l8Szg/L
pkxf/ sfo{qmd
s/ -6\ofS;_ bflvn ug]{ ;do
;g\ @)!) ;lsPsf] Ps dlxgf
lat]sf] 5. jif{ lat] klg c;n
tyf lhDd]jf/ gful/sn] ug]{ Pp6f
sfd afFsL g} 5. Tof] xf], cfkm"n]
lt/]sf] s/sf] bflvn ug]{ sfd.
o;nfO{ c+u|]hLdf 6\ofS; kmfOlnª\
(Tax Filing) elgG5.
clk|nsf] !% ;Dd tkfO{+n] s/
bflvn ul/;Sg'k5{. To;}n] clk|n
!% nfO{ s/ lbj; (Tax Day) sf
?kdf dgfOG5.
s/ lsg ltg]{<
cd]l/sL gful/ssf w]/}
lhDd]jf/LdWo] s/ ltg'{ Pp6f
dxÎjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L xf]. w]/}
;]jf pkof]u u/] jfkt ;a}
jfl;Gbfn] s/ ltg'{k5{. tkfO{n]
cfOcf/P;
sfof{nosf] kl/ro
OG6/gn /]e]Go" ;le{; (Internal
Revenue Service; IRS), Pp6f
;/sf/L sfof{no -Ph]G;L_ xf].
o; Ph]G;Ln] s/ ;+sng tyf
s/sf] lgod–sfg'g sfof{Gjog
ug]{ h:tf s/;DaGwL ;a} sfd
u5{.
of] Ph]G;L /fHosf]if dGqfno
(Department of the Treasury) sf]
Ps c+u xf]. o;sf] d'Vo sfof{no
jfl;+u6g l8;Ldf 5 eg] b]ze/
o;sf zfvfx? 5g\. cfOcf/P;
sfof{nodf sfd ug]{ sl/a !
nfv ^ xhf/ sd{rf/L 5g\.
lt/]sf]
lzIff,
s/n]
;8sh:tf
;fj{hlgs
ljsf;
lgdf{0f / k|x/L, cfunfuLh:tf
cfsl:ds tyf ;fdflhs
;]jf rln/xG5g\. /f]lsb}gg\.
o;af6 s] kmfObf x'G5<
k|To]s jif{ tkfO{+n] ;+3Lo /
/fHo ;/sf/;“u s/ lkmtf{
kmf/d (tax return forms) e/]/
k7fpg' k5{. oL kmf/dn] ;/sf/
nfO{ tkfO+{n] s/ ltg'{eof] eGg]
atfpF5 / tkfO+{n] s/sf] slt
/sd ltg{ af“sL 5 jf tkfO{+n]
;/sf/af6 slt lkmtf{ kfpg'
x'G5 eGg] atfpF5.
s/ bflvnkl5 kl/jf/sf]
;b:o ;+Vof, cfDbfgL, pd]/,
zf/Ll/s cj:yf x]/]/ tkfO{n]
yk s/ ltg'{kg]{ jf lt/]sf]
s/df ;/sf/n] pN6} s]lx
yk]/ /sd lkmtf{ lbG5. To;/L
lkmtf{ x'g] /sd tkfO{n] a'emfPsf]
s/eGbf a9L klg x'g;S5.
s/ bflvn ug{ s] rflxG5<
s/ bflvn ug{ ljleGg sfuh–
kq rflxG5, s]lx o; k|sf/ 5g\M
-!_ tkfO{sf] /f]huf/bftfn]
lbPsf] 8An' @ (W-2).
-@_ tkfO{sf] kl/rokq.
-#_ tkfO{sf] sdfO{df lge{/
(dependent) h:tf]M afnaflnsf
eP pgLx?sf] hGdldlt, ;f];n
;]So'l/6L gDa/ (Social Secu-
rity Number; SSN) jf 6\ofS;
gDa/ (Taxpayer Identification
Number; TIN).
-$_ :j/f]huf/ (Self-em-
ployed) x?n] !)(( sf
;xof]uL ;fdu|L
s/sf ljleGg ljifodf hfgsf/L
lbg cfOcf/P; sfof{non]
k|sflzt u/]sf] lgb]{zg k'l:tsf .
o; k'l:tsfdf kmf/dx¿ /flvPsf
5}gg . t/ s/af/] hfgsf/L
lbOPsf] 5 .
ljleGg kmf/dx?.
-%_ a}+ssf] Aofh tyf
cGo nufgLx? nfef+zsf]
k|df0f÷cfDbfgLsf] k|df0f.
-^_ ;f];n ;]So'l/6L cfDbfgL
eP kmf/d !)(( P;P;P.
s;sf] ;xof]u lng ;lsG5<
s/ tkfO{ cfkm}+n] bflvn
ug{ ;Sg'x'G5. o;sf nflu
cfOcf/P;sf] j]a;fO6 of] xf]M
http://www.irs.gov/
o;afx]sM
á nfO;]G;–k|fKt jf tflnd–
k|fKt PsfpG6]G6sf] ;xof]u lng
;Sg'x'G5.
á sltko /fHox?df u}/–
;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] klg s/
bflvnsf kmf/d eg{ jf bflvn
ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5g\.
xfnnfO{ /f]lsPsf] 5.
@)!! km]a'c
| /L klxnf]
jif{ ! c+s !!
o;leq s] s] <
g ;fgfsf bfFtsf] /Iff===========@
g ;doaf/] yk hfgsf/L===========@
g tkfO{+sf clwsf/x?==========@
g casf !% lbg==================#
g 5f]6fgfdsf] rng===============#
g hf8f]sf tftf s'/f==============#
g s]lx k|Zg–pQ/===================$
g cIfl/sf kfpg] 7fpF==========$
;Dkfblso
efiffsf] dfnfdf
ef/t, u'jfx6L ljZjljBfnon]
o; jif{b]lv g]kfnL ljifosf]
Pd\=P= sfo{qmd ;'? u/]sf] 5.
s]lx lbg cl3 pQm sfo{qmdsf]
pb\3f6g ul/Psf] xf]. o; jif{ !
;o ^) hgf ljBfyL{ egf{ ePsf
5g\. ef/t, c;d If]qdf ^) nfv
hlt g]kfnLsf] a;f]af; 5 .
pQm k9fO{sf nflu g]kfnsf]
lqe'jg ljZjljBfno, g]kfnL
s]Gb|Lo ljefusf k|f= 8f= vu]Gb|
k|;fb n'FO6]nsf] 7"nf] e"ldsf 5.
pxfF wGojfbsf kfq x'g'x'G5.
ljZjsf ;a} s'gfdf g]kfnL–
efifL k'u]sf 5f}+. xfdLnfO{ Pp6}
dfnfdf ;d]6\g] wfuf] g]kfnL efiff
xf]. Tolx efiffsf] ;+/If0f u/]df
xfd|f] lrgf/L /xG5. o;sf nflu
xfdLn] cfpFbf] k':tfnfO{ g]kfnL
efiff l;sfpg] af6f] klxNofpg' 5.
To;}n] of] s;/L ;+ej xf]nf ;an]
;f]Rg}k5{. wGojfb
 bf“t dfgj z/L/sf] Pp6f
bf“tsf] /Iff cToGt} dxTjk"0f{ cË dflgG5.
vfgf rkfP/ krfpg ;lhnf]
sf] afgL agfpg] o;sf] d'Vo sfd xf].
bfFtn] xfdLnfO{ :ki6 af]Ng /
JolStTj cfsif{0f agfpg 7"nf]
;fg}b]lv e"ldsf x'G5. bfFt yf]/} ePsf]
JolStn] af]n]sf] zAb k|i6
nufcf}+
a'lemFb}g.
bfFt em/]sf] jf bfFt kmf]xf]/
ePsf] JolStsf] JolStTj Hofb}
/fd|f] x'Fb}g.
n n bfFt ls/fn] vfPsf] xf]Og
km]a|'c/L dlxgfnfO{ bfFtsf ;d:ofdWo] a9L
b]lvg] ;d:of …bfFt ls/fn]
cd]l/sfdf /fli6«o vfg]Ú xf]. t/ bfFtnfO{ ls/fn]
afnaflnsf bGt:jf:y vfPsf] x'Fb}g. o;sf] j}1flgs k|of]u ug{ /fd|f] xf].
dlxgf (National Children’s sf/0f cs}{ 5.
Dental Health Month) sf sfaf]{xfO8«]6 (Carbohydrate) bfFt / lu+hfsf] nflu cToGt}
jf lrgLo'St -u'lnof]_ vfgf
?kdf dgfOG5. cd]l/sfdf
vfFbf To:tf vfgfsf]
afnaflnsfsf bfFtdf s]xL 6'qmf bfFtdf c8\lsG5. tL
cfpg] ;d:of c? :jf:Yo 6'qmfnfO{ dflg;sf] d'vdf x'g]
;d:ofeGbf a9L 5. bfFtsf] ls6f0f'n] s'xfOlbg] ubf{ Ps
;d:ofn] vfg, af]Ng, k|sf/sf] Pl;8 (Acid) aGg
hfG5. nfdf] ;do;Dd To:tf]
v]Ng / k9\g afwf k'U5. t/
Pl;8af6 bfFtsf] efu uNb}
bfFtsf] ;d:of cfpg'eGbf hfg] jf lvOFb} hfG5. o;af6 v/fa ePdf bfFt g} km'Sng] jf cleefjssf] bfloTj xf].
klxn] g} /f]syfd ug{ bfFtdf vfN8f] k5{. Tof] qmd
;lsG5. bfFtdf aflx/L a9\b} hfFbf bfFtsf] leqL efudf
cfj/0f /fv]/ (Sealents) jf ePsf] /StgnL / :gfo"gnL
;d]tnfO{ c;/ u5{. o;}nfO{
ˆnf]/fO8o'Qm d~hg k|of]u
bfFt ls/fn] vfPsf] eGg]
u/] :s'n hfg] gfgLx?sf] ul/G5. o;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k
bfFtsf] /Iff ug{ ;lsG5. bftF g} lems]/ kmfNg'kg{] cj:yf uGxfpg] cj:yf cfp5F . ;f;
n n cfpg ;S5. o;y{ bfFtdf
vfN8f] k/]sf] jf sfnf] bfu
b]Vg] lalQs} 8]lG6:6 -bfFtsf]
8fS6/_ ;Fu hfFr jf pkrf/
u/fpg'kg]{ x'G5. o;sf] pkrf/
eGbf o:tf] cj:yf cfpg g}
glbg]tkm{ ;r]t x'g'kg]{ x'G5.
bfFtsf] /Iff s;/L x'G5<
bfFtsf] /Iff ug]{ ;lhnf]
pkfo xf]– b}lgs b'O{ k6s
bfFt ;kmf ug]{ jf a|; ug]{. cem
/fd|f] t vfPkl5 x/]s k6s
bfFt df‰g' c¿ pQd dflgG5.
o;}u/L a]nfa]nfdf ljz]if
k|sf/sf] wfuf] (Floss) n] bfFt bfFt luhfleq cfO;s]sf] x'G5.
;kmf ug{k5{.
s'r's'r' s';dodf vfg]s'/f
vfO/xg' x'Fb}g.
Hofbf ul'nof] kbfy{ vfPsf] km'lSnP/ ;a} gofF bfFt cfpg]
cj:yfdf bfFt df‰g' clt
h¿/L 5.
SoflN;od (Calcium) ePsf x'g] x'G5g\.
vfg]s'/f vfg] / ˆnf]/fO8
(Fluoride) ePsf] bGtd~hg
w'd|kfg / ;'tL{ jf v}gL vfg' lng' cfjZos x'g ;S5.
xflgsf/s x'G5.
bfFtsf ;d:of;Fu} c?====
bfFt;Fu ;DalGwt 5–
luhfsf] ;d:of. bfFt
ls/fn] vfFbf jf bfFt ;kmf
gx'Fbf luhfdf klg OGkm]S;g
(Infection) x'G5 / luhfsf]
ljleGg ;d:of cfpF5. luhf
emg]{ cj:yf cfpg ;S5.
lhGhLefOl6; (Gingivitis),
kfOl/of (Pyorrhea) h:tf
bfFtsf bL3{/f]u nfUg ;Sg]
x'G5. o:tf /f]usf sf/0f bfFt
b'v]/ lgs} afwf k'U5. ;f;
uGxfpg] JolStsf] 5]pdf g
;fyL jf kl/jf/ hfG5.
;du|df eGg'kbf{ bfFtsf] @
b]vefn, :ofxf/–;Def/ cToGt}
cfjZos x'G5. lgoldt ¿kdf
;xL 9Ëdf bfFtsf] :ofxf/
ug'{k5{.
;Gt'lnt vfgf /
SoflN;odo'St vfgfn] klg
bfFtnfO{ dha't x'g ;3fp
k'¥ofpF5.
oL t eP, 7"nfdfG5]sf
;d:of.
;fgfsf bfFtnfO{ :ofxf/
afnaRrfsf] bfFtsf] :ofxf/
a9L cfjZos x'G5. aRrf
hGdg'eGbf klxn]b]lv g} bfFtsf]
ljsf; / :ofxf/df Wofg
lbg'kg]{ afn ljz]if1sf] egfO
5. ue{wf/0fsf] bf];|f]
q}dfl;s cjlwb]lv g} aRrfsf]
;Gt'lnt vfgf cfdfn] vfFbf
lzz' sf] bfFt alnof] x'g] x'G5.
afNosfndf cfPsf] bfFt k"/}
eP tfklg To:tf afNosfnsf
bfFtn] afnaRrfx¿ a9L kLl8t
o;y{ plrt :ofxf/,
;/;kmfO ug{ / 7Ls ;dodf
bfFt lemSg 8fS6/sf] ;xof]u
afnaflnsf tyf o'jfx¿nfO{
bfFt;DaGwL lzIff lbg' klg
pko'St / ;fGble{s x'G5.
;fg}df bfFtsf] /Iff ug]{ afgL
a;flnlbg kfP, kl5;Dd
/fd|f] x'g] ePsfn] cd]l/sfdf
km]a|'c/LnfO{ /fli6«o afnaflnsf
bGt:jf:Yo dlxgf dgfOG5.
;fgfsf bfFt /Iff ug{'
;Gt'lnt vfgf vfg xf};nf
lbg] / sRofss'r's vfg]
afgLdf lgu/fgL ug'{k5{.
Pp6f dfq bfFt cfPb]lv
;kmf ul/lbg'k5{ / ;kmf ug{
afgL a;flnlbg'k5{.
;ft jif{eGbf ;fgf] gfgLnfO{
s]/fpsf] bfgfhqf] d~hgn]
bfFt dfem\g nufpg'k5{.

;doaf/] yk hfgsf/L
xfdLn] ;]s]G8 (Second) b]lv ztfAbL hgfpg]
;]GRo'/L (Century) af/] cl3Nnf] c+sdf yfxf
kfof}+. o;k6s ;do;DaGwL yk zAbx?M
ldltnfO{ c+u|]hLdf 8]6 (Date) elgG5.
lr7Lkq, lgj]bgdf ldlt n]Vbf xfdL g]kfnL
rngcg';f/ ;fn, dlxgf / ut] n]V5f}+, h:tf]M
yy/mm/dd. oxfF yy n]v]sf] 7fpFdf jif{ (Year)
xf], mm n]v]sf] 7fpFdf dlxgf (Month) / dd
sf 7fpFdf lbg (Day) xf].
cd]l/sfdf eg] ldlt n]Vg] km/s tl/sf 5.
oxf“ qmdzM dlxgf, ut] -tfl/v_ / jif{ -;g\
df_ n]lvG5 (mm/dd/yy), h:tf]M 02/22/2011.
oxfF 02 n]v]sf] 7fpFdf dlxgf xf]. 02 eGgfn]
casf !% lbg
cd]l/sfdf km]a|'c/L dlxgfnfO{ …ANofs lx:6«L
dGyÚ (Black History Month) sf ?kdf
dgfOG5. km]a|'c/LnfO{ cd]l/sL d'6' dlxgf
(American Heart Month) klg dgfOG5.
km]a|'c/Lsf] klxnf] ;ftf /fli6«o pkef]Qmf
;+/If0f ;Ktfx (National Consumer Pro-
tection Week) dgfOG5. To:t} km]a|'c/L @
df u|fpG8xu 8] (Groundhog Day) 5. ptf
km]a|'c/L $ df ljZj SofG;/ lbj; (World
Cancer Day) dgfOG5. ;+;f/e/ km]a|'c/L !$
df Eofn]G6fOg 8] (Valentine Day) dgfOG5.
ptf lxGb" wdf{jnDaLsf nflu df3 @% sf lbg
>Lk~rdL k/]sf] 5. s:tf 5g\, oL lbg<
ANofs lx:6«L dGy
clk|msg–cd]l/sgn] cd]l/sfsf] ljsf;,
lgdf{0fdf u/]sf] of]ubfgsf] ;Ddfgdf ANofs
lx:6«L dGy gfds dlxgfsf] cfof]hgf
ul/Psf] xf]. o;nfO{ ;'?df ;ftfe/ dgfOGYof].
;g\ !(&^ df cd]l/sfsf] hGdsf] @ ;o
jif{ k'Uof]. Tolx cj;/df ;KtfxJofkL sfo{qmd
a9fP/ Ps dlxgfsf] …ANofs lx:6«L dGyÚ
agfOof]. o;nfO{ clk|msg–cd]l/sg lx:6«L
dGy (African American History Month)
klg elgG5.
u|fpG8xu 8]
u|fpG8xu gfds hLj cd]l/sfdf
kfOG5. yf]/} nf]vs]{ h:tf] /
yf]/} d';fh:tf] of] hLjsf nflu
jif{sf] bf];|f] dlxgf km]a|'c/L xf]. 22 n]v]sf]
tfl/v xf]. 2011 n]v]sf] ;g\ @)!! xf].
ca 02/22/2011 eg]sf] ;g\ @)!! km]a|'c/L
dlxgfsf] @@ tfl/v xf] eGg] a'em\g'k5{.
ldlt n]Vg] of] cd]l/sL tl/sf s'g} 7fpFdf
cfˆgf] hGdldlt n]Vbf jf kmf/dx? ebf{
xfdLn] Vofn ug'{ kg]{ x'G5.
Psk6s km]l/M dlxgf÷tfl/v÷jif{. ;Demgfsf
nfluM d÷tf÷j -dlxgf, tfl/v, jif{_.
km]a|'c/L @ df u|fpG8xu 8] dgfOG5.
ljZj SofG;/ lbj;
SofG;/ /f]usf sf/0f x'g] d[To"b/ P8\;,
Ifo/f]u / dn]l/of OToflbaf6 ;+o'St?kdf
x'g] d[To'b/eGbf a9L 5. ;a} k|sf/sf
SofG;/dWo] $) SofG;/sf] /f]syfd x'g] /
SofG;/ nfUg] glbg klg ;lsG5. SofG;/
nfO{ ztk|ltzt /f]syfd klg ug{ ;lsG5.
of] /f]u nfUg glbg klg ;lsG5. o:t}
hgr]tgf hufpg SofG;/ lbj; dgfOG5.
Eofn]G6fOg 8]
Eofn]G6fOg 8]nfO{ k|]d lbj;sf ?kdf
dgfOG5. Pscfk;df lgs6 ;fyLnfO{
pkxf/ cflb k|bfg ub}{ of] lbj; dgfOG5.
of] lbg o'jfo'jtLn] Pscfk;df k|]d k|s6
ug]{ lbg, cfkm"n] dg k/fPsf] s]6f jf
s]6LnfO{ k|]d k|:tfj /fVg] lbg klg xf].
>Lk~rdL
…>Lk~rdLÚdf ljBfsL clwi7fqL b]jL
;/:jtLsf] k"Hff–cf/fwgf u/L dgfOG5.
rGb|h:tf] uf]/f] j0f{sL tyf xftdf jL0ff
/ k':ts lnPsL ljBfsL b]jL ;/:jtL–
nfO{ eQmhgn] ef/tL, zf/bf, x+;jflxgL,
huGdftf, jfuLZj/L, sf}df/L, j/bflogL,
a'l4wfqL, a|Xdrfl/0fL, rGb|306f /
e'jg]Zj/Lh:tf gfdn] k'sf5{g\.
;"o{ pQ/lt/ nfuL lbg nfdf] x'g] / j;Gt
Ct' k|f/De x'g] ljZjf;sf ;fy …>Lk~rdLÚ
nfO{ …j;Gt k~rdLÚ klg eGg] ul/G5.
CUj]bdf jfUb]jLsf gfdn] k|l;l4 kfPsL
a|XdfsL cwf{lËgL a|Xdfo0fLsf] k"hf
pkf;gfn] ;a} k|sf/sf] 1fg, l;l4 /
;b\a'l4 k|fKt x'g] ePsfn] ;/:jtL k"hfsf]
7"nf] dxTj 5.
#
tkfO{+sf
clwsf/x?
cd]l/sfsf] :yfoL jfl;Gbf (permanent
resident) x'Fbf u/]sf sfdn] kl5 cd]l/sL
gful/s x'g] of]Uotfdf k|efj kf5{. To;}n]
:yfoL jfl;Gbf x'Fbf lgod, sfg'gsf] kfngf
u/]/ a:g'k5{. lgod, sfg'gsf] pNn+3g u/]sf
v08df gful/s aGg cK7\of/f] k5{.
cd]l/sfsf] gful/s x'g'nfO{ …g]r'/nfOh];gÚ
(Naturalization) elgG5.
slt a]nf lgod, sfg'gsf] kfngfdf uNtL
x'g;S5 t< eGg] k|Zg x'g;S5. ;fdfGotM
oxfF a:g] ;a} dflg;sf clwsf/x? x'G5g\.
tL clwsf/sf] kfngfdf uNtL x'g;S5g\.
To;f] eP clwsf/ s] s] x'g\<
:yfoL afl;Gbfsf x}l;otn] tkfO{+sf clwsf/x?
(rights) oL x'g\M
á cd]l/sfsf] h'g} 7fpFdf klg :yfoL ?kdf
a;f]af; ug{ / sfd ug{ kfpg'x'g]5.
á ;a} of]Uotf k'u]kl5 cd]l/sL
gful/stfsf nflu cfj]bg lbg ;Sg'x'g]5.
á cfˆgf] >Ldfg jf >LdtL / cljjflxt
;GtfgnfO{ cd]l/sfdf a:g ldNg] clwsf/
kq– /fxbfgL (Visa) sf nflu ;/sf/;Fu
cg'/f]w ug{ ;Sg'x'g]5.
á ;a} of]Uotf k'u]kl5 ;f];n ;]So'l/6L
(Social Security_, k'/s ;'/Iff cfDbfgL
(Supplemental Security Income; SSI) /
cf}ifwf]krf/ ;'ljwfx? (medicare benefits)
kfpg'x'g]5.
á gLlh ;DklQ /fVg kfpg'x'g]5.
á cfˆgf /fHo jf e"efudf uf8Lrfns
cg'dlt–kq (driver’s license) sf nflu
lgj]bg lbg kfpg'x'g]5.
á lgodcg';f/ cd]l/sf 5f8\g / kms{g
kfpg'x'g]5.
á ;fj{hlgs :s'n / sn]hdf k9\g
kfpg'x'g]5.
á cd]l/sL ;z:q ;]gf jf To;sf
lgsfox?df ;]jf ug{ kfpg'x'g]5.
á /fHosf] lgod–sfg'gn] lbPsf
v08df s'g} xltof/ vl/b ug{ jf /fVg
kfpg'x'g]5.
clwsf/ hlt x'G5, Pp6f c;n jfl;Gbfsf]
Tolt g} lhDd]jf/L klg x'G5.
-lhDd]jf/Lx¿af/]
csf]{ c+sdf_

5f]6f gfd / pkgfdsf] rng – @
l cd]l/sfsf /fi6«kltsf] gfd af/fs cf]afdf
(Barack Obama) xf]. pxfFnfO{ af/fs x';]g
cf]afdf låtLo (Barack Hussein Obama II)
klg elgG5. ;lhnf]sf nflu pxfFsf] gfd
af/fs cf]afdf dfq n]lvG5 jf elgG5. oxfF
Pp6f k|Zg cfOxfN5, To;f]eP af/fs cf]afdf
k|yd sf] xf]nf<
af/fs cf]afdf k|yd pxfFs} lktfsf] gfd xf].
t/ lktf cf]afdfnfO{ af/fs cf]afdf k|yd
eGg'sf] ;§f af/fs cf]afdf l;lgo/ (Barack
Obama, Sr.) elgGYof] eg] /fi6«klt cf]afdfnfO{
af/fs cf]afdf h'lgo/ (Barack Obama, Jr.).
h'lgo/sf] ;§f pxfFnfO{ låtLo elgPsf] xf].
l /fi6«klt cf]afdfeGbf klxn] hh{ jfs/ a'z
(George Walker Bush) /fi6«klt x'g'x'GYof].
pxfFsf lktf klg hh{ xa{6{ jfs/ a'z
(George Herbert Walker Bush) klg /fi6«klt
x'g'x'GYof]. lktf / k'q b'j}nfO{ hh{ a'z dfq
elgPsf] kfOG5. lktf / k'q b'j}sf] ljifodf
Ps}k6s s'/f ug'{ kbf{ lktfnfO{ a'z l;lgo/
(Bush, Sr.) / k'qnfO{ a'z h'lgo/ (Bush, Jr.)
eGg] ul/G5.
Pp6} gfdsf b'O{ JolQm x'Fbf em'lSsg] ePsfn]
JolQmsf] gfdsf] cGTodf h'lgo/ (Junior) /
l;lgo/ (Senior) sf] 5f]6s/L /flvPsf] xf].
;fgf] jf sfG5f]sf] dflg;sf] gfddf Jr., Junr.
jf Jun. / 7"nf] jf h]7f]sf] dflg;sf] gfddf
Sr., Senr. jf Sen. hf]8\g] ul/G5.
cIfl/sfsf] lk|G6 slk af“9\g] ;+:yfx?
Printed copies of AKSHARICA
are available at:
!= Dofgr]:6/ sDo'lg6L l/;f];{ ;]G6/
Manchester Community Resource Center
(MCRC), 177 Lake Av, NH 03103
@= e'6\lgh sDo'lg6L ckm Go' XofD;/ -aL;LPgPr_
Bhutanese Community of NH (BCNH)
#= OG6/g];gn OlG:6Ro'6 ckm ;]G6 n'O;\
International Institute of Saint Louis
3654 South Grand Boulevard
Saint Louis, MO 63118
$= g];gflnl6h ;le{; ;]G6/
Nationalities Service Center
1216 Arch Street, 4th Floor
Philadelphia, PA 19107
%= Sofyf]lns Rofl/l6h ckm gb{–O:6 sG;f;
Catholic Charities of Northeast Kansas
2220 Central Avenue
Kansas City, KS 66102
If you would like to print and distribute
AKSHARICA, please email us.
S & T Communications, 10 Ashley Dr, Manchester, NH 03103, Ph: 603 661 1039, Email : info@aksharica.com,
Website : www. aksharica.com, Guest Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Coordinator : Tara Acharya, Managing Director : Sattan Acharya
oL 5f]6s/Lsf] k|of]u ljz]if u/L afa' /
5f]/f, sfsf / elthfsf] Pp6} gfd ePdf
k|of]u ul/G5.
To;afx]s Pp6} 6f]n, l5d]sdf b'O{
hgfsf] gfd Pp6} eP klg k|of]u ul/G5.
h:tf] M Michael John Smith, Jr. rflx+ ;fgf]
xf], t/ s'g} Michael John Smith eGg] dfG5]
sf] 5f]/f gx'g klg ;S5. h]7f] Michael
John Smith ;fgf] Michael John Smith, Jr.
sf] sfsf, dfdf jf gftf gkg]{ dflg; klg
x'g;S5.
h'lgo/ jf l;lgo/ jf c+sdf 5f]6s/L
n]Vbf cNklj/fd jf sdf (Comma)
/fvL jf g/fvL b'j} k|of]u x'G5.
h:tf]M Michael John Smith, Jr. jf Michael
John Smith Jr. x'g;S5. Michael John Smith,
Sr. jf Michael John Smith Sr. x'g;S5.
Michael John Smith, II jf Michael John
Smith II x'g;S5.
g]kfnLdf o:tf] rng 5}g. o;/L
hf]l8g] zAb jf k|ToonfO{ g]kfnL Jofs/0fdf
cGTok|Too jf gfd cGTok|Too elgG5 eg]
c+u|]hLdf ;lkmS; (Suffix) jf g]d ;lkmS;
(Name Suffix) elgG5.
gful/stf -l;l6hgl;k_ 6]:6sf s]lx k|Zg
!= cd]l/sL ;]gfsf] ;jf]{Rr sdfG8/ sf]
x'G5<
– /fi6«klt (The President).
@= cd]l/sfsf] /fhwfgLsf] gfd s] xf]<
– jfl;+u6g, l8=;L=
(Washington, D.C.).
#= cd]l/sL /fi6«kltsf] r'gfj s'g dlxgfdf
x'G5<
– gf]e]Da/
(November).
$= cd]l/sfsf] l;dfgfdf s'g b]zx¿;“u
hf]l8Psf] 5<
– Sofg8f (Canada) /
d]lS;sf] (Mexico).
$
hf8f]sf
tftf s'/f
hf8f]df lxpFn] vfg] Pp6f ;d:of eof]
eg] csf]{ z/L/ lgs} ;]nfpg] ;d:of
5. nfdf] sdo lr;f]df /xFbf z/L/n]
w]/} tfk 5f8\5 / of] ;d:of x'G5.
o;nfO{ xfOk/yld{of (Hypothermia)
elgG5. z/L/sf] tfkqmd (% l8u|L
kmx/]gxfO6 (Fahrenheit) eGbf sd
x'G5 / xfOk/yld{of x'g;S5. :j:y
z/L/sf] tfkqmd (* bzdnj ^ l8u|L
kmx/]gxfO6 x'G5.
aRg] s;/L<
o;sf s]lx sf/0f / aRg] pkfo 5g\M
-!_ z/L/sf] s'g} efu v'nf x'Fbf lr;f] l;/]6f]
(brisk wind) n] xfd|f] z/L/sf] tfk nfG5 /
z/L/ ;]nfpF5.
-@_ xfOk/yld{ofaf6 aRg 6f]kL (hat)
nufpg'k5{. xfd|f] z/L/sf] cfwf tfk 6fpsf]
af6 aflx/ hfG5. Tolx eP/ w]/} udL{ eof] jf
sf]xL udL{n] a]xf]; eof] eg] 6fpsf]df lr;f]
kfgLn] ykykfOG5.
-#_ xn'sf jf kftnf / v's'nf n'ufsf w]/}
tx nufpg'xf];\. yf]/} t/ afSnf n'ufeGbf w]/}
txdf kftnf n'uf nufpFbf tL w]/} txdf tftf]
RoflkP/ a:5. z/L/ rfF8f] tfT5 / Gofgf]
eO/xG5.
-$_ ;aeGbf aflx/sf] sk8f kfgLn] gleHg]
vfn (water-repellent) sf] x'g'k5{.
%= cd]l/sfsf] l;dfgfdf s'g s'g dxf;fu/ tyf
;d'b| 5g\<
– cfGw| dxf;fu/ (Atlantic Ocean),
d]lS;sf] vf8L (Gulf of Mexico) /
k|zfGt dxf;fu/ (Pacific Ocean).
^= cd]l/sfn] slxn] :jtGqtfsf] 3f]if0ffkq (dec-
laration of independence) u|x0f u/]sf] xf]<
– ;g\ !&&^ h'nfO{ $.