Professional Documents
Culture Documents
5 – 12 Mar 2010)
Pressure Vessels
For
BEGINNERS
This guide is exclusively prepared for training purpose. Relevant specifications, codes &
special requirements of specific project are to be referred for more detailed information
during construction. Examples provided are only for the purpose of illustration.
The objective is to be familiar with Basic / Fundamental concepts of the code.
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ASME Sec VIII Div 1– Basics – nrs (Rev.5 – 12 Mar 2010)
Corrective Committee
ASME Code
action ASME sponsor
Definitions:
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ASME Sec VIII Div 1– Basics – nrs (Rev.5 – 12 Mar 2010)
ASME
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Code Books: New issuance every 3 Years
Edition 2007: White pages (loose-leaf format)
Addenda 2008: Pink Pages (replacement)
Addenda 2009: Blue Pages (replacement)
Contents:
(1) Mandatory requirements,
(2) Specific prohibitions
(2) Non-mandatory guidance
Interpretations:
ASME’s written replies to inquiries concerning
interpretation of technical aspects of the Code.
Issued semi annually (July and Dec) as
separate document.
CODE CASES:
Proposed additions and revisions to the Code.
(to clarify the intent of existing requirements)
or
To provide rules not covered by existing Code.
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ASME Sec VIII Div 1– Basics – nrs (Rev.5 – 12 Mar 2010)
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ASME Sec VIII Div 1– Basics – nrs (Rev.5 – 12 Mar 2010)
Sub section C
Classes of
Materials
Sub section B
Method of
Fabrication
Sub section A
General
Requirements
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ASME Sec VIII Div 1– Basics – nrs (Rev.5 – 12 Mar 2010)
Unfired Vessel: U
General : UG
Welding : UW
Carbon Steel: UCS
……..and so on
Title SCOPE
0mm U-1
4 mm U-1(a)
7 mm U-1(a)(1)
12 mm (a)
15 mm (1)
Numeric-(Alphabetic)-(Numeric)
(Alphabetic)
(Numeric)
The Code does not address all aspects of these activities and those aspects which
are not specifically addressed should not be considered prohibited.
The Code is not a handbook and cannot replace education, experience, and the use of
engineering judgment. The phrase engineering judgment refers to technical
judgments made by knowledgeable designers experienced in the application of
the Code.
Engineering judgments must be consistent with Code philosophy and such
judgments must never be used to overrule mandatory requirements or specific
prohibitions of the Code.
The Code does not fully address tolerances. When dimensions, sizes, or other
parameters are not specified with tolerances, the values of these parameters are
considered nominal and allowable tolerances or local variances may be considered
acceptable when based on engineering judgment and standard practices as determined
by the designer.
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ASME Sec VIII Div 1– Basics – nrs (Rev.5 – 12 Mar 2010)
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ASME Sec VIII Div 1– Basics – nrs (Rev.5 – 12 Mar 2010)
Sub Section A
PART UG :
General Requirements
(Common for Sub section B and C)
Fill Here !
Excercise
Materials UG 4 - UG 15
Design
Openings
Stay
Ligament
Fabrication
Inspection & Tests
Marking & Reports
Pr Relief
Figures
Tables
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ASME Sec VIII Div 1– Basics – nrs (Rev.5 – 12 Mar 2010)
485 MPa
70,000 PSI (70 KSI)
Example:
(70 KSI) SA Metric516M Grade 485)
516 Grade 70 (SA UTS
UTS
S (allowable stress used in design for Temperature upto 500°F) = 20,000 PSI
[Page 16 of Sec II Part D – U.S Customary]
F.S = 38 / 20
= 1.9
For any single equation, all variables shall be expressed in a single system of units.
When separate equations are provided for U.S. Customary and SI units, those equations
must be executed using variables in the units associated with the specific equation.
Therefore
Do not mix two system of units in calculations.
Sec II Part D ( The stress values) is issued in two versions
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ASME Sec VIII Div 1– Basics – nrs (Rev.5 – 12 Mar 2010)
Thin Thick
Limiting proportions (approx)
Di/t > 20 Di/t < 25
The dividing line between thin and thick - is not hard and fast.
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ASME Sec VIII Div 1– Basics – nrs (Rev.5 – 12 Mar 2010)
Conclusion:
Cir seam weld is TWICE stronger than Long seam weld when subjected to pressure.
Therefore
Long seams are Category A : Cir seams are Category B
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ASME Sec VIII Div 1– Basics – nrs (Rev.5 – 12 Mar 2010)
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ASME Sec VIII Div 1– Basics – nrs (Rev.5 – 12 Mar 2010)
(1) For plates,2 the vessel Manufacturer shall obtain the material
test report or certificate of compliance as provided for in the
material specification and the Inspector shall examine the Material
Test Report or certificate of compliance and shall determine that it
represents the material and meets the requirements of the
material specification.
(2) For all other product forms, the material shall be accepted as
complying with the material specification if the material
specification provides for the marking of each piece with the
specification designation, including the grade, type, and class if
applicable, and each piece is so marked.
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ASME Sec VIII Div 1– Basics – nrs (Rev.5 – 12 Mar 2010)
“ RT 1” when all pressure-retaining butt welds, other than Category B and C butt
welds associated with nozzles and communicating chambers that neither
exceed NPS 10 (DN 250) nor 11⁄8 in. (29 mm) wall thickness [except as
required by UHT-57(a)], satisfy the full radiography requirements of UW-
11(a) for their full length; full radiography of the above exempted Category
B and C butt welds, if performed, may be recorded on the Manufacturer’s
Data Report; or
“ RT 4” when only part of the complete vessel has satisfied the radiographic
requirements of UW-11(a) or where none of the markings “RT 1,” “RT 2,” or
“RT 3” are applicable.
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ASME Sec VIII Div 1– Basics – nrs (Rev.5 – 12 Mar 2010)
Sub Section B
PART UW :
Welding Requirements
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ASME Sec VIII Div 1– Basics – nrs (Rev.5 – 12 Mar 2010)
Joint Categories
Thickness (mm) A B, C, & D
Up to 13, incl. ¼t ¼t
Over 13 to 19, incl. 3 mm ¼t
Over 19 to 38, incl. 3 mm 5 mm
Over 38 to 51, incl. 3 mm ⅛t
Over 51 Lesser of 1⁄16t or 10mm Lesser of ⅛ t or 19 mm
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ASME Sec VIII Div 1– Basics – nrs (Rev.5 – 12 Mar 2010)
R
Rectify original repair
All weld is accepted
A A
A R
Remove entire weld and reweld…
Or
100% RT and rectify the repairs
R
R R
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ASME Sec VIII Div 1– Basics – nrs (Rev.5 – 12 Mar 2010)
Sub Section C
PART UCS :
Material Requirements
TABLE UCS-56
POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR CARBON AND LOW ALLOY STEELS
NOTES:
(1) When it is impractical to postweld heat treat at the temperature specified in this
Table, it is permissible to carry out the postweld heat treatment at lower
temperatures for longer periods of time in accordance with Table UCS-56.1.
(2) Postweld heat treatment is mandatory under the following conditions:
(a) for welded joints over 1½ in. (38 mm) nominal thickness;
(b) for welded joints over 11⁄4 in. (32 mm) nominal thickness through 11⁄2 in.
(38 mm) nominal thickness unless preheat is applied at a minimum
temperature of 200°F (95°C) during welding;
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ASME Sec VIII Div 1– Basics – nrs (Rev.5 – 12 Mar 2010)
(c) for welded joints of all thicknesses if required by UW-2, except postweld
heat treatment is not mandatory under the conditions specified below:
(1) for groove welds not over ½in. (13 mm) size and fillet welds with a
throat not over ½in. (13 mm) that attach nozzle connections that have
a finished inside diameter not greater than 2 in. (50 mm), provided
the connections do not form ligaments that require an increase in shell
or head thickness, and preheat to a minimum temperature of 200°F
(95°C) is applied;
(2) for groove welds not over 1⁄2 in. (13 mm) in size or fillet welds with a
throat thickness of 1⁄2 in. (13 mm) or less that attach tubes to a
tubesheet when the tube diameter does not exceed 2 in. (50 mm). A
preheat of 200°F (95°C) minimum must be applied when the carbon
content of the tubesheet exceeds 0.22%.
(3) for groove welds not over 1⁄2 in. (13 mm) in size or fillet welds with a
throat thickness of 1⁄2 in. (13 mm) or less used for attaching
nonpressure parts to pressure parts provided preheat to a minimum
temperature of 200°F (95°C) is applied when the thickness of the
pressure part exceeds 11⁄4 in. (32 mm);
(4) for studs welded to pressure parts provided preheat to a minimum
temperature of 200°F (95°C) is applied when the thickness of the
pressure part exceeds 11⁄4 in. (32 mm);
(5) for corrosion resistant weld metal overlay cladding or for welds
attaching corrosion resistant applied lining (see UCL-34) provided
preheat to a minimum temperature of 200°F (95°C) is maintained
during application of the first layer when the thickness of the pressure
part exceeds 11⁄4 in. (32 mm).
…….and so on
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ASME Sec VIII Div 1– Basics – nrs (Rev.5 – 12 Mar 2010)
Establish nominal thickness [Note (1)] of welded parts, non welded parts, and
attachments under consideration both before and after corrosion allowance is
deducted (tn and tn – c, respectively), and other pertinent data applicable to the
nominal thickness such as:
All applicable loadings [Note (2)] and coincident minimum design metal temperature
(MDMT)
Repeat for all governing thicknesses [Note (5)] and take warmest
value as the lowest allowable MDMT to be marked on nameplate
for the zone under consideration [Note (10)]. See UG-116.
See UG-99(h) for coldest recommended metal temperature during
hydrostatic test [Note (6)].
Step 6
See UG-100(c) for coldest metal temperature permitted during
pneumatic test [Note (6)].
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ASME Sec VIII Div 1– Basics – nrs (Rev.5 – 12 Mar 2010)
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ASME Sec VIII Div 1– Basics – nrs (Rev.5 – 12 Mar 2010)
(b) except for cast steels, all materials of Curve A if produced to fine grain
practice and normalized which are not listed in Curves C and D below;
(c) all pipe, fittings, forgings and tubing not listed for Curves C and D below;
(d) parts permitted under UG-11 shall be included in Curve B even when
fabricated from plate that otherwise would be assigned to a different curve.
(3) Curve C applies to:
(a) SA-182 Grades 21 and 22 if normalized and tempered
SA-302 Grades C and D
SA-336 F21 and F22 if normalized and tempered
SA-387 Grades 21 and 22 if normalized and tempered
SA-516 Grades 55 and 60 if not normalized
SA-533 Grades B and C
SA-662 Grade A;
(b) all material of Curve B if produced to fine grain practice and normalized and
not listed for Curve D below.
(4) Curve D applies to:
SA-203
SA-508 Grade 1
SA-516 if normalized
SA-524 Classes 1 and 2
SA-537 Classes 1, 2, and 3
SA-612 if normalized
SA-662 if normalized
SA-738 Grade A
SA-738 Grade A with Cb and V deliberately added in accordance with the
provisions of the material specification, not colder than −20°F (−29°C)
SA-738 Grade B not colder than −20°F (−29°C)
SA/AS 1548 Grades 7-430, 7-460, and 7-490 if normalized
SA/EN 10028-2 P295GH if normalized [see Note (e)(3)]
SA/EN 10028-3 P275NH
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ASME Sec VIII Div 1– Basics – nrs (Rev.5 – 12 Mar 2010)
MANDATORY APPENDIX 8
METHODS FOR
LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION (PT)
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ASME Sec VIII Div 1– Basics – nrs (Rev.5 – 12 Mar 2010)
Code Interpretations
-----------------------------------------------------
Interpretation: VIII-1-01-02
Subject: Section VIII, Division 1 (1998 Edition, 1999
Addenda); UG-99(g)
Date Issued: September 8, 2000
File: BC00-393
Reply: Yes.
-----------------------------------------------------
Interpretation: VIII-1-98-86
Subject: Section VIII, Division 1 (1998 Edition, 1998 Addenda);
UG-99(b) and (c)
Date Issued: October 25, 1999
File: BC99-346
Reply: No.
-----------------------------------------------------
Interpretation: VIII-1-98-110
Subject: Section VIII, Division 1 (1998 Edition, 1999 Addenda);
UW-40(c) and UCS-56(d)(3)
Date Issued: March 22, 2000
File: BC00-082
Reply: No.
-----------------------------------------------------
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ASME Sec VIII Div 1– Basics – nrs (Rev.5 – 12 Mar 2010)
Interpretation: VIII-1-01-85
Subject: Section VIII, Division 1 (1998 Edition, 2000 Addenda);
UW-31(d) and UW-33(a)
Date Issued: September 24, 2001
File: BC01-325
Question(1):In meeting the requirements of Section VIII, Division 1,
may the over thickness tolerance, as permitted by the
plate specification, be excluded from the maximum offset
in evaluating the alignment tolerances of UW-31(d) and
UW-33?
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ASME Sec VIII Div 1– Basics – nrs (Rev.5 – 12 Mar 2010)
Information
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