What is Ethernet ?

In this section you will learn about the lan terminology, basic ethernet
networking overview, a general introduction to LAN, introduction to IEEE, lan
topologies, wan standards. You can also find these categories in this site such as
network tutorials, computer networking guide, what is networking, tech study
guides, topologies, what is data recovery, wireless communication, computer
interview questions and network certification. The IEEE standards have been
developed by the International Standards Organization (ISO). The Institute of
Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) in 1985 produced a series of
standards for the Local Area Networks, which are called IEEE 802 standards. 
These standards have been accepted widely throughout the IT world. One of the IEEE 802 standards, the
IEEE 802.3 is known as “Ethernet”. Ethernet is the most widely used LAN technology. Ethernet was
developed by Xerox corporations in 1972 and it was the first LAN.

According to the ISO standards allows manufactures to produce the devices and equipments, which are
guaranteed to operate anywhere.

  

The Ethernet in its simplest form uses a passive bus that operates at 10 Mbps. The bus is formed from
the co-axial cable, which connects all the PCs in the LAN.

A single LAN may have 1024 attached computers, although in the real practice most LANS have fewer
computers than this number. One or more segments of the co-axial cable are attached to end to end to
create the Ethernet Cable Segment. Each segment is terminated by 50 ohm resistors.

In today’s IT world the reliable and timely access to the information has become vital. Today coworkers
thousands of miles apart from each other can share data, voice, video etc
  
with the fractions of seconds. Similarly a larger number of the
coworkers can review the research data simultaneously. The Internet
allows businesses to share information and resources with their customers.

Ethernet is a communication protocol that is embedded in software and hardware devices that intended.
Ethernet has become the standard computer networking protocol with the help of the Xerox, Intel and
Digital

A basic LAN consists of the following components.

• Two or more computers.

• Network Interface card or LAN Card in each PC.
• Ethernet cable (Cat5, UTP/SPT) cable to connect the two computers.
• A hub, switch or router to route or direct the network traffic.
• Software for the communication/computer networking.
A network interface card (NIC) is attached and installed in each PC and is assigned a unique address. An
Ethernet cable is used to connect two computers; Ethernet cable has RJ45connectors at both ends. There
can be two scenarios 1. Two computers can directly connect with each other or 2. Each computer is
directly connected with the hub/switch and hence communication occurs in the network. The hub or
switch acts as relay.

Computer Network can be wireless. Despite of using Ethernet cable for the communication, Wireless
Network Interface cards use radio waves to communicate with the wireless switch or hub. A small
antenna is used in the wireless NICs, switches and hubs. Although the wireless networks are more easy
to use as compared to the cabled networks, but more configurations and extra care is required to setup
and run a wireless network.

The alternate technologies to Ethernet are “Token Ring”, which is used in the Ring Topologiesnetworks.
Token Ring is designed by the IBM and ATM. In ATM networking, devices are connected with each
other over a very large distance (thus forms the WAN), and behaves like LANs.

Ethernet is a well established and widely used network standard for small to medium sized Ethernet
networks as well as for other networks. Ethernet has been used over the 3 decades and forms a very
excellent networking/communication environment. 
Ethernet Terms
Ethernet follows a simple set of rules. To understand these rules its important to understand the

following terminology.

• Node – The devices that are attached to the segments are nodes. 
• Frame – The nodes (computers or network devices) communicates in the form of short messages that
are known as frames. The frames are chunks of information with variable size. 
• Segment – A single shared medium is known as a Ethernet segment.

• Medium – The Ethernet devices are attached to a common medium. The frames of the data travel along
with that medium. This medium can be coaxial cable. Today most commonly used communication
mediums are UTP/STP cable, fiber optic cables.

Frames are analogous in human language. We have some rules for constructed the sentences. The

Ethernet protocol specifies a set of rules for constructing the frames. The frames length varies. Each
frame must contain source and destination address for the identification of the recipient and the send of
the message. The nodes can be uniquely and easily identified. Each Ethernet devices must have a single
unique address.

Compute networking standards has brought a revolution in the network computing and it made the
communication very easy and standarized. Now every computer and networking devices has to to follow
the same standard to communicate with each other.