Even14 PDF

C H A P T E R 14
Vector Analysis
Section 14.1 Vector Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Section 14.2 Line Integrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
Section 14.3 Conservative Vector Fields and Independence of Path . . . . . . 419
Section 14.4 Green’s Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
Section 14.5 Parametric Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
Section 14.6 Surface Integrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Section 14.7 Divergence Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
Section 14.8 Stokes’s Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
Review Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
Problem Solving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

C H A P T E R 14
Vector Analysis
Section 14.1 Vector Fields
Solutions to Even-Numbered Exercises
2. All vectors are parallel to x-axis. 4. Vectors are in rotational pattern. 6. Vectors along x-axis have no
Matches (d) Matches (e) x-component.
Matches (f)
8. Fx, y 2i 10. Fx, y x i yj

F 2 F x2 y2
y y
5
4
3
1 2
1
x x
−2 −1 1 2 −5 −4 −2 −1 1 2 4 5
−2
−3
−4
−2 −5
12. Fx, y x i 14. Fx, y x2 y2 i j

F x c F 1 x2 y22
y
y
10
3
8
2
6
1
4
x
−3 −2 −1 1 2 3
x
−2 2
16. Fx, y, z x i y j z k 18. Fx, y 2y 3x i 2y 3x j

F x y z c 2 2 2 y
6
x2 y2 z2 c2 4
z 2
x
2 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6
−2
−2
−6
2
2
x y
−2
407
408 Chapter 14 Vector Analysis
20. Fx, y, z xi yj z k 22. f x, y sin 3x cos 4y

z
fxx, y 3 cos 3x cos 4y
2 fyx, y 4 sin 3x sin 4y
1
Fx, y 3 cos 3x cos 4yi 4 sin 3x sin 4yj
1 1 y
2
2
y z xz
24. f x, y, z 26. gx, y, z x arcsin yz
z x y
z z gxx, y, z arcsin yz
fxx, y, z 2
x y
xz
1 xz gyx, y, z
fyx, y, z 2 1 y2z2
z y
y 1 x xy
fzx, y, z 2 gzx, y, z
z x y 1 y2z2
x
z
y
z 1 xz
z y
y
z
1 x
Fx, y, z 2 i 2 j 2 k
x y Gx, y, z arcsin yz i
xz
j
xy
k
1 y2z2 1 y2z2
1 y 1 1 1 1
28. Fx, y 2
yi xj 2 i j 30. Fx, y y i x j i j
x x x xy x y
M y x2 and N 1 x have continuous first partial M 1 x and N 1 y have continuous first partial
derivatives for all x 0. derivatives for all x, y 0.
N 1 M N M
2 ⇒ F is conservative. 0 ⇒ F is conservative.
x x y x y
x y y x
32. M ,N 34. M ,N
x2 y2 x2 y2 1 x2y2 1 x2y2
N xy M N 1 M 1
2 ⇒ Conservative
x x y23 2 y x 1 x2y23 2 y 1 x2y23 2
⇒ Not conservative
1 2y x2
36. Fx, y y i 2 x j 38. Fx, y 3x2 y2 i 2x3yj 40. Fx, y i 2j
y2 x y

3x2 y2 6x2 y 2y

1 2x 2
i 2j y
y y y x x

1 2x3y 6x2y

x2
1 x 2x
2 2 2
y y y x y y
Conservative

2x 2 Not conservative
2 2 fxx, y 3x2 y2
x y y
fyx, y 2x 3 y
Not conservative
f x, y x3y2 K
Section 14.1 Vector Fields 409
2x 2y

42. Fx, y i 2 j 44. Fx, y, z x2z i 2xz j yz k, 2, 1, 3
x2 y22 x y22
i j k

2x
y x2 y22
2
8xy
x y23 curl F

x y z

2y
x x 2 y 2 2
2
8xy
x y 23
x2z 2xz yz
z 2x i 0 x2 j 2z 0 k
Conservative
z 2x i x2 j 2zk
2x
fxx, y 2 curl F 2, 1, 3 7i 4j 6k
x y22
2y
fyx, y
x2 y22
1
f x, y K
x2 y2

46. Fx, y, z exyz i j k, 3, 2, 0
i j k

curl F xz xyexyz i yz xyexyzj yz xzexyz k
x y z
exyz exyz exyz
curl F 3, 2, 0 6i 6j

yz xz xy
48. Fx, y, z i j k
yz xz xy
i j k

curl F x y z
yz xz xy
yz xz xy
y 2 z 2 z 2

x x y

2 x2 y2
i j k
2
x z2
x y2
y z2
x z2
y z2

x 1 y

1 1 1 1 1
x2 i y2 j z2 k
2
x z2 x y2 y z2 y z2 x z2

50. Fx, y, z x2 y2 z2i j k
i j k
y z i z x j x y k
curl F
x y z x2 y2 z2
x2 y2 z2 x2 y2 z2 x2 y2 z2

52. Fx, y, z e z y i x j k 54. Fx, y, z y 2z 3 i 2xyz 3 j 3xy2z 2 k
i j k i j k

curl F x y z xe z i yezj 0 curl F x 0
y z
yez xez ez y 2z 3 3
2xyz 3xy 2z2
Not conservative Conservative

f x, y, z xy 2z3 K

x y
56. Fx, y, z i 2 jk 58. Fx, y xe x i ye y j
x2 y2 x y2

i j k div Fx, y xe x ye y
x y
curl F x y z 0 xe x e x ye y e y
x y
x2 y2 x2 y2
1 e xx 1 e y y 1
Conservative
x
fx x, y, z
x2 y2
y
fy x, y, z
x2 y2
fz x, y, z 1
f x, y, z x
x2 y2
dx
1
lnx 2 y 2 g y, z K1
2
f x, y, z y
x2 y2
dy
1
lnx 2 y 2 hx, z K2
2
f x, y, z dz z px, y K3
1
f x, y, z lnx 2 y 2 z K
2
60. Fx, y, z lnx 2 y 2 i xy j ln y 2 z 2k

2x 2z
div Fx, y, z lnx 2 y 2 x y ln y 2 z2 2 x 2
x y z x y2 y z2
62. Fx, y, z x 2z i 2xz j yz k 64. Fx, y, z lnxyzi j k

1 1 1
div Fx, y, z 2 xz y div Fx, y, z
x y z
div F2, 1, 3 11 1 1 11
div F3, 2, 1 1
3 2 6
66. See the definition of Conservative Vector Field on page 68. See the definition on page 1016.
1011. To test for a conservative vector field, see
Theorem 14.1 and 14.2.
70. Fx, y, z x i z k
Gx, y, z x 2 i yj z 2 k

i j k
F G x 0 z yz i xz 2 x 2 z j xyk

x2 y z2
i j k

curlF G
x y z
yz xz 2 x 2z xy
x 2xz x i y y j z 2 2xz z k
2
xx 2z 1i zz 2x 1k

Section 14.1 Vector Fields 411

72. Fx, y, z x2z i 2xz j yz k 74. Fx, y, z x i z k
Gx, y, z x 2 i y j z 2 k

i j k
curl F z 2x i x 2 j 2zk i j k
x y z FG x 0 z yzi xz 2 x 2zj xyk

x2z 2xz yz x2 y z2
i j k
divF G 0
curlcurl F j 2xk
x y z
z 2x x2 2z

76. Fx, y, z x 2 z i 2xz j yz k
i j k

curl F x y z z 2x i x j 2z k
2
x2z 2xz yz
divcurl F 2 2 0
78. Let f x, y, z be a scalar function whose second partial derivatives are continuous.
f f f

f i j k
x y z
i j k
f f f f f f
yz zy
i
xz zx
j
xy yx
2 2 2 2 2 2
curlf x y z k0
f f f
x y z
80. Let F M i N j P k and G R i Sj T k.

i j k
F G M N P NT PS i MT PR j MS NRk
R S T
divF G

NT PS PR MT MS NR
x y z
T N S P R P T M S M R N
N T P S P R M T M S N R
x x x x y y y y z z z z
P N M P N M T S R T S R

y z R z x S x y T
M y z N z x P x y
curl F G F curl G

82. Let F M i Nj Pk.
i j k

f F x y z
fM fN fP
yf P f P f
Nf
N
z
f
i Pf
P f
Mf
M
z
f
j Nf
N f
Mf
M
y
k

y z x x z x x y
i j k
P N P M N M f f f
f
y

z
i
x

z
j
x

y
k x y z f F f F
M N P
84. Let F M i Nj Pk.
curl F P
y

N
z
P M
i
x z
j
N M
x

y
k
P N P M N M
divcurl F
x y

z
y x
z

z x

y
2P 2N 2P 2M 2N 2M
0 (since the mixed partials are equal)
xy xz yx yz zx zy
In Exercises 86 and 88, Fx, y, z x i yj zk and f x, y, z

Fx, y, z
x 2 y 2 z 2.
1 1
86.
f x 2 y 2 z 2
x y z x i y j zk
1f x 2 y 2 z 232
i 2
x y 2 z 232
j 2
x y 2 z 232
k
x y z
2 2 2 3
F
3
f
w
1

1 2w 2x 2 y 2 z 2
88.
x 2 y 2 z 2
2
f x2 x y 2 z 252
w x 2w 2y 2 x 2 z 2
2 2
x x y 2 z 232 y2 x y 2 z 252
w y 2w 2z 2 x 2 y 2
2 2
y x y 2 z 232 z 2 x y 2 z 2 52
w z 2w 2w 2w
2 2w 2 2 0
z x y 2 z 232 x 2 y z
1
Therefore w is harmonic.
f
Section 14.2 Line Integrals

t i 45 t j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 5
x2 y2
2. 1 4. rt 5 i 9 t j, 5 ≤ t ≤ 9
16 9
14 t i, 9 ≤ t ≤ 14
cos2 t sin2 t 1
x2
cos2 t
16
y2
sin2 t
9
x 4 cos t
y 3 sin t
rt 4 cos t i 3 sin t j
0 ≤ t ≤ 2

t i t 2 j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2
6. rt 4 t i 4 j, 2 ≤ t ≤ 4
8 t j, 4 ≤ t ≤ 8
8. rt t i 2 t j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2; rt i j
C
4xy ds 0
2
4t 2 t1 1 dt 42
2
0

2t t 2 dt 42 t 2
t3
3
2
0

42 4
8
3

162
3
Section 14.2 Line Integrals 413
10. rt 12t i 5t j 3 k, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2; rt 12i 5j
C
8xyz ds 2
0
812t5t3122 52 02 dt 2
0
18,720t 2 dt 18,720 t3
3 2
0
49,920
12. rt t j, 1 ≤ t ≤ 10 y
C
x 2 y 2 ds 10
1
0 t 20 1 dt
10

6
10
t2 dt 4
1 2

10
1 3 x
t 333 −4 −2 2 4
3 1
y
14. rt 2 cos t i 2 sin t j, 0 ≤ t ≤
2

2
2
x 2 y 2 ds 4 cos2 t 4 sin2 t2 sin t2 2 cos t2 d t
C 0 1
2
0
8 dt 4
1 2
x
16. rt t i 3t j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 3 y
C
x 4y ds 0
3
t 43t 1 9 dt
9
6
(3, 9)

t 2 83 32

3
10 t 3
2 3 0
10 5710 x
27 144 −3 3 6
6 2

≤ ≤
y
t i, 0 t 2
2i t 2 j, 2 ≤ t ≤ 4 C3
18. rt 2
(2, 2)
6 t i 2 j, 4 ≤ t ≤ 6
C4
8 t j, 6 ≤ t ≤ 8

1 C2
2
x 4y ds t dt 2
C1 0 x
C1 1 2

C2
x 4y ds 2
4
2 4t 2 ds 4
162
3
C3
x 4y ds 4
6
6 t 42 ds 2 82

C4
x 4y ds 6
8
48 t ds
162
3
C
x 4y ds 2 4
162
3
2 82
162
3
56
8 2
3
20. x, y, z z 22. Fx, y xyi yj

rt 3 cos t i 3 sin t j 2 t k, 0 ≤ t ≤ 4 C: rt 4 cos t i 4 sin t j, 0 ≤ t ≤
2
rt 3 sin t i 3 cos t j 2 k Ft 16 sin t cos t i 4 sin t j

rt
3 sin t 3 cos t 2 13
2 2 2 rt 4 sin t i 4 cos t j
Mass C
x, y, z ds 0
4
2t13 dt 16 213 C
F
dr 0
2
64 sin2 t cos t 16 sin t cos t dt
2
64 3
3
sin t 8 sin2 t 0

40
3
24. Fx, y 3x i 4y j 26. Fx, y, z x 2 i y 2 j z 2 k

1
C: rt t i 4 t 2 j, 2 ≤ t ≤ 2 C: rt 2 sin t i 2 cos t j t 2 k, 0 ≤ t ≤
2
Ft 3t i 44 t 2 j 1
Ft 4 sin2 t i 4 cos2 tj t 4 k
t 4
rt i j
4 t 2
rt 2 cos t i 2 sin t j t k
C
F
dr
2
2
3t 4t dt
t2
2
2
2
0
C
F
dr
0
1
8 sin2 t cos t 8 cos2 t sin t t 5 dt
4

83 sin
8 t6
3
t cos3 t
3 24 0
8 6 8 6 16

3 24 3 24 3
xi yj zk
28. Fx, y, z
x 2 y 2 z 2
rt t i t j e t k, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2
t i t j et k
Ft
2t 2 e 2t
d r i j e t k dt
C
F
dr 0
2
2t 2
1
e 2t
2t e 2t dt 6.91
30. Fx, y x 2 i x y j
C: x cos3 t, y sin3 t from 1, 0 to 0, 1

rt cos3 t i sin3 t j, 0 ≤ t ≤
2
rt 3 cos 2 t sin t i 3 sin2 t cos t j
Ft cos 6 t i cos3 t sin3 t j
F
r 3 cos8 t sin t 3 cos4 t sin5 t
3 cos4 t sin t cos4 t sin4 t
3 cos4 t sin t cos4 t 1 cos2 t2
3 cos4 t sin t 2 cos4 t 2 cos2 t 1
6 cos8 t sin t 6 cos6 t sin t 3 cos4 t sin t
Work C
F
dr 2
0
6 cos8 t sin t 6 cos6 t sin t 3 cos4 t sin t dt
2
2 cos3
9 6 cos7 t 3 cos5 t
t 43

7 5 0 105
32. Fx, y y i x j 34. Fx, y, z yz i xz j xyk

C: counterclockwise along the semicircle y 4 x 2 C: line from 0, 0, 0 to 5, 3, 2
from 2, 0 to 2, 0
rt 5t i 3t j 2t k, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1
rt 2 cos t i 2 sin t j, 0 ≤ t ≤
rt 5i 3j 2k
rt 2 sin t i 2 cos t j
Ft 6t 2 i 10t 2 j 15t 2 k
Ft 2 sin t i 2 cos tj
F
r 90t 2

F
r 4 sin2 t 4 cos2 t 4 cos 2t 1
Work F
dr 90t 2 dt 30
Work
C
F
d r 4
0

cos 2t dt 2 sin 2t
0
0 C 0
36. rt t i t 2 j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1
x, y 0, 0 14 , 161 12 , 14 34 , 169 1, 1
rt i 2 t j

Fx, y 5i 3.5i j 2i 2j 1.5i 3j i 5j
10
F
dr 5 44 24 46 11 rt i 0.5j ij i 1.5j i 2j
C 34 i
16 F
r 5 4 4 6 11

3
38. Fx, y x2 y i xy32 j

(a) r1t t 1 i t 2 j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2
r1t i 2 t j
Ft t 12 t 2 i t 1t 3 j
C1
F
dr 0
2
t 12 t 2 2t 4t 1 dt
256
3

(b) r2t 1 2 cos t i 4 cos2 t j, 0 ≤ t ≤
2
r2t 2 sin t i 8 cos t sin t j
Ft 1 2 cos t24 cos2 t i 1 2 cos t8 cos3 t j
C2
F
dr 0
2
1 2 cos t 4 cos

2 2
t2 sin t 8 cos t sin t1 2 cos t8 cos3 t dt
256
5
Both paths join 1, 0 and 3, 4. The integrals are negatives of each other because the orientations are different.
40. Fx, y 3y i x j 42. Fx, y x i yj

C: rt t i t3j C: rt 3 sin t i 3 cos t j
rt i 3t 2 j rt 3 cos t i 3 sin t j
Ft 3t 3 i t j Ft 3 sin t i 3 cos t j
F
r 3t 3 3t 3 0 F
r 9 sin t cos t 9 sin t cos t 0
Thus, C
F
d r 0. Thus,
C
F
dr 0.
44. x 2t, y 10t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 ⇒ y 5x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2
C
x 3y 2 dx 0
2
x 75x 2 dx 2 25x
x2 3
2
0
202
46. x 2t, y 10t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 ⇒ y 5x, dy 5 dx, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2

C
3y x dx y 2 dy
0
2
35x x dx 5x25 dx
2
0
14x 125x2 dx

2
125 3 125 1084
7x2 x 28 8
3 0 3 3
y
48. rt t j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2
xt 0, yt t 2
dx 0, dy dt

1
2

2
3
2x y dx x 3y dy 3t dt t 2 6
C 0 2 0 x
−1 1
t j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 3

y
50. rt
t 3 i 3j, 3 ≤ t ≤ 5 x
1 2 3
C1: xt 0, yt t −1
dx 0, dy dt C1

−2
3
27 C2
2x y dx x 3y dy 3t dt −3 (2, − 3)
C1 0 2
C2: xt t 3, yt 3
dx dt, dy 0

C2
2x y dx x 3y dy 3
5

2t 3 3 dt t 32 3t
5
3
10

C
2x y dx x 3y dy
27
2
10
47
2
3
52. xt t, yt t 32, 0 ≤ t ≤ 4, dx dt, dy t 12 dt
2

C
2x y dx x 3y dy
0
4
2t t 32 t 3t 32 32 t dt
12

0
4 9 2 1 32
2
3 1

t t 2t dt t 3 t 52 t 2
2 2 5
4
0
1
96 32 16
5
592
5

54. xt 4 sin t, yt 3 cos t, 0 ≤ t ≤
2
dx 4 cos t dt, dy 3 sin t dt
C
2x y dx x 3y dy 0
2
8 sin t 3 cos t4 cos t dt 4 sin t 9 cos t3 sin t dt
0
2
5 sin t cos t 12 cos 2 t 12 sin2 t dt
2
52 sin t 12t
2
0

5
2
6
56. f x, y y 58. f x, y x y

C: line from 0, 0 to 4, 4 C: x 2 y 2 1 from 1, 0 to 0, 1
rt t i t j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 4
rt cos t i sin t j, 0 ≤ t ≤
2
rt i j
rt sin t i cos t j

rt
2

rt
1
Lateral surface area:
C
f x, y ds 4
0
t 2 dt 82
f x, y ds 2
cos t sin t dt
C 0
2

sin t cos t
0
2
60. f x, y y 1
C: y 1 x 2 from 1, 0 to 0, 1
rt 1 t i 1 1 t2 j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1
rt i 21 t j

rt
1 41 t2
C
f x, y ds 1
0
2 1 t 21 41 t2 dt
2 0
1
1 41 t 2 dt
0
1
1 t21 41 t2 dt
0
1
1

2
21 t1 41 t2 ln 21 t 1 41 t2
0
1
1

64
21 t241 t2 11 4 1 t2 ln 21 t 1 4 1 t2

1
2
25 ln 2 5 64
1
185 ln 2 5

23
32
5
33
64
ln 2 5
1
64
465 33 ln 2 5 2.3515
62. f x, y x 2 y 2 4
C: x 2 y 2 4
rt 2 cos t i 2 sin t j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2
rt 2 sin t i 2 cos t j

rt
2
C
f x, y ds 2
0
4 cos2 t 4 sin2 t 42 dt 8 2π
0

1 cos 2t dt 8 t
1
2
sin 2t
2

0
16
1
64. f x, y 20 x
4
C: y x 32, 0 ≤ x ≤ 40
rt t i t 32 j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 40
3
rt i t 12 j
2

rt
1 94 t
C
f x, y ds
0
40
1
20 t
4 1 94t dt
Let u 1 t, then t 9 u 1 and dt 89 u du.
9 4 2
4

91

40 91
0
1
20 t
4
1
9
4
t dt
1

1 8
20 u2 1 u u du
9 9
8
81 1
u4 179u 2 du
91
850,30491 7184

8 u5 179u3
6670.12
81 5 3 1 1215
66. f x, y y z
4
C: y x 2 from 0, 0 to 2, 4
3
S8 2
1
Matches c. 2
3
4 4 y
x
(2, 4, 0)
68. W C
F
dr
C
M dx N dy y
y = c ) 1 − x 2)
c
M 154 x y 60 15x c cx
2 2 2
N 15xy 15xc cx 2
dx dx, dy 2cx dx
1 x
−1 1
W 60 15x 2c cx 2 15xc cx 22 cx dx
1
120 4c 8c 2 (parabola)
w 16c 4 0 ⇒ c 14 yields the minimum work, 119.5. Along the straight line path, y 0, the work is 120.
70. See the definition, page 1024. 72. (a) Work 0

(b) Work is negative, since against force field.
(c) Work is positive, since with force field.
74. False, the orientation of C does not affect the form 76. False. For example, see Exercise 32.
C
f x, y ds.
Section 14.3 Conservative Vector Fields and Independence of Path 419
Section 14.3 Conservative Vector Fields and Independence of Path
2. F x, y
x 2 y 2
i x j
(a) r1 t
t i t j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 4 (b) r2 w
w 2 i w j, 0 ≤ w ≤ 2
1 r2 w
2w i j
r1 t
i j
2t F w
w 4 w 2
i w 2 j

F t
t2 t
i t j 2
4 F dr 2w w 4 w 2
w 2 dw
F dr
1
t 2 t t dt
2 C 0
w3
C 0 6 2
w4 w3 80

32 4
t3 t2 t 80 2 3 0 3

3 2 3 0 3
4. F x, y
yi x 2 j
(a) r1 t
2 t
i 3 t
j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 3
r1 t
i j
F t
3 t
i 2 t
2 j
C
F dr 0
3
3 t
2 t
2 dt
3 t
2 2 t
3
2

3
3
0

69
2
(b) r2 w
2 ln w
i 3 ln w
j, 1 ≤ w ≤ e3
1 1
r2 w
i j
w w
F w
3 ln w
i 2 ln w
2 j

3
w1 2 ln w
w1 dw 3 2ln w
2 ln w
3
e

2 e3
69
F dr 3 ln w
2
C 1 3 1 2
xy
6. F x, y
15x 2 y 2 i 10x 3 y j 8. F x, y, z
y ln z i x ln z j k
z
N M curl F 0 so F is not conservative.
30x 2 y 30x 2 y
x y
Since
N M
, F is conservative.
P
y
x
z
x N

z z
x y
10. F x, y, z
sin yz
i xz cos yz
j xy sin yz
k
curl F 0, so F is not conservative.
12. F x, y
ye xy i xe xy j
(a) r1 t
t i t 3
j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 3 (b) F x, y
is conservative since
r1 t
i j M N
xye xy e xy.
F t
t 3
e 3tt 2
i te3tt 2
j y x
C
F dr 3
0
t 3
e 3tt 2
te dt
3tt 2
The potential function is f x, y
e xy k.
3
0
e 3tt 3 2t
dt
2

3
e 3tt e0 e0 0
2
0
14. F x, y
xy 2 i 2x 2 y j
1 1
(a) r1 t
t i j, 1 ≤ t ≤ 3 (b) r2 t
t 1
i t 3
j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2
t 3
1 1
r1 t
i j r2 t
i j
t2 3
1 1 2
F t
i 2tj F t
t 1
t 3
2 i t 1
2 t 3
j
t 9 3
C
F dr 3
1
1
dt
t C
F dr
0
2
1
9
2
t 1
t 3
2 t 1
2 t 3
dt
9

ln t
3
1
ln 3
1
9 2
0
3t 3 7t 2 7t 3
dt

2
1 3t 4 7t 3 7t 2 44
3t
9 4 3 2 0 27
16. C
2x 3y 1
dx 3x y 5
dy
Since My Nx 3, F x, y

2x 3y 1
i 3x y 5
j is conservative. The potential function is
f x, y
x 2 3xy y 22
x 5y k.
(a) and (d) Since C is a closed curve, C

2x 3y 1
dx 3x y 5
dy 0.
(b) C
2x 3y 1
dx 3x y 5
dy x 2 3xy
y2
2
x 5y
0, 1
0, 1
10
(c) C
2x 3y 1
dx 3x y 5
dy x 2 3xy
y2
2
x 5y
2, e2
0, 1
1
3 2e2 e4
18. C
x 2 y 2
dx 2xy dy 20. F x, y, z
i z j yk
Since curl F 0, F x, y, z
is conservative. The potential
Since My Nx 2y, function is f x, y, z
x yz k.
F x, y
x 2 y 2
i 2xy j (a) r1 t
cos t i sin t j t 2 k, 0 ≤ t ≤
is conservative. The potential function is
f x, y
x 33
xy 2 k.

C
F dr x yz
1, 0, 2

1, 0, 0
2
x 2 y 2
dx 2xy dy x3
xy 2
8, 4

896 (b) r2 t
1 2t
i 2 t k, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1

(a)
3 0, 0
3 1, 0, 2

C
F dr x yz 2

(b) x 2 y 2
dx 2xy dy
C
x3
3
xy 2
0, 2
2, 0

8
3
C 1, 0, 0
22. F x, y, z
y i x j 3xz 2 k
F x, y, z
is not conservative.
(a) r1 t
cos t i sin t j t k, 0 ≤ t ≤
r1 t
sin t i cos t j k
F t
sin t i cos t j 3t 2 cos t k
C
F dr
0

sin2 t cos 2 t 3t 2 cos t dt
0

1 3t 2 cos t dt
t

0

3 t 2 sin t

0
6 0

t sin t dt t 3t 2 sin t 6 sin t t cos t

0
5
—CONTINUED—
Section 14.3 Conservative Vector Fields and Independence of Path 421
22. —CONTINUED—
(b) r2 t
1 2t
i t k, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1
r2 t
2 i k
F t
1 2t
j 3 2t 2 1 2t
k
C
F dr 1
0
3 3 t 2 1 2t
dt 3 3 1
0
t 2 2t 3
dt 3 3 t3 t2
3 4 1
0

3
2
24. F x, y, z
y sin z i x sin z j xy cos x k 26.
C

2 x y
i 2 x y
j dr x y
2
4, 3

3, 2
(a) r1 t
t 2 i t 2 j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2
49
r1 t
2 t i 2 t j
F t
t 4 cos t 2 k
C
F dr
0
2
0 dt 0
(b) r2 t
4t i 4t j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1
r2 t
4 i 4 j
F t
16t 2 cos 4t
k
C
F dr
0
1
0 dt 0
28. C
y dx x dy
x2 y2
arctan
x
y
23, 2
1, 1

3

4

12
30. C x2
2x
y 2
2
dx 2
2y
x y 2
2
dy 2
1
x y2
1, 5

7, 5

1

1
26 74

12
481
32. C
zy dx xz dy xy dz
Note: Since F x, y, z
yz i xz j xyk is conservative and the potential function is f x, y, z
xyz k, the integral is
independent of path as illustrated below.
1, 1, 1
(a) xyz 0, 0, 0
1
0, 0, 1
1, 1, 1
(b) xyz 0, 0, 0

xyz
0, 0, 1
011
1, 0, 0
1, 1, 0
1, 1, 1
(c) xyz 0, 0, 0

xyz
1, 0, 0

xyz
1, 1, 0
0011
34. C
6x dx 4z dy 4y 20z
dz 3x 2 4yz 10z 2
4, 3, 1
0, 0, 0
46
2x x2
36. F x, y
i 2 j is conservative.
y y
2 1, 4
Work xy 3, 2

1 9

4 2
17
4
38. F x, y, z
a 1 i a 2 j a 3 k
Since F x, y, z
is conservative, the work done in moving a particle along any path from P to Q is
Q q1, q2, q3

f x, y, z
a1x a 2 y a 3 z P p1, p2, p3
a1 q1 p1
a 2 q2 p2
a 3 q3 p3
F PQ .
\
40. F 150j
(b) r t
t i 50 50 t
2 j
1
(a) r t
t i 50 t
j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 50
d r i 25 50 t
j
dt
1
dr i j
dt
C
F dr 50
0
150 dt 7500 ft lbs
C
F dr 6 0
50
50 t
dt 7500 ft lbs
y x
42. F x, y
i 2 j
x2 y2 x y2
y
(a) M (b) r t
cos t i sin t j, 0 ≤ t ≤
x2 y2
M x 2 y 2
1
y 2y
x2 y 2 F sin t i cos t j
2
y x 2 y 2
2 x y 2
2 dr sin t i cos t j
dt
N
x2
x
y2 C
F dr
0

sin2 t cos2 t
dt t

0

N x 2 y 2
1
x 2x
x2 y2
2
x x y
2 2 2 x y 2
2
N M
Thus, .
x y
(c) r t
cos t i sin t j, 0 ≤ t ≤ (d) r t
cos t i sin t j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2
F sin t i cos t j F sin t i cos t j
dr sin t i cos t j
dt dr sin t i cos t j
dt
C
F dr 0

sin2 t cos2 t
dt C
F dr
0
2
sin2 t cos2 t
dt

t

0

t 0
2
This does not contradict Theorem 14.7 since F is not

continuous at 0, 0
in R enclosed by curve C.
xy 2

(e)
arctan
x
y
1y
1 xy
2
i
1 xy
2
j
y x
i 2 jF
x2 y2 x y2
44. A line integral is independent of path if C

F dr does not depend on the curve joining P and Q. See Theorem 14.6
46. No, the amount of fuel required depends on the flight path. Fuel consumption is dependent on wind speed and direction.
The vector field is not conservative.
48. True 50. False, the requirement is My Nx.

Section 14.4 Green’s Theorem 423
Section 14.4 Green’s Theorem

y

t i, 0 ≤ t ≤ 4 (4, 4)
4
2. rt 4 i t 4 j, 4 ≤ t ≤ 8
12 t i 12 t j, 8 ≤ t ≤ 12 3 y=x
C
y 2 dx x 2 dy 0
4
0 dt t 2 0 8
4
t 420 16 dt
1

1 2 3 4
12
128 64
12 t2dt 12 t2dt 0 64
8 3 3
By Green’s Theorem,
R
N M
x

y
dA
0
4 x
0
2x 2y dy dx
0
4
x 2 dx
64
3
.
4. rt cos t i sin t j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2 y
C
y 2 dx x 2 dy 2
0
sin2 t sin t dt cos2 tcos t dt
1
x 2 + y 2 =1
2
0
cos3 t sin3 t dt −1 1
x
2
0
cos t1 sin2 t sin t1 cos2 t dt
−1
2

sin3 t cos3 t
sin t cos t 0
3 3 0
By Green’s Theorem,

R
N M
x

y
dA 1
1
1x2

1x 2
2x 2y dy dx
0
2
0
1
2r cos 2r sin r dr d
2
3 0
2 2
cos sin d 0 0.
3
6. C: boundary of the region lying between the graphs of y x and y x 3
C
xe y dx e x dy 0
1
xe x 3x 2e x dx
3
0
1
xe x e x dx 2.936 2.718 0.22

R
N M
x

y
dA
0
1 x
x3
e x xe y dy dx 1
0
xe x x3 e x dx 0.22
3
N M
In Exercises 8 and 10, 1.
x y
8. Since C is an ellipse with a 2 and b 1, then R is an ellipse of area ab 2. Thus, Green’s Theorem yields
C
y x dx 2x y dy
R
1 dA Area of ellipse 2.
y
10. R is the shaded region of the accompanying figure.
C
y x dx 2x y dy
R
1 dA
4
2
1
Area of shaded region −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5
x
1 −2
25 9 8 −3
2 −4
−5
12. The given curves intersect at 0, 0 and 9, 3. Thus, Green’s Theorem yields
C
y 2 dx xy dy
R
y 2y dA

9
x 9 9
y 2
x
x x 2

9
81
y dy dx dx dx
0 0 0 2 0 0 2 4 0 4
14. In this case, let y r sin , x r cos . Then d A r dr d and Green’s Theorem yields
C
x 2 y 2 dx 2xy dy R
4y dA 4 2
0 0
1cos
r sin r dr d
4 2
0 0
1cos
r 2 sin dr d

4
3 0
2
sin 1 cos 3 d
1 cos 4 2
3 0
0.
M N
16. Since 2ex sin 2y we have
y x

R
N M
x

y
dA 0.
18. By Green’s Theorem,
C
ex 2 y dx ey 2 x dy
2 2
R
2 dA 2Area of R 2 62 23 60.
20. By Green’s Theorem, y

(−1 , 1 ) (1, 1)
3x 2 e y dx e y dy 3x 2e y dA (−2 , 2 ) (2, 2)
C R

1
2 2
2
3x 2e y dy dx
1
1 1
2
3x 2e y dy dx
x

(− 2, − 2) (2, − 2)
1 2 1 1
(−1 , −1 ) (1, − 1)
3x 2e y dy dx 3x 2e y dy dx
2 2 1 2
7e 2 e2 2e 2 e 7e 2 e2 2e1 e2

16e 2 16e2 2e 2e1.
22. Fx, y e x 3y i ey 6x j

C: r 2 cos
Work C
ex 3y dx ey 6x dy R
9 dA 9 since r 2 cos is a circle with a radius of one.
24. Fx, y 3x 2 y i 4xy 2 j

C: boundary of the region bounded by the graphs of y
x, y 0, x 4
Work C
3x 2 y dx 4xy 2 dy
0
4
x
0
4y 2 1 dy dx 4
0
4 32
3x x12 dx 176
15
Section 14.4 Green’s Theorem 425
26. From the figure we see that y
C2
3 3 4 x + 2y = 8
C1: y x, dy dx, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 (2, 3)
2 2 3
C3
x 1
C2: y 4, dy dx 2 C1
2 2
1 3x − 2y = 0
C3: x 0, dx 0. x

1 2 3 4
2 0
A
1
2
3
2
3

x x dx
2
1
2
1 x 1
x 4 dx 0
2 2 2

0 2
0 2
1
4 dx 2 dx 4
2 2 0
28. Since the loop of the folium is formed on the interval 0 ≤ t ≤ ,

31 2t3 32t t 4
dx dt and dy 3 dt,
t 1
3 2 t 12
we have
A
1
2
0

t 3
3t 32t t 4

1 t 1
3 2
3
3t 2 31 2t 3
t 1 t 3 12 dt

9
2
0
t5 t 2
t 3 13
dt
9
2 t 2t 3
0
1
t 3 13
dt
3
2 0

3t 2 t 3 12 dt 2t 3 13

0
3
.
2
30. See Theorem 14.9: A

1
2 C
x dy y dx.
32. (a) For the moment about the x-axis, Mx R

y dA. Let N 0 and M y 22. By Green’s Theorem,
Mx C

y2
2
dx
1
2 C
y 2 dx and y
Mx
2A

1
2A C
y 2 dx.
For the moment about the y-axis, My R

x dA. Let N x 22 and M 0. By Green’s Theorem,
My x2
C 2
dy
1
2
C
x 2 dy and x
My

2A 2A
1
C
x 2 dy.
(b) By Theorem 14.9 and the fact that x r cos , y r sin , we have
A
1
2 x dy y dx
1
2 r cos r cos d r sin r sin d
1
2 C
r 2 d.
a2 1 1
34. Since A area of semicircle , we have . Note that y 0 and dy 0 along the boundary y 0.
2 2A a 2
Let x a cos t, y a sin t, 0 ≤ t ≤ , then
x
1
a2
0
a 2 cos 2 t a cos t dt
a

0
cos 3 t dt
a

0
1 sin2 t cos t dt
a

sin t
sin3 t
3

0
0
y
1
a2
0
a 2 sin2 t a sin t dt
a

0
sin3 t dt
a

cos t
cos 3 t
3

0

4a
3
.
x, y 0, 4a
3
y
1 1 1
36. Since A 2ac ac, we have , (b, c)
2 2A 2ac 2a
C1: y 0, dy 0
C3
C2
c c
C2: y x a, d y dx
ba ba
x
c c −a C1
C3: y x a, dy
a
dx.
ba ba
Thus,
x
1
2ac C
x 2 dy
1
2ac
a
a
0
a
b
x2
c
ba
dx a
b
x2
c
ba
dx
1
2ac
0
2abc
3

b
3
y
1
2ac C
y 2 dx
1
2ac0 b
a
c 2
ba
x a2 d x a
b
b c a x a dx
2
2
1 c 2b a c 2b a

c
.
2ac 3 3 3
x, y b3, 3c
38. A
1
2 0

a 2 cos 2 3 d
a2
2 0

1 cos 6
2
d
a2
4

sin 6
6

0

a 2
4
Note: In this case R is enclosed by r a cos 3 where 0 ≤ ≤ .
40. In this case, 0 ≤ ≤ 2 and we let

sin 1 u2 2 du
u , cos , d .
1 cos 1 u2 1 u2
Now u ⇒ as ⇒ and we have
2du

1 9 1 u2 1 u2
A2 d 9 18 du
2 cos 2 1 u2 1 u 22 1 3u 22
2 0 0
44
1 u2

1 u 22
0
18
0
13
1 3u 2
du 18 0

23
1 3u 22
du
6

3
arctan
3 u

0

12 1

3 2 1 u3u 2

3
1 3u 2
du

3
6
2
63 1 u3u 2
0

3 arctan
3 u
6
0

3

3
0

3
3
2
3.
42. (a) Let C be the line segment joining x1, y1 and x2, y2.
y2 y1
y x x1 y`1
x2 x1
y2 y1
dy dx
x2 x1
C
y dx x dy x2
x1

y2 y1
x2 x1
y y1
x x1 y1 x 2
x2 x1 dx x x x1
x2
1
y2 y1
2 x1
y1 d x
y2 y1 y2 y1
x x x
x2
y1 x x1 y1 x 2 x1
2 x1 2 x1
1
x1
x1 y2 y1 y1x2 x1 x1 y2 x2 y1
—CONTINUED—
Section 14.5 Parametric Surfaces 427
42. —CONTINUED—
(b) Let C be the boundary of the region A

1
2 C
y dx x dy
1
2
R
1 1 dA
R
d A.
Therefore,
R
dA
1
2 y dx x dy y dx x dy . . .
C1 C2 Cn
y dx x dy
where C1 is the line segment joining x1, y1 and x2, y2, C2 is the line segment joining x2, y2 and x3, y3, . . . , and Cn is
the line segment joining xn, yn and x1, y1. Thus,
R
1
dA x1y2 x2 y1 x2 y3 x3 y2 . . . xn1 yn xn yn1 xn y1 x1yn .
2
44. Hexagon: 0, 0, 2, 0, 3, 2, 2, 4, 0, 3, 1, 1
A 2 0 0 4 0 12 4 6 0 0 3 0 0 2
1 21
46. Since C
F N ds R
div F dA, then
C
f D N g ds C
f g N ds
R
div f g dA R
f div g f g dA R
f 2g f g dA.
48. C
f x dx g y dy
R

x
g y

y
f x dA
R
0 0 dA 0
Section 14.5 Parametric Surfaces
2. ru, v u cos v i u sin v j uk 4. ru, v 4 cos ui 4 sin uj vk

x2 y2 z2 x 2 y 2 16
Matches d. Matches a.
1
6. ru, v 2u cos v i 2u sin v j u 2 k 8. ru, v 3 cos v cos ui 3 cos v sin u j 5 sin vk
2
1 1 x 2 y 2 9 cos2 v cos2 u 9 cos2 v sin2 u 9 cos2 v
z u2, x 2 y 2 4u2 ⇒ z x2 y2
2 8
x2 y2 z2
cos2 v sin2 v 1
Paraboloid 9 25
z x2 y2 z2
1
4 9 9 25
Ellipsoid
z
4 4 y 5
x
3 3 4 y
4
x
For Exercises 10 and 12, z
r u, v
u cos vi u sin vj u 2 k, 0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2.
5
Eliminating the parameter yields

z x 2 y 2, 0 ≤ z ≤ 4.
y
2 2
x
10. su, v u cos v i u 2 j u sin vk, 0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2

y x2 z2
The paraboloid opens along the y-axis instead of the z-axis.
12. su, v 4u cos v i 4u sin v j u 2 k, 0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2

x2 y2
z
16
The paraboloid is “wider.” The top is now the circle x 2 y 2 64. It was x 2 y 2 4.
14. ru, v 2 cos v cos ui 4 cos v sin u j sin vk, 16. ru, v 2u cos v i 2u sin v j v k,
0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2 z
0 ≤ u ≤ 1, 0 ≤ v ≤ 3 z

y
5
x2 y2 z2 z arctan
1
4
4 16 1 3
−4
−5 x 8
−5
4
3 −4 −4
4
5 −2
x −3 5 y
2 2
−4 4 4
−5 x y
18. ru, v cos3 u cos v i sin3 u sin v j uk, 20. z 6 x y

z
ru, v u i v j 6 u vk
0 ≤ u ≤ , 0 ≤ v ≤ 2
2
2
−1
−1
1
x 1
y
x2 y2 z2
22. 4x 2 y 2 16 24. 1
9 4 1
ru, v 2 cos ui 4 sin uj vk
ru, v 3 cos v cos ui 2 cos v sin uj sin vk
26. z x 2 y 2 inside x 2 y 2 9. 28. Function: y x3 2, 0 ≤ x ≤ 4

ru, v v cos u i v sin uj v 2 k, 0 ≤ v ≤ 3 Axis of revolution: x-axis
x u, y u3 2 cos v, z u3 2 sin v
0 ≤ u ≤ 4, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2
30. Function: z 4 y 2, 0 ≤ y ≤ 2
Axis of revolution: y-axis
x 4 u 2 cos v, y u, z 4 u 2 sin v
0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2
Section 14.5 Parametric Surfaces 429
1
32. ru, v u i v j uv k, 1, 1, 1 34. ru, v 2u cosh v i 2u sinh v j u2 k,
2
v u ruu, v 2 cosh v i 2 sinh v j u k
ruu, v i k, rvu, v j k
2uv 2uv
rvu, v 2u sinh v i 2u cosh v j
At 1, 1, 1, u 1 and v 1.
At 4, 0, 2, u 2 and v 0.
1 1
ru1, 1 i k, rv1, 1 j k ru2, 0 2i 2k, rv2, 0 4j
2 2

N ru rv 8i 8k
i j k
N ru1, 1 rv1, 1 1 0 12 12 i 12 j k Direction numbers: 1, 0, 1
0 1 2
1 Tangent plane: x 4 z 2 0
Direction numbers: 1, 1, 2 x z 2
Tangent plane: x 1 y 1 2z 1 0
x y 2z 0
36. ru, v 4u cos v i 4u sin v j u2 k, 0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2

ruu, v 4 cos v i 4 sin v j 2u k
rvu, v 4u sin v i 4u cos v j
ru rv
ru rv
i
4 cos v
j k
4u sin v 4u cos v 0

64u 4 256u2

4 sin v 2u 8u 2 cos v i 8u 2 sin v j 16u k
8uu 2 4
A
0
2
0
2
8uu2 4 du dv
0
2
1282 64
3

3
dv 128
3
22 1
38. ru, v a sin u cos v i a sin u sin v j a cos uk, 0 ≤ u ≤ π, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2

ruu, v a cos u cos v i a cos u sin v j a sin uk
rvu, v a sin u sin v i a sin u cos v j
i j k

ru rv a cos u cos v a cos u sin v a sin u a 2 sin2 u cos vi a 2 sin2 u sin v j a 2 sin u cos uk
a sin u sin v a sin u cos v
ru rv a2 sin u
0
A
0
2
0
a2 sin u du dv 4a 2
40. ru, v a b cos v cos u i a b cos v sin u j b sin v k, a > b, 0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2

ruu, v a b cos v sin u i a b cos v cos u j
rvu, v b sin v cos u i b sin v sin u j b cos v k
i
ru rv a b cos v sin u
b sin v cos u
j
a b cos v cos u
b sin v sin u
k
0
b cos v
b cos u cos v a b cos v i b sin u cos v a b cos v j b sin v a b cos v k
ru rv ba b cos v
A
0
2 2
0
ba b cos v du dv 4 2ab
42. ru, v sin u cos v i u j sin u sin vk, 0 ≤ u ≤ , 0 ≤ v ≤ 2

ruu, v cos u cos v i j cos u sin vk
rvu, v sin u sin v i sin u cos vk
ru rv sin u cos v i cos u sin u j sin u sin vk
ru rv sin u 1 cos2 u

2
2 1
A
0 0
sin u 1 cos2 u du dv 22 ln 2 1
44. See the definition, page 1055.
46. Graph of ru, v u cos v i u sin v j vk

0 ≤ u ≤ , 0 ≤ v ≤ from
(a) 10, 0, 0 (b) 0, 0, 10 (c) 10, 10, 10
z z
3
−3 3
y y
−3 3
3
x 3 y
3
−3
x
48. ru, v 2u cos v i 2u sin v j vk, 0 ≤ u ≤ 1, 0 ≤ v ≤ 3

2
(a) If u 1: (b) If v :
3
r1, v 2 cos v i 2 sin v j vk 2 2
x2 y2 4 z

r u,
3
u i 3 u j
3
k
y 3 x
z
0 ≤ z ≤ 3 10
2
8 2
Helix z
3 −2
1 −2
4 −1 −1
Line
2
1 1
−2 −2
2 2
x 2 2 x y
y
(c) If one parameter is held constant, the result is a curve in 3-space.
50. x 2 y 2 z 2 1
Let x u cos v, y u sin v, and z u 2 1 . Then,
u
ruu, v cos v i sin v j k
u 2 1
rvu, v u sin v i u cos v j.
At 1, 0, 0, u 1 and v 0. ru1, 0 is undefined and rv1, 0 j. The tangent plane at 1, 0, 0 is x 1.
Section 14.6 Surface Integrals 431
52. ru, v ui f u cos v j f u sin vk, a ≤ u ≤ b, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2

ruu, v i fu cos v j fu sin vk
rvu, v f u sin v j f u cos vk
i
j k
ru rv 1 fu cos v fu sin v
0 f u sin v f u cos v
ru rv f u1 fu2
f u fu i f u cos v j f u sin vk
A 2
0 a
b
f u1 fu2 du dv

2
b
a
f x1 f x2 dx since u x
Section 14.6 Surface Integrals
z z
2. S: z 15 2x 3y, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2, 0 ≤ y ≤ 4, 2, 3, dS 1 4 9 dy dx 14 dy dx
x y

S
x 2y z dS
0
2
0
4
x 2y 15 2x 3y14 dy dx
14 2
0
4
0
15 x y dy dx 12814
2 z z
4. S: z x 32, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ x, x 12, 0
3 x y

S
x 2y z dS
0
1
0
x
2

x 2y x 32 1 x 122 02 dy dx
3

0
1
0
x
2
x 2y x 32 1 x dy dx
3

2
3 0
1
x 52x 1 dx

3 4
2 1 52
x 1 x 32
1
0

5
12 0
1
x321 x dx

6x
1 52 1 x 32
1
0

5 1
12 3
x 32 1 x32
1
0

5
24
1
0
x121 x dx

2
3

52
18

5
24 0
1
x x2 dx

2
18

5
24
0
1
x
1
2
2

1
4
dx
2

x 21x
1
5 1 1 1
2 x ln x x2 x
18 24 2 4 2 0

2
18

5 3
48 2
1 3 1 1
2 ln 2 ln
4 2 4 2

2
18

152
96

5
ln
1
192 3 22

612
288

5
192
ln 3 22 0.2536
z z
6. S: z h, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2, 0 ≤ y ≤ 4 x 2, 0
x y

S
dx dS
0
2
0
4x 2
xy dy dx
1
2 2
0
x4 x 2 dx
1
2
2x 2
x4
4
2
0
2
1 z 1 z 1
8. S: z xy, 0 ≤ x ≤ 4, 0 ≤ y ≤ 4, y, x
2 x 2 y 2

S
xy dS
0
4 4
0
xy 1 y4 x4 dy dx 3904
2
15

2
160
3
5
x
10. S: z cos x, 0 ≤ x ≤ , 0 ≤ y ≤
2 2

S
x 2 2xy dS
0
2 x2
0
x 2 2xy1 sin2 x dy dx 0
2
x3
4
1 sin2 x dx 0.52
12. S: z a 2 x 2 y 2 z
x, y, z kz a
m
S
kz dS R
ka2 x 2 y 2 1 x
a 2 x 2 y 2
a
2
2
y
x2 y2

2
dA

a a y

R
ka 2 x 2 y 2 a
a 2 x 2 y 2

dA x
R
ka dA ka
R
dA ka2a2 2ka3

14. S: ru, v 2 cos u i 2 sin u j vk, 0 ≤ u ≤ ,
2
0 ≤ v ≤ 2
ru rv 2 cos ui 2 sin u j 2

S
x y dS 0
2
0
2
2 cos u 2 sin u2 du dv 16
16. S: ru, v 4u cos v i 4u sin v j 3uk, 0 ≤ u ≤ 4, 0 ≤ v ≤

ru rv 12u cos v i 12u sin v j 16uk 20u

S
x y dS 0
4
0
4u cos v 4u sin v20u du dv
10,240
3
xy
18. f x, y, z
z
S: z x 2 y 2, 4 ≤ x 2 y 2 ≤ 16

S
f x, y, z dS S
xy
x2 y2
1 4x 2 4y 2 dy dx
0
2
2
4
r 2 sin
cos
r2
1 4r 2 r dr d
2
0
4
2
r1 4r 2 sin
cos
dr d

2
0
1
12
1 4r 232
4
2
sin
cos
d
65 1717 sin2

2

65 12 2 0
0
20. f x, y, z x 2 y 2 z 2
S: z x 2 y 2, x 12 y 2 ≤ 1

S
f x, y, z dS
S
x 2 y 2 x 2 y 2
2
1 x 2
x
y2
x y y
2
2 2
2
dy dx

S
2x 2 y 2 2xx yy dy dx
2
2
2
2
2 S
x 2 y 2 dy dx 2
0

0
2 cos
r 2 dr d

16
3
0
cos3
d

16
3
0
1 sin2
cos
d

sin3

3 sin

16
0
3 0
22. f x, y, z x 2 y 2 z 2
S: x 2 y 2 9, 0 ≤ x ≤ 3, 0 ≤ z ≤ x
Project the solid onto the xz-plane; y 9 x 2.

S
f x, y, z dS
0
3
0
x
x 2 9 x 2 z 2 1
x
9 x 2
2
02 dz dx

0
3
0
x
9 z 2
3
9 x 2
dz dx
0
3
9 x 2
9z
z3
3
x
0
dx
0
3
3
9 x 2
9x
3
x3
dx 3
0
27x9 x 212 dx 0
3
x 39 x 212 dx
Let u x 2, dv x9 x 212 dx, then du 2x dx, v 9 x 2.
279 x 2
x 9 x
3
0
2 2
3
0
0
3
2x9 x 2 dx

3
2
81 9 x 232 81 18 99
3 0
24. Fx, y, z x i y j y
S: 2x 3y z 6 (first octant) 3
Gx, y, z 2x 3y z 6 y = − 23 x + 2
2
Gx, y, z 2 i 3 j k
1

R
3 2x3 2
F N dS F G dA 2x 3y dy dx 1 2 3
x
S R 0 0

0
3
4
3
3 2
x 2 4x x 2
2 3 dx
2

3 3
4 3 2
x 3 2x 2 x 2 12
9 4 3 0
26. Fx, y, z x i y j z k y
6 x2 + y2 = 62
S: x 2 y 2 z 2 36 (first octant)
5
z 36 x 2 y 2 4
3 R
Gx, y, z z 36 x 2 y 2 2
1
x y
Gx, y, z i jk x
36 x y
2 2 36 x 2 y 2 1 2 3 4 5 6
x2 y2 36
F G z
36 x y
2 2 36 x 2 y 2 36 x 2 y 2

S
F N dS
R
F G dA
R 36 x 2 y 2
36
dA

0
2
0
6
36
36 r 2
r dr d
(improper)
108
28. Fx, y, z x i y j 2z k y
x 2 + y2 ≤ a 2
S: z a 2 x 2 y 2 a
Gx, y, z z a 2 x 2 y 2
x
−a a
x y
Gx, y, z i jk
a 2 x 2 y 2 a 2 x 2 y 2
−a
x2 y2 3x 2 3y 2 2a 2
F G 2a 2 x 2 y 2
a x y
2 2 2 a x y
2 2 2 a 2 x 2 y 2

S
F N dS
R
F G dA
R
3x 2 3y 2 2a 2
a 2 x 2 y 2
dA

0
2
0
a
3r 2 2a 2
a 2 r 2
r dr d
3 0
2
0
a
r3
a 2 r 2
dr d
2a 2
2
0
a
0
r
a 2 r 2
dr d

2 2

a a

a
2
3 r 2a 2 r 2 a 2 r 232 d
2a 2 2 r2 d
0 3 0 0 0
3 2
0
2 3
3
a d
2a 2 0
2
a d
0
30. Fx, y, z x y i y j z k
S: z 1 x 2 y 2, z 0
Gx, y, z z x 2 y 2 1
Gx, y, z 2x i 2y j k
F G 2xx y 2y y 1 x 2 y 2 xx 2 2xy y 2 1

S
F N dS
R
F G dA
R
x 2 2xy y 2 1 dA

0
2
0
1
r 2 2r 2 cos
sin
1r dr d

0
2
3 1
4 2
3
sin
cos
d

4
sin2
4

2
0

3
2
The flux across the bottom z 0 is zero.
32. A surface is orientable if a unit normal vector N can be 34. Orientable

defined at every nonboundary point of S in such a way that
the normal vectors vary continuously over the surface S.
36. E yz i xz j x y k
S: z 1 x 2 y 2
S
E N dS
R
E gxx, y i gyx, y j k dA

R
yz i xz j x yk 1 xx 2 y2
i
1 x 2 y 2
y
j k dA
1 1x 2

R
2xyz
1 x 2 y 2
xy dA R
3xy dA
1 1x 2
3xy dy dx 0
38. x 2 y 2 z 2 a 2
z ± a 2 x 2 y 2
m2 S
k dS 2k
R
1 a 2
x
x2 y2
a
2
2
y
x2 y2

2
dA
2k
R
a
a 2 x 2 y 2
dA 2ka 0
2
0
a
r
a 2 r 2
dr d

2ka a 2 r 2 2 4ka 2
0
Iz 2 S
kx 2 y 2 dS
2k R
x 2 y 2
a 2
a
x2 y2
dA 2ka
0
2
0
a
a 2
r3
r2
dr d
(use integration by parts)

2
2ka r 2a 2 r 2 a 2 r 232 2
3 0
2ka 23a 2 32 a 4ka 32 a m

3 2 2 2
Let u r 2, dv ra 2 r 212 dr, du 2r dr, v a 2 r 2.
40. z x 2 y 2, 0 ≤ z ≤ h z
Project the solid onto the xy-plane.

h
Iz x 2 y 21 dS
S

h hx 2 y
x y 1 4x 2 4y 2 dy dx
2 2
x
h hx 2

2 h
r 21 4r 2 r dr d
0 0
2
2
12h 1 4h 32

1
120
1 4h52
120
1 4h32
10h 1 4h 1 4h326h 1 1
60 60 60
42. S: z 16 x 2 y 2
Fx, y, z 0.5zk

S
F N dS R
F gxx, yi gyx, yj k dA
R
0.5z k
x
16 x 2 y 2
i
y
16 x 2 y 2

j k dA
R
0.5 z dA
R
0.516 x 2 y 2 d
0.5 0
2 4
0
16 r 2r dr d 0.5 2
0
64
3
d
64
3
Section 14.7 Divergence Theorem
2. Surface Integral: There are three surfaces to the cylinder.

Bottom: z 0, N k, F N z 2

S1
0 dS 0
Top: z h, N k, F N z 2

S2
h 2 dS h 2 Area of circle) 4h 2
Side: ru, v 2 cos ui 2 sin u j v k, 0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ h

ru 2 sin ui 2 cos u j, rv k
ru
rv 2 cos ui 2 sin uj
F ru
rv 8 cos2 u 8 sin2 u

S3
F N dS
0
h
0
2
8 cos2 u 8 sin2 u du dv 0
Therefore,
S
F N dS 0 4h2 0 4h2.
Divergence Theorem: div F 2 2 2z 2z
Q
2z dV 2
0 0
2
0
h
2zr dz dr d 4h 2.
2 y
x 2
Section 14.7 Divergence Theorem 437
4. Fx, y, z xyi z j x y k
S: surface bounded by the planes y 4, z 4 x and the coordinate planes
Surface Integral: There are five surfaces to this solid.
z 0, N k, F N x y

S1
x y dS 0
4
0
4
x y dy dx 4
0
4x 8 dx 64
y 0, N j, F N z

S2
z dS 4
0 0
4x
z dz dx 0
4
4 x2
2
dx
32
3
y 4, N j, F N z

S3
z dS
0
4
0
4x
z dz dx 4
0
4 x2
2
dx
32
3
x 0, N i, F N xy

S4
xy dS 0
4
0
4
0 dS 0
i k 1
x z 4, N , FN xy x y , dS 2 dA
2 2

S5
1
2
xy x y 2 dA 0
4
0
4
xy x y dy dx 128
Therefore, F N dS 64
S
32
3 32
3 0 128 64.
Divergence Theorem: Since div F y, we have

Q
div F dV 0
4
0
4
0
4x
y dz dy dx 64.
6. Since div F 2xz 2 2 3xy we have

Q
div F dV
0
a
0
a
0
a
2xz2 2 3xy dz dy dx
0
a a
0
2 3
3
xa 2a 3xya dy dx

0
a
2 4
3
3
xa 2a2 xa3 dx
2
1 3
a6 2a3 a5.
3 4
8. Since div F y z y z, we have

2
a a 2x 2 a 2x 2y 2 a a 2r 2
div F dV z dz dy dx zr dz dr d
a a 2x 2 0 0 0 0

Q
2 2 2 4
a 4
a a

a 2r r 3 a 2r 2 r 4 a
dr d d d .
0 0 2 2 0 4 8 0 0 8 4
10. Since div F xz, we have

4 3 9y 2
4 3
xz dV z
xz dx dy dz 0 dy dz 0.
0 3 9y 2
0 3 2
Q
12. Since div F y 2 x 2 ez, we have
16 256x2 8

x 2 y 2 ez dV x 2 y 2 ez dz dy dx
0 256x2 12x 2 y 2

Q
2 16 8 2 16

0 0 r2
r 2 ezr dz dr d
0 0
1
8r 3 re8 r 4 re r2 dr d
2

2
0
131,052
5
100e8 d
262,104
5
200e8
14. Since div F e z e z e z 3e z, we have
Q
3ez dV
6
0
4
0 0
4y
3e z dz dy dx 6
0
4
0
3e 4y 1 dy dx
0
6
3e 4 5 dx 18e 4 5.
16. div F 2

S
F N dS Q
div F dV Q
2 dV.
The surface S is the upper half of a hemisphere of radius 2. Since the volume is 12 43 23 163, you have

S
F N dS 2Volume
32
3
.
18. Using the Divergence Theorem, we have
curl F N dS div curlF dV

S
Q
i j k

curl Fx, y, z xz y sin x i yz xy sin z j yz cos x x cos z k.
x y z
xy cos z yz sin x xyz
Now, div curl Fx, y, z z y cos x z x sin z y cos x x sin z 0. Therefore,

S
curl F N dS Q
div curl F dV 0.
20. If div Fx, y, z > 0, then source. 22. v

0
a a
0
x dy dz
a
0 0
a
a dy dz 0
a
a 2 dz a 3

If div Fx, y, z < 0, then sink. a a a a
Similarly, y dz dx z dx dy a 3.
If div Fx, y, z 0, then incompressible. 0 0 0 0
24. If Fx, y, z a1 i a 2 j a 3 k, then div F 0.

Therefore,

S
F N dS Q
div F dV Q
0 dV 0.
26. If Fx, y, z x i yj z k, then div F 3.

1
F
S
F N dS
1
F Q
div F dV
1
F Q
3 dV
3
F
Q
dV
28.
S
f D N g gD N f dS S
f D N g dS
S
gD N f dS
Q
f 2g f g dV
Q
g 2f g f dV
Q
f 2g g 2f dV
Section 14.8 Stokes’s Theorem 439
Section 14.8 Stokes’s Theorem

2. F x, y, z x 2 i y 2 j x 2 k 4. F x, y, z x sin y i y cos x j yz 2 k
i j k i j k
2x j
curl F x y z curl F x y z
x 2
y2 x2 x sin y y cos x yz 2
z 2 i y sin x x cos yk

6. F x, y, z arcsin y i 1 x 2 j y 2 k
i j k

curl F x y z
arcsin y 1 x2 y2
1x x k
1
2y i
2 1 y 2
1 x x k
1
2y i
2 1 y 2
8. In this case C is the circle x 2 y 2 4, z 0, dz 0.
Line Integral: C
F dr C
y dx x dy
Let x 2 cos t, y 2 sin t, then dx 2 sin t dt, dy 2 cos t dt, and C

y dx x dy 2
0
4 dt 8.
F 2xi 2yj k
Double Integral: Fx, y, z z x 2 y 2 4, N , dS 1 4x 2 4y 2 dA
F 1 4x 2 4y 2
curl F 2k, therefore
curl F NdS R
2 dA 2
2
4x 2
4x 2
2 dy dx 2 2
2
24 x 2 dx
4 2
2

4 x 2 dx 2 x4 x 2 4 arcsin
x
2 2
2
8.
10. Line Integral: From the accompanying figure we see that for z
C1: y 0, z 0, dy dz 0
1
C3
C2: z y 2, x 0, dx 0, dz 2y dy
C2
C3: y a, z a2, dy dz 0 C1
1
1 C4
C4: z y 2, x a, dx 0, dz 2y dy. x
y
Hence,
C
F dr C
z 2 dx x 2 dy y 2 dz

C1

0
C2
2y3 dy
C3
a4 dx
C4
a2 dy y22y dy
0

a

2y3 dy
0
a
a4 dx
a
0
a 2 dy
a
0
a y
2y3 dy a4 x
a
0
2
0
a
a5 a 3 a 3a2 1.
—CONTINUED—
10. —CONTINUED—
Double Integral: Since Fx, y, z y 2 z, we have
2yj k
N and dS 1 4y 2 dA.
1 4y 2
Furthermore, curl F 2y i 2z j 2 x k. Therefore,

S
curl F N dS
R
4yz 2x dA 0
a a
0
4y2 2x dy dx 0
a

a 4 2ax dx a4 x ax 2
a
0
a 3 a2 1.
\ \
12. Let A 0, 0, 0, B 1, 1, 1, and C 0, 0, 2. Then U AB i j k, and V AC 2k, and
U V 2i 2 j i j
N .
U V 22 2
Hence, Fx, y, z x y and dS 2 dA. Since curl F

2x
x2 y2
k, we have
S
curl F N dS
R
0 dS 0.
14. Fx, y, z 4xz i y j 4xyk, S: 9 x 2 y 2, z ≤ 0

curl F 4x i 4x 4y j
Gx, y, z x 2 y 2 z 9
Gx, y, z 2x i 2y j k

S
curl F N dS
R
8x 2 2y 4x 4y dA

3
3 9x 2
9x 2
8x 2 8xy 8y 2 dy dx

3
3
16x29 x2
16
3
9 x232 dx 0

16. Fx, y, z x 2 i z 2 j xyz k, S: z 4 x 2 y 2
i j k

curl F x y z xz 2z i yzj
x2 z2 xyz
Gx, y, z z 4 x 2 y 2
x y
Gx, y, z i jk
4 x 2 y 2 4 x 2 y 2

S
curl F N dS
R
zx 2x
4 x y
2 2

y 2z
4 x 2 y 2
dA

R
xx 2 y 2 dA 2
2 4x 2
4x 2
x 2 2x y 2 dy dx

2
2
x 2 y 2xy
y3
3
4x2
4x2
dx

2
2
2
2x 24 x 2 4x4 x 2 4 x 24 x 2 dx
3

2
2
8 8
x 24 x 2 4x4 x 2 4 x 2 dx
3 3
3
8x2x
x4 x
2
8 1 x 4 8 1 x
24 4 x 2 16 arcsin 4 x 2 32 2 4 arcsin
2 3 3 2 2 2

38 3 2 3 8 3 2 0
1 4 1 4

Section 14.8 Stokes’s Theorem 441

18. Fx, y, z yz i 2 3y j x 2 y 2 k
i j k

curl F x y z 2y i y 2x j z k
yz 2 3y x 2 y 2
S: the first octant portion of x z 2 16 over x 2 y 2 16
2
Gx, y, z z 16 x 2
x
Gx, y, z ik
16 x 2

S
curl F N dS R
2xy
16 x 2
z dA
R
2xy
16 x 2
16 x 2 dA
4
0
16x 2
0
162xy x 2
16 x 2 dy dx
4
0
x
16 x 2
y 2 16 x 2 y
16x 2
0
dx
4
0
x 16 x 2 16 x 2 dx

4
1 x3
16 x 2 32 16x
3 3 0
64
64
3

64
3

64
3

20. Fx, y, z xyz i y j z k
i j k

curl F x y z xyj xzk
xyz y z
S: the first octant portion of z x 2 over x 2 y 2 a 2. We have
2x i k
N and dS 1 4x 2 dA.
1 4x 2
S
curl F N dS
R
xz dA
R
x 3 dA

0
a
0
a 2 x2
x 3 dy dx
0
a
x 3a 2 x 2 dx

a
1 2
x 2a 2 x 2 32 a 2 x 2 52
3 15 0
2 5
a
15
22. Fx, y, z z i yk

S: x 2 y 2 1
i j k

curl F ij
x y z
z 0 y
Letting N k, curl F N 0 and S

curl F N dS 0.
24. curl F measures the rotational tendency.

See page 1084.
26. f x, y, z xyz, gx, y, z z, S: z 4 x 2 y 2

(a) gx, y, z k
f x, y, z gx, y, z xyzk
rt 2 cos t i 2 sin t j 0k, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2
C
f x, y, z gx, y, z dr 0
(b) f x, y, z yz i xz j xyk

gx, y, z k
N
0
i
f
g yz

x
0
j
xz
i
k
1
xy xz i yz j
y
jk
4 x 2 y 2 4 x 2 y 2
1 x
4 yx y
2 2
2
dS dA dA
4 x 2 y 2 2 2 4 x 2 y 2
S
f x, y, z
gx, y, z N dS
S
x 2z
4 x y
2 2

y 2z 2

4 x 2 y 2 4 x 2 y 2
dA

S
2x 2 y 2
4 x 2 y 2
dA

0
2 2
0
2r 2cos 2 sin 2
4 r 2
r d dr

0
2
2r 3
4 r 2 2 1 sin 2
2
0
dr 0
Review Exercises for Chapter 14
2. Fx, y i 2yj 4. f x, y, z x 2eyz

y
Fx, y, z 2xeyz i x 2ze yz j x 2 ye y z k
5
4 xeyz2i xz j x y k
3
2
x
−1 2 4
−2
−3
−4
−5
Review Exercises for Chapter 14 443
6. Since M y 1 x 2 N x, F is conservative. From M U x y x 2 and N U y 1 x, partial integration

yields U y x h y and U y x gx which suggests that Ux, y y x C.
8. Since M y 6y 2 sin 2x N x, F is conservative. From M U x 2y3 sin 2x and N U y 3y 21 cos 2x,
we obtain U y3 cos 2x h y and U y31 cos 2x gx which suggests that h y y3, gx C, and
Ux, y y31 cos 2x C.
10. Since 12. Since

M N M N M P
4x , sin z , y cos z ,
y x y x z x
M P F is not conservative.
2z ,
z x
N P
6y
z y
F is not conservative.
14. Since F xy 2 j z x 2 k; 16. Since F 3x y i y 2z j z 3x k:

(a) div F 2xy x2 (a) div F 3 1 1 5
(b) curl F 2xz j y 2k
(b) curl F 2i 3j k
z z
18. Since F x 2 y i x sin2 y j: 20. Since F i j z 2 k:
x y
(a) div F 2x 2 sin y cos y
(b) curl F 0
(a) div F
z

z
x2 y 2
1 1
2z z 2 2 2
x y
1 1
(b) curl F i j
y x
22. (a) Let x 5t, y 4t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1, then ds 41 dt. y

C
xy ds 1
0
20t 2 41 dt
2041
3
4
3
y = − 12 x + 2
(b) C1: x t, y 0, 0 ≤ t ≤ 4, ds dt 2 (0, 2)
C3 C2
C2: x 4 4t, y 2t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1, ds 25 dt (4, 0)
C3: x 0, y 2 t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2, ds dt
x
C1 3 4
Therefore, C
xy ds
4
0
0 dt
0
1
8t 8t 2 25 dt
0
2
0 dt
85
t2 t3
2 3 1
165 .
0 3
dx dy
24. x t sin t, y 1 cos t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2, 1 cos t, sin t
dt dt
C
x ds
0
2
t sin t1 cos t2 sin t2 dt 0
2
t sin t2 2 cos t dt
2 0
2
t1 cos t sin t1 cos t dt 2 32 1 cos t3 2
0
2
2
2
0
t1 cos t dt
2 0
2
t1 cos t dt
8

26. x cos t t sin t, y sin t t sin t, 0 ≤ t ≤ , dx t cos t dt, dy cos t t cos t sin t dt
2
C
2x y dx x 3y dy 2
0
sin t cos t5t 2 6t 2 cos2 tt 1 sin2 t2t 3 dt 1.01
28. r t t i t 2 j t 3 2 k, 0 ≤ t ≤ 4
3
xt 1, yt 2t, zt t1 2
2
C
x 2 y 2 z2 ds 0
4
t 2 t 4 t3 1 4t 2 9
t dt 2080.59
4
30. f x, y 12 x y
C: y x 2 from 0, 0 to 2, 4
rt t i t 2 j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2
rt i 2t j
rt 1 4t 2
C
f x, y ds 2
0
12 t t 21 4t 2 dt 41.532
32. dr 4 sin t i 3 cos t j dt

F 4 cos t 3 sin t i 4 cos t 3 sin t j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2
C
F dr 0
2
12 7 sin t cos t dt 12t
7 sin2 t
2
2

0
24
34. x 2 t, y 2 t, z 4t t 2, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2
dr i j 24tt t k
dt 2
F 4 2t 4t t 2 i 4t t 2 2 t j 0k
C
F dr 0
2
t 2 dt t2 2t
2 2
0
2
36. Let x 2 sin t, y 2 cos t, z 4 sin2 t, 0 ≤ t ≤ .

dr 2 cos t i 2 sin t j 8 sin t cos t k dt
F 0 i 4 j 2 sin t k
C
F dr 0

8 sin t 16 sin2 t cos t dt 8 cos t 16 3
3
sin t
0
16
38. C
F dr 2x y dx 2y x dy
C
rt 2 cos t 2t sin t i 2 sin t 2t cos t j, 0 ≤ t ≤
C
F dr 4 2 4
2000 5280
40. rt 10 sin t i 10 cos t j t k, 0 ≤ t ≤
2 2
25
10 sin t i 10 cos t j tk
33
F 20k

dr 10 cos t i 10 sin t j
25
33
k
C
F dr 2
0
500
33
dt
250
33
mi ton
42. C
y dx x dy
1
z
dz xy ln z
4, 4, 4)

0, 0, 1 16 ln 4
44. x a sin , y a1 cos , 0 ≤ ≤ 2 y
1
(a) A 2 C
x dy y dx.
Since these equations orient the curve backwards, we will use C1
A
1
2 y dx x dy C2 2π a
x

1
2 0
2
a21 cos 1 cos a2 sin sin d
1
2
2 a
0
0 0 d

a2
2 2
0
1 2 cos cos2 sin sin2 d

a2
2 2
0
2 2 cos sin d
a2
2
6 3a2.
(b) By symmetry, x a. From Section 14.4,
y
1
2A C
y 2 dx
1
2A 0
2
a31 cos 21 cos d
1
23a2
5
a35 a
6
46. C
xy dx x 2 y 2 dy 0
2
0
2
2x x dy dx 48. C
x 2 y 2 dx 2xy dy
a a2 x 2
a a2 x 2
4y dy dx
0
2
2x dx 4
a
a
0 dx 0
50. C
y 2 dx x 4 3 dy 1
1 1x 2 33 2
(1x 2 3 3 2
43 x 1 3

2y dy dx
1
1 4 1 3
3
x yy 2
1x2 33 2
1x 2 33 2
dx
1
1 8 1 3
3
x 1 x2 33 2 dx
1
8 16
x 2 3 1 x2 35 2 1 x2 35 2
7 35 1
0
u
52. r u, v eu 4 cos v i eu 4 sin v j k
6
0 ≤ u ≤ 4, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2
2 2
x y
54. S: ru, v u v i u v j sin v k, 0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤

ru u, v i j
ru u, v i j cos v k
i j
ru
rv 1 1 0

k
1 1 cos v
ru
rv 2 cos2 v 4
cos v i cos v j 2 k
S
z dS

0 0
2
sin v2 cos2 v 4 du dv 2 6 2 ln 66 22

56. (a) z aa x2 y2, 0 ≤ z ≤ a2 z
a2
z 0 ⇒ x2 y2 a2
(b) S: gx, y z a2 ax2 y2
x, y kx2 y2
m
S
ex, y, z dS
x
a a y

R
kx2 y2 1 gx2 gy2 dA
k R
x2 y2 1 x ax y 2
2 2
2
a2y2
x y2
2 dA
k R

a2 1 x2 y2 dA
ka2 1
2
0 0
a
r2 dr d
ka2 1 2
0
a3
3
d
2
ka2 1 a3
3
58. Fx, y, z x i y j z k
Q: solid region bounded by the coordinate planes and the plane 2x 3y 4z 12 z
(0, 0, 3)
Surface Integral: There are four surfaces for this solid.
z0 N k, F N z, S1
0 dS 0
y

(0, 4, 0)
(6, 0, 0)
y 0, N j, F N y, 0 dS 0
x
S2
x 0, N i, F N x, S3
0 dS 0
2x 3y 4z 12, N
2i 3j 4k
29
, dS 1 14 169 dA 29
4
dA

S4
N F dS
1
4
R
2x 3y 4z dy dx

1
4
0
6
0
(122x) 3
12 dy dx 3
0
6
4
2x
3 dx 3 4x
x2
3
0
36
Triple Integral: Since div F 3, the Divergence Theorem yields.

Q
div F dV Q
3 dV 3Volume of solid 3 13 Area of baseHeight
21 643 36.
60. Fx, y, z x z i y z j x 2 k z
(0, 0, 6)
S: first octant portion of the plane 3x y 2z 12
Line Integral:
12 3x 3 x
(4, 0, 0)
C1: y 0, dy 0, z , dz dx y
2 2 (0, 12, 0)
12 y 1
C2: x 0, dx 0, z , dz dy
2 2
C3: z 0, dz 0, y 12 3x, dy 3 dx
C
F dr
C
x z dx y z dy x 2 dz

C1
x
12 3x
2
x2
3
2
dx y 12 2 y
dy
C2 C3
x 12 3x3 dx

4
0
3
2
5
x 2 x 6 dx
2 12
0
32 y 6 dy
4
0
10x 36 dx 8
12 3x y
Double Integral: Gx, y, z z
2
3 1
Gx, y, z i j k
2 2
curl F i 2x 1 j
S
curl F N dS 4
0
123x
0
x 1 dy dx
4
0
3x 2 15x 12 dx 8

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C H A P T E R 14

Section 14.1 Vector Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

Section 14.2 Line Integrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412

Section 14.3 Conservative Vector Fields and Independence of Path . . . . . . 419

Section 14.4 Green’s Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

Section 14.5 Parametric Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

Section 14.6 Surface Integrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

Section 14.7 Divergence Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436

Section 14.8 Stokes’s Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

Review Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442

Problem Solving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

8. Fx, y 2i 10. Fx, y x i yj

12. Fx, y x i 14. Fx, y x2 y2 i j

16. Fx, y, z x i y j z k 18. Fx, y 2y 3x i 2y 3x j

20. Fx, y, z xi yj z k 22. f x, y sin 3x cos 4y

Not conservative Conservative

f x, y, z dz z px, y K3

60. Fx, y, z lnx 2 y 2 i xy j ln y 2 z 2k

62. Fx, y, z x 2z i 2xz j yz k 64. Fx, y, z lnxyzi j k

xx 2z 1i zz 2x 1k

80. Let F M i N j P k and G R i Sj T k.

84. Let F M i  Nj  Pk.

In Exercises 86 and 88, Fx, y, z x i yj zk and f x, y, z

Section 14.2 Line Integrals

10. rt 12t i  5t j  3 k, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2; rt 12i  5j

20. x, y, z z 22. Fx, y xyi  yj

24. Fx, y 3x i  4y j 26. Fx, y, z x 2 i  y 2 j  z 2 k

32. Fx, y y i x j 34. Fx, y, z yz i  xz j  xyk

38. Fx, y x2 y i  xy3 2 j

1  2 cos t 4 cos

40. Fx, y 3y i  x j 42. Fx, y x i  yj

44. x 2t, y 10t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 ⇒ y 5x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2

46. x 2t, y 10t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 ⇒ y 5x, dy 5 dx, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2

56. f x, y y 58. f x, y x  y

Lateral surface area:

70. See the definition, page 1024. 72. (a) Work 0

Section 14.3 Conservative Vector Fields and Independence of Path

Since My Nx 3, F x, y

(a) and (d) Since C is a closed curve,  C

This does not contradict Theorem 14.7 since F is not

44. A line integral is independent of path if  C

48. True 50. False, the requirement is My Nx.

Section 14.4 Green’s Theorem

4. rt cos t i  sin t j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2 y

6. C: boundary of the region lying between the graphs of y x and y x 3

18. By Green’s Theorem,

20. By Green’s Theorem, y

7e 2 e2 2e 2 e 7e 2 e2 2e1 e2

22. Fx, y e x 3y i  ey  6x j

24. Fx, y 3x 2  y i  4xy 2 j

26. From the figure we see that y

28. Since the loop of the folium is formed on the interval 0 ≤ t ≤ ,

30. See Theorem 14.9: A

32. (a) For the moment about the x-axis, Mx R

For the moment about the y-axis, My R

40. In this case, 0 ≤  ≤ 2 and we let

x1 y2 y1 y1x2 x1 x1 y2 x2 y1

(b) Let C be the boundary of the region A

Section 14.5 Parametric Surfaces

2. ru, v u cos v i u sin v j uk 4. ru, v 4 cos ui 4 sin uj vk

For Exercises 10 and 12, z

Eliminating the parameter yields

10. su, v u cos v i u 2 j u sin vk, 0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2

f x, y, z dz z px, y K3

84. Let F M i Nj Pk.

In Exercises 86 and 88, Fx, y, z x i yj zk and f x, y, z

10. rt 12t i 5t j 3 k, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2; rt 12i 5j

20. x, y, z z 22. Fx, y xyi yj

24. Fx, y 3x i 4y j 26. Fx, y, z x 2 i y 2 j z 2 k

32. Fx, y y i x j 34. Fx, y, z yz i xz j xyk

38. Fx, y x2 y i xy32 j

1 2 cos t 4 cos

40. Fx, y 3y i x j 42. Fx, y x i yj

56. f x, y y 58. f x, y x y

Since My Nx 3, F x, y

(a) and (d) Since C is a closed curve, C

44. A line integral is independent of path if C

48. True 50. False, the requirement is My Nx.

4. rt cos t i sin t j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2 y

7e 2 e2 2e 2 e 7e 2 e2 2e1 e2

22. Fx, y e x 3y i ey 6x j

24. Fx, y 3x 2 y i 4xy 2 j

28. Since the loop of the folium is formed on the interval 0 ≤ t ≤ ,

40. In this case, 0 ≤ ≤ 2 and we let

x1 y2 y1 y1x2 x1 x1 y2 x2 y1

2. ru, v u cos v i u sin v j uk 4. ru, v 4 cos ui 4 sin uj vk

10. su, v u cos v i u 2 j u sin vk, 0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2

12. su, v 4u cos v i 4u sin v j u 2 k, 0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2

18. ru, v cos3 u cos v i sin3 u sin v j uk, 20. z 6 x y

36. ru, v 4u cos v i 4u sin v j u2 k, 0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2

38. ru, v a sin u cos v i a sin u sin v j a cos uk, 0 ≤ u ≤ π, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2

40. ru, v a b cos v cos u i a b cos v sin u j b sin v k, a > b, 0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2

42. ru, v sin u cos v i u j sin u sin vk, 0 ≤ u ≤ , 0 ≤ v ≤ 2

46. Graph of ru, v u cos v i u sin v j vk

48. ru, v 2u cos v i 2u sin v j vk, 0 ≤ u ≤ 1, 0 ≤ v ≤ 3

rvu, v u sin v i u cos v j.

65 1717 sin2

Let u x 2, dv x9 x 212 dx, then du 2x dx, v 9 x 2.

2ka 23a 2 32 a 4ka 32 a m

Let u r 2, dv ra 2 r 212 dr, du 2r dr, v a 2 r 2.

Side: ru, v 2 cos ui 2 sin u j v k, 0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ h

Divergence Theorem: div F 2 2 2z 2z

6. Since div F 2xz 2 2 3xy we have

8. Since div F y z y z, we have

16 256x2 8

curl F N dS div curlF dV

Now, div curl Fx, y, z z y cos x z x sin z y cos x x sin z 0. Therefore,

20. If div Fx, y, z > 0, then source. 22. v

24. If Fx, y, z a1 i a 2 j a 3 k, then div F 0.

26. If Fx, y, z x i yj z k, then div F 3.

8. In this case C is the circle x 2 y 2 4, z 0, dz 0.

Let x 2 cos t, y 2 sin t, then dx 2 sin t dt, dy 2 cos t dt, and C

Furthermore, curl F 2y i 2z j 2 x k. Therefore,

Hence, Fx, y, z x y and dS 2 dA. Since curl F

14. Fx, y, z 4xz i y j 4xyk, S: 9 x 2 y 2, z ≤ 0

26. f x, y, z xyz, gx, y, z z, S: z 4 x 2 y 2

(b) f x, y, z yz i xz j xyk

2. Fx, y i 2yj 4. f x, y, z x 2eyz

6. Since M y 1 x 2 N x, F is conservative. From M U x y x 2 and N U y 1 x, partial integration

14. Since F xy 2 j z x 2 k; 16. Since F 3x y i y 2z j z 3x k:

22. (a) Let x 5t, y 4t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1, then ds 41 dt. y

32. dr 4 sin t i 3 cos t j dt

36. Let x 2 sin t, y 2 cos t, z 4 sin2 t, 0 ≤ t ≤ .

rt 2 cos t 2t sin t i 2 sin t 2t cos t j, 0 ≤ t ≤

44. x a sin , y a1 cos , 0 ≤ ≤ 2 y

(b) By symmetry, x a. From Section 14.4,

54. S: ru, v u v i u v j sin v k, 0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤

56. (a) z aa x2 y2, 0 ≤ z ≤ a2 z