ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI -600 025

B.E/B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATIONS NOV/DEC 2014

(B.E. ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING)

SEVENTH SEMESTER

REGULATIONS : R-2008

EE2404- Power System Simulation Laboratory

Time 3 Hours Max: 100 Marks

1. A three phase overhead line 200km long R = 0.16 ohm/km and Conductor diameter of 2cm with
spacing 4, 5, 6 m transposed. Find the transmission line parameters when the line is delivering full
load of 50MW at 132kV, 0.8 power factor lagging, transmission efficiency, receiving end voltage
and regulation.
2. Develop a program to obtain bus admittance matrix Y‐bus of the given power
system. Use any suitable assumptions
G1
G2

T1
T2

1
2

0.1+0.3j
0.15+0.5j
0.02j

0.2+0.6j

0.028j
0.0125j

Line
Starting
Ending
Series
Line
Number
Bus
Bus
Line
Changing

Impedance
Admittance
1
1
2
0.1+0.3j
0.02j
2
2
3
0.15+0.5j
0.0125j
3
3
1
0.2+0.6j
0.028j

Figure 1 Table 1
3. An isolated power station has the following parameters

Turbine time constant, τT = 0.5sec, Governor time constant, τg = 0.2sec Generator inertia
constant, H = 5sec. Governor speed regulation = R per unit

The load varies by 0.8 percent for a 1 percent change in frequency, i.e, D = 0.8 Find the
load frequency dynamics of the system

4. Perform load flow analysis by Newton raphson method. Use any suitable assumptions

Line
Starting Bus
Voltage Magnitude
Angle
Real power
Reactive power
No.
1
1
1.04
0
0
0
2
2
1
10.69
0
0
3
3
1.05
20
0
0

Table 4.1
T1
T2

G1

G1

G1

G1
G2
 Admittance

Line
Starting
Ending
Series Line
Line 1
1
2
0.2+0.6j
0.05j

2
2
Changing 3
0.25+0.0125j
0.035j
No.
Bus
Bus 3
Impedance 3
1
0.02+0.28j
0.015j
Figure 4 Table 4.2
5. Develop a program to carry out simulation of a symmetrical three phase short circuit on a given
power system. Use any suitable assumptions

1
1

Line
Starting

Ending
Line

G1
3

No.
Bus

Bus
Changing

G1

Admittance
2

G1
1
1

0.05j
G2

2
1

2
0.05j
3
1

0.1j
4

4
2

0.06j
Figure 5

Table 5.1
Transformer Data

Transient

Generator Data

Gradient Reactance
Reactance

G1

0.25j
T1

0.10j

G2

0.20j
T2

0.08j

Table 5.2
Table 5.3
6. The fuel cost functions for three thermal plants in $/h are given by

C1
= 500 + 5.3 P1
2
+ 0.004 P1 ;
P1
in MW
C2
= 400 + 5.5 P2
2
+ 0.006 P2 ;
P2
in MW
C3
= 200 +5.8 P3
2
+ 0.009 P3 ;
P3
in MW
The total load , P D is 800MW.Neglecting line losses and generator limits, find the optimal dispatch and the
total cost in $/h by analytical method. Verify the result using MATLAB program
7. Develop a program to obtain bus impedance matrix Z-bus of the given power system. Use
any suitable assumptions

Figure 7

Line
Starting
Ending
Series Line
Line

Changing

No.
Bus
Bus
Impedance

Admittance

1
1
2
0.1+0.4j
0.15j

2
2
3
0.15+0.6j
0.02j

3
2
4
0.18+0.55j
0.018j

4
3
4
0.1+0.35j
0.012j

5
4
1
0.25+0.7j
0.03j

Table 7
Develop a program to compute bus admittance matrix for the given power system network.
Also verify the obtained results with calculated values. Use any suitable assumptions

Figure 8

LINE DATA:
Line Impedance
Charging Admittance

Bus code

1–2
0.2 + j 0.8
j 0.02

2–3
0.3 + j 0.9
j0.03

2–4
0.25 + j 1.0
j 0.04

3–4
0.2 + j 0.8
j0.02

1–3
0.1 + j 0.4
j0.01
Develop a program to compute bus admittance matrix for the given power system network.
Line admittance values are shown in the figure. Also verify the obtained results with
calculated values. Use any suitable assumptions

Figure 9

Develop a program to compute bus impedance matrix for the given power system network
shown in figure 10. Use any suitable assumptions

Generator reactance : 0.2 p.u & 0.25 p.u for G1 and G2 respectively.
Transformer leakage reactance: 0.08 p.u & 0.1 p.u for T1 and T2 respectively.

Figure 10
Develop a program to compute bus imp edance matrix for the given p ower system
network. Line imped ance values and transient reactance of generator & transformer are in
p.u is shown in the figure. 11. Use any suitable assumptions

Figure 11

12. Determine fault current, bus voltages and line flows, when short circuit fault occurs at
bus 3 for the system in figure 12 by using available soft ware. Use any suitable assumptions
Figure 12
A single phase overhead transmission line delivers 1100 kW at 11 kV at 0.8 P.F. lagging. The
total resistance and inductive reactance of the line are 8 ohm and 16 ohm respectively.
Determine a) Receiving end current. b) Sending end voltage. c) Sending end power. d)
Transmission efficiency and E) Percentage regulation.

A power system consists of two, 100 MW units, whose input cost data are represented by

the following equations:

2
F1 = 0.05 P1 + 20 P1 + 800 Rs/hr.

2
F2= 0.06 P2 + 15 P2 + 1000 Rs/hr.

If the total received power P = 150 MW. What would be the division of load between the
units for the most economic operation? Assume the initial Lambda value. Also verify the
obtained result with calculated value.

2 2
15. The fuel cost of two units are given by F1 = 0.1 P1 + 20 P1 + 1.5 Rs/hr. F2= 0.1 P2 + 30
P2 + 1.9 Rs/hr.

If the total demand on the generation is 200 MW, find the economic load scheduling of the
two units. Assume the initial Lambda value. Also verify the obtained result with the
calculated value.

16. The fuel cost of two units are given by

 2
F1 = 0.04 P1 + 16 P1 + 2.8
Rs/hr.

2
F2= 0.04 P2 + 12 P2 + 4.6
Rs/hr.

The B mn matrix is given by

0.01
‐0.005
‐0.005
0.024

Determine the economic

schedule for the

incremental cost of received power of Rs

20 / MWhr. Also find a) Total generation b) Transmission losses and

c) Demand. Verify

the obtained result with calculated value.

17. Considering the two area system, find the new steady state frequency and change in tie
line flow for a load change of area two by 100 MW. Area one is operating with the spinning
reserves of 1000 MW. Area two is operating with the spinning reserves of 1000 MW. Assume
following data for the system.

Capacity of area 1,
Pr1 = 1000 MW
Capacity of area 2,
Pr2 = 2000 MW
Nominal load of area 1, PD1
= 500 MW
Nominal load of area 2, PD2
= 1500 MW
Regulation of area 1,
R1 = 5%
Regulation of area 2
R2 = 4%
Nominal frequency
o
F = 50 Hz
For both areas, each percent change in frequency causes 1% change in load. Also verify the
obtained result with calculated value.

18. For an isolated single area consider the following data:

Total rated area capacity

Pr
= 3000 MW
Normal operating load
Pd = 2000 MW
Inertia constant
H
= 5 Secs
Regulation
R
= 2.5 Hz / p.u.M.W
Normal frequency
F
= 50 Hz
Assume that the load frequency characteristic is linear meaning that the load will increase 1
% for 1 % frequency increase. Find 1) Gain & Time constant of power system and 2) Change
in frequency under static condition. Also verify the obtained result with calculated value.
Develop a program to carryout load flow analysis of the given power system network
shown in figure 19 by using Gauss – Seidel method. Use any suitable assumptions

Figure 19

BUS SPECIFICATIONS:

BUS

V
GENERATION
LOAD
Q MIN
Q MAX
BUS
specified
(p.u)

(p.u)

NO

(p.u)
(p.u)

SLACK
(p.u)
P

Q
P
Q
1

1.06

‐
‐

‐
‐
‐

2
P‐V
1.00
0.6
‐
0.0
0.1
‐1.0
1.5

3
P‐Q
‐
‐

‐
0.45
0.15
‐
‐

4
P‐Q
‐
‐

‐
‐0.40
0.05
‐
‐

5
P‐Q
‐
‐

‐
0.6
0.1
‐
‐
LINE DATA:

LINE
SB
EB
SERIES
HALF LINE CHARGING

NO

IMPEDANCE(p.u)
ADMITTANCE(p.u)

1
1
2
0.02 + j 0.06
j 0.03
2
1
3
0.08 + j 0.24
j 0.025

3
2
3
0.06 + j 0.18
j 0.02

4
2
3
0.02 + j 0.08
j 0.02

5
2
5
0.04 + j 0.12
j 0.015

6
3
4
0.01 + j 0.03
j 0.01

7
4
5
0.08 + j 0.24
j 0.035
20. (a)Write the program in transient stability analysis of Single‐Machine Infinite Bus

System by using available software

(b) Write the program in transient stability analysis of Multi‐Machine Infinite Bus System
by using available software

Determine the transient voltage at a sending end and receiving end during electromagnetic
transient condition in power system and also verify the result by using suitable C++
Program.

Given:

Line voltage ei (0) = 1,

Surge impedance Zs = 400,

Surge Resistance Rs =0
‐7
Terminal impedance R1 = 4x10

Resistance per unit length per line (r) = 0.3

‐6
Leakage conductance per unit per length of line (g) = 65x10

Distance (L) = 640m,

 8
Velocity of light (q) = 3x10 m/sec.
Develop a program to compute bus admittance matrix for the given power system network
shown in figure 22 Also verify the obtained results with calculated values. Use any suitable
assumptions

Figure 22

LINE DATA:
Line Impedance
Charging Admittance
Bus code

1–2
0.2 + j 0.8
j 0.02

2–3
0.3 + j 0.9
j0.03

2–4
0.25 + j 1.0
j 0.04

3–4
0.2 + j 0.8
j0.02

1–3
0.1 + j 0.4
j0.01
Develop a program to compute bus admittance matrix for the given power system network.
Line admittance values are shown in the figure. Also verify the obtained results with
calculated values. Use any suitable assumptions

Figure 23

Develop a program to compute bus impedance matrix for the given power system network
shown in figure 24. Use any suitable assumptions
Generator reactance : 0.2 p.u & 0.25 p.u for G1 and G2 respectively.

Transformer leakage reactance: 0.08 p.u & 0.1 p.u for T1 and T2 respectively.

Figure 24
Develop a program to compute bus impedance matrix for the given power system network.
Line impedance values and transient reactance of generator & transformer are in p.u is
shown in the figure 25. Use any suitable assumptions

Figure 25

(a)Write the program in transient stability analysis of Single‐Machine Infinite Bus System
by using available software.
(b) Write the program in transient stability analysis of Multi‐Machine Infinite Bus System
by using available software.

A single phase overhead transmission line delivers 1100 kW at 11 kV at 0.8 P.F. lagging. The
total resistance and inductive reactance of the line are 8 ohm and 16 ohm respectively.
Determine a) Receiving end current. b) Sending end voltage. c) Sending end power. d)
Transmission efficiency and E) Percentage regulation.
A power system consists of two, 100 MW units, whose input cost data are represented by
the following equations:

2 2
F1 = 0.05 P1 + 20 P1 + 800 Rs/hr. F2= 0.06 P2 + 15 P2 + 1000 Rs/hr.

If the total received power P = 150 MW. What would be the division of load between the
units for the most economic operation? Assume the initial Lambda value. Also verify the
obtained result with calculated value.

2 2
29. The fuel cost of two units are given by F1 = 0.1 P1 + 20 P1 + 1.5 Rs/hr. F2= 0.1 P2 + 30 P2
+ 1.9 Rs/hr.

If the total demand on the generation is 200 MW, find the economic load scheduling of the
two units. Assume the initial Lambda value. Also verify the obtained result with the
calculated value.

30. The fuel cost of two units are given by

 2
F1 = 0.04 P1 + 16 P1 + 2.8
Rs/hr.

2
F2= 0.04 P2 + 12 P2 + 4.6
Rs/hr.

The B mn matrix is given by

0.01
‐0.005
‐0.005
0.024

Determine the economic

schedule for the

incremental cost of received power of Rs

20 / MWhr. Also find a) Total generation b) Transmission losses and

c) Demand. Verify

the obtained result with calculated value.

31. Determine the Zbus matrix for the given system shown in figure 31 using available software

Figure 31
Buses : 6, numbered serially from 1 to 6

Lines : 5, numbered serially from L1 to L5

Base MVA : 100

Transmission Line Data:

Half Line
Rating

Line ID No
Send Bus
Receive
Resistance
Reactance
charging

No
Bus No
p.u
p.u
Suscept.
MVA

P.u
1
1
6
0.123
0.518
0.0
55

2
1
4
0.080
0.370
0.0
65
3
4
6
0.087
0.407
0.0
30

4
5
2
0.282
0.640
0.0
55
5
2
3
0.723
1.050
0.0
40

Table 31
Conduct fault analysis on two alternative configurations of the 4 - bus system given in Figure 32
below. Determine the fault current and MVA at faulted bus 4, post fault bus voltages, fault current
distribution in different elements of the network. Also draw a single line diagram showing above
results. For a given system of figure 32, following are the fault conditions.

Three phase to ground fault

Line to ground fault

Line to line fault

(iv) Double line to ground fault.

Fig:32 Four bus system

+ - 0
G1, G2 : 100MVA, 20KV, X = X = Xd’’ = 20%; X = 4%; Xn = 5% T1, T2 : 100MVA,
20KV/345KV; X leak = 8%

+ - 0
L1, L2 : X = X = 15%; X = 50% on a base of 100MVA

The first configuration, case (a), comprises star-star transformer and the second configuration,
case (b), comprises star-delta transformers.
33. A three phase 50 Hz, 400 kV transmission line is 250 km long. The line parameters per
phase per unit length are found to be,

R= 0.032Ω/Km, L= 1.06mH/Km, C = 0.011µF/Km.

Determine the following using the program available use long line model.

(a) The sending end voltage, current and efficiency when the load at the receiving end is 640
MW at 0.8 power factor lagging at 400 kV.

The receiving end voltage, current, efficiency and losses when 480 MW and 320 MVAR are
being transmitted at 400 kV from the sending end.

(c) The sending end voltage, current and efficiency & losses when the receiving end loads
impedance 230 Ω at 400KV.
(d) The receiving end voltage when the line is open circuited and is energized with 400kV at
the sending end. Also, determine the reactance and MVAR of a three phase shunt reactor to
be installed at the receiving end in order to limit the no load receiving end Voltage to 400 kV.
34. Determine the Ybus matrix for the given system in figure 34 using available software.

Figure 34

Buses
: 6, numbered serially from 1 to 6
Lines
: 5, numbered serially from L1 to L5

Base MVA
: 100

Transmission Line Data:

Half Line
Rating

Line ID No
Send Bus
Receive
Resistance

Reactance
charging

No
Bus No
p.u

p.u
Suscept.
MVA
P.u

1
1
6
0.123

0.518
0.0
55
2
1
4
0.080

0.370
0.0
65

3
4
6
0.087

0.407
0.0
30
4
5
2
0.282

0.640
0.0
55

5
2
3
0.723

1.050
0.0
40

Table 34.1

Transmission Line Data:

Half Line
Rating

Line ID No
Send Bus
Receive
Resistance

Reactance
charging

No
Bus No
p.u

p.u
Suscept.
MVA
P.u

1
1
6
0.123

0.518
0.0
55

2
1
4
0.080

0.370
0.0
65
3
4
6
0.087

0.407
0.0
30

4
5
2
0.282

0.640
0.0
55
5
2
3
0.723

1.050
0.0
40

Table 34.2
35. Simulate the load frequency dynamics of a single area power system whose data are
given below:

Rated capacity of the area

= 2000MW
Normal operating load
= 1000MW
Nominal frequency
= 50 Hz
Inertia constant of the area
= 5.0 s
Speed regulation(governor droop)

of all regulating generators

= 4 percent
Governor time constant
= 0.08 s
Turbine time constant
= 0.3 s

Assume linear load-frequency characteristics which mean the connected system load
increases by one percent if the system frequency increases by one percent. The area has a
governor control but not a load-frequency controller. The area is subjected to a load increase
of 20 MW. Plot the time response of frequency deviation ∆f in Hz and change in turbine
power ∆PT in p.u MW upto 20 sec. What is value of the peak overshoot in ∆f?

(ii) Simulate the load frequency dynamics of a two area power system. Both the area are
identical and has the system parameters givem in (i). Assume that the tie-line has a
 0 0 °
capacity of Pmax 1-2 = 200MW and is operating at a power angle of (δ 1 – δ2 ) = 30 . Assume
that both the areas do not have load-frequency controller. Area 2 is subjected to a load

increase of 20 MW. Plot the time responses, ∆f1(t), ∆f2(t), ∆PT1(t), ∆PT2(t) and ∆P12(t).
Comment on the peak overshoot of ∆f1 and ∆f2.
Simulate and run the NRLF program for the system in figure 36 with a convergence for p and q for power
tolerance of 0.001p.u. and no of iteration is 10. Determine the following values,

Total active power generation in MW and total active power load in MW

Total reactive power generation in MVAR and total reactive power in load

Total system active power loss as a percentage of generator

Line flows and bus voltage.

Single -line Diagram

Figure 36

Data for the system

Buses : 6, numbered serially from 1 to 6

Lines : 5, numbered serially from L1 to L5

Transformer : 2, numbered serially from T1 to T2

Shunt Load : 2, numbered serially from S1 to S2

Base MVA : 100

Bus Data – P V Buses ( 1 slack bus; remaining P-V buses)

Bus ID

Generation, MW

Demand
Gen.Limit, MVAR
Scheduled

No.
Volt (p.u)

Schedule

Max

Min

MW

MVAR
Max

Min
1

200

40

0.0
0.0
100.0
-50.0
1.02
2

80.0

100

20

0.0
0.0
50.0
-25.0
1.02

Bus Data
– PQ Buses
Bus ID
Demand

Volt. Mag.

No

MW

MVAR

Assumed (p.u)

10.0
5.0

1.0

57.7

30.0

1.0

5
20.0

15.0

1.0

25.0

15.0

1.0
Transmission Line Data:

Half Line

Line ID No

Send Bus
Receive

Resistance

Reactance

charging

Rating

No

Bus No

p.u

p.u

Suscept.

MVA
P.u

1
1

0.01

0.030
0.000
60.0
2
1

0.05

0.180
0.005
40.0
3
2
4

0.03

0.080
0.005
60.0
4
3

0.02

0.035
0.0
60.0
5
3

0.04

0.150
0.0
40.0
Transformer Data:
Transformer

Send

Receive
Resistance

Reactance

Tap Ratio

Rating

ID No

Bus(*) No

Bus No
p.u

p.u
MVA

6
0.0

0.06

1.02

60.0
2

0.0

0.08

1.01

60.0
(*) Note: The
sending end
bus of a transformer should be the tap side

Shunt Element Data:

Shunt ID No

Bus ID No

Rated Capacity

MVAR (*)
1
4

0.5
2

0.5
(*) Note: Sign for capacitor : +ve

Sign for inductor

: -ve

Allotment of marks:

Aim/Procedure/
Program/
Simulation
Results
Viva
Total

Algorithm

voce

25
25
20
20
10
100