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Trial Validation
Trial Validation
###
Solution, general:- There are four components of design.
(I) Design of long wall (II) Design of short wall
(III) Design of roof slab (IV) Design of base slab
The design of walls will be done under two condition.
(a) Tank full with water, with no earth fill out side.
(b) Tank empty, with full earth pressure due to saturated earth fill.
The base slab will be designed for uplift pressure and the hole tank is to be tasted against
floatation. As the L/B ratio is greater than 2 the long wall will be designed as cantilever. The bottom one metre ( >H /
4) of short walls will be designed as cantilever while the top portion will designed as slab supported by long walls .
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whichever is more, beyond this point. Hence curtail half the bars at 0.83 + 0.31 = 1.15 m from base.
Similarly, depth where only 0.25% reinforcement is requiredd is h=H(0.25)1/3= 4.00 x( 0.25 )1/3=
\ Height from the base = 4.00 - 2.52 = 1.48 m However as per code requirement,
the bars are to be continued further for distance of 12 F = 12 x 20 = 240 mm or d = 310
whichever is more, beyond this point. Hence curtail half the bars at 1.48 + 0.31 = 1.80 m from base.
330 - 100
Minimum, % Reinforcement = 0.3 - 0.1 x = 0.234286 %
450 - 100
330 x 1000
Min = 0.2343 x = 773 mm2
100
This is > Than 0.25 % of Ast at bottom . Hence above curtalment is not permissible
Hence the reinforcement will be provid as under,
(I) At base : 20 mm f bars @ 100 mm c/c
(II) At 1.15 m above base , up to top : 20 mm f bars @ 200 mm c/c
Direct tensio on long wall:- Since the top portion of short wall act as slab supported on long walls,
the water pressure acting on short walls will cause in long walls.
B 4.00
PL= P x Where p= 10000 x = 20000 N/m2 at 1.00 m height
2 2
4.00
\ PL = 20000 x = 40000 N, As required = 40000 / 130 = 308
2
Area of distribution steel provided in horizontal direction = 785 mm2
Hece distribution steel will take direct tension.
### Design of short walls :-
(a) Tank empty, with pressure of satureted soil from outside.
(I) Top Portion . The bottom 1.00 m act as cantilever, while the remaining 3.00
act as slab supported on long walls.
Pa = KaY' (H-h) + Yw (H-h) = 0.33 x 6000 x 3.00 + 10000 x 3.00 = 6000 + 30000
= 36000 N/m2
PaL2 36000 x 4.00 2
Mf (at supports ) = = = 48000 N-m (causing tension out side )
12 12
PaL2 PaL2 36000 x 4.00 2 N-m (causing
M ( at centre ) = - Mf = = = 24000
8 24 24 tension in side )
d = 330 - ( 40 + 20 ) = 310 mm
48000000
At Supports, Ast = = 1384 mm2
130 x 0.861 x 310
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 16 x 16
using ### mm bars A = = = 201
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 201 / 1384 = 145 say = 140 mm
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ 140 mm c/c at the out side face at 3.00 m below the top
At mid span, Ast = 1384 x 0.5 = 692 mm 2
minimum Ast = 773
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 16 x 16
using ### mm bars A = = = 201
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 201 / 773 = 260 say = 250 mm
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ 250 mm c/c at inner side face
(III) Bottom portion The bottom 1.00 m will bend as cantilever.
Intensity of earth pressure at bottom = 48000 N/m2
1 1 (with tension at out side
\ M = x 48000 x 1 x = 8000 N-m
2 3 face)
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8000 x 1000
\ Ast = = 231 mm2
130 x 0.861 x 310
Minimum steel @ 0.234 % "= 773 mm2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 16 x 16
using ### mm bars A = = = 201
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 201 / 773 = 260 say = 250 mm
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ 250 mm c/c at out side face, in vertical direction for
bottom 1.00 m height. The spacing can be doubled for upper portion.
(III) Direct compression in short walls:-
Though the long walls bend as cantilever, it is observed that end 1.00
width of long wall contributes to push in short walla, due to earth pressure, and its magnitude is given by
PBC = Pa x 1 = 36000 x 1 = 36000 N
This is quite small, and hence its effect has not been considered.
(b) Tank full with water , and no earth fill out side.
(I) Top Portion . The bottom 1.00 m act as cantilever, while the remaining 3.00
act as slab supported on long walls.
p = w (H-h) = 10000 x( 4.00 - 1.00 )= 30000 N/m2
PB2 30000 x 4.00 2 causing tension at
Mf (at supports ) = = = 40000 N-m
12 12 the inside
PB2 30000 x 4.00 2 causing tension at
Mc (At centre) = = = 20000 N-m
24 24 the outside
Direct tension in short wall:- Due to water pressure on the end 1.00 metre width of long wall is
pB = w (H-h) x1 = 10000 x( 4.00 - 1.00 )x 1.0 = 30000 N/m2
Effective d, for horizontal steel = 310 mm
\ Distance = (x - d ) x T / 2 = 310 - 330 / 2 = 145 mm
Mf - PB.x PB
Hence net B.M. = M - PB. x \ Ast1 = Ast2 =
sst,j.d ss
At inside face (end of short walls)
Mf - PB.x 40000 x 1000 - 30000 x 145
Ast1 = = = 1028 mm2
sst,j.d 130 x 0.861 x 310
PB 30000
Ast2 = = = 231 mm2 \ total Ast = 1028 + 231 = 1259
ss 130
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 16 x 16
using ### mm bars A = = = 201
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 201 / 1259 = 160 say = 150 mm
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ 150 mm c/c at the inner face,
At the out side face (middle of short walls)
Mc - PB.x 20000 x 1000 - 30000 x 145
Ast1 = = = 451 mm2
sst , j . d 130 x 0.861 x 310
PB 30000
Ast2 = = = 231 mm2 \ total Ast = 451 + 231 = 682
ss 130
Minimum reinforcement required = 773 mm2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 16 x 16
using ### mm bars A = = = 201
using ### mm bars A = = = 201
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 201 / 773 = 260 say = 250 mm
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ 250 mm c/c at the outside face,
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(III) Bottom portion The bottom 1.00 m will bend as cantilever.
P (at bottom) = 40000 N/m2 (stap 3)
1 1 with tension at in side
\ M = x 40000 x 1 x = 6667 N-m
2 3 face
6667 x 1000
\ Ast = = 192 mm2
130 x 0.861 x 310
Minimum steel @ 0.234 % = 773 mm2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 16 x 16
using ### mm bars A = = = 201
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 201 / 773 = 260 say = 250 mm
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ 250 mm c/c at out side face, in vertical direction for
bottom 1.00 m height. The spacing can be doubled for upper portion.
( C) Summary of reinforcement in short walls.
(I) Horizontal reifocement at inner face:
For lateral earth pressure, horizontal reinfocement require is 16 mm f @ 250 mm c/c in the mid span
For water pressure, horizontal reinforcement required is 16 mm f @ 150 mm c/c at the ends.
Hence provided greater one of two reinforcement.
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ 150 mm c/c at inner face at, 3.00 m from top.
At top 1 m height, the pressure will be reduced to half the value ;
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ 250 mm c/c at for the top 1.00 m height.
(II) Horizontal reinfocement for outer face;
For lateral earth pressure, horizontal reinfocement require is 16 mm f @ 140 mm c/c in the mid span
For water pressure, horizontal reinforcement required is 16 mm f @ 250 mm c/c at the ends.
Hence provided greater one of two reinforcement.
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ 140 mm c/c at inner face at, 0.00 m from top.
At top 1 m height, the pressure will be reduced to half the value ;
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ 250 mm c/c at for the top 1.00 m height.
(III) Vertical reinforcement at inner face;
provide 16 mm F bar, @ 250 mm c/c at the inner face, for bottom 1.00 m height
the spacing can be double for upper portion.
(IV) Vertical reinforcement at outer face;
provide 16 mm F bar, @ 250 mm c/c at the Outer face, for bottom 1.00 m height
the spacing can be double for upper portion.
### Design of top slab:-
L/B = 10.00 / 4.00 = 2.5 Hence top slab will be design as one way slab.
Let the live load of slab = 3000 N/m2
Assuming a thickness of 15 cm including finishing etc.
self weight = 0.20 x 1 x 1 x ### = 5000 N/m2
Total weight = 3000 + 5000 = 8000 N/m2
w . B2 8000 x( 4.00 + 0.33 )2= 18749 N-m or 18749000
M = =
8 8
18749000
Required depth = = 111 mm
1.530 x 1000
Provide total depth 111 + 40 = 160 mm so that available d= 125 mm
18749000
Ast = = 1341 mm2
130 x 0.861 x 125
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 12 x 12
using ### mm bars A = = = 113
4 x100 4 x 100
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Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 113 / 1341 = 84 say = 80 mm
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 80 mm c/c
Distribution steel :-
160 - 100
% of distribution steel = 0.3 - 0.1 x = 0.283 %
450 - 100
160 x 1000
Astd = 0.283 x = 453 mm2,
100
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 10 x 10
using ### mm bars A = = = 78.5
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 78.5 / 453 = 173 say = 170 mm
Hence Provided 10 mm F bar, @ 170 mm c/c the other direction.
### Design of bottom slab:- If ther is no sub-soil water nominal reinforcement would required .
However, because of saturated sub-soil, there will uplift pressure on the bottom slab, of the magnitude given by.
pu = wH1 = 10000 x 4.30 = 43000 N/m2 (assuming base slab thickness = 350
Chech against flotation.; The hole tank must be check against flotation when the tank is empty.
Total upward flotation force. = Pu = pu x B x L
Pu = 43000 x 4.00 x 10.00 = 1720000 N
Total down ward force consists of weight of tank. Base slab thickness = 350
Weight of walls = 0.33 x 2.00 x( 4.00 + 10.00 )x 4.00 x 25000 = 924000
Weight of roof slab and finishing = 0.15 x 4.00 x 10.00 x 25000 = 150000
Weight of base slab = 0.35 x 4.00 x 10 x 25000 = 350000
Total weight W= 1424000
1720000 > 1424000 upward force is more than dpown ward force
hence provide projection in slab, beyond the face of vertical walls, by an amount x m alround, so that weight of soil
column supported by projection will provide additional down war force. It is assumed that if the tank is floted, the earth
would rupture on vrtical planes shown by dotted lines. (fig ) .Most soil would tend torupture on an inclined planes,
thus tendind to increase the effective down ward load from the earth but this might be small in waterlogged non-
cohesive ground.
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Chech : width B1 = 4.66 +( 2 x 0.90 ) = 6.46 m
Length = 10.66 +( 2 x 0.90 ) = 12.46 m
\ Weight of soil suppoted on projection: x = 2 x( L 1 +B1)x Hysat
x = 2 x( 12.46 + 6.46 )x 0.90 x 4 x 16000 = 2179584
The Bottom slab will be design as one way slab. Cosidered one metre length
Upward water pressure Pu = 43000 N/m2
Self weight of slab : 1 x 1 x 0.35 x ### = 8750
\ Net upward pressure, p = 43000 - 8750 = 34250
Weight of wall per m. run = 0.33 x 4.00 x 1 x 25000 = 33000
weight of roof slab, transferred to each wall, per m run
= 0.20 x( 2 + 0.33 )x 1 x 25000 = 11650
Weight of earth projection = 17000 x 4 x 1 x 0.90
= 68000 x 1 x 0.90 = 61200
\ Net unbalanced force/m run = 43000 ( 6.46 x 1 ) - 2 x( 33000 +
61200 + 11650 = 66080
\ Reaction on each wall = 66080 / 2 = 33040
Pa '= Ka yH +wH = 48000 N/m 2
\ pa = ### x 4 / 2 = 96000
Acting at = 4 / 3 + 0.35 = 1.6833333 m above the bottom of base slab
B.M. at the edge of 34250 x 0.90 2
+ 68000 x 0.90 2
96000 x 1.683 -
cantilever portion '= 2 2.00
= 147931 N-m or 147931000 N-mm Causing tension at bottom face
B.M. At center of span = 34250 x 6.46 2+ ### x 1.683 -( 33000 + 61200
2 x 2
4.33 6.46
+ 11650 )x - 68000 x 0.90 x( - 0.45 )'=
2 2
= 178663 + ### "- 229165 - 170136
= -59038 N-m or -59038000 N-mm Causing tension at top face
147931000
Required depth = = 311 mm
1.530 x 1000
Provide total depth 311 + 50 = 370 mm so that available d= 340 mm
147931000
Ast = = 3889 mm2
130 x 0.861 x 340
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 25 x 25
using ### mm bars A = = = 491
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 491 / 3889 = 126 say = 120 mm
Hence Provided 25 mm F bar, @ 120 mm c/c at bottom Face
For top face,
59038000
Ast = = 1552 mm2
130 x 0.861 x 340
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 25 x 25
using ### mm bars A = = = 491
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 491 / 1552 = 316 say = 310 mm
Hence Provided 25 mm F bar, @ 310 mm c/c
Disrtibution reinforcement in longitudinal direction
370 - 100
= 0.30 - 0.1 x = 0.22 %
450 - 100
0.22 x 1000 x 370
Area of steel = = 825 mm2 On each face = 413
100
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3.14xdia2 3.14 x 10 x 10
using ### mm bars A = = = 78.5
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of hoop Bars = 1000 x 78.5 / 413 = 190 say = 190 mm
Hence Provided 10 mm F bar, @ 190 mm c/c. on each face
10000
tasted against
ne metre ( >H /
ong walls .
N-mm
mm2
m
mm,
m from base.
2.52
mm,
m from base.
mm2
mm2
36000
N/m2
N-mm
mm2
m
mm,
m from base.
2.52
mm,
m from base.
mm2
30000
n out side )
m (causing
sion in side )
mm2
mm2
sion at out side
face)
mm2
metre
ension at
ension at
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
sion at in side
face
mm2
N-mm
mm2
mm2
mm)
mm
N
N
N
N
eight of soil
ted, the earth
ed planes,
ed non-
xN
N
N
N
N
N/m2
N/m2
N/m
N/m
N
N
N/m
base slab
ottom face
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
DESIGN OF REACTANGULAR UNDER GROUND WATER TANK
20 mm f @ 100 mm c/c 10 mm f @
200 mm c/c
mm f @ mm c/c
mm f @ mm c/c 4.00 2.67 20 mm f @ 160
16 mm f @ mm c/c 20 mm f @ 200
mm f @ mm c/c
mm f @ mm c/c 1.33 20 mm f @ 80
16 mm f @ 140 mm c/c 0.90 20 mm f @ 100
0.35
0.33
mm f @ mm c/c
0.16
16 mm f @ 500 mm c/c
16 mm f @ 500 mm c/c
mm f @ mm c/c 3.00 m
4.00 mm f @ mm c/c
16 mm f @ 150 mm c/c
16 mm f @ 250 mm c/c
16 mm f @ 140 mm c/c 1.00 m
0.90 16 mm f @ 250 mm c/c 0.90
0.4
0.4
4.00
0.90
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VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS
Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 Grade of concrete
Modular Ratio 18.67 13.33 10.98 9.33 8.11 7.18 tbd (N / mm2)
scbc N/mm2 5 7 8.5 10 11.5 13
m scbc 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33
kc 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
(a) sst =
jc 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867
140
N/mm2 Rc 0.867 1.214 1.474 1.734 1.994 2.254 Grade of
(Fe 250) Pc (%) concrete
0.714 1 1.214 1.429 1.643 1.857
kc 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 M 15
(b) sst = jc 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 M 20
190 Rc 0.732 1.025 1.244 1.464 1.684 1.903 M 25
N/mm2
Pc (%) 0.433 0.606 0.736 0.866 0.997 1.127 M 30
kc 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 M 35
(c ) sst =
jc 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 M 40
230
N/mm2 Rc 0.653 0.914 1.11 1.306 1.502 1.698 M 45
(Fe 415) Pc (%) 0.314 0.44 0.534 0.628 0.722 0.816 M 50
kc 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253
(d) sst =
jc 0.916 0.916 0.916 0.914 0.916 0.916
275
N/mm2 Rc 0.579 0.811 0.985 1.159 1.332 1.506
(Fe 500) Pc (%) 0.23 0.322 0.391 0.46 0.53 0.599
Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 Grade of concrete
tc.max 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.5 sct.max