Yof°;\luleªsf] Oltxf;
df5f, l;kL ePsf] hn–hGt' lg0f{o u/] .
‘Yof°;\luleª 8]’ gf]e]Da/
dlxgfsf] rf}yf] lalxjf/
dgfOG5 . /fi6«klt ca|fxd
lnª\sgn] of] kj{nfO{
cf}krfl/s ¿kdf dgfpg]
k/Dk/f a;fNg'–
eof] . t/ ;g\ !(#( kl5
dfq of] /fli6«o kj{ aGof] .
@)!@ gf]e]Da/
jif{ # c+s $)
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gf]e]Da/sf] rf}yf] lalxjf/
cd]l/sfdf YofÍ;\luleª
(Thanksgiving) dgfOG5 . ;g\
!*^# b]lv cf}krfl/s kj{
ag]sf] YofÍ;\luleª ;fj{hlgs
labfsf] lbg -o; jif{
gf]e]Da/ @@_ xf] . YofÍ;\–
luleª b'O{ 7"nf kj{x?–
lqm;d; (Christmas) / gofF
jif{ (New Year) s}
xf/fxf/Lsf] kj{ xf] . of] kj{
kl/jf/, Oi6ldq / ;fyLefO{sf]
e]63f6 ug]{ kj{ klg xf] .
s;/L dgfpg yflnof] <
klxnf] YofÍ;\luleª ;g\
!^@! df dgfOPsf] Oltxf;
5 . cd]l/sfdf oxfFsf /}yfg]
cd]l/sLx? (Native Ameri-
cans) dfq a:y] . ;g\ !^@!
cl3 o'/f]kaf6 s]xL dflg;
oxfF cfP . tL cfuGt'sn],
…cfkm"nfO{ gofF ;'/lIft
;+;f/df NofOk'¥ofPsf]df O{Zj/
k|lt wGojfb–1fkg ug{Ú klxnf]
YofÍ;\luleª # lbg dgfOof] .
klxnf] YofÍ;\luleªdf %#
cfuGt's / () /}yfg]
cd]l/sL lyP . pgLx?n]
cfkm"nfO{ k'Ug] vfgf h'6fPsf
lyP . vfgfdf ljleGg hftsf
-3'FuL, lemFu]df5f cflb_, h+unL
r/f -xfF;, 6sL{ cflb_, d[usf]
df;', kmnkm"n, t/sf/L -s]/fp,
km;L{, ;v/v08, Kofh_, ux'F,
hf}F, ds} cflb lyof] .
pgLx¿ lsg cfP <
o'/f]k]nLx? wfld{s
:jtGqtfsf] vf]hLdf ToxfFaf6
lxF8]sf lyP . klxn] pgLx?
lgb/NofG8\; (Netherlands)
uP . clg cfˆgf] pklgj]z
agfpg pgLx? ;g\ !^@) df
pQ/ cd]l/sf cfP . pgLx?
cfPsf] Tof] 7fpF df;fr';]6\;
(Massachusetts) /fHosf]
lKnldy (Plymouth) sf gfdn]
lrlgG5 .
pgLx?sf] ;fd'lb|s–ofqf
sl7g lyof] . cd]l/sf cfO–
k'u]sf] klxnf] dlxgf klg
plQs} sl7g /Xof] . sl/a
Ps ;o o'/f]k]nL z/b Ct'
;lsP/ hf8f] z'? x'g]
a]nfdf oxfF cfOk'u]sf lyP .
hf8f] z'? eof], cfwf dflg;sf]
Hofg lr;f]n] nUof] .
ha j;Gt Ct' cfof],
pgLx?n] afnLgfnL nufP .
:SjfG6f] (Squanto) gfdsf Ps
/}yfg] cd]l/sLn] pgLx?nfO{
d2t u/] . udL{ ;lsof], ds} /
hf}F /fd|/L plAhof] . hf8f]nfO{
k'Ug] vfgf eof] . pgLx? v';L
eP/ YofÍ;\luleª dgfpg]
pgLx?sf cu'jf ljlnod
a|f8kmf]8{ (William Bradford) n]
kj{sf] ldlt to u/] . glhs}
a:g] /}yfg] cd]l/sLx?nfO{
klg af]nfP .
o'/f]kaf6 dfG5] cfpFb} ubf{
a:tL aflSnb} uof] / YofÍ;\–
luleª Jofkstf eof] .
kj{nfO{ cf}krfl/stf
Toltcl3 b]lv dgfPsf] eP
klg of] kj{ cf}krfl/s kj{
lyPg . ;g\ !*@) df ;/fx
hf];]kmf x]n (Sarah Josepha
Hale) gfdsL n]lvsfn] of]
kj{nfO{ cf}krfl/s kj{
agfpg cfjfh p7fOg\ . ;g\
!*^# df cd]l/sfdf pQ/ /
blIf0fsf /fHox?aLr u[xo'4
rln/x]sf] lyof] . /fi6«klt
ca|fxd lnª\sg (Abraham
Lincoln) n] o;nfO{ cf}krfl/s
kj{sf ?kdf /fli6«o lbj;
-To;a]nf gf]e]Da/ @^_
3f]if0ff ug'{eof] . To;kl5
w]/} /fi6«kltsf kfnf;Dd o;
kj{nfO{ gf]e]Da/sf] clGtd
lalxjf/ dgfOof] .
;g\ !(#( df /fi6«klt
ˆ|ofª\slng 8L= ?ha]N6
(Franklin D. Roosevelt) n] of]
kj{ kfFrf}+ lalxjf/sf] ;§f
rf}yf] lalxjf/ dgfpg] 3f]if0ff
ug'{eof] . To;kl5 of] rf}yf]
lalxjf/ g} sfod 5 .
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@)!@ gf]e]Da/, jif{ # c+s $)

e"6fgL k'g:yf{lkt, ca hDdf ^! xhf/ ! ;o *$ hgf
of] cfly{s jif{df cd]l/sfdf !% xhf/ &)
e"6fgL z/0ffyL{sf] k'g:yf{kgf ePsf] 5 .
cd]l/sL cfly{s jif{ cS6f]a/ ! df z'?
eO{ ;]K6]Da/ #) df ;lsG5 . kl5Nnf]
cfly{s jif{ ;g\ @)!! cS6f]a/ ! df z'?
eP/ ;g\ @)!@ ;]K6]Da/ #! df ;lsof] .
s'g dlxgf slt <
;g\ @)!! cS6f]a/kl5sf !@ dlxgfdf
o;/L k'g:yf{kgf ePsf] 5 M
• ;g\ @)!! M
cS6f]a/ – ( ;o @%
gf]e]Da/ – ! xhf/ $^
n]s l;6Ldf tl:a/ lvrfp“b} g]kfnL–efifL e"6fgL 3g b'nfn
l8;]Da/ – ( ;o *)
• ;g\ @)!@ M
hgj/L – ( ;o *)
km]a|'c/L – ! xhf/ @ ;o !%
dfr{ – & ;o (@
clk|n – ! xhf/ @ ;o *)
d] – ! xhf/ $ ;o &!
h'g – ! xhf/ # ;o *$
h'nfO{ – ! xhf/ % ;o #@
cu:t – ! xhf/ ( ;o %*
;]K6]Da/ – ! xhf/ % ;o &
cd]l/sfdf of] cfly{s jif{df !% xhf/ &)
w w
cd]l/sfdf g]kfnL–efifL
e"6fgL ;+Vof ^! xhf/ !
;o *$ ePsf] 5 .
cfly{s jif{ @)!!÷@)!@ df
o; jif{sf] bz}+df l6sf nufPkl5 o'6f /fHosf] ;fN6
dfq !% xhf/ &) hgf
-k5f8L plePsfdWo] ;aeGbf cUnf]_ sf ;fy cGo . cd]l/sf cfpg'eof] .
tl:a/ M b'nfn kl/jf/ w w
s"n ;+Vof slt eof] < s'g jif{ slt <
;g\ @))* z'?b]lv cd]l/sfnufot ljZjsf ;g\ @))* b]lv ;g\ @)!@ M
cGo * d'n'sdf e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ k'g:yf{kgf • ;g\ @))* M % xhf/ #@)
yflnPsf] xf] . ;a}eGbf a9L -sl/a *& • ;g\ @))( M !# xhf/ $#@
k| l tzt_ cd] l /sfdf k' g :yf{ k gf ePsf] 5 . • ;g\ @)!) M !@ xhf/ #^#
;g\ @)!@ ;] K 6] D a/ #! ;Dd cd] l /sfdf • ;g\ @)!! M !$ xhf/ (((
s"n ;+Vof ^! xhf/ ! ;o *$ k'u]sf] 5 . • ;g\ @)!@ M !% xhf/ &)

lr;f]df /fVbf ;'/lIft /xg]
vfBfGgsf nflu /]lk|mlh/]6/
cTofjZos x'G5 . 3/ef8fdf
lnFbf ;a}h;f] 7fpFdf
/]lk|mlh/]6/ /]lk|mlh/]6/ aGbf]a:t ul/Psf]
vl/bsf nflu x'G5 . t/ cfkm}+n] vl/b ug'{–
k/]df eg] o:tf s'/fdf Wofg
kf“r 1fg lbg'k5{ M
• lah'nL vr{ M 3/df nfUg]
s"n lah'nL vr{sf] sl/a *
k|ltzt /]lk|mlh/]6/sf nflu
nfU5 . To;}n] /]lk|mlh/]6/n]
slt lah'nL vkt u5{ eGg]
a'‰g h?/L x'G5 . cd]l/sfdf
a]lrg] /]lk|mlh/]6/x?df To;n]
vkt ug]{ lah'nL hfFRg ;lsg]
pkfo lbOPsf] x'G5 . o:tf]
hfFRgsf nflu energystar.gov
df klg x]g{ ;lsG5 .
• Ifdtf M /]lk|mlh/]6/df slt
;fdfg c6fpF5 eGg] dxÎjk"0f{
x'G5 . of] So'las lkm6df
n]lvPsf] x'G5 . of] So'las
lkm6df /]lk|mlh/]6/sf s]xL
efusf] gfk ;dfj]z x'Gg .
• efG;fsf] cfsf/M /]lk|mlh/]6/
lsGg hfg'cl3 cfˆgf] efG;fdf
Tof] c6fpF5 sL c6fpFGg
eGg] rfxL+ hfFRg h?/L 5 .
xfjf cfpg–hfg ;lhnf] xf];\
eGgsf vflt/ /]lk|mlh/]6/
/fVg] 7fpFsf] rf/}lt/ Ps
OGrsf] rf}yfO{ efu vfnL
5f8\g h?/L x'G5 .
• tfkqmdM /]lk|mlh/]6/df
/flvPsf vfg]s'/fnfO{ ;xL
tfkqmd -/]lk|mlh/]6/tkm{ #$
l8u|L kmx/]gxfO6 / lk|mh/,
hDg] efu, tkm{ $ l8u|L kmx/]–
gxfO6_ rflxG5 . s'g}–s'g}
-vf; u/L k'/fgf_ df]8nsf
/]lk|mlh/]6/df ! b]lv !)
c+sdfq lbOPsf] x'G5, h;n]
xfdLnfO{ cNdnfpF5 . o:tf]
df]8nsf] /]lk|mlh/]6/ k¥of] eg]
Pp6f ;:tf] vfnsf] ydf]{ld6/
lsGg'xf];\, h;n] tkfO{+nfO{
/]lk|mlh/]6/sf] tfkqmd ldnfpg
d2t u5{ .
• ;lhnf]M /]lk|mlh/]6/ lsGbf Tof]
rnfpg slt ;lhnf] 5 klg
x]g'{k5{ . ;–;fgf kf]sfdf
/flvPsf vfgf kl/jf/n]
h;n] vf]Hbf klg e]l6g]
x'g'k5{ . vf;u/L j[4–j[4f
/ ;fgf gfgLx?nfO{ Wofg
lbg'k5{ .
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@)!@ gf]e]Da/, jif{ # c+s $)

/fi6«kltsf] pDd]b\jf/

cf]afdf÷dfwj u'?ª / /f]DgL÷cIfl/sf

/fi6«klt af/fs cf]afdf
hGd M ;g\ !(^! cu:t $
hGd–:yfg M xjfO{ (Hawaii) /fHo
lzIff M cl:;8]G6n sn]h (Occidental College),
sf]nlDaof o'lgel;{6L (Columbia Univer-
sity), xfe{8{ n :s"n (Harvard Law School)
cd]l/sfdf / o'lgel;{6L ckm l;sfuf] (University of
Chicago)
a;f]af; pDd]b\jf/ M 8]df]qm]l6s kf6L{ (Democratic Party)
klxnf]k6s lgjf{lrt M ;g\ !((^ df Olngf]o
/fHoaf6 l;g]6df .
/fi6«klt M ;g\ @))* df pDd]b\jf/ . pxfF
ljhoL x'g'eof] / cd]l/sfsf] klxnf] clk|msg–
cd]l/sg /fi6«klt x'g'eof] .
kl/jf/ M pxfFn] ld;]n cf]afdf (Michelle
Obama) ;Fu ljjfx ug'{eof] . pxfFx?sf b'O{
5f]/L M ;fzf (Sasha) / dflnof (Malia) 5g\ .
ueg{/ ld§ /f]DgL
hGd M ;g\ !($& dfr{ !@
hGd–:yfg M ldl;ug (Michigan) /fHosf]
8]6«f]o6 (Detroit) zx/ .
lzIff M la|3fd of]ª o'lgel;{6L (Brigham Young
University), xfe{8{ n (Harvard Law)
pDd]b\jf/ M l/klAnsg kf6L{ (Republican Party)
k]zf M Joj;foL . ;g\ !((( df ;fN6 n]s
l;6L (Salt Lake City) df ePsf] cf]nlDks
v]nsf] d'Vo sfo{sf/L clwsf/L .
ueg{/ M ;g\ @))$ df df;fr';]6\; (Massa-
chusetts) /fHosf] ueg{/ kbdf lgjf{lrt .
kl5Nnf] lgjf{rg M ;g\ @))* df pDd]b\jf/L lbP
klg kf6L{leq} k/flht .
kl/jf/ M Pg /f]DgL (Ann Romney) ;Fu ljjfx
ug'{ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf % 5f]/f / !* gflt–
gfltgf 5g\ .

xnf]ljg (Halloween) clg km;L{sf ljifo x'G5g\ .

• cd]l/sf a:g] hf]sf]xL
g]kfnL–efifLsf nflu pkof]uL .
• g]kfnL / c+u|]hL efiffdf
;fdu|L ePsf] .
• !( cWofodf # ;o $)
hLjgf]kof]uL ;fdu|L .
• d"No !$ 8n/ .
lstfa rflxPdf M
http://gyanjyotikendra.org
df uP/ ‘k':tssf] dfu’ jf
Order Books df lSns
ug'{xf];\ . qm]l86÷8]la6–sf8{ jf
r]sdfkm{t lstfa kfpg] tl/sf
pNn]v 5 .
YofÍ;\luleªdf km;L{nfO{
l;ufg]{ jf kl/sf/ agfP/ vfg]
ul/G5 . km;L{ cd]l/sfsf] /}yfg]
km;L{ t/sf/L xf] .
km;L{ k|ltof]lutf
cd]l/sfsf ljleGg :yfgdf
km;L{ l;Fufg]{ k|ltof]lutf x'G5 .
o:t} s[lqd–ljlwaf6 kmnfOPsf
7"nf km;L{aLr klg k|ltof]lutf
ul/G5 .
;flxTodf km;L{
cd]l/sL ;flxTo, h:tf]–
syf, sljtf cflbdf klg
km;L{nfO{ ljifo agfPsf]
kfOG5 . lkmNd / gf6sdf klg
km;L{df s] s] kfOG5 <
km;L{df sfaf]{xfO8«]6, lrNnf],
k|f]l6g, le6fldg P, le6fldg
aL, le6fldg ;L, SoflN;od,
cfO/g, DofUg]l;od, kmf];km/;
h:tf tÎj kfOG5g\ .
km;L{sf] laofF vfg] rng t
5Fb} 5 . oxL laofFaf6 t]n
klg agfOG5 . j}1flgsx?n]
oxL laofFaf6 cf}ifwL agfpg]
sf]lzz ul//x]sf 5g\ .
km;L{ sxfF a9L kmN5 <
Olngf]o, OlG8ofgf, cf]xfof],
k]G;neflgof, Go'of]s{ cflb
/fHodf a9L km;L{ kmN5 .

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cd]l/sfdf b'O{ ;bg -;+;b\_
5g\ . Pp6f l;g]6 (Senate)
xf] eg] csf]{ k|ltlglw–;ef
(House of Representatives)
xf] . dflyNnf] ;bg l;g]6df
Ps ;o ;b:o x'G5g\ .
k|ltlglw–;efdf $ ;o #%
;b:o /xG5g\ . b'j} ;bgnfO{
;+o'St ?kdf s+u|]; (Con-
gress) elgG5 . l;g]6sf
;b:o Ps /fHoaf6 @ hgfsf
b/n] r'lgG5g\ . To;}n] %)
/fHoaf6 Ps ;o hgf ePsf]
^
xf] . l;g]6 ;b:ox? jif{sf
nflu lgjf{lrt x'G5g\ .
c+u|]hL zAb ;"rL -10_
c+u|]hLdf ;fwf/0f af]nrfn ug{ sl/a # xhf/ zAb eP k'U5, tLdWo]sf] bzf}+ ;"rLM
efu !)
• arise : p7\g', pbfpg',
k'g{pTyfg x'g', cEo'bo x'g',
k|fb'ef{j x'g' .
• arm : kfv'/f, k|afx', xft,
afx'nLÙ xltof/, z:q, afx',
e'hf .
• armed : xltof/;lxt,
z:q;lxt, ;z:q .
• arms : ;}Go pks/0f,
xltof/ .
• army : ;]gf, ;}Goan, :yn–
;]gf .
• around : rf/}lt/, cf;kf;,
ghLs}, k|foM, nueu .
• arrange : ldnfpg', aGbf]a:t
ug{', tx nfpg', cfof]hg ug{',
h'/fpg', :ofxfg{', ;l/ofpg',
yfGsf]dfGsf] ug{', ;¥ofpg',
¥ofª\7\ofª\ ldnfpg', ;d]6\g',
Gyan Jyoti Kendra, 10 Ashley Dr, Manchester, NH 03103, Ph: 603 661 1039, Email : info@aksharica.com,
Website : www. aksharica.com, Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Co-ordinator : Tara Acharya, Managing Director : Sattan Acharya
/fi6«kltnfO{
dt lbg] pd]/
gful/s k/LIff (Civic Test) sf]
k':tssf yk k|Zg–pQ/ M
!= /fi6«klt–lgjf{rgdf dtbfg ug{
cd]l/sL gful/ssf] pd]/ slt
jif{sf] ePsf] x'g'k5{ < (How old
do citizens have to be to vote
for President ?)
– c7f/ -!*_ jif{ /
Tof]eGbf a9L pd]/ .
[Eighteen (18) and older]
Oltxf; x]bf{ w]/} jif{;Dd
/fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rgdf dtbfg
ug{]sf] pd]/ @! jif{ /x]sf]
b]lvG5 . ;g\ !(^)–!(&)
sf] bzssf] leotgfd o'4sf
bf}/fg Pp6f hfoh ljifo s]
p7\of] eg] o'4df hfg ;Sg]
dfG5]n] lsg dtbfgdf efu
lng ;Sb}g <Û clg ;g\ !(&!
;hfpg', yfGsf] nfpg' .
• arrangement : aGbf]a:t,
OGthfd, ljGof;, /rgf,
kl/kf6L, rfFhf], lylt, tf/tDo,
rfFhf]kfFhf], txjx, 7Ls7fs,
¥ofª\7\ofª\, Joj:yf, tof/L,
yfGsf]–dfGsf] .
• arrest : lu/ˆtf/L, y'gf,
/f]s, /f]syfd, kqmfp, w/ks8Ù
kqmg', ;dfTg', aGwgdf kfg'{ .
• arrival : cfudg, pkfud,
kx'Fr, pkl:ylt .
• arrive : k'Ug', cfOk'Ug',
cfudg x'g' .
• arrow : jf0f, tL/, sfF8 .
• art : snf, lzNk, sf}zn,
sf/Lu/L, rt'¥of{OFÙ lgk'0ftf,
lrqfªsg .
• article : j:t', rLh, yf]s,
$
@)!@ gf]e]Da/, jif{ # c+s $)
df cd]l/sL ;+ljwfgsf] @^ cf}+
;+zf]wg eof] / ;+zf]wgn]
dtbfg ug]{ pd]/ @! af6
36fP/ !* agfof] . pSt
;+zf]wgn] /fli6«o -;+3Lo_,
/fHo:t/, / :yfgLo lgjf{rgdf
dtbfg ug]{ gful/ssf] pd]/
!* eP k'Ug] sfod u¥of] .
/fli6«o dtbftf btf{
P]g -g];gn ef]6/ /lhi6«];g
ofS6_– !((#, n] dtbfgsf
nflu gfd btf{ ;lhnf]
agfof] . pd]/ k'u]sf]
gful/sn] x'nfs, ;fj{hlgs
;xfotf sfof{nox? -klAns
cl;:6]G; clkm;];_ jf nfO–
;]G; hf/L jf gjLs/0f
ug]{ sfof{nodf cfˆgf] gfd
btf{ ug{ ;S5 .
la6 dfbf{dfb}{
gof“ :tDe cf/De
klxnf] ;Gbe{ M o; c+saf6
bkmf, wf/f, cg'R5]b, clws/0f, …cIfl/sfÚ Go'hn]6/n] …vr{–ar{Ú
ljifo, ;fdu|LÙ j0ff{Tds gfds :tDe z'? u/]sf] 5 .
ljZn]if0f . cfly{s–1fgsf ljleGg ljifo o;
• artificial : snf–pTkflbt, :tDedf n]lvg]5 . o; :tDesf
lzNklgld{t, slNkt, s[lqd, /fVg ;lsg] ljifosf af/]df eg]
/r'jf, agfj6L, b]vfj6L, c;To, tkfO{+sf] ;'emfjsf] cfzf u/]sf
cjf:tljs, gsnL . 5f}+ .
• artillery : tf]k, tf]k;d"x, bf];|f] ;Gbe{ M olta]nf b]ze/
tf]kvfgf . /fi6«klt lgjf{rgsf] rrf{
• artist : snfsf/, lrq– 5 . xfdLn] lgjf{rgaf/] yf]/}
snfsf/, nlntsnfdWo] s'g} ykyfk hfgsf/L lbg] k|of; u/]sf
ljifodf k|lj0f, cfˆgf] k]zfnfO{ 5f}+ . rf/ jif{df cfpg] lgjf{rg–
nlntsnf agfpg] snfsf/, nfO{ s;/L gb]v]em}+ ug'{ <Û
5ljsf/. ;fy}, dt lbg] clwsf/–k|fKt ;a}
• artistic : snfTds, ;'Gb/ . -g]kfnL–efifL cd]l/sL gful/s_ n]
• as : ;/L, h:tf], tyf, ha, lgjf{rgsf] lbg -gf]e]Da/ ^_
;dfg, k|sf/n] . la;{g' x'Gg / dtbfg ug'{x'G5
• as soon as : ljlQs}, eGg]df 9'Ss 5f}+ .
hlt;Sbf] . qmdzM wGojfb