng c, thit b hn y , m bo yu cu v an ton.
- Chun b mp hn ng kch thc lm sch cc vt du m, vt bn, lp -
xy ho;
- G phi hn chc chn ng v tr;
- Chn ch hn: Ih, Uh, ng knh vt liu hn, ng knh in cc, lu
lng kh, loi kh bo v;
- Hn ni cc loi ng dn du, dn kh, ng chu p lc cao, ng chu nhit,
ng chu n mn ho cht v tr 2G bng cng ngh hn (TIG + SMAW) t
yu cu.
- Tun th quy trnh, c thc c lp trong luyn tp.
Ni dung:
 5
1. Mt s khi nim c bn
Mc tiu :
- Trnh by c mt s khi nim c bn, cc kch thc danh ngha v
ng, cc mc thp thng s dng ch to ng ;
- Trnh by mt s khi nim nh : Hn SMAW, Hn TIG, Hn ng
(SMAW + SMAW), Hn ng (TIG + SMAW).
Ngy nay trong h thng sn xut ch to, cc ngnh cng nghip v
h thng ng ng dn du hoc kh c s dng nhiu trn cc vng lnh
th rng ln ch yu c lp ghp bng hn, cc lin kt ren ch cn c dng
rt hn ch. Vic hn ng ch yu lin quan n cc mi hn v s iu tit ca
cc quy phm tiu chun c lin quan nh tiu chun ca M Asme v boler &
pressuare vesseel code ( Tiu chun v ni hi & bn p lc ), astm (American
Society for testing and Materials).api ( American petrolium institute : vin xng
du m ) c api 1104 welding of pepinlines and related fecilities ( tiu chun
hn ng ng v cc ph kin ng ng ).
1.1. ng
ng dng chuyn ti cht thng vn t ni ny sang ni khc. Cht
lng ng c phn loi da trn danh mc ca ng (schedule). Sich l tiu
chun nh gi v trng lng (weight) v dy (thickness) ca ng.
1.2. Kch thc danh ngha ca ng
Bng 1.1. Kch thc danh ngha ca cc loi ng

1/8 6 mm 1 25 mm
8 mm 1 32 mm
3/8 10 mm 1 40 mm
15 mm 2 50 mm
20 mm 2 65 mm

Cc loi thp theo tiu chun astm (American Society for testing and
Material-hip hi kim tra v vt liu hoa k) thng thng c bt u bng
ch a, pha sau ch a l 1 cm ch s v ch ci dng ch cp , thuc tnh
c hc v thnh phn ho hc ca mi loi thp. tm hiu chi tit v mi loi
thp, ta phi s dng cc ti liu ca astm tra cu.
Bng 1.2. Lit k cc mc thp thng c s dng ch to ng theo tiu
chun astm

K hiu theo
STT M t c im
astm
1 A27 Thp cacbon c.
2 A36 Thp cac bon kt cu.
 6
K hiu theo
STT M t c im
astm
3 A53 Thp cacbon ch to ng.
4 A105 Thp cn dng ch to cc loi ng.
5 A106 Thp cacbon ch to ng.
6 A131 Thp kt cu s dng cho ngnh tu bin.
7 A134 Thp cacbon ch to ng.
8 A135 Thp cacbon ch to ng.
9 A139 Thp cacbon ch to ng.
1.4. Hn SMAW ( Shielded Metal Arc Welding)
L hn h quang tay que hn thuc bc, y l nhm cc quy trnh hn
trong nhit cn thit nng chy c cung cp t h quang in cc nng
chy v kim loi nn.in cc nng chy trong h quang s cung cp kim loi
cho mi hn.
1.5. Hn TIG ( Gas Tungsten arc Welding)
Hn h quang in cc vonfram khng nng chy trong mi trng kh
tr bo v. l qu trnh trong ngun nhit l h quang c to thnh gia
in cc khng nng chy v kim loi c bn , h quang v vng kim loi c
bo v bi khng kh xung quanh ( xy , ni t ) bng lp kh tr bo v nh kh
argon , h li . kim loi in y nu cn thit c a vo h quang t bn
ngoi dng dy trn .
1.6. Hn ng ( SMAW + SMAW)
Hn ng bng cng ngh h quang tay
1.7. Hn ng ( TIG + SMAW )
Hn ng bng cng ngh hn TIG v cng ngh hn h quang tay. Trong
hn lp lt bng hn TIG, hn lp in y v lp hon thin bng h quang
tay.
2. Vt liu hn TIG
Mc tiu:
- Trnh by c thnh phn tnh cht, cng dng v phn loi cc loi kh
dng trong hn ng;
- Trnh by c thnh phn tnh cht, cng dng v phn loi cc loi in
cc vonfram dng trong hn ng;
- Trnh by c thnh phn, tnh cht ca que hn ph;
- Trnh by c tiu chun mt s loi que hn thuc bc, thnh phn, tnh
nng, cng dng, phn loi v cch chn que hn;
- Tun th quy trnh, c thc c lp trong luyn tp.
2.1. Kh tr (thnh phn, tnh cht ca kh tr)
 7
Kh tr l loi kh khng tc dng vi cc phn ng ha hc, hu nh
khng ha tan trong kim loi. Kh Argon v kh heli cng hn hp ca chng
thng dng trong cng ngh hn TIG.
2.1.1. Kh Argn (Ar)
L loi kh tr khng mu, khng mi, khng chy v khng n. Si
nhit 185,50C di p sut bnh thng. Kh Ar nng hn khng kh 1,4 ln.
Nh nng hn nn bo v tt vng kim loi nng chy khi hn.
Theo tiu chun cc nc SNG, kh Ar tinh khit c th chia lm 3 loi A,
B, C m <0,03%g/m3.
Bng 1.3. Thnh phn kh Ar theo % khi lng
Lng A B C
Ar 99.99 99.96 99.90
O2 0.003 0.005 0.005
N2 0.01 0.04 0.01
Loi A dng hn, luyn kim cc kim loi hot tnh v him nh Titan,
Niobi cng cc hp kim ca chng.
Loi B dng hn, luyn kim cc kim loi nh Nhm, Magi s dng
hn in cc nng chy v khng nng chy.
Loi C dng hn, luyn kim v hp kim Crm, Niken, thp hp kim v
Nhm.
Kh Ar c bo qun v vn chuyn trong cc bnh kn. Bnh c quy
nh sn en phn di v sn trng phn trn. Phn trn bnh in ch Argn
sch.
2.1.2. Kh Heli (He).
Kh He l loi kh tr khng mu, khng mi, nh hn khng kh, ch
bng 0.14 ln so vi khng kh. Do vy vic bo v kim loi mi hn kh khn
hn kh Ar. i hi lng kh tiu hao ln hn so vi kh Ar 23 ln. He li c
tnh dn nhit cao hn so vi Ar v sn sinh ra h quang Plasma. H quang hn
c bo v bi kh He thng to ra mi hn rng, su, c dng parabn. Cn
h quang to bi kh Ar c dng ngn tay. Kh He c kh nng ion ha cao hn
kh Ar do in p h quang cao hn, kh He c chia thnh 2 loi: Kh He
c sch cao v kh He k thut. Kh He c bo qun trong nhng bnh kn,
bnh cha kh He c quy nh sn mu nu v in ch Heli mu trng.
2.1.3. Cc hn hp kh tr.
Cc hn hp kh tr bao gm kh (Ar+He) c trng lng ln hn kh He
nn n bo v vng hn tt hn kh He. c bit hn hp cha 70%Ar+30%He,
c dng hn cc kim loi hot tnh.
S trn hn hp kh Ar v He c ngha thc tin rt ln. N cho php
kim sot cht ch nng lng hn cng nh hnh dng tit din ca mi hn.
Khi hn cc chi tit dy hoc tn nhit nhanh, s trn He vo Ar s ci thin
ng k qu trnh hn.

Bng 1.4. So snh hai loi hn hp kh Argn v kh Heli

Hn hp gm 70%Ar+30%He Hn hp gm 70%He+30%Ar
D mi h quang do nng lng ion Kh mi h quang do nng lng ion
 8
Hn hp gm 70%Ar+30%He Hn hp gm 70%He+30%Ar
ha thp ha cao
Nhit h quang thp hn Nhit h quang cao hn
Bo v tt hn do nng hn Bo v km hn do nh hn
Lu lng cn thit thp hn Lu lng s dng cao hn
in p h quang thp hn nn nng in p h quang cao hn nn nng
lng hn thp hn lng hn cao hn
Gi thnh r hn Gi thnh cao hn
Chiu di h quang ngn, mi hn hp Chiu di h quang di, mi hn rng
C th hn chi tit mng Thng hn cc chi tit dy, dn nhit
tt
2.2. in cc Tungsten (in cc Vonfram)
in cc dng trong phng php hn TIG bao gm cc loi:
Tungsten nguyn cht, Tungsten (12)% thria, (0.150.4)%Zirconia,
Tungsten 2% Ceria v Tungsten 11% Lathauna.
in cc c ng knh 0.36mm, chiu di 75300mm thnh phn ca
chng theo theo AWS A5.12. in cc khi hn vi dng DCEN phi mi theo
gc nhn cn khi hn vi dng AC hoc DCEP th mi c v trn.
Tungsten nguyn cht gm 99,5% Tungsten nguyn cht, gi r song mt
dng cho php thp c bit c th dng dng hn AC power v c kh nng
chng nhim bn thp.
Tungsten cha 1% hoc 2% thoria c kh nng bc x electron cao do
c dng hn cho php cao hn v tui th c nng cao ng k. Khi dng h
quang ny h quang d mi v chy n nh do vy tnh nng chng nhim bn
tt. c bit khi hn thp th chng gi gc nh kh tt.
Tungsten cha Zirconia c c tnh h quang v mt dng hn nh
mc trung gian gia Tungsten pure v Tungsten thoria. Cc in cc ny thch
hp vi ngun hn AC khi hn nhm. Bi v s thm Zirconia vo lm cho vic
duy tr git cu (ph bi Alumin) u in cc khi hn nhm n nh hn do
vy t mn (do mi hiu chnh). u im khc ca in cc Tungsten Zirconia l
khng c tnh phng x nh Thoria.
Tungsten Ceria l sn phm mi, ging nh loi Zirconia n khng c
tnh phng x, song h quang hn d mi v n nh hn, c tui bn cao hn.
Tungsten Lanthana l loi c tnh nng tng t Tungsten Ceria.
C 5 loi in cc sau:
Tungsten nguyn cht (mu xanh l)
Tungsten Thoria cha (12)% Thoria (mu )
Tungsten Zirconia cha (0.150.4)% Oxt Zirconia (mu xm)
Tungsten Ceria cha 2% Ceria (mu trng)
 9
Tungsten Lanthana cha 1% Lanthana
ng knh in cc t 0.36mm di t 75300mm
 10
Bng 1.5. Tiu chun in cc theo AWS A5.12
Nguyn
T l Oxt hp kim
AWS S hiu Mu sc t kim Hp kim
theo khi lng
loi
EWP RO7900 Xanh - - -
EWCe-2 RO7932 Cam Ceria CeO2 2
EWLa-1 RO7941 en Lantan La2O2 1
EWTh-1 RO7911 Vng Thoria ThO2 1
EWTh-2 RO7912 Thoria ThO2 2
EWZr-1 RO7920 Nu Zirconia ZrO2 0.25
EWG X- Xm Khng r - -
Mi v sa cha in cc to s n nh ti u ca h quang v m
bo hnh dng mi hn tt. Khi thc hin mi hn cn phi mi sa in cc.
u in cc mi ng quy cch phi m bo u u, khng c mi qu
nhn m phi hi cn. Nu u in cc qu nhn khi hn s mn nhanh. V
mi nhn khng chu c dng hn qu mnh lm cho cc phn t ca in
cc t ng n bm vo mi hn. Nu dng hn qu cao s dn n hin tng
u in cc b nng chy bin dng lm h quang b phn tn. ng thi git
kim loi nng chy u in cc b rng nn rt kh iu khin h quang.
Khc phc hin tng ny ta phi iu chnh li dng in hoc chn ng
knh in cc ln hn.
Nu u in cc b bin dng cong, nguyn nhn do khng c kh bo v
ra u m hn hoc kh b ngt qu sm. Khc phc hin tng ny ta c th
iu chnh li lng kh bo v.
Nu u in cc b ct, ct h quang b bn te. Khuyt tt ny thng thy khi hn
in cc EWTh v dng in hn qu yu. Khc phc hin tng ny ta phi tng dng in
hn v tin hnh mi sa li in cc.
g c mi g c mi

n g kn h m i

n g kn h in c c

in cc khi hn vi ngun DCEN. in cc khi hn vi ngun AC hoc

DCEP
Hnh 1.2. Kch thc v mi in cc
 11
Hnh v cho bit cc dng mi in cc. Ty thuc vo ng dng, vt
liu, b dy, loi mi hn m ta c cc dng mi khc nhau. Khi hn vi dng
AC ta chn in cc ln hn v mi v trn thay v mi nhn nh khi hn vi
dng DCEN.
Bng 1.6. Cc thng s khi mi in cc

Dng DCEN
ng knh ng knh
Gc mi, Dng khng
in cc, mm mi, mm Dng xung, A
i, A
1.0 0.125 12 2-15 2-25
1.0 0.125 20 5-30 5-60
1.0 0.5 25 8-50 8-100
2.4 0.8 30 10-70 10-140
2.4 0.8 35 12-90 12-180
3.2 1.1 60 20-200 20-300
3.2 1.5 90 25-250 25-350
Cch mi: u tin mi th u in cc trn mi 2 , sau mi tinh
bng my mi a bc giy nhm c 120. Khi hn thp, hp kim Titan, thp
khng r mi nhn u in cc. Khi hn nhm v hp kim nhm mi u in
cc hi t.
Khi hn thp cn u in cc nhn tp trung nhit tt hn v iu
khin qu trnh hn d hn. Nhit khi hn nhm cn c phn b u v dng
AC c th hn nng chy.
Dng DC phn cc o t c dng trong hn TIG do Vonfram c th
nng chy trc kim loi nn, ch p dng khi hn tm mng. u in cc ny
phn phi nhit rng hn v kh b nng chy hn.
Khi hn nhm khng nn mi trn u in cc ch cn mi gc nn hi
ln l , u in cc s t bo trn khong 2-3 giy sau khi mi h quang.
Khi mi u in cc khng c mi theo chiu ngang m pho mi theo
chiu dc m bo h quang n nh.
Lp v iu chnh in cc ta ni lng vng kp cui m hn tho
in cc. iu ny cho php y in cc ti lui trong vng kp.
2.3. Que hn TIG
Bng 1.7. K hiu que hn, dy hn theo AWS
ER Dy hn rn hoc que hn dng trong mi trng kh bo
v
70, 80, 110, 120 bn ko mi hn (KSI)
S Dy hn rn
T Dy thuc
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Loi kh bo v; 1: Kh tr; 27 c th dng CO2
G, D1. Thnh phn ha hc ca kim loi hn.
3. Vt liu hn SMAW
Mc tiu:
 12
- Trnh by c tiu chun v phng php k hiu cc loi que hn theo
tiu chun;
- Trnh by c tnh nng ca qua hn v cch ch que hn.
3.1. Mt s tiu chun v phng php k hiu que hn
Nhu cu v mt h thng tiu chun v phng php k hiu dy hn, que
hn ang tr thnh bc xc trong bi cnh hin nay khi m cc mi quan h hp
tc kinh t, khoa hc trao i cng ngh v thng mi gia cc nc ngy cng
pht trin. T chc Quc t ISO (International Standardization Organization)
c thnh lp nhm tp hp cc c quan tiu chun ca cc nc xc lp
cc tiu chun chung v mi mt, trong c vt liu hn. Tuy nhin cc tiu
chun v dy hn ISO a ra cha c tnh cht php l i vi cc nc, ch
cc nc tham kho bin son cc tiu ch mi hoc sa i b sung cc tiu
chun c. Cc nc Chu u thnh lp t chc tiu chun Chu u (CEN) l
thnh vin ca ISO. Tiu chun ca Anh (BS), ca c (DIN), ca Nga
(GOST), Thi Lan (TIS). Tiu chun ca hip hi hn Hoa K AWS khc bit
rt ln so vi tiu chun ISO. Mc d vy cc tiu chun ca M li rt ph bin
trn th gii trong c Vit Nam. gii m c k hiu cc loi que hn,
dy hn ang thnh hnh Vit Nam cn hiu c 1 s tiu chun ca que hn,
dy hn ca Vit Nam (TCVN), ISO v AWS.
3.1.1. K hiu que hn theo tiu chun Vit Nam
a. Que hn thp C v hp kim thp TCVN 3734-89
Cu trc chung ca k hiu que hn:

N 2 ch s 1 ch s 1 ch ci in hoa
Que hn ni Ch s gii hn Ch loi dng in v Ch h v bc ca
bn ko cc tnh ca dng 1 que hn.
Kg/mm2(Min) chiu (A, B, R)
6- Que hn ch hn
bng dng 1 chiu ni
nghch (DC+)
V d: N50-6B ngha l: Que hn dng hn thp C v hp kim thp,
v thuc Baz, thch hp hn dng 1 chiu ni nghch. Kim loi mi hn c gii
hn bn ko ti thiu 50Kg/mm2 (hay 490MPa).
C tnh ca kim loi mi hn theo TCVN 3223-89.
Bng 1.8. C tnh que hn theo tiu chun Vit Nam
Cc ch tiu v c tnh
Loi Gii hn bn gin di Gc un
va p ak
que hn ko b tng i
N/mm2 Kg/mm2 2
MJ/m Kgm/cm 2
%
N42 410 42 0.8 8 18 150
N46 450 46 0.8 8 18 150
 13
Cc ch tiu v c tnh
Loi Gii hn bn gin di Gc un
va p ak
que hn ko b tng i
2 2 2 2
N/mm Kg/mm MJ/m Kgm/cm %
N50 490 50 0.7 7 16 120
N42-6B 410 42 1.5 15 22 180
N46-6B 450 46 1.4 14 22 180
N50-6B 490 50 1.3 13 20 150
N55-6B 540 55 1.2 12 20 150
N60-6B 590 60 1.0 10 18 120
b. Que hn thp hp kim c bn cao
Cu trc chung ca k hiu que hn:
HC XX CrXX MnXX WXX . XXX -X
Que hn Gii hn bn
K hiu cc nguyn t hp Nhit l Nhm
thp hp ko (Min) kim vi hm lng tng vic n v
kim cao. Kg/mm2 ng tnh theo %. Nu khng nh ca thuc
c ch s th hm lng l mi hn bc.
1%. OC.
V d: Hc60Cr18VWMo-B c ngha: Que hn hp kim bn cao, c gii
hn bn ko ti thiu 60kg/mm2 hay 590MPa v thnh phn ho hc: 18%Cr,
1%V, 1%W, 1%Mo, v thuc bc Baz.
3.1.2. K hiu que hn theo tiu chun ISO.
a. Que hn thp C v thp hp kim thp ISO 2560
Cu trc k hiu gm 8 loi thng tin khc nhau trong 4 loi phn u l bt buc
cn 4 loi phn cui ch cung cp thm thng tin (nu c ch khng bt buc).
Ch ci 2 ch s 1 ch s 12ch 3 ch s 1 ch s Ch ci
E ci A, AR H

Que hn Gii hn dn Loi h Hiu sut Ch v tr Hm

bn ko di v v thuc p ca mi hn lng H2
nhit bc que que hn nh hn
thp nht hn 15cm3/1
khi KVC 00g
2
= 28J/cm
V d: Que hn E51, 5B, 120, 2, 6, H
C ngha l: Que hn h quang tay cho thp C hoc thp hp kim thp
gii hn bn ko ca kim loi mi hn ... khong 510MPa, dn di tng i
5 = 20%. di va pKCV = 285cm 2 t c nhit T = -40 0C, c v
thuc Baz. Hiu sut p KC = 115120% thch hp hn mi v tr trong
khng gian. Tr v tr hn leo t trn xung. Khi hn dng dng in mt chiu
ni nghch hoc dng xoay chiu c in p khng ti ti thiu U0 = 70V.
b. Que hn thp hp kim cao ISO 3581
 14
Cc nguyn t hp kim ch yu trong cc loi thp hp kim cao l Crm,
Niken v Mlip en. V vy n gin trong k hiu v kim loi ng ca mi
hn ngi ta dng cc con s ch hm lng trung bnh tng ng vi cc
nguyn t Cr, Ni, Mo.
V d:: Kim loi p c hm lng Cr v Ni trung bnh l 19% v 12%
c k hiu l 19.12, nu c 2% Mo th c k hiu 19.12.2.
Ngoi cc hp kim nu, nu trong thp hay kim loi p cn c cc
hp kim khc (Nb, V, Si, Mn) th sau ch s ch hm lng trung bnh cn phi
c k hiu ha hc ca chng.
V d:: Cng thnh phn kim loa p trn, nhng nu c thm 3%Nb
th k hiu mi s l 19.12.2.3Nb
Bng 1.9. Cu trc k hiu que hn theo ISO 3581
Cc
nguyn 12
Ch 2 ch 12 1 ch 3 ch 1 ch 1 ch
t ch
ci s ch s s s s s
khc ci
nhau
E Ch Ch Ch Nb, V, H v Hiu V tr Loi
hm hm hm thuc sut mi dng
lng lng lng p KC hn in v
Cr Ni Mo trong cc
khng tnh U0
gian
V d: Que E19.9 R 120 1 6 c ngha l: Que hn h quang tay hn
thp hp kim cao. Que hn c v bc thuc h Rutin v kim loi mi hn c
thnh phn ha hc nh sau: C 0.8%; Cr = 1821%; Ni = 811% c th hn
mi v tr trong khng gian, thch hp vi dng hn mt chiu ni nghch. Khi
hn vi dng xoay chiu ngun in phi c in p U 0 = 70V. Hiu sut p KC
= 120%.
Bng 1.10. K hiu tng trng thnh phn ha hc ca kim loi que hn theo TSO 3581
K hiu Cc
tng Cmax Cr Ni Mo nguyn t
trng khc
13 0.12 11-14
13.1 0.07 12-15 0.8-1.5
13.4 0.07 12-15 3-6 1.0 max
17 0.10 15-16
17.01 0.25 15-18 1-1.5
30 0.10 27-30
19.9 0.08 18-21 8-11
19.9L 0.04 18-21 8-11
19.9Nb 0.08 18-21 8-11
19.9LNb 0.04 18-21 8-11
19.12.2 0.08 17-20 11-14 2-2.5
 15
K hiu Cc
tng Cmax Cr Ni Mo nguyn t
trng khc
22.12 0.15 20-23 10-13
23.12 0.15 22-26 11-15
3.1.3. K hiu que hn theo tiu chun AWS (American Welding Society)
a. Que hn thp cc bon theo AWS A5.1
K hiu que hn bt u bng ch ci E biu th l que hn, tip theo
l 2 ch s 60 hoc 70 ch gii hn bn ko ti thiu ca kim loi p l 60 hay
70 Ksi. y l n v o ng sut dng ph bin M. Quy i sang n v
khc nh sau:
1Ksi = 6.9*106Pa=6.9Mpa=0.703Kg/mm2.
H thng k hiu que hn thp cc bon theo AWS A5.1.

E 70 1 8
Que hn h bn ko Ch s V tr mi hn. Ch loi thuc
quang tay ca kim loi 1 mi v tr . bc que hn,
mi hn, 2 Bng v ngang. loi dng in,
4 mi v tr hn ng cc tnh v h
trn xung. s p KC.

Bng 1.11. Loi v thuc, dng in, cc tnh v v tr hn ca loi que

hn theo tiu chun AWS A5.1
Phn loi Loi v thuc V tr hn Loi dng
AWS in, cc tnh
E60 10 Natri, xenlul cao (C) F, V, OH, H DC+
E60 11 Kali, xenlul cao (C) F, V, OH, H DC+, AC
E60 12 Natri, titan cao (R) F, V, OH, H DC-, AC
E60 13 Kali, titan cao (RR) F, V, OH, H DC, AC
E60 20 Oxit st cao (A) H, F DC-, AC
E60 22 Oxit st cao (A) F, H DC, AC
E60 27 Oxit st cao, bt st (A) H, F DC-, AC
E70 14 Bt st, titan (RR) F, V, OH, H DC, AC
E70 15 Natri, hyr thp (B) F, V, OH, H DC+
E70 16 Kali, hyr thp (B) F, V, OH, H DC+, AC
E70 18 Kali, hyr thp, bt st (B) F, V, OH, H DC+, AC
E70 24 Bt st, titan (RR) H, F DC, AC
E70 27 Oxit st cao, bt st (A) H, F DC-, AC
E70 28 Kali, hyr thp, bt st (B) H, F DC-, AC
E70 48 Kali, hyr thp, bt st (B) F, OH, H, V DC+, AC
Ghi ch: F hn bng, V hn ng, OH hn trn, H hn ngang.
DC+ Dng 1 chiu ni nghch, DC- Dng 1 chiu ni thun.
AC dng xoay chiu.
Mt s iu cn ch trong tiu chun que hn ca AWS.
 16
H thng o lng ca M vn da trn h n v foot pound.
Khng quy nh gi tr gii hn trn ca gii hn bn ko.
Khng c loi que hn v thuc h Ruti axt (AR), Oxy ha (O) v cc
hn hp khc (S).
Khng nh lng v hiu sut p KC v hm lng Hyr thp ca kim
loi p.
Khi dng in xoay chiu AC khng ch r gi tr ca in p khng ti
U0.
b. Que hn thp C thp theo AWS A5.5
K hiu que hn theo AWS A5.5 cng tng t nh tiu chun AWS
A5.1. Bt u bng ch E ch y l que hn h quang tay, 2 ch s tip theo
trong dy 4 ch s (hoc 3 s tip theo trong dy 5 ch s) biu th gii hn bn
ko ti thiu ca kim loi mi hn (n v Ksi), ch s th 3 trong dy 4 ch s
(hoc th 4 trong dy 5 ch s) dng ch cc v tr hn cho php. T hp 2
ch s cui trong k hiu (cc ch s th 3 v th 4 trong dy 4 ch s hoc th
4 v 5 trong dy 5 ch s) l yu cu v loi dng in, cc tnh, loi v thuc
so vi AWSA5.1. Trong tiu chun ny phn cui cng c th c cc k hiu
A1, , B1 biu th hm lng trung bnh ca cc nguyn t hp kim trong kim
loi p.
Tiu chun AWS A5.5 chia que hn thnh 6 nhm chnh:
Nhm 1: Que hn thp C Mo (loi 0.5Mo).
Phn loi: E70XX-A1, XX thng l 10, 11, 15, 16, 18, 20, 27 theo loi
v thuc bc (tiu chun AWS A5.1).
Thnh phn ha hc mi hn: C = 0.12, Mn = 0.61.0, Si = 0.40.8, Mo =
0.40.65.
Tnh cht ca mi hn: Gii hn bn ko 480Mpa, gii hn chy 390Mpa,
dn di 2225%.
Nhm 2: Que hn thp Cr-Mo gm 5 phn nhm.
Phn nhm 1: E8018-B1 (0.5Cr-0.5Mo).
Tnh cht mi hn: gii hn bn ko 550Mpa, gii hn chy 460Mpa,
dn di 19%.
Phn nhm 2: E80XX-B2L (1Cr-0.5Mo) vi XX l 15, 16, 18.
Tnh cht mi hn: gii hn bn ko 550Mpa, gii hn chy 460Mpa,
dn di 19%.
Phn nhm 3: E90XX-B3L (2Cr-1Mo) vi XX l 15, 16, 18.
Tnh cht mi hn: gii hn bn ko 620Mpa, gii hn chy 530Mpa,
dn di 17%.
Phn nhm 4: E8015-B4L (2Cr-0.5Mo).
Tnh cht mi hn: gii hn bn ko 550Mpa, gii hn chy 460Mpa,
dn di 19%.
Phn nhm 5: E8016-B5 (0.5Cr-1Mo-V).
Tnh cht mi hn: gii hn bn ko 550Mpa, gii hn chy 460Mpa,
dn di 19%.
Nhm 3: Que hn thp Ni gm 5 phn nhm.
Phn nhm 1: E8016-C1, E8018-CL (2.5Ni).
 17
Tnh cht mi hn: gii hn bn ko 550Mpa, gii hn chy 460Mpa,
dn di 19%, dai va p 275 -590C.
Phn nhm 2: E7015-C1L, E7016-C1L E7018-C1L
Tnh cht mi hn: gii hn bn ko 550Mpa, gii hn chy 460Mpa,
dn di 19%, dai va p 275 -730C.
Phn nhm 3: E8016-C2, E8018-C2 (3.5Ni).
Tnh cht mi hn: gii hn bn ko 550Mpa, gii hn chy 460Mpa,
dn di 19%, dai va p 275 -730C.
Phn nhm 4: E7015-C2L, E7016-C2L E7018-C2L
Tnh cht mi hn: gii hn bn ko 550Mpa, gii hn chy 460Mpa,
dn di 19%, dai va p 275 -1010C.
Phn nhm 5: E8016-C3, E8018-C3 (1Ni).
Tnh cht mi hn: gii hn bn ko 550Mpa, gii hn chy 460Mpa,
dn di 24%, dai va p 275 -400C.
Nhm 4: Que hn thp Ni-Mo
Phn loi E8018Nm
Tnh cht mi hn: gii hn bn ko 550Mpa, gii hn chy 470Mpa,
dn di 24%, dai va p 275 -400C.
Nhm 5: Que hn Mn-Mo gm 3 phn nhm.
Phn nhm 1: E9015-D1, E9018-D1 (1.5Mn-0.3Mo).
Tnh cht mi hn: gii hn bn ko 620Mpa, gii hn chy 550Mpa,
dn di 17%, dai va p 275 -510C.
Phn nhm 2: E8016-D3, E8018-D3 (1.5Mn-0.5Mo).
Tnh cht mi hn: gii hn bn ko 550Mpa, gii hn chy 460Mpa,
dn di 24%, dai va p 275 -510C.
Phn nhm 3: E100XX-D2 (1.75Mn-0.3Mo) vi XX l 15, 16, 18.
Tnh cht mi hn: gii hn bn ko 690Mpa, gii hn chy 600Mpa,
dn di 16%, dai va p 275 -510C
Nhm 6: Tt c cc loi que hn thp hp kim thp khc gm 2 phn
nhm, pha cui c ch G cho phn ch M hoc W cho phn nhm th 2.

Phn nhm 1: EXX10-G, EXX11-G, EXX15-G, EXX16-G, EXX18-G

vi XX l 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120.
Tnh cht mi hn: Khi XX l 70, 80, 90, 100 cc tnh cht tng t cc
mc bn tng ng nu trn.
c. So snh cc k hiu ISO, AWS, BS, DIN
Bng 1.12. So snh k hiu mt s nc
K hiu tng ng theo tiu chun quc gia.
K hiu ISO
AWS BS DIN
13 410 13 13
13.1
13.4 13.4
17 430 17 17
17.0.1
 18
K hiu tng ng theo tiu chun quc gia.
K hiu ISO
AWS BS DIN
30
19.9 308 19.9 19.9
19.9L 308L 19.9L 19.9nC
19.9Nb 347 19.9Nb 19.9Nb
19.9LNb
19.12.3 316
19.12.3L 316L
19.12.2Nb 318
19.12.3 19.12.3 19.12.3
19.12.3L 19.12.3L 19.12.3nC
19.12.3Nb 19.12.3Nb 19.12.3Nb
19.13.4 317 19.13.4 19.13.4
19.12.4L 19.13.4L
19.12.4Nb 19.13.4Nb
22.12 22.12
23.12 309 23.12
23.12Nb 309Cb 23.12Nb 23.12.Nb
23.12.W 23.12.W
23.12.2 209Mo 23.12.2
16.8.2 16.8.2
17.8.2 17.8.2
25.20 310 25.20 25.20
3.2. Tnh nng v tc dng ca que hn
Theo tnh cht ca v thuc que hn c cc loi:
Que hn v thuc Axt (A).
Que hn v thuc Baz (B).
Que hn v thuc h Hu c (O hoc C).
Que hn v thuc h Rutin (R).
3.2.1. Que hn v thuc Axt (A)
Thuc lm v bc loi que hn ny c ch to t cc loi Oxt (St,
mangan, silic, fermangan, )
Que hn loi v thuc ny c tc chy ln, cho php hn bng c 2 loi
dng in xoay chiu v mt chiu. Hn cc v tr khc nhau trong khng gian
ca mi hn.
Nhc im ca n l mi hn d nt, nng nn rt t dng hn cc
loi thp c hm lng lu hunh v ccbon cao.
3.2.2. Que hn v thuc Baz (B)
Trong v thuc ch yu l cc thnh phn nh canxi cacbonat,
magicacbonat, hunh thch, fermangan, silic, titan.
 19
Khi hn s to ra kh bo v l CO v CO 2 do phn ng phn ly cu
cacbonat. Que hn thuc h Baz thng ch s dng vi dng 1 chiu ni
nghch. Mi hn t b nt kt tinh, nhng d b r kh.
N c s dng hn cc loi thp c bn cao, cc loi kt cu hn
quan trng.
3.2.3. Que hn v thuc h Hu c (O hoc C)
Loi que hn ny c cha nhiu tinh bt, xenlul, to ra mi trng
kh bo v cho qu trnh hn. Mun to x tt thng cho thm vo hn hp mt
s tinh qung titan, mangan, silic v mt s fer hp kim.
c im ca loi que hn ny l tc ng c ca vng hn nhanh
nn c th s dng hn ng t trn xung, thch hp khi hn dng 1 chiu
cng nh xoay chiu.
3.2.4. Que hn v thuc h Rutin (R)
Thuc trong bc c cc thnh phn nh: oxttitan, grafit, mica, trng
thch, canxi v magiccbonat, fer hp kim, Que hn loi ny s dngi
vi c dng in xoay chiu v mt chiu, h quang chy n nh, mi hn hnh
thnh tt, t bn te, nhng d b r kh v nt kt tinh trong mi hn.
3.3. Chn que hn h quang tay
C th cn c vo cc yu t sau y chn que hn:
Que hn phi cho php tp ra c kim loi mi hn c cc c tnh bn
v thnh phn ha hc tng ng vi kim loi c bn.
Que hn c th hn c cc v tr trong khng gian khc nhau.
Que hn phi thch hp vi ngun in hn: v phm vi iu chnh dng
in hn, loi dng in (AC hay DC) in p khng ti U0, cc tnh ca ngun.
Ph thuc vo kiu lin kt v cc yu cu v mi ni: c im (su,
trung bnh hay nng), kiu vt mp, chiu dy, s lp,
Ph hp vi iu kin lm vic ca kt cu: Cn xc nh iu kin s
dng ca sn phm nh nhit , p sut, ti trng mi trng lm vic.
Phi ph hp vi quy trnh cng ngh hn hoc cc yu cu k thut cho
trc.
C nng sut hn cao: VD tng h s p cng nh nng sut hn v
tr hn sp c th s dng loi que hn c hm lng bt st cao v ng knh
ln.
Trong thc tin sn xut, khi cn thay th mt loi que hn no ta cn
phi cn nhc cc yu t nu trn chn vt liu tng ng ph hp theo
cc tiu chun khc nhau. Khi lm vic ngoi tri cch m cn gi que hn
cho tt, phng b m bin cht.
4. K thut hn
Mc tiu:
- Trnh by c k thut hn ng 2G bng cng ngh hn TIG;
- Chun b c phi hn , chn ch hn;
- Hn c mi hn lt bng cng ngh hn TIG m bo yu cu: b mt
mi hn phng, phn li u, cc phn ni khng b thiu ht;
 20
- Tun th quy trnh, c thc c lp trong luyn tp.
4.1. K thut hn TIG (2G)
4.1.1. Chun b phi
c nghin cu bn v, xc nh kch thc, kim tra k hiu ca vt liu, tin
hnh gia cng ct phi bng my ct chuyn dng, gia cng mp vt ng quy
nh

Hnh 1.3. Bn v lin kt hn

a. Cu trc mi hn
Hn lp lt bng cng ngh hn TIG
Hn lp in y v lp hon thin bng h quang tay que hn c thuc bc

Hnh 1.4. Cu trc mi hn

Lm sch du, m, ha cht, tin hnh g nh phi bng hn TIG theo bn
v. t mt ng ln bn g, hng mp vt ln trn, dng cn khe h khe h
bng mt li que hn un cong hnh ch U , t tip ng cn li ln trn, mp
vt c ghp li vi nhau thnh rnh hn.
b. Chn ch hn
Lu lng kh bo v: 7lt/pht .
 21
ng que hn: 2.4 .
ng knh in cc: 2.4 .
Cng dng in hn: Ih = 85 90 (A)
c. Quy cch mi hn nh
Cc mi nh i xng nhau
Chiu cao mi nh: 3-4 mm.
Chiu di mi nh: 20mm.

Hnh 1.5. Qui cch g nh phi

4.1.2. Thit b - dng c v vt liu hn

a. My hn TIG DC/AC c chc nng hn h quang tay

b. Dng c
Mt n hn
Gng tay
Tp d da
c. Vt liu
Thp ng ( 48 150 mm)
Que hn ER 70 S 6; 2.4 mm
Kh bo v Ar ( Ar gon)
4.1.3. Hn lp lt
a. Ch hn
Lu lng kh bo v: 7lt/pht .
 22
ng que hn: 2.4 .
ng knh in cc: 2.4 .
Dng in: Ih = 85105 A
b. Gc ca m hn v que hn ph
Hn ng 2G kh thc hin hn hn ng 1G v mi hn hnh thnh trn mt
phng ng, kim loi lng do trng lng d chy xung.
Gc que hn ph so vi phng thng ng 1 gc l 900 (hnh 1)
Gc m hn so vi phng thng ng l 900 (hnh 2)
Que hn hp vi m hn 1 gc 90 -1200 (hnh 3)

Hnh 1.6.
Gc ca m hn
c.Chuyn ng ca m hn, que hn
M hn chuyn ng ln xung theo hnh rng ca

Hnh 1.7. Chuyn ng ca m hn, que hn ph

Que hn chuyn ng tnh tin vo b hn tng lng kim loi p to
iu kin hnh thnh mi hn.
4.2. K thut hn SMAW(2G)
4.2.1. Thit b, dng c, vt liu hn
a. My hn TIG DC/AC c chc nng hn h quang tay
b. Dng c:
Mt n hn
Gng tay
Tp d da
c. Vt liu:
Thp ng ( 48 150)
Que hn E 7016 ( 2,5 3,2)
4.2.2. Hn lp in y
a. Ch hn
ng knh que hn d = 2,5
Dng in hn Ih = 80 100 A
b. Gc que hn v chuyn ng ca que hn
 23
Trng hp th nht: Lp in y ch cn hn mt lt hn. Gc
m hn v phng php di chuyn nh hnh v.

1 2

Hnh 1.8. Chuyn ng ca que hn

Trng hp th hai: Lp in y cn nhiu ng hn. Gc m hn
v phng php di chuyn nh hnh v.

100-150

0 0
10 -15

Hnh 1.9. Chuyn ng ca que hn

c. Phng php ni mi hn trong cc lp hn in y: V sinh x hoc mi
ti im h quang va kt thc
qua
mi
i

ng
h
m

Hnh 1.10. im mi h quang khi hn lp in dy

Cc lp hn tip theo: C th c xp thnh ng hn nh chng ln
nhau.
Yu cu b mt ca cc lp hn tng i bng, u. Hn cc lp cho ti
y v cch b mt mu hn khong 1.6 mm hn lp ph b mt(Hon thin).
Kt thc cc lp hn v sinh bng c, bn chi nh g, hoc mi,
chun b tin hnh hn cc lp tip theo.
* Ch : Khi hn cc ng hn ca cc lp hn in y.
 24
Tt c cc ng hn vo b mt vt ca tm di (Que hn cn c
nghing xung h quang trc tip lm nng chy b mt, to ngu su
hn) Trnh cc trng hp chn ca cc lt hn trng nhau.
Khi sp xp cc ng hn cn li rnh hn tng i ln cho lt hn
trn cng (Trong cc trng hp ny, cn phi mi lm sch, v m rng y
ca rnh hn ra, to ngu khi hn ).
4.2.3. Hn lp ph ( Hon thin)
a. Chn ch hn
ng knh que hn d = 3,2
Dng in hn Ih = 90 120 A
b. Gc que hn v chuyn ng ca que hn
y l lp hn quan trng c th c chp nhn l mt ng hn
p, ng quy cch.
Gc que hn cng c thay i cho tng ng hn
Phng php di chuyn que hn nh hn cc lp hn bn trong.
Yu cu mi hn phi c sp xp u, khng to thnh cc rnh khi hn
chng cc lp hn ln nhau.
1 0 0-1 5 0 1 /1 6 "
5 5
4 4
1 2 1 2 1 /1 6 "
3 3

1 0 0-1 5 0
Hnh 1.11. Gc
que hn khi hn lp in y

4.2.4. Hn ng 2G (TIG + SMAW) - 100 SCH.80

Bng 1.13. Hng dn thc hin
Tn
TT Thit b dng c Thao tc Yu cu
bc
- ng quy c, k
c bn
1. - c, phn tch hiu, kch thc ca
v
mi hn
- My ct ng chuyn - Ly du - Ct ng kch
Ct phi
dng - t phi trn thc
2. v gia
- Km kp phi bn g - Gia cng vt mp
cng
- My mi - Ct phi chnh xc
3. Lm - Chi dc sut - Sch cc g st
sch v - My nh g chiu di ca bm trn b mt ca
hn nh - Pht nh g mp hn mt bn phi
 25
Tn
TT Thit b dng c Thao tc Yu cu
bc
- nh sang hai
pha ca k hn t
- Bn chi thp ngoi v bn
(2030)
- Knh bo h trong ng
- ng ng knh
- My hn TIG c c
que hn ph d= 2,4
chc nng hn h quang - Chn ch
- Dng in hn
tay hn nh
Ih= 85 90 (A)
- nh ng quy
Cch
- ng ng knh
- My hn TIG c c que hn
chc nng hn h quang - Chn ng + Que hn ph
Hn lp
tay knh que hn d =2,4
4. lt
- Knh hn, km hn - Chn dng + Dng in hn
( TIG)
- Bo h lao ng in hn Ih= 85105 A
+ Lu lng kh
bo v: 7 lt/Pht
- Chn ch
- My hn TIG c c
hn
chc nng hn h quang - ng ng knh
Hn lp tay que hn
5. in y - Knh hn, km hn d = 2,5
- Gc que hn
SMAW - Que hn, ba g x hn Ih= 80 100 A
-Phng php
- Km kp phi - ng nh hnh v
chuyn ng que
hn
- Chn ch
- My hn TIG c c hn
Hn lp - ng ng knh
chc nng hn h quang
ph b que hn
tay
6. mt d = 3,2
- Knh hn, km hn - Gc que hn
(hon Ih= 90 120 A
- Que hn, ba g x hn -Phng php
thin - ng nh hnh v
- Km kp phi chuyn ng que
hn
Kim
- c - c, o chnh xc
tra sa
- My siu m - o, quan st
7. cha
- Thc, dng - c, khot cc
khuyt
khuyt tt - Hn li
tt
 26
Tn
TT Thit b dng c Thao tc Yu cu
bc
- Sch bi trn bng
Thu dn
iu khin ca thit
v sinh - D lau - Lau thit b
8. b
ni thc - Chi, d - Qut dn
- Qut sch x hn,
tp
ct ni thc tp
4.2.5. Kim tra sa cha khuyt tt
4.2.5.1. Phng php kim tra
a. Kim tra mi hn bng my siu m
u d pht ra chm tia siu m truyn theo ng thng; ng siu m t
u d l sng dc. Khi i vo vt hn vi cc gc cho chuyn thnh sng
ngang.

Hnh 1.12. S khc x v chuyn i loi sng i vi sng dc ti

Sng ngang trong vt hn gp bt lin tc s phn x li
Gii on trn mn hnh xc nh bn cht v kch thc khuyt tt.
Phng php kim tra bng siu m da trn c s nghin cu s lan
truyn v tng tc ca cc dao ng n hi (phn x, khc x, hp th, tn x)
c tn s cao c truyn vo vt th cn kim tra.
 27
Hnh 1.13. S nguyn l c bn ca kim tra bng siu m: 1- u d
pht; 2-vt kim; 3- khuyt tt; 4- u d thu (truyn qua); 5- u d thu
(phn hi)
Sng siu m truyn qua mi trng km theo s suy gim nng lng do
tnh cht ca mi trng. Cng sng m hoc c o sau khi phn x
(xung phn hi) ti cc mt phn cch (khuyt tt) hoc o ti b mt i din
ca vt kim tra (xung truyn qua). Chm sng m phn x c pht hin v
phn tch xc nh s c mt ca khuyt tt v v tr ca n. Mc phn x
ph thuc nhiu vo trng thi vt l ca vt liu pha i din vi b mt
phn cch v phm vi nh hn vo cc tnh cht vt l c trng ca vt liu
.
Dng c thit b vt t
My siu m EPOCH LTC, mu chun, m tip m
Trnh t thc hin
Chun my EPOCH LTC, Chng ny m t cch chun thit b EPOCH
LTC.
Chun thit b l qu trnh iu chnh thit b sao cho n o chnh xc trn
vt liu, s dng u d v nhit c th. EPOCH LTC c tnh nng chun
t ng tin tin, n cung cp qu trnh chun nhanh v d dng. Cc phn di
y s m t chi tit qui trnh chun EPOCH LTC khi s dng bn loi u d
c bn: u d thng, tr, bin t kp v u d gc.
thit lp thit b trc khi chun cn thc hin cc bc sau:
n DISPLAY chn ch mn hnh chia
n 2ndF, VEL (REJECT) t mc thi loi 0%. n F1 hoc s dng phm
iu chnh gi tr v 0.
n GAIN chn gi tr khuch i ban u thch hp cho hiu chun.
iu chnh gi tr bng cc phm bm chc nng trc tip hoc cc phm v
. Nu gi tr khuch i thch hp cha bit, t gi tr ban u l 30 dB v iu
chnh n khi cn thit trong qu trnh chun.
n VEL nhp vn tc gn ng cho vt liu kim tra v iu chnh gi
tr bng cc phm chc nng hoc cc phm v . Nu gi tr vn tc cha
bit, tm gi tr vn tc khi im trong ph lc B ca hng dn s dng ny.
n phm RANGE xc lp di v sau iu chnh gi tr bng cch
s dng cc phm chc nng hoc cc phm , , , hoc .
n phm 2ndF, ANGLE (THICKNESS) nhp gi tr chiu dy vt liu
0.00 mm. n phm F1 hoc iu chnh gi tr v 0
n phm ZERO OFFSET t gi tr b im 0 l 0.00 s. n phm F1
hoc s dng phm hoc a xung pht v bn tri ca mn hnh.
n phm ANGLE nhp chnh xc gc khc x ca u d. S dng
cc phm chc nng tip cn cc gi tr nh sn hoc s dng cc phm v
iu chnh tng bc 0.10.
S dng u d ca Panametrics-NDTTM P/N A109S-RM vi tn s 5.0
MHz v ng knh bin t 13 mm thc hin chun mu vi u d thng.
Chun thit b yu cu mu chun c hai gi tr chiu dy bit trc c lm t
 28
vt liu cn o. L tng nht l hai gi tr chiu dy nh hn v ln hn chiu
dy ca vt liu cn kim tra.

Hnh 1.14. Chun vi u d thng

Gi tr o chiu dy hin th bng c ch ln pha trn A-scan. Khi t
c gi tr c n nh, n phm ZERO OFFSET. Mn hnh ng bng v hp
thoi xut hin trn mn hnh.

Hnh 1.15. Chun vi u d tr

Quy trnh chun mu di y c thc hin vi u d ca hng
Panametrics-NDTTM, P/N: V202-RM, tn s 10 MHz v ng knh bin t 6
mm. Chun thit b yu cu mu chun c hai gi tr chiu dy bit trc c
 29
lm t vt liu cn o. L tng nht l hai gi tr chiu dy nh hn v ln hn
chiu dy ca vt liu cn kim tra.

Hnh 1.16. Chun vi u d kp

Qui trnh chun mu di y c thc hin vi u d ca hng
Panametrics-NDTTM, P/N: DHC711-RM, tn s 5 MHz v ng knh bin t
6 mm. Chun thit b yu cu mu chun c hai gi tr chiu dy bit trc c
lm t vt liu cn o. L tng nht l hai gi tr chiu dy nh hn v ln hn
chiu dy ca vt liu cn kim tra.
 30

Hnh 1.17. Chun vi u d gc

Qui trnh chun mu di y c thc hin vi u d ca hng
Panametrics-NDTTM, P/N: A420S-SB, tn s 2.25 MHz v kch thc bin t
0.625"x0.625". Nm 450, P/N: ABWS-6-45. Mu chun s dng cho qui trnh
ny nn dng ASTM E-164 IIW Type I hoc IIW Type II ca Khng qun M.
Cc bc sau s dng mu chun bng thp carbon Panametrics-
NDT IIW Type I, P/N: TB7541-1

Hnh1.18. Kim tra gc pht khc x

Hnh 1.19. Chun nhy

b. Kim tra bng chp bc x
K thut chp nh bc x m trong phim c t nm song song st
vi mt b mt no ca mi hn v ngun pht bc x c t pha b
mt cn li ca mi hn, ti mt khong cch no tnh t mi hn.
 31

Hnh 1.20. Chp nh bc x kim tra cc mi hn ni bng 1 phim

Hnh 1.21. Chp nh bc x kim tra cc mi hn ni bng nhiu phim

Phi xc nh v tr t ngun pht bc x v phim mt cch cn thn v
thng thng cng mt lc ta khng th nhn thy c c hai pha mi hn.
Trong trng hp cc tm phng c hn ni li vi nhau th cch b tr thc
hin kim tra bng chp nh bc x rt n gin nh c biu din.
Trong trng hp chp nh bc x kim tra cc mi hn ni trong cc ng
th phim c t mt mi hn trong ng (nu c) v ngun pht bc x
c t pha bn ngoi ng hoc ngc li.
Trong trng hp m c phim v ngun pht bc x u khng th t
c pha bn trong ng th c phim v ngun pht bc x u c t pha
bn ngoi ng hai pha i din nhau.
Cc mi hn vng thng c trong cc ng cng nh trong cc mu vt
c dng hnh cu. chp nh bc x kim tra cc mi hn vng trong ng c
th s dng nhng k thut sau:
Phim t pha bn trong, ngun t pha bn ngoi :
K thut ny ch s dng c khi ng ln cho php ta c th tip xc
c vi mt mi hn nm pha bn trong ng.
 32

Hnh 1.22. Cch b tr phim t pha bn trong, ngun t pha bn ngoi

4.2.5.2 Khuyt tt ca mi hn, nguyn nhn bin php khc phc

Bng 1.14. Khuyt tt ca mi hn, nguyn nhn bin php khc phc
Ni dung Nguyn nhn Bin php khc phc
1. Mi hn khng - Dng in hn yu - Chn li ch hn, dao
ngu - Dao ng m hn khng phng m hn ph hp
hp - Dng ct khot hn li
2. Khuyt cnh - Do dng in qu ln. tc - Chn li ch hn, phi c
hn nhanh, chiu di h quangim dng hai bin
di khng c dng hai- Hn b phn khuyt
bin .
3. L hi - Tc hn nhanh, que hn- Tc hn phi ph hp,
m, khng lm sch khi hn phi sy que.
- Gaw hn li
4. Ln x - Dng in hn yu, khng- Chn li cng dng
lm sch cc lp, tc hnin cho ph hp
nhanh - Gaw hn li
5. Chy s - Gc que hn khng hp- Chnh gc que v dng
l,dng hn qu cao . in hn hp l
- Gaw hn li
3. Cng tc an ton lao ng v v sinh phn xng
Mc tiu:
- Trnh by c cc bin php an ton v hn h quang tay, hn h quang
in cc khng nng chy trong mi trng kh bo v;
- Pht hin v s l c mt s s c thng thng ca my hn in h
quang tay v hn h quang in cc khng nng chy trong mi trng kh bo
v;
- Tun th cc quy nh an ton cho ngi v thit b.
 33
Thc hin hn khi c y trang thit b bo h lao ng quy nh cho th
hn. Thc hin ng cc bin php an ton khi hn h quang in cc khng
nng chy trong mi trng kh bo v v h quang tay.
Thc hin tt cc bin php phng chng chy n. Khi pht hin c s c phi
nhanh chng ngt ngun in v bo co ngi c trch nhim x l.

BI TP THC HNH CA HC VIN

Cu 1: Trnh by thnh phn tnh cht, tc dng ca kh Argoon; Heli?
Cu 2: Trnh by tnh nng tc dng ca que hn, phng php chn que
hn h quang tay?
Cu 3: Trnh by k thut hn ng 2G bng cng ngh hn (TIG +
SMAW)?
Cu 4: Bi tp thc hnh
Hn ng 2G bng cng ngh hn (TIG + SMAW

Hnh 1.23. Bn v chi tit hn

Hng dn tr li cu hi
Cu 1:
- Tnh cht , thnh phn , tc dng ca kh Argn v He dng trong hn ng
cng ngh cao.
Cu 2:
- Tnh nng ca que hn
+ Que hn v thuc Axt (A).
+ Que hn v thuc Baz (B).
+ Que hn v thuc h Hu c (O hoc C).
+ Que hn v thuc h Rutin (R).
 34
- Phng php chn que hn h quang tay.
Cu 3:
- Chun b phi
- Cu trc ca mi hn
- Chn ch hn (TIG+SMAW)
- Gc ca m hn, que hn, que hn ph (TIG +SMAW)
- Chuyn ng ca m hn, que hn, que hn ph (TIG +SMAW) khi hn lp
lt, lp in y v lp hon thin.

Bng 1.15.nh gi kt qu hc tp
Kt qu
Cch thc v thc
im
TT Tiu ch nh gi phng php hin ca
ti a
nh gi ngi
hc
I Kin thc
1 Vt liu hn TIG 1
1.1 Thnh phn, tnh cht, tc Vn p, i chiu 0,5
dng ca kh Ar; He vi ni dung bi
1.2 Cc loi in cc, tiu chun hc 0,5
in cc, theo AWS.A5.1.12
2 Vt liu hn SMAW 2
2.1 K hiu que hn theo tiu 1
chun Vit nam; ISO -2560; Lm bi t lun,
AWS(A.1;A.5) i chiu vi ni
2.2 Tnh nng tc dng ca que dung bi hc 0,5
hn
2.3 Phng php chn que hn 0,5

3 K thut hn ng 2G bng Lm bi t lun, 7

cng ngh hn (TIG + i chiu vi ni
SMAW) dung bi hc
1.1 Chun b phi 1
1.2 Thit b, dng c, vt liu. 0,5

1.3 Hn lp lt bng TIG 1

1.4 Hn lp in y bng 1,5
SMAW
1.5 Hn lp hon thin bng 1,5
SMAW
 35
1.6 Kim tra sa cha khuyt tt 1,5
Cng: 10
II K nng
1 Hn TIG Quan st cc thao
tc, i chiu vi
4
bng hng dn
thc hin
2 Hn SMAW Quan st cc thao
tc, i chiu vi
6
bng hng dn
thc hin
Cng: 10
III Thi
1 Tc phong cng nghip Theo di vic 4
1.1 i hc y , ng gi thc hin, i 1,5
1.2 Khng vi phm ni quy lp chiu vi ni quy
1,5
hc ca trng.
1.3 Tnh cn thn, t m Quan st vic
1
thc hin bi tp
2 m bo thi gian thc hin Theo di thi gian
bi tp thc hin bi tp,
2
i chiu vi thi
gian quy nh.
3 m bo an ton lao ng v
4
v sinh cng nghip Theo di vic
3.1 Tun th quy nh v an ton thc hin, i 1,5
3.2 y bo h lao ng( qun chiu vi quy
o bo h, giy, th hc sinh, nh v an ton v 1,5
gng tay len) v sinh cng
3.3 V sinh xng thc tp ng nghip
1
quy nh
Cng: 10

KT QU HC TP

Kt qu Kt qu
Tiu ch nh gi H s
thc hin hc tp
Kin thc 0,3
K nng 0.4
Thi 0,3
Cng:
 36
BI 2: HN NG V TR 5G (TIG + SMAW)
M bi: M 27.2
Gii thiu:
K thut hn ng v tr 5G (TIG + SMAW) l t th hn ng, ng c trc
nm ngang c nh, khng quay khi hn. y l t th hn tng i kh, mi
hn hnh thnh trn mt phng ng. Do trng lng git kim loi lng lun
lun c xu hng ri xung pha di lm cho mi hn hnh thnh kh khi hn
bng phng php hn SMAW.

Hnh 2.1. V tr hn 5G
Mc tiu:
- Trnh by k thut hn ng 5G bng cng ngh hn ( TIG + SMAW) cc
loi ng chu p lc cao, ng chu nhit, chu n mn ho cht;
- Chun b dng c, thit b hn y , m bo yu cu k thut v an
ton;
- Chun b mp hn sch ht cc vt du m, vt bn, lp -xy ho, ng
kch thc m bo yu cu k thut;
- G phi hn chc chn ng kch thc, m bo v tr tng quan gia
cc chi tit;
- Chn ch hn: Ih, Uh, ng knh vt liu hn, ng knh in cc,
lu lng kh, loi kh bo v;
- Hn ni cc loi ng dn du, dn kh, ng chu p lc cao, ng chu
nhit, ng chu n mn ho cht bng thit b hn TIG + SMAW t yu cu.
Ni dung:
1. K thut hn TIG (5G)
Mc tiu:
- Trnh by c k thut hn ng 5G bng cng ngh hn TIG;
- Chun b c phi hn , chn ch hn;
- Hn c mi hn lt bng cng ngh hn TIG m bo yu cu: b mt
mi hn phng, phn li u, cc phn ni khng b thiu ht;
- Tun th quy trnh, c thc c lp trong luyn tp.
a. Chun b phi
 37
c nghin cu bn v, xc nh kch thc, kim tra k hiu ca vt
liu, tin hnh gia cng ct phi bng my ct chuyn dng, gia cng mp vt
ng quy nh

Hnh 2.2. Bn v kt
cu hn
Hn lp lt bng
cng ngh hn TIG
Hn lp in y v
lp hon thin bng
h quang tay que hn
c thuc bc

(SMAW)

Hnh 2.3. Cu trc mi hn

Lm sch du, m, ha cht, tin hnh g nh phi bng hn TIG theo
bn v. t mt ng ln bn g, hng mp vt ln trn, dng cn khe h khe h
bng mt li que hn un cong hnh ch U , t tip ng cn li ln trn, mp
vt c ghp li vi nhau thnh rnh hn.
b. Chn ch hn
Lu lng kh bo v: 7lt/pht
ng que hn: 2.4.
ng knh in cc: 2.4.
Cng dng in hn: Ih = 85 90 (A)
c. Quy cch mi hn nh
Cc mi nh i xng nhau
Chiu cao mi nh: 3-4 mm.
Chiu di mi nh: 20mm.
 38

Hnh 2.4. Qui cch g nh phi

1.2. Thit b - dng c v vt liu hn

a. My hn TIG DC/AC c chc nng hn h quang tay
b. Dng c
Mt n hn
Gng tay
Tp d da
c. Vt liu
Thp ng ( 48 150 mm)
Que hn ER 70 S 6; 2.4 mm
Kh bo v Ar ( Ar gon)
1.3. Hn lp lt
a. Ch hn
Lu lng kh bo v: 7lt/pht .
ng que hn: 2.4 .
ng knh in cc: 2.4 .
Dng in: Ih = 85105 A
b. Gc ca m hn v que hn ph
Hn ng 5G kh thc hin hn hn ng 2G v v tr ca mi hn c on
t th hn nga ngi th kh thao tc.
Gc que hn so vi phng thng ng 1 gc l 700
Gc m hn so vi phng thng ng l 200
Que hn hp vi m hn 1 gc 900
 39

Hnh 2.5. Gc ca m hn v que hn ph

c. Chuyn ng ca m hn v que hn
M hn chuyn ng theo hnh dch rc
(rng ca)

1.6 mm

Chuyn ng que hn
dng v dch d
c
Hnh 2.6. Chuyn ng ca m hn v que hn ph
Que hn chuyn ng tnh tin vo b hn tng lng kim loi p to
iu kin hnh thnh mi hn.
1.4. Hn TIG 5G (ng 76)
Bng 2.1. Hng dn thc hin
Tn
TT Thit b, dng c Thao tc Yu cu
bc
- ng quy c, k
c bn
1. - Bn v hn - c, phn tch hiu, kch thc ca
v
mi hn
- My ct ng chuyn - Ly du - Ct ng kch
Ct phi
dng - t phi trn thc
2. v gia
- Km kp phi bn g - Gia cng vt mp
cng
- My mi - Ct phi chnh xc
- Sch cc g st
bm trn b mt ca
- Chi dc sut
- My nh g phi
chiu di ca
- Pht nh g - nh sang hai
mp hn mt bn
- Bn chi thp pha ca k hn t
Lm ngoi v bn
- Knh bo h (2030)
3. sch v trong ng
- My hn TIG c c - ng ng knh
hn nh
chc nng hn h quang que hn ph d= 2,4
- Chn ch
tay - Dng in hn
hn nh
Ih= 85 90 (A)
- nh ng quy
cch
4. Hn lp - My hn TIG c c - Chn ng - ng ng knh
lt chc nng hn h quang knh que hn que hn
( TIG) tay - Chn dng + Que hn ph
 40
d =2,4
+ Dng in hn
- Knh hn, km hn
Ih= 85105 A
- Bo h lao ng in hn
+ Lu lng kh
bo v:
7 lt/Pht
2. K thut hn SMAW (5G)
Mc tiu:
- Trnh by c k thut hn ng 5G bng cng ngh hn h quang tay;
- Chn ch hn cc lp hn ph hp;
- Hn c lp hn in y, lp hn hon thin bng cng ngh hn h
quang tay m bo yu cu: ng kch thc, b mt mi hn phng, khng
khuyt cnh, ng cc;
- Tun th quy trnh, c thc c lp trong luyn tp.
2.1. Thit b, dng c, vt liu
a. My hn TIG DC/AC c chc nng hn h quang tay
b. Dng c:
Mt n hn
Gng tay
Tp d da
c. Vt liu:
Thp ng ( 48 90)
Que hn E 7016 ( 2,5 3,2)
2.2. Hn lp in y
a. Ch hn
ng knh que hn d = 2,5
Dng in hn Ih = 80 100 A
b. Gc que hn v chuyn ng ca que hn
Trng hp th nht: Lp in y ch cn hn mt lt hn. Gc que hn
v phng php di chuyn nh hnh v.
1

1.6 mm
-

Chuyn ng que hn
dng v dch d
c

Hnh 2.7. Chuyn ng ca que hn khi hn in y th 1

Trng hp th hai: Lp in y cn nhiu ng hn. Gc que hn v
phng php di chuyn nh hnh v.
 41

1.6 mm

Chuyn ng que hn
dng v dch d
c

Hnh 2.8. Chuyn ng ca que hn khi hn in y th 2

2.3. Hn lp ph ( Lp hon thin)
a. Chn ch hn
ng knh que hn d = 3,2
Dng in hn Ih = 90 120 A
b. Gc que hn v chuyn ng ca que hn
Trng hp lp hon thin b rng nh ch cn hn mt ng hn l
xong, gc que hn v chuyn ng que hn nh hnh v.

750 -Dng pha

850 ngoi cnh ca
mp
Hnh 2.9. Gc ca que hn v chuyn ng cavtque
nghn
Trng hp b rng mi hn ln phi hn nhiu ng hn mi hon
thnh, yu cu mi hn phi c sp xp u, khng to thnh cc rnh khi hn
chng cc lp hn ln nhau. Gc que hn cng c thay i cho tng ng
hn, phng php di chuyn que hn nh hn cc lp hn bn trong.
1 0 0-1 5 0 1 /1 6 "
5 5
4 4
1 2 1 2 1 /1 6 "
3 3

1 0 0-1 5 0

Hnh 2.10. Chuyn ng ca que hn khi hn in y c b rng ln

2.4. Hn SMAW 5G ( ng 76)
Bng2.2. Hng dn thc hin
Tn
TT Thit b dng c Thao tc Yu cu
bc
5. Hn lp - My hn TIG c c - Chn ch - ng ng knh
in y chc nng hn h quang hn que hn
SMAW tay - Gc que hn d = 2,5
- Knh hn, km hn -Phng php Ih= 80 100 A
 42
Tn
TT Thit b dng c Thao tc Yu cu
bc
- Que hn, ba g x hn chuyn ng que - ng nh hnh v
- Km kp phi hn
6. Hn lp - My hn TIG c c - Chn ch - ng ng knh
ph b chc nng hn h quang hn que hn
mt tay - Gc que hn d = 3,2
(hon - Knh hn, km hn -Phng php Ih= 90 120 A
thin - Que hn, ba g x hn chuyn ng que - ng nh hnh v
- Km kp phi hn

7. Kim - My siu m - c - c, o chnh xc

tra sa - Thc, dng - o, quan st
cha - c, khot cc - Hn li
khuyt khuyt tt
tt
8. Thu dn - D lau - Lau thit b - Sch bi trn bng
v sinh - Chi, d - Qut dn iu khin ca thit
ni thc b
tp - Qut sch x hn,
ct ni thc tp
2.5. Kim tra v sa cha khuyt tt
2.5.1. Phng php kim tra
a. Kim tra mi hn bng my siu m
u d pht ra chm tia siu m truyn theo ng thng; ng siu m t
u d l sng dc. Khi i vo vt hn vi cc gc cho chuyn thnh sng
ngang.

Hnh 2.11. S khc x v chuyn

i loi sng i vi sng dc ti
Sng ngang trong vt hn gp bt lin tc s phn x li. Gii on trn
mn hnh xc nh bn cht v kch thc khuyt tt. Phng php kim tra
bng siu m da trn c
s nghin cu s lan truyn
v tng tc ca cc dao ng
 43
n hi (phn x, khc x, hp th, tn x) c tn s cao c truyn vo vt th
cn kim tra.

Hnh 2.11. S nguyn l kim tra bng siu m: 1- u d pht; 2-vt kim;
3- khuyt tt; 4- u d thu (truyn qua); 5- u d thu (phn hi)
Sng siu m truyn qua mi trng km theo s suy gim nng lng do
tnh cht ca mi trng. Cng sng m hoc c o sau khi phn x
(xung phn hi) ti cc mt phn cch (khuyt tt) hoc o ti b mt i din
ca vt kim tra (xung truyn qua). Chm sng m phn x c pht hin v
phn tch xc nh s c mt ca khuyt tt v v tr ca n. Mc phn x
ph thuc nhiu vo trng thi vt l ca vt liu pha i din vi b mt
phn cch v phm vi nh hn vo cc tnh cht vt l c trng ca vt liu
. Dng c thit b vt t, My siu m EPOCH LTC, mu chun, m tip m.
Chun my EPOCH LTC, Chng ny m t cch chun thit b EPOCH LTC.
Chun thit b l qu trnh iu chnh thit b sao cho n o chnh xc trn vt
liu, s dng u d v nhit c th. EPOCH LTC c tnh nng chun t
ng tin tin, n cung cp qu trnh chun nhanh v d dng. Cc phn di
y s m t chi tit qui trnh chun
EPOCH LTC khi s dng bn loi u d c bn: u d thng, tr, bin
t kp v u d gc. thit lp thit b trc khi chun cn thc hin cc
bc sau:
n DISPLAY chn ch mn hnh chia
n 2ndF, VEL (REJECT) t mc thi loi 0%. n F1 hoc s dng phm
iu chnh gi tr v 0.
n GAIN chn gi tr khuch i ban u thch hp cho hiu chun.
iu chnh gi tr bng cc phm bm chc nng trc tip hoc cc phm v
. Nu gi tr khuch i thch hp cha bit, t gi tr ban u l 30 dB v iu
chnh n khi cn thit trong qu trnh chun.
n VEL nhp vn tc gn ng cho vt liu kim tra v iu chnh gi
tr bng cc phm chc nng hoc cc phm v . Nu gi tr vn tc cha
bit, tm gi tr vn tc khi im trong ph lc B ca hng dn s dng ny.
n phm RANGE xc lp di v sau iu chnh gi tr bng cch
s dng cc phm chc nng hoc cc phm , , , hoc .
n phm 2ndF, ANGLE (THICKNESS) nhp gi tr chiu dy vt liu
0.00 mm. n phm F1 hoc iu chnh gi tr v 0.
 44
n phm ZERO OFFSET t gi tr b im 0 l 0.00 s. n phm F1
hoc s dng phm hoc a xung pht v bn tri ca mn hnh.
n phm ANGLE nhp chnh xc gc khc x ca u d. S dng
cc phm chc nng tip cn cc gi tr nh sn hoc s dng cc phm v
iu chnh tng bc 0.10.
S dng u d ca Panametrics-NDTTM P/N A109S-RM vi tn s 5.0
MHz v ng knh bin t 13 mm thc hin chun mu vi u d thng.
Chun thit b yu cu mu chun c hai gi tr chiu dy bit trc c lm t
vt liu cn o. L tng nht l hai gi tr chiu dy nh hn v ln hn chiu
dy ca vt liu cn kim tra.

Hnh 2.12. Chun vi u d thng

Gi tr o chiu dy hin th bng c ch ln pha trn A-scan. Khi t
c gi tr c n nh, n phm ZERO OFFSET. Mn hnh ng bng v hp
thoi xut hin trn mn hnh.
 45

Hnh 2.13. Chun vi u d tr

Quy trnh chun mu di y c thc hin vi u d ca hng
Panametrics-NDTTM, P/N: V202-RM, tn s 10 MHz v ng knh bin t 6
mm. Chun thit b yu cu mu chun c hai gi tr chiu dy bit trc c
lm t vt liu cn o. L tng nht l hai gi tr chiu dy nh hn v ln hn
chiu dy ca vt liu cn kim tra.
 46

Hnh 2.14. Chun vi u d kp

Qui trnh chun mu di y c thc hin vi u d ca hng
Panametrics-NDTTM, P/N: DHC711-RM, tn s 5 MHz v ng knh bin t
6 mm. Chun thit b yu cu mu chun c hai gi tr chiu dy bit trc c
lm t vt liu cn o. L tng nht l hai gi tr chiu dy nh hn v ln hn
chiu dy ca vt liu cn kim tra.

Hnh 2.15.Chun vi u d gc
Qui trnh chun mu di y c thc hin vi u d ca hng
Panametrics-NDTTM, P/N: A420S-SB, tn s 2.25 MHz v kch thc bin t
0.625"x0.625". Nm 450, P/N: ABWS-6-45. Mu chun s dng cho qui trnh
ny nn dng ASTM E-164 IIW Type I hoc IIW Type II ca Khng qun M.
Cc bc sau s dng mu chun bng thp carbon Panametrics-
NDT IIW Type I, P/N: TB7541-1

Hnh 2.16.Chun di
 47

Hnh 2.17. Chun nhy

b. Kim tra bng chp bc x
K thut chp nh bc x m trong phim c t nm song song st
vi mt b mt no ca mi hn v ngun pht bc x c t pha b
mt cn li ca mi hn, ti mt khong cch no tnh t mi hn.

Hnh 2.18. Chp nh bc x kim tra cc mi hn ni bng 1 phim

Hnh 2.19. Chp nh bc x kim tra cc mi hn ni bng nhiu phim

Phi xc nh v tr t ngun pht bc x v phim mt cch cn thn v
thng thng cng mt lc ta khng th nhn thy c c hai pha mi hn.
 48
Trong trng hp cc tm phng c hn ni li vi nhau th cch b tr thc
hin kim tra bng chp nh bc x rt n gin nh c biu din.
Trong trng hp chp nh bc x kim tra cc mi hn ni trong cc ng
th phim c t mt mi hn trong ng (nu c) v ngun pht bc x
c t pha bn ngoi ng hoc ngc li.
Trong trng hp m c phim v ngun pht bc x u khng th t
c pha bn trong ng th c phim v ngun pht bc x u c t pha
bn ngoi ng hai pha i din nhau.
Cc mi hn vng thng c trong cc ng cng nh trong cc mu vt
c dng hnh cu. chp nh bc x kim tra cc mi hn vng trong ng c
th s dng nhng k thut sau:
Phim t pha bn trong, ngun t pha bn ngoi :
K thut ny ch s dng c khi ng ln cho php ta c th tip xc
c vi mt mi hn nm pha bn trong ng.

Hnh 2.20. Cch b tr phim t pha bn trong, ngun t pha bn ngoi

2.5.2. Khuyt tt ca mi hn, nguyn nhn bin php khc phc
Bng 2.3. Khuyt tt ca mi hn, nguyn nhn bin php khc phc

Ni dung Nguyn nhn Bin php khc phc

- Dng in hn yu - Chn li ch hn, dao
1. Mi hn khng
- Dao ng m hn khng ph ng m hn ph hp
ngu
hp - Dng ct khot hn li
- Do dng in qu ln. tc
- Chn li ch hn, phi c
hn nhanh, chiu di h quang
2. Khuyt cnh im dng hai bin
di khng c dng hai
- Hn b phn khuyt
bin .
- Tc hn phi ph hp,
- Tc hn nhanh, que hn
3. L hi khi hn phi sy que.
m, khng lm sch
- Gaw hn li
 49
- Dng in hn yu, khng - Chn li cng dng
4. Ln x lm sch cc lp, tc hn in cho ph hp
nhanh - Gaw hn li
- Gc que hn khng hp - Chnh gc que v dng
5. Chy s l,dng hn qu cao . in hn hp l
- Gaw hn li
Bi tp v sn phm thc hnh
Cu 1: Trnh by thnh phn tnh cht, tc dng ca kh Argoon; Heli?
Cu 2: Trnh by tnh nng tc dng ca que hn, phng php chn que
hn h quang tay?
Cu 3:Trnh by k thut hn ng 5G bng cng ngh hn (TIG +
SMAW)?
Cu 4: Bi tp thc hnh Hn ng 3G bng cng ngh hn (TIG +
SMAW)

Hnh 2.21. Bn v chi tit hn

Hng dn tr li cu hi
Cu 1:
- Tnh cht , thnh phn , tc dng ca kh Argn v He dng trong hn ng
cng ngh cao.
Cu 2:
- Tnh nng ca que hn
 50
+ Que hn v thuc Axt (A).
+ Que hn v thuc Baz (B).
+ Que hn v thuc h Hu c (O hoc C).
+ Que hn v thuc h Rutin (R).
- Phng php chn que hn h quang tay.
Cu 3:
- Chun b phi
- Cu trc ca mi hn
- Chn ch hn (TIG+SMAW)
- Gc ca m hn, que hn, que hn ph (TIG +SMAW)
- Chuyn ng ca m hn, que hn, que hn ph (TIG +SMAW) khi hn
lp lt, lp in y v lp hon thin.
 51
Bng 2.4. nh gi kt qu hc tp
Kt qu
Cch thc v thc
im
TT Tiu ch nh gi phng php hin ca
ti a
nh gi ngi
hc
I Kin thc
1 Vt liu hn TIG 1
1.1 Thnh phn, tnh cht, tc Vn p, i chiu 0,5
dng ca kh Ar; He vi ni dung bi
1.2 Cc loi in cc, tiu chun hc 0,5
in cc, theo AWS.A5.1.12
2 Vt liu hn SMAW 2
2.1 K hiu que hn theo tiu 1
chun Vit nam; ISO -2560; Lm bi t lun,
AWS(A.1;A.5) i chiu vi ni
dung bi hc
2.2 Tnh nng tc dng ca que 0,5
hn
2.3 Phng php chn que hn 0,5
3 K thut hn ng 5G bng 7
cng ngh hn (TIG +
SMAW)
1.1 Chun b phi 1
1.2 Thit b, dng c, vt liu. Lm bi t lun, 0,5
1.3 Hn lp lt bng TIG i chiu vi ni 1
dung bi hc
1.4 Hn lp in y bng 1,5
SMAW
1.5 Hn lp hon thin bng 1,5
SMAW
1.6 Kim tra sa cha khuyt tt 1,5
Cng: 10

II K nng

1 Hn TIG Quan st cc thao

tc, i chiu vi
4
bng hng dn
thc hin
 52
2 Hn SMAW Quan st cc thao
tc, i chiu vi
6
bng hng dn
thc hin

Cng: 10

III Thi

1 Tc phong cng nghip Theo di vic 4

1.1 i hc y , ng gi thc hin, i 1,5
chiu vi ni quy
1.2 Khng vi phm ni quy lp ca trng.
1,5
hc
1.3 Tnh cn thn, t m Quan st vic
thc hin bi tp 1

2 m bo thi gian thc hin Theo di thi gian

bi tp thc hin bi tp,
i chiu vi thi 2
gian quy nh.

3 m bo an ton lao ng v
4
v sinh cng nghip
Theo di vic
3.1 Tun th quy nh v an ton thc hin, i 1,5
3.2 y bo h lao ng (qun chiu vi quy
o bo h, giy, th hc sinh, nh v an ton v 1,5
gng tay len) v sinh cng
nghip
3.3 V sinh xng thc tp ng
1
quy nh
Cng: 10

KT QU HC TP

Kt qu Kt qu
Tiu ch nh gi H s
thc hin hc tp
Kin thc 0,3
K nng 0.4
Thi 0,3

Cng:
 53
BI 3: HN NG V TR 6G (TIG + SMAW)
M bi: M 27.3
Gii thiu:
K thut hn ng v tr 6G (TIG + SMAW) l t th hn phi hp cc t th
hn nh: Hn trn, hn ng v hn bng. ng c trc nghing vi mt phng
ngang 450c nh, khng quay khi hn. y l t th hn tng i kh, mi hn
hnh thnh trn mt trn, mt phng ng. Do trng lng git kim loi lng
lun lun c xu hng ri xung pha di lm cho mi hn hnh thnh kh khi
hn bng phng php hn SMAW.

Hnh 3.1. Hn 6G
Mc tiu:
- Trnh by k thut hn ng 6G bng cng ngh hn (TIG + SMAW) cc
loi ng chu p lc cao, ng chu nhit, chu n mn ho cht;
- Chun b dng c, thit b hn y , m bo yu cu k thut v an
ton;
- Chun b mp hn ng yu cu, lm sch ht cc vt du m, vt bn,
lp -xy ho;
- G phi hn chc chn ng v tr;
- Chn ch hn: Ih, Uh, ng knh vt liu hn, ng knh in cc,
lu lng kh, loi kh bo v;
- Hn c ni cc loi ng dn du, dn kh, ng chu p lc cao, ng
chu nhit, ng chu n mn ho cht v tr 6G, bng cng ngh hn (TIG +
SMAW) t yu cu;
- Tun th quy trnh, c thc c lp trong luyn tp.
Ni dung:
1. K thut hn TIG (6G)
Mc tiu:
- Trnh by c k thut hn ng 6G bng cng ngh hn TIG;
- Chun b c phi hn , chn ch hn;
 54
- Hn c mi hn lt bng cng ngh hn TIG m bo yu cu: b mt
mi hn phng, phn li u, cc phn ni khng b thiu ht;
- Tun th quy trnh, c thc c lp trong luyn tp.
1.1. Chun b phi
c nghin cu bn v, xc nh kch thc, kim tra k hiu ca vt
liu, tin hnh gia cng ct phi bng my ct chuyn dng, gia cng mp vt
ng quy nh.

Hnh 3.2. Bn v kt cu hn
V sinh: Mi b mt gc vt, mp cn. Mi b mt ca mu hn (tnh t mp
ra 30 - 40 mm).
a. Cu trc mi hn
Hn lp lt bng cng ngh hn TIG
Hn lp in y v lp hon thin bng h quang tay que hn c thuc
bc

Hnh 3.3. Cu trc mi hn

Lm sch du, m, ha cht, tin hnh g nh phi bng hn TIG theo
bn v. t mt ng ln bn g, hng mp vt ln trn, dng cn khe h khe h
bng mt li que hn un cong hnh ch U , t tip ng cn li ln trn, mp
vt c ghp li vi nhau thnh rnh hn.
b. Chn ch hn
 55
Lu lng kh bo v: 7lt/pht .
ng que hn: 2.4 .
ng knh in cc: 2.4 .
Cng dng in hn: Ih = 85 90 (A)
c. Quy cch mi hn nh
Cc mi nh i xng nhau
Chiu cao mi nh: 3-4 mm.
Chiu di mi nh: 20mm.

Hnh 3.4. Quy cch hn nh

1.2. Thit b - dng c v vt liu hn
a. My hn TIG DC/AC c chc nng hn h quang tay
b. Dng c:
Mt n hn
Gng tay
Tp d da
c. Vt liu:
Thp ng ( 48 150 mm)
Que hn ER 70 S 6; 2.4 mm
Kh bo v Ar ( Ar gon)
1.3. Hn lp lt:
a. Ch hn
Lu lng kh bo v: 7lt/pht .
ng que hn: 2.4 .
ng knh in cc: 2.4 .
Dng in: Ih = 85105 A
b. Gc ca m hn v que hn ph
Hn ng 6G kh thc hin hn hn ng 2G v 5G v v tr ca mi hn c
on t th hn nga ngi th kh thao tc.
Gc que hn so vi phng thng ng 1 gc l 700
Gc m hn so vi phng thng ng l 200
Que hn hp vi m hn 1 gc 900
 56

Hnh 3.5. Gc ca m hn, que hn ph

c. Chuyn ng ca m hn v que hn
M hn chuyn ng theo hnh dch rc (rng ca)

1.6 mm

Chuyn ng que hn
dng v dch d
c
Hnh 3.6. Chuyn ng ca m hn, que hn ph
Que hn chuyn ng tnh tin vo b hn tng lng kim loi p to
iu kin hnh thnh mi hn.
1.4. Hn TIG 6G( ng 76):
1.5. Hn TIG 6G( ng 90 SCH.80):
1.6. Hn TIG 6G( ng 114 SCH.80):
Bng 3.1. Hng dn thc hin
Tn
TT Thit b dng c Thao tc Yu cu
bc
1. c bn - c, phn tch - ng quy c, k
v hiu, kch thc ca
mi hn

2. Ct phi - My ct ng chuyn - Ly du - Ct ng kch

v gia dng - t phi trn thc
cng - Km kp phi bn g - Gia cng vt mp
- My mi - Ct phi chnh xc
3. Lm - My nh g - Chi dc sut - Sch cc g st
sch v - Pht nh g chiu di ca bm trn b mt ca
hn nh - Bn chi thp mp hn mt bn phi
- Knh bo h ngoi v bn - nh sang hai
- My hn TIG c c trong ng pha ca k hn t
 57
Tn
TT Thit b dng c Thao tc Yu cu
bc
chc nng hn h quang (2030)
tay - Chn ch - ng ng knh
hn nh que hn ph d= 2,4
- Dng in hn
Ih= 85 90 (A)
- nh ng quy
cch
4. Hn lp - My hn TIG c c - Chn ng - ng ng knh
lt chc nng hn h quang knh que hn que hn
( TIG) tay - Chn dng + Que hn ph
- Knh hn, km hn in hn d =2,4
- Bo h lao ng + Dng in hn
Ih= 85105 A
+ Lu lng kh
bo v:
7 lt/Pht
2. K thut hn SMAW (6G)
Mc tiu:
- Trnh by c k thut hn ng 6G bng cng ngh hn h quang tay;
- Chn ch hn cc lp hn ph hp;
- Hn c lp hn in y, lp hn hon thin bng cng ngh hn h
quang tay m bo yu cu: ng kch thc, b mt mi hn phng, khng
khuyt cnh, ng cc;
- Tun th quy trnh, c thc c lp trong luyn tp.
2.1. Thit b, sng c, vt liu
a. My hn TIG DC/AC c chc nng hn h quang tay
b. Dng c:
Mt n hn
Gng tay
Tp d da
c. Vt liu:
Thp ng ( 48 90)
Que hn E 7016 ( 2,5 3,2)
2.2. Hn lp in y
a. Ch hn
ng knh que hn d = 2,5 mm
Dng in hn Ih = 80 100 A
 58
b. Gc que hn v chuyn ng ca que hn
Trng hp th nht: Lp in y ch cn hn mt lt hn. Gc que hn
v phng php di chuyn nh hnh v.

1.6 mm

Chuyn ng que hn
dng v dch d
c

Hnh 3.7. Chuyn ng ca que hn khi hn lp in y th 1

Trng hp th hai: Lp in y cn nhiu ng hn. Gc que hn v
phng php di chuyn nh hnh v.
1

1.6 mm
-

Chuyn ng que hn
dng v dch d
c
Hnh 3.8. Chuyn ng ca que hn khi hn lp in y th 2
2.3. Hn lp ph (Lp hon thin)
a. Chn ch hn
ng knh que hn d = 3,2
Dng in hn Ih = 90 120 A
b. Gc que hn v chuyn ng ca que hn
Trng hp lp hon thin b rng nh ch cn hn mt ng hn l
xong, gc que hn v chuyn ng que hn nh hnh v.

Dng pha ngoi

cnh ca mp vt ng

750 - 850
 59
Hnh 3.9. Gc ca que hn v chuyn ng ca que hn khi b rng mi hn
nh
Trng hp b rng mi hn ln phi hn nhiu ng hn mi hon
thnh, yu cu mi hn phi c sp xp u, khng to thnh cc rnh khi hn
chng cc lp hn ln nhau. Gc que hn cng c thay i cho tng ng
hn, phng php di chuyn que hn nh hn cc lp hn bn trong.

1 0 0-1 5 0 1 /1 6 "
5 5
4 4
1 2 1 2 1 /1 6 "
3 3

1 0 0-1 5 0

Hnh 23.10.Gc ca que hn v chuyn ng ca que hn khi b rng mi

hn ln

2.4. Hn SMAW 6G ( ng 76)

2.5. Hn SMAW 6G ( ng 90 SCH.80)
2.6. Hn SMAW 6G ( ng 114 SCH.80)
Bng 3.2. Hng dn thc hin
Tn
TT Thit b dng c Thao tc Yu cu
bc
5. Hn lp - My hn TIG c c - Chn ch - ng ng knh
in y chc nng hn h quang hn que hn
SMAW tay - Gc que hn d = 2,5
- Knh hn, km hn -Phng php Ih= 80 100 A
- Que hn, ba g x hn chuyn ng que - ng nh hnh v
- Km kp phi hn
6. Hn lp - My hn TIG c c - Chn ch - ng ng knh
ph b chc nng hn h quang hn que hn
mt tay - Gc que hn d = 3,2
(hon - Knh hn, km hn -Phng php Ih= 90 120 A
thin - Que hn, ba g x hn chuyn ng que - ng nh hnh v
- Km kp phi hn
7. Kim - My siu m - c - c, o chnh xc
tra sa - Thc, dng - o, quan st
cha - c, khot cc
khuyt khuyt tt - Hn li
tt
 60
Tn
TT Thit b dng c Thao tc Yu cu
bc
8. Thu dn - D lau - Lau thit b - Sch bi trn bng
v sinh - Chi, d - Qut dn iu khin ca thit
ni thc b
tp - Qut sch x hn,
ct ni thc tp
3. Kim tra v sa cha khuyt tt
Mc tiu:
- Trnh by c phng php kim tra nh gi cht lng mi hn;
- Thc hin c cc phng php kim tra nh gi cht lng mi hn;
- Tun th ng quy trnh kim tra nh gi cht lng mi hn.
3.1. Phng php kim tra
- Kim tra mi hn bng my siu m
+ u d pht ra chm tia siu m truyn theo ng thng; ng siu m
t u d l sng dc . Khi i vo vt hn vi cc gc cho chuyn thnh sng
ngang.

Hnh 3.11. S khc x v chuyn i loi sng

i vi sng dc ti
- Sng ngang trong vt hn gp bt lin tc s phn x li
- Gii on trn mn hnh xc nh bn cht v kch thc khuyt tt.
- Phng php kim tra bng siu m da trn c s nghin cu s lan
truyn v tng tc ca cc dao ng n hi (phn x, khc x, hp th, tn x)
c tn s cao c truyn vo vt th cn kim tra.
Nguyn l c bn ca
kim tra bng siu m
 61
Hnh 3.12. S nguyn l: 1- u d pht; 2-vt kim; 3- khuyt tt; 4- u d
thu (truyn qua); 5- u d thu (phn hi)
Sng siu m truyn qua mi trng km theo s suy gim nng lng do
tnh cht ca mi trng. Cng sng m hoc c o sau khi phn x
(xung phn hi) ti cc mt phn cch (khuyt tt) hoc o ti b mt i din
ca vt kim tra (xung truyn qua). Chm sng m phn x c pht hin v
phn tch xc nh s c mt ca khuyt tt v v tr ca n. Mc phn x
ph thuc nhiu vo trng thi vt l ca vt liu pha i din vi b mt
phn cch v phm vi nh hn vo cc tnh cht vt l c trng ca vt liu
.
+ Dng c thit b vt t
My siu m EPOCH LTC, mu chun, m tip m
+Trnh t thc hin
Chun my EPOCH LTC, Chng ny m t cch chun thit b EPOCH
LTC.
Chun thit b l qu trnh iu chnh thit b sao cho n o chnh xc trn
vt liu, s dng u d v nhit c th. EPOCH LTC c tnh nng chun
t ng tin tin, n cung cp qu trnh chun nhanh v d dng. Cc phn di
y s m t chi tit qui trnh chun EPOCH LTC khi s dng bn loi u d
c bn: u d thng, tr, bin t kp v u d gc.
3.1.1 Chun b
thit lp thit b trc khi chun cn thc hin cc bc sau:
n DISPLAY chn ch mn hnh chia
n 2ndF, VEL (REJECT) t mc thi loi 0%. n F1 hoc s dng phm
iu chnh gi tr v 0.
n GAIN chn gi tr khuch i ban u thch hp cho hiu chun.
iu chnh gi tr bng cc phm bm chc nng trc tip hoc cc phm v
. Nu gi tr khuch i thch hp cha bit, t gi tr ban u l 30 dB v iu
chnh n khi cn thit trong qu trnh chun.
n VEL nhp vn tc gn ng cho vt liu kim tra v iu chnh gi
tr bng cc phm chc nng hoc cc phm v . Nu gi tr vn tc cha
bit, tm gi tr vn tc khi im trong ph lc B ca hng dn s dng ny.
n phm RANGE xc lp di v sau iu chnh gi tr bng cch
s dng cc phm chc nng hoc cc phm , , , hoc .
n phm 2ndF, ANGLE (THICKNESS) nhp gi tr chiu dy vt liu
0.00 mm. n phm F1 hoc iu chnh gi tr v 0
n phm ZERO OFFSET t gi tr b im 0 l 0.00 s. n phm F1
hoc s dng phm hoc a xung pht v bn tri ca mn hnh.
n phm ANGLE nhp chnh xc gc khc x ca u d. S dng
cc phm chc nng tip cn cc gi tr nh sn hoc s dng cc phm v
iu chnh tng bc 0.10.
3.2.2. Chun vi u d thng
S dng u d ca Panametrics-NDTTM P/N A109S-RM vi tn s 5.0
MHz v ng knh bin t 13 mm thc hin chun mu vi u d thng.
Chun thit b yu cu mu chun c hai gi tr chiu dy bit trc c lm t
 62
vt liu cn o. L tng nht l hai gi tr chiu dy nh hn v ln hn chiu
dy ca vt liu cn kim tra.

Hnh 3.13. Chun u d thng

Gi tr o chiu dy hin th bng c ch ln pha trn A-scan. Khi t
c gi tr c n nh, n phm ZERO OFFSET. Mn hnh ng bng v hp
thoi xut hin trn mn hnh.

Hnh 3.14. Chun u d tr

Quy trnh chun mu di y c thc hin vi u d ca hng
Panametrics-NDTTM, P/N: V202-RM, tn s 10 MHz v ng knh bin t 6
mm. Chun thit b yu cu mu chun c hai gi tr chiu dy bit trc c
lm t vt liu cn o. L tng nht l hai gi tr chiu dy nh hn v ln hn
chiu dy ca vt liu cn kim tra.
 63

Hnh 3.15. Chun vi u d kp

Qui trnh chun mu di y c thc hin vi u d ca hng
Panametrics-NDTTM, P/N: DHC711-RM, tn s 5 MHz v ng knh bin t
6 mm. Chun thit b yu cu mu chun c hai gi tr chiu dy bit trc c
lm t vt liu cn o. L tng nht l hai gi tr chiu dy nh hn v ln hn
chiu dy ca vt liu cn kim tra.
 64

Hnh 3.16. Chun vi u d gc

Qui trnh chun mu di y c thc hin vi u d ca hng
Panametrics-NDTTM, P/N: A420S-SB, tn s 2.25 MHz v kch thc bin t
0.625"x0.625". Nm 450, P/N: ABWS-6-45. Mu chun s dng cho qui trnh
ny nn dng ASTM E-164 IIW Type I hoc IIW Type II ca Khng qun M.
Cc bc sau s dng mu chun bng thp carbon Panametrics-
NDT IIW Type I, P/N: TB7541-1

Kim tra gc pht khc x

Hnh 3.17. Chun di

Hnh 3.18. Chun nhy

- Kim tra bng chp bc x

 65
K thut chp nh bc x m trong phim c t nm song song st
vi mt b mt no ca mi hn v ngun pht bc x c t pha b
mt cn li ca mi hn, ti mt khong cch no tnh t mi hn.

Hnh 3.19. Chp nh bc x kim tra cc mi hn ni bng 1 phim

Hnh 3.20. Chp nh bc x kim tra cc mi hn ni bng nhiu phim

Phi xc nh v tr t ngun pht bc x v phim mt cch cn thn v
thng thng cng mt lc ta khng th nhn thy c c hai pha mi hn.
Trong trng hp cc tm phng c hn ni li vi nhau th cch b tr thc
hin kim tra bng chp nh bc x rt n gin nh c biu din.
Trong trng hp chp nh bc x kim tra cc mi hn ni trong cc ng
th phim c t mt mi hn trong ng (nu c) v ngun pht bc x
c t pha bn ngoi ng hoc ngc li.
Trong trng hp m c phim v ngun pht bc x u khng th t
c pha bn trong ng th c phim v ngun pht bc x u c t pha
bn ngoi ng hai pha i din nhau.
Cc mi hn vng thng c trong cc ng cng nh trong cc mu vt
c dng hnh cu. chp nh bc x kim tra cc mi hn vng trong ng c
th s dng nhng k thut sau:
* Phim t pha bn trong, ngun t pha bn ngoi :
K thut ny ch s dng c khi ng ln cho php ta c th tip xc
c vi mt mi hn nm pha bn trong ng.
 66

Hnh 3.21. Cch b tr phim t pha bn trong, ngun t pha bn ngoi.

3.2. Khuyt tt ca mi hn, nguyn nhn bin php khc phc
Bng 3.3. Khuyt tt ca mi hn, nguyn nhn bin php khc phc
Ni dung Nguyn nhn Bin php khc phc
- Dng in hn yu - Chn li ch hn, dao
1. Mi hn khng
- Dao ng m hn khng ph ng m hn ph hp
ngu
hp - Dng ct khot hn li
- Do dng in qu ln. tc
- Chn li ch hn, phi c
hn nhanh, chiu di h quang
2. Khuyt cnh im dng hai bin
di khng c dng hai
- Hn b phn khuyt
bin .
- Tc hn phi ph hp,
- Tc hn nhanh, que hn
3. L hi khi hn phi sy que.
m, khng lm sch
- Gaw hn li
- Dng in hn yu, khng - Chn li cng dng
4. Ln x lm sch cc lp, tc hn in cho ph hp
nhanh - Gaw hn li
- Gc que hn khng hp l, - Chnh gc que v dng
5. Chy s dng hn qu cao . in hn hp l
- Gaw hn li

BI TP THC HNH CA HC VIN

Cu 1: Trnh by thnh phn tnh cht, tc dng ca kh Argoon; Heli?
Cu 2: Trnh by tnh nng tc dng ca que hn, phng php chn que
hn h quang tay?
Cu 3: Trnh by k thut hn ng 5G bng cng ngh hn (TIG +
SMAW)?
Cu 4: Bi tp thc hnh
Hn ng 2G bng cng ngh hn (TIG + SMAW
 67

Hnh 3.22. Bn v chi tit hn

Hng dn tr li cu hi
Cu 1:
- Tnh cht , thnh phn , tc dng ca kh Argn v He dng trong hn ng
cng ngh cao.
Cu 2:
- Tnh nng ca que hn
+ Que hn v thuc Axt (A).
+ Que hn v thuc Baz (B).
+ Que hn v thuc h Hu c (O hoc C).
+ Que hn v thuc h Rutin (R).
- Phng php chn que hn h quang tay.
Cu 3:
- Chun b phi
- Cu trc ca mi hn
- Chn ch hn (TIG+SMAW)
- Gc ca m hn, que hn, que hn ph (TIG +SMAW)
- Chuyn ng ca m hn, que hn, que hn ph (TIG +SMAW) khi hn lp
lt, lp in y v lp hon thin.
 68

Bng 3.4.nh gi kt qu hc tp

Kt qu
Cch thc v thc
im
TT Tiu ch nh gi phng php hin ca
ti a
nh gi ngi
hc
I Kin thc
1 Vt liu hn TIG 1
1.1 Thnh phn, tnh cht, tc Vn p, i chiu 0,5
dng ca kh Ar; He vi ni dung bi
1.2 Cc loi in cc, tiu chun hc 0,5
in cc, theo AWS.A5.1.12
2 Vt liu hn SMAW 2
2.1 K hiu que hn theo tiu 1
chun Vit nam; ISO -2560; Lm bi t lun,
AWS(A.1;A.5) i chiu vi ni
2.2 Tnh nng tc dng ca que dung bi hc
0,5
hn
2.3 Phng php chn que hn 0,5

3 K thut hn ng 6G bng 7
cng ngh hn (TIG +
SMAW)
1.1 Chun b phi 1
1.2 Thit b, dng c, vt liu. Lm bi t lun, 0,5
i chiu vi ni
1.3 Hn lp lt bng TIG 1
dung bi hc
1.4 Hn lp in y bng 1,5
SMAW
1.5 Hn lp hon thin bng 1,5
SMAW
1.6 Kim tra sa cha khuyt tt 1,5
Cng: 10
II K nng

1 Hn TIG Quan st cc thao 4

tc, i chiu vi
bng hng dn
 69
thc hin
2 Hn SMAW Quan st cc thao
tc, i chiu vi
6
bng hng dn
thc hin
Cng: 10
III Thi

1 Tc phong cng nghip Theo di vic 4

1.1 i hc y , ng gi thc hin, i 1,5
1.2 Khng vi phm ni quy lp chiu vi ni quy
ca trng. 1,5
hc
1.3 Tnh cn thn, t m Quan st vic
thc hin bi tp 1
2 m bo thi gian thc hin Theo di thi gian
bi tp thc hin bi tp,
i chiu vi thi 2
gian quy nh.
3 m bo an ton lao ng v
v sinh cng nghip 4
Theo di vic
3.1 Tun th quy nh v an ton thc hin, i 1,5
3.2 y bo h lao ng (qun chiu vi quy
o bo h, giy, th hc sinh, nh v an ton v 1,5
gng tay len) v sinh cng
3.3 V sinh xng thc tp ng nghip
quy nh 1
Cng: 10

KT QU HC TP

Kt qu Kt qu
Tiu ch nh gi H s
thc hin hc tp
Kin thc 0,3
K nng 0,4
Thi 0,3
Cng:
 70
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1]. Trng Cng t - K Thut Hn- NXBKHKT H Ni 1977
[2]. Ng Xun Thng- Cng ngh hn in nng chy (tp 1 c s l thuyt)-
NXBKHKT- 2004.
[3]. Lu Vn Huy, Tn Dn- K thut hn- NXBKHKT- 2006
[4]. Trung tm o to v chuyn giao cng ngh Vit c, Chng trnh
o to Chuyn gia hn quc t, 2006.
[5]. Nguyn Thc H, Bi Vn Hnh- Gio trnh cng ngh hn- NXBGD-
2002
[6]. Ng L Thng - Cng ngh hn in nng chy (tp1- c s l thuyt)
NXBGD- 2004.
[7]. Trung tm o to v chuyn giao cng ngh Vit c, Chng trnh
o to Chuyn gia hn quc t, 2006.
[8]. Metal and How to weld them - the James F.Lincoln Arc Welding Foundation
(USA) 1990.
[9]. The Procedure Handbook of Arc Welding the Lincoln Electric Company
(USA) by Richart S.Sabo 1995.
[10]. Welding science & Technology Volume 1 American Welding Society
(AWS) by 2006.
[11]. ASME Section IX, Welding and Brazing Qualifications, American
Societyt mechanical Engineer, 2007.
[12]. AWS D1.1, Welding Structure Steel, American Welding Society, 2008
[13]. The Welding Institute (TWI), Welding Inspection, Training and
Examination Services.