Design Report of Intz Type Water Tank-Bia-01.07.2015 PDF

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF INTZE TYPE WATER TANK- BIA
DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
Structural Design Report
Content
1.Genaral Details page 01
2.Basic Design Parameters page 01
3.Load evaluation & Structural analysis with SAP 2000 page 07
4.3D Model of the Intz type water tank page 09
5.Applying loads to the model page 12
6.Analysis results page 14
7.Summary of Reinforcement details page 20
8.Structural Element Design page 21
9.Appendix “A” Design calculations page 22

1.0.0 GENERAL DETAILS
1.1.0 Introduction
It is proposed to construct 450m3 capacity Intze type water tank of Bandaranaike International Air
Port Development Project Phase 2, Stage 2.This Design Report is prepared to highlight the loading
details analysis with SAP2000 software and structural design calculations of each elements of the
proposed Intz type water tank.
1.2.0 Brief Structural Description
Among the different types of tanks used for water towers “Intze” tank is a very economical type for
reinforced concrete water towers of large capacity, because of its ability to carry part of water load
by direct compressive forces.
Intze tank, a domed cover is provided at top with a cylindrical and conical wall at bottom. A ring
beam will be required to support the domed roof. A ring beam is also provided at the junction of the
cylindrical and conical walls. The conical wall and the tank floor are supported on a ring girder which
is supported on a circular wall.
1.3.0 Computer Programs/Software
Stresses analysis of “Intze” tank is extremely complicated due to many degrees of redundancy.
Therefore structural analyzed was done using SAP 2000 version 14 (Nonlinear Structural analysis
Software).
2.0.0 BASIC DESIGN PARAMETERS

Type of tank Intz tank
Capacity 450 m3
2.1.0 Material Properties
2.1.1 Concrete
• Concrete grade C35A with a minimum cement content of 375 Kg/m3 of finished concrete
will be used for water retaining structures (Top dome, Top ring beam, Cylindrical wall,
Middle ring beam, Conical dome, Bot tom ring beam & bot tom dome)
• Concrete grade C30 will be used for shaft wall (circular wall), intermediate slabs and
foundation works.
2.1.2 Steel
Characteristic strength of reinforcement steel is (Deform bars Type 2) fy = 460 N/mm 2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement steel is (Mild Steel) fy = 250 N/mm 2
Page 1
2.2 Cover
Cover to outer layer of steel
For Walls,Beams and shaft- 40mm
For base slab and footing- 50mm
2.3 Design Parameters
Fcu (C35A) (N/mm2) 35
Allowable tensile stress in concrete (C35A) (N/mm2) 5

Allowable steel stress in flexure or direct tension (N/mm2) (SLS) 130
Characteristic strength - fy (tor steel) (N/mm2) 460
Density of concrete (kN/m3) 24
Ec (C35A) of concrete (kN/mm2) 27
Ec (C30) of concrete (kN/mm2) 26
Es of steel (kN/mm2) 200
Density of water (kN/m3) 10
Maximum crack width - Wmax (mm) 0.2
Page 2
2.4 Dimensions of tank

Dimensions are shown in a following figure No-2.4-1
Figure No :2.4-1- Basic Dimensions of proposed intz type water tank for BIA
Page 3
2.5 Volume Calculation of the water tank
1.Volume of Cylindical Section

D = 12.5m
h1 = 2.75m
πD 2 h π × 12.5 2 × 2.75
V1 = =
4 4
V1 = 337.48m → 1
3
2.Volume of Frustum Cone

D = 12.5m
d 1 = 5 .6 m
h2 = 2.611m
π π
V2 = × h × ( D 2 + Dd + d 2 ) = × 2.611 × (12.5 2 + 12.5 × 5.6 + 5.6 2 )
12 12
V2 = 176m 3 → 2
3.Volume of Spherical Dome

h3 = 1m
r=d = 5 .6 m = 2 .8 m
2 2
πh π ×1
V3 = 3 × (3r 2 + h 2 ) = × (3 × 2.8 2 + 12 )
6 6
V3 = 12.83m 3 → 3
4.Volume of Central Section

d 2 = 1 .9 m
h4 = 4.53m
πD 2 h π × 1.9 2 × 4.53
V4 = =
4 4
V4 = 12.84m → 4
3
Page 4
5.Volume of Frustum Cone at 500mm height min imum retention

D = 12.5m
d 1 = 5 .6 m
h5 = 0.5m
π π
V2 = × h × ( D 2 + Dd + d 2 ) = × 0.5 × (12.5 2 + 12.5 × 5.6 + 5.6 2 )
12 12
V2 = 33.7 m 3 → 5
From 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5
Net Capacity of the Tank = V1 + V2 −V 3−V4 − V5
= 337.48 + 176 − 12.83 − 12.84 − 33.7 = 454.11m 3
2.5 STANDARDS REFERRED
Design codes of practices
• British Standard 6399: 1996 - Code of practice for loading for concrete structures. Part 1
• British Standard BS 8007: 1987- Design of concrete structures for retaining aqueous liquids
• British Standard BS 8110: 1985- Structural use of concrete
• CP3: Chapter V: Part 2: 1972 - Code of basic data for the design of buildings. Chapter V:
Loading. Part 2: Wind Loads.
Manuals and Hand books
• Reynolds's Reinforced Concrete Designer's Handbook.

• Reinforced Concrete Structures- Volume 2 By Dr. B. C. Punmia, Ashok Kr. Jain, Arun Kr. Jain,
Dr. B.C. Punmia, Ashok Kr. Jain, Arun Kr. Jain.
• Design of Reinforced Concrete Shells and Folded Plates-P.C. Varghese
Page 5
2.2.0 Loads
The loads were calculated in accordance with BS 6399 and CP3 Chapter V-2 (For Wind loads)
The following loads have been considered:
(a). Permanent Loads :
1. Dead Loads
2. Finishes
3. Loads due to steel structures
(b). Water loads:
1. Water weight
2. Water pressure on walls
(c). Live loads
(d).Wind Loads
Page 6
3.0 LOAD EVALUATIONS AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS WITH SAP 2000.
3.1.0 Introduction
Analysis was done using SAP 2000 finite element software. Shell thin area element introduced for
the roof dome, frustum cone, circular walls, intermediate slabs and bottom slab. Pin supports were
applied as a support of the structure alone bottom of the supporting circular wall and foundation
design was done separately.
3D Model of the Intze tank is shown in Figure No: 4.1 to 4.6
3.2 Loads
3.2.1 Dead Load
Self-Weight of the structure Calculate automatically using Self Weight multiplier in SAP2000.
3.2.2 Water pressure and water weight

Water pressure on walls due to water mass of the tank applied to the respective walls using joint
pattern option in SAP 2000.
Water weight applied as surface pressure on frustum cone.
3.2.3 Wind Loads

Wind loads were calculated as per CP3 chapter V and applied to the finite element model
considering the basic wind speed corresponds to Wind Zone 3-Post disaster in Sri Lanka is 38 m/s.
3.2.4 Imposed Load

Live load in the intermediate slab and bottom slab 1.5kN/m
Page 7
3.3.0 Load Combinations

The design would require consider following stages of loading,
• Nominal loads to check stability-Overturning against wind loads.

• Serviceability limits state for crack width calculations.
• Ultimate limit stale of flexure for reinforcement design.
Therefore the envelopes of above instances of load combinations should be considered. The analysis
results for that envelope should be used for design. In order to that, loading patterns should be
defined to cover all the loading configurations that might be applied to the structure.
The load combinations given in BS8110: Part 1 -1985 Table 2.1 applied to this particular design.
Combination 1 (Full condition) : 1.4 Dead +1.6 Live loads+1.4 Water Loads
Combination 2 (Empty) : 1.0 Dead+1.4Wind
Combination 3 (Full condition) : 1.2Dead+1.2Imposed loads 1.2 Water loads+1.2 Wind
Page 8
4.0 3D Model of the Intz type Water Tank
Figure No :4-1- 3D Model of the intz type water tank -01
Page 9
Page 10
Page 11
5.0 3D Apply load to the SAP2000 Model
Water Pressure
Figure No :5.2- Water Pressure on water tank- values with arrows
Page 12
Wind Load
Figure No :5.3- Wind Pressure on water tank
Page 13
6.0 Analysis Results of the Intz type Water Tank
6.1 Top Dome
Max hoop Thrust(ULS) = 42 kN/m Max hoop Stress (ULS) = 0. 19N/mm2 (Compressive)
Figure No :6-1- Circumferential(hoop) Thrust and Circumferential(hoop) Stress of Top Dome

- Ultimate limit state
Figure No :6-2- Circumferential(hoop) Thrust of Top Dome- Serviceability limit state
Max hoop Thrust(SLS) = 32 kN/m
Page 14
Max Meridional thrust(ULS) = 60 kN/m Max Meridional Stress (ULS) = 0.26N/mm2
Figure No :6-3- Meridional Stress thrust and Meridional Stress of Top Dome- Ultimate limit
state
Figure No :6-4- Meridional thrust of Top Dome- serviceability limit state
Max - Meridional thrust(SLS)=48kN/m
Page 15
6.2 Cylindrical Wall
Max Hoop tension (ULS) = 325 kN/m
Max Hoop tension (SLS) = 250 kN/m
Figure No :6.5 –Hoop Stress of Cylindrical Wall- Ultimate state & serviceability state
for serviceability limit state

Page 16
6.3 Conical section
Max Circumferential(hoop) Thrust(ULS) = 510 kN/m Max hoop Stress(ULS) = 1.275 N/mm2
Figure No :6-6- Circumferential(hoop) Thrust and Circumferential(hoop) Stress of Conical section
- Ultimate limit state
Max Circumferential(hoop) Thrust(SLS) = 400 kN/m
Figure No :6-7- Circumferential(hoop) Thrust of Conical section -Serviceability limit state
Page 17
Max Meridional thrust (ULS) = 600 kN/m MaxMeridional Stress(ULS) = 1.5 N/mm2- Compressive
Figure No :6-8- Meridional Thrust and Meridional Stress of Conical section- Ultimate limit state
Figure No :6-9- Meridional Thrust of Conical section- Serviceability limit state
Maximum Meridional thrust(SLS) = 480 kN/m-compressive
Page 18
6.4 Bottom Spherical Dome

Dome
Max hoop Thrust(ULS) = 300 kN/m Max hoop Stress(ULS) = 1.2 N/mm2 Compressive
Figure No :6-10- Hoop Thrust and Hoop Stress of Bottom Spherical Dome - Ultimate limit state
Max Meridional thrust(ULS) = 250 kN/m Max Meridional Stress(ULS) = 1.0 N/mm2-Compressive
Figure No :6-11- Meridional Thrust and Meridional Stress of Bottom Spherical Dome - Ultimate limit
state
Page 19
7. Summary of Reinforcement Detail
Structural R/f detail Concrete

Section Size
element grade
T12 @200 C/C for both direction

Top dome 225mm C35A
both layers
4T16 each layer , shear link T10

Top Ring Beam 400mm x 500mm C35A
@150 C/C
Cylindrical Wall T12 @150 C/C for both direction

300mm C35A
both layers
Middle Ring 4T25 each layer , shear link T12

500mm x 750mm C35A
Beam @150 C/C
T16 @100 C/C for Circumferential

direction both layer
Conical Section T12@200C/C for meridianal 400mm C35A
direction both layer
Bottom spherical T12 @200 C/C for both direction

250mm C35A
dome both layers
Bottom Ring 8T20 each layer , shear link T12

500mm x 1000mm C35A
Beam @150 C/C

Shaft 200mm C30
both layers
Upper
lantern(walls &
T10 @150 C/C for both
Slabs)& 200mm C30
directionboth layers
intermediate
platforms

Central section 200mm C35A
both layers
T25@150 B1C/C , T16@ 150 B2 C/C

Foundation 900 mm C30
T16@ 150 T1/T2 C/C
Note: Tension lap should be 70D (D- diameter of the bar)
Page 20
8.0 Structural Element Design
The design of the tank was involve the following.

(1) The dome:
At top 225 mm thick with reinforcement along the meridians and latitudes.
(2) Ring beam supporting the dome:
The ring beam is necessary to resist the horizontal component of the thrust of the dome. The ring
beam should be designed for the hoop tension induced.
(3) Cylindrical walls:
This has to be designed for hoop tension caused due to horizontal water pressure.
(4) Ring beam at the junction of the cylindrical walls and the conical wall:
This ring beam is provided to resist the horizontal component of the react ion of the conical wall on
the cylindrical wall. The ring beam should be designed for the induced hoop tension.
(5) Conical slab:
This will be designed for hoop tension due to water pressure .The slab will also be designed as a slab
spanning between the ring beam at top and the ring girder at bottom.
(6)Floor of the tank.
The floor is domed (Frustum cone). This slab is support the ring girder.
(7) The ring girder:
This will be designed to support the tank and its contents. The girder will be supported on shaft wall
should be designed for resulting bending moment and Torsion.
(8) Circular Wall:
These are to be designed for the total load transferred to them.
(9)Foundations:
Raft foundation was introduced and
Reinforcement of each elements were calculated for restrict cracking due to both serviceability limit
state-flexural effect (mature concrete) and thermal and moisture effect.
Maximum design surface crack widths “W” in BS8007 for direct tension and flexure or restrained
temperature and moisture effects are as,
W=0.2mm –for severe or very severe exposure.
.
Page 21
9. Annex A- Structural Design Calculation
Page 22
A.1 Design of Top Dome
Rev
450m3 Intz Type Water Tank
Sheet No 01
BIA Development Project
ECL Date
Made by S.M.A.K
Design Calculations for Top Dome
Checked by T.M.C.R
Basic Dimensions
Basic Dimensions
Figure A.1-1 :Dimensions

Dimensions of the Top Dome
SAP 2000 Outputs
tate
Ultimate Limit State
SAP 2000 Maximum Meridional thrust = 60 kN/m
Outputs Maximum Meridional Stress = 0.26N/mm2 <0.45fcu
Figure 6.1to Maximum Circumferential(hoop) Thrust = 42 kN/m
Figure 6.4
Maximum Circumferential(hoop) Stress= 0. 19N/mm2 <0.45fcu
imit State
Serviceability Limit
Maximum Meridional thrust = 48kN/m
Maximum Meridional Stress =0.21

= N/mm2
Maximum Circumferential(hoop) Thrust = 32 kN/m

Maximum Circumferential(hoop) Stress = 0.142 N/mm2
Page | 1
Rev
Sheet No 02
ECL Date
Made by S.M.A.K
Checked by T.M.C.R
Reinforcement Design of Top Dome
Hoop stress is compressive over the entire domain (except of
edges) and it is less than the meridinal stress.
Hence ,Provide minimum R/ F
100 A
s  0 .4
BS8110
bh
As  0.4  1000  225
Part 1:1985 100
Table3.27 As  900 mm / m 2
Reinforcement for shrinkage
Pcrit  0.0035
BS8007
 0.0035  10  225
3
Minimum R / F
Cl 2.6.2.3 2
 393.75mm per each direction each Zone
2
BS8007 W max  S max R    (T1  T2 )
Cl A-3 W max  ( f ct )  ( )  R    (T1  T2 )

fb 2
0.2  0.67  (  )  10  10  6  1 (30  10)
2 2
  3.35  10  4  
for   10   0.00335   cnt

for   12   0.00402   cnt
As  0.00402  10 3  225
2
 452.25mm / m 2
T12@200
Consider T12@200 As Prov=566 mm2/m each face
Page | 2
Structural Design for Intz Type Water Tank
Rev
Sheet No 03
ECL Date
Made by S.M.A.K
Checked by T.M.C.R
Check for Crack width
Apparent Strain ε = TA E
1
s s
ε = 48 × 103
1 (566 × 2) × 225 × 10 3
ε = 1.88 × 10 − 4 mm
1
BS8007 Strain ε = 2bh 3 A E

2
s s
Cl B-4
ε = 2 × 225 × 1000
2 3 × 200 × 103 × 566 × 2
ε = 6.62 × 10 − 4 mm
2
ε= ε −ε Negative value
m 1 2
So Uncracked sec tion, hence OK . T12@200
Pr ovide T 12 @ 200 in both direction both layers.
Both
direction
Both Layers
Page | 3
A.2 Design of Top Ring Beam
Rev
Sheet No 04
ECL Date
Made by S.M.A.K
Design Calculations for Top Ring Beam
Checked by T.M.C.R
Basic Dimensions
FigureA.1-2:Dimensions
Dimensions of the Top Ring
Beam,b=400mm,h=500mm
,b=400mm,h=500mm
SAP 2000 Outputs
tate
SAP 2000 Hoop Tension = Horizontal component of meridianal
meridi thrust
Outputs from the dome.
Tuls = Nφ × cos φ × D / 2, φ = 33
Tuls = 60 × cos 33 × 12.5 / 2 = 315kN
imit State
Tsls = Nφ × cos φ × D / 2, φ = 33
Tsls = 48 × cos 33 × 12.5 / 2 = 251kN
Steel Ast = T
0.87 f y
3
Ast = 315 × 10 = 787 mm 2 / m
0.87 × 460
4T16 each
4T 16 − As = 805 mm 2 / m for each layer layer
Page | 4
Rev
Sheet No 05
ECL Date
Made by S.M.A.K
Checked by T.M.C.R
BS8007 Apparent Strain ε = TA E

1
s s
Cl B-4
ε = 251 × 10 3
1 805 × 200 × 103
ε = 1.55 × 10 − 3 mm
1
Strain ε = 2bh 3 A E
2
s s
ε = 2 × 400 × 500
2 3 × 200 × 103 × 805
ε = 8.28 × 10 − 4 mm
2
ε = ε −ε
m 1 2
BS8007 ε = 7.22 × 10 − 4 mm
m
Cl B-5
a cr = ( S ) 2 + [C + φ / 2 + φ1 ]2 − φ / 2
2
S = 140mm
φ = 10mm, C = 40mm Link (φ ) = 10mm
then,
a cr = 83mm
W = 3a cr ε
m
= 3 × 83 × 7.22 × 10 − 4
= 0.18mm < 0.2mm OK .
Hence Crack Width is satisfactory.
Page | 5
Rev
Sheet No 06
ECL Date
Made by S.M.A.K
Checked by T.M.C.R
Shear Reinforcement
Table 3.8 0.4bv
Asv 
BS 8110-1:1985 Sv 0.87 f y
Consider T 10 @150mm
As  524mm 2 / m
d  500  40  10  16  442mm
2
Sv  (  10  2 )  (0.87  460
2
)
4 0.4  400
Sv  393mm
Sv  0.75d
Sv  331.5mm
T10 @150
PROVIDE T 10 @150mm
Check for shrinkage

W max  S max R    (T1  T2 )
W max  ( f ct ) ( )  R    (T1  T2 )
fb 2
0.2  0.67  (  ) 10 10  6  1 (30  10)
2 2
  3.35 10  4  
BS 8007
Cl A.3 for   10   3.35 10 3   cnt
for   12   4.02 10 3   cnt
  10, As  0.00335 10 3  200  670mm 2 / m
  12, As  0.00402 10 3  200  804mm 2 / m
OK
Page | 6
A.3 Design of Cylindrical Wall
Rev
Sheet No 07
ECL Date
Made by S.M.A.K
Design Calculations for Cylindrical wall
Checked by T.M.C.R
Cl.3.4.4.4 Basic Dimensions

BS 8110-
1:1997

Dimensions of the Cylindrical wall
SAP 2000 Outputs
SAP 2000 Maximum Circumferential(hoop) Tension = 325 kN/m
Outputs
Serviceability Limit State
Figure 6.5
Maximum Circumferential(hoop) Tension = 25
250 kN/m
For ULS Steel Area,
Steel Area As = T
0.87 f y
3
As = 325 × 10
0.87 × 460
As = 812mm 2 / m
T12 @150
Minimum R / F = 0.4 × 300 × 1000 = 1200mm 2 / m
100 Both layer
Pr ovide two layers each have 600 mm 2 / m
PROVIDE T 12 @150 ( Asprov = 754mm 2 / m)
Page | 7
Rev
Sheet No 08
ECL Date
Made by S.M.A.K
Design Calculations for Cylindrical wall
Checked by T.M.C.R
Consider T 12 @150 As  754mm 2 / m
BS8007   T
1 A E
s s
Cl B-4 3
  250  10
1 (754  2)  200  103
  8.3  10  4 mm
1
Strain   2bh
2 3A E
s s
  2  300  1000
2 3  200  103  754  2
  6.63  10  4 mm
2
      1.65  10  4 mm S  100mm, acr  66mm
m 1 2
W  3acr   3  66  1.65  10  4  0.03  0.2mm OK
m
Hence OK , Crack Width is satisfactory.
Crack for shrinkage
W max  S max R    (T1  T2 )

0.2  0.67  (  )  10  10  6  1 (30  10)
2 2
T12@150
  3.35  10  4  
Both
for   12   4.02  10 3   cnt
direction
As  0.00402  10 3  300  603mm 2 / m Each face
2
Pr ovide T 12 @ 150 at each face for both direction
Page | 8
A.4 Design of Middle Ring Beam
Rev
Sheet No 09
ECL Date
Design Calculations for Middle Ring Made by S.M.A.K
Beam Checked by T.M.C.R
Basic Dimensions

Dimensions of the Middle Ring Beam
b=500mm, h=750mm
SAP 2000 Outputs
Hoop tension due to water load only= 115kN/m

SAP 2000 Total vertical load on beam=
Outputs 60.2kN/m,N=(60.2/sin40)=93.7kN/m
Hoop Tension=
N cosθ ×12.5 × 0.5 = 93.7 × cos(40) × 12.5 × 0.5 = 449kN / m
SLS-Hoop
Hoop tension on beam=449+115=564 kN/m
ULS-Hoop
Hoop tension on beam=1.4*449+1.2*115=766.6 kN/m
As for ULS ,
As = T
0.87 f y
3
As = 766.6 × 10 = 1915mm 2 / m 4T25 each
0.87 × 460
PROVIDE 4T 25 ( Asprov = 1960 mm 2 / m) for each face layer
Page | 9
Rev
Sheet No 10
ECL Date
BS8007 Apparent Strain ε = TA E

1
s s
Cl B-4
ε = 564 × 103
1 1960 × 200 × 103
ε = 1.43 × 10 − 3 mm
1
2
s s
ε = 2 × 500 × 750
2 3 × 200 × 10 3 × 1960
ε = 6.37 × 10 − 4 mm
2
ε = ε −ε
m 1 2
BS8007 ε = 7.93 × 10 − 4 mm
m
Cl B-5
a cr = ( S ) 2 + [C + φ / 2 + φ1 ]2 − φ / 2
2
S = 99 mm
φ = 10 mm, C = 40 mm Link (φ ) = 10 mm
then ,
a cr = 74 .7 mm
W = 3a cr ε
m
= 3 × 74.7 × 7.93 × 10 − 4
= 0.18mm < 0.2 mm OK .
Hence Crack Width is satisfacto ry.
Page | 10
Rev
Sheet No 11
ECL Date
Shear Reinforcement
Shear effect is nominal, provide nominal R/F
Table 3.8 0.4bv
Asv 
BS 8110-1:1985 Sv 0.87 f y
Consider T 12 @150mm
As  905mm 2 / m
d  750  40  10  25  687.5mm
2
Sv  (  10  2 )  ( .87  460
2 0 )
4 0.4  500
Sv  453mm
Sv  0.75d
Sv  518mm
T12 @150
PROVIDE T 12 @150mm
Check for shrinkage
W max  S max R    (T1  T2 )
W max  ( f ct )  ( )  R    (T1  T2 )
fb 2
0.2  0.67  (  )  12  10  6  1 (30  10)
2 2
  3.35  10  4  
BS 8007
Cl A.3
for   12   4.02  10 3   cnt
As  0.00402  10 3  250
 1005mm 2 / m
4T25
Page | 11
A.5 Design of Conical Section
Rev
Sheet No 12
ECL Date
Made by S.M.A.K
Design Calculations for Conical Section
Checked by T.M.C.R
Basic Dimensions

Dimensions of the Conical Section
SAP 2000 Outputs
tate
SAP 2000 Maximum Meridional thrust = 600 kN/m- Compressive
Outputs Maximum Meridional Stress =
=1.5 N/mm2<0.45fcu- OK
Figure 6.6 to
Figure 6.9
Maximum Circumferential(hoop) Stress= 1.275 N/mm2
imit State
Maximum Meridional thrust = 480 kN/m-compressive
Page | 12
Rev
Sheet No 13
ECL Date
Made by S.M.A.K
Checked by T.M.C.R
Reinforcement Design of Conical Section
T
As = uls
130
3
As = 510 × 10
130
2
BS8007 As = 3923 mm / m
Table3.1
2011mm 2 / m for each face
PROVIDE T 16 @ 100, As = 2011mm 2 / m T16@100
Each face

b=400mm, h=1000mm
BS8007
1
Cl B-4 s s
ε = 400 × 103
1 (2011 × 2) × 200 × 103
ε = 4.97 × 10 − 4 mm
1
2
s s
ε = 2 × 400 × 1000
2 3 × 200 × 103 × 2011 × 2
ε = 3.31 × 10 − 4 mm
2
ε = ε −ε = 1.66 × 10 − 4 mm
m 1 2
Page | 13
Rev
Sheet No 14
ECL Date
Made by S.M.A.K
Checked by T.M.C.R
acr  (S ) 2  [C   / 2  1 ]2   / 2
2
S  100mm
  16mm, C  40mm Link( )  10mm
then,
BS8007 acr  61.31mm
Cl B-5 W  3acr 
m
 3  61.311.66 10 4
 0.0305mm  0.2mm OK.
Hence Crack Width is satisfactory

Pcrit  0.0035
BS8007 W max  S max R    (T1  T2 ))

A-3
0.2  0.67  (  )  10  10  6  1 (30  10)
2 2
  3.35  10  4  
for   12   4.02  10 3   cnt
As  0.00402  10 3  400
2
 804mm / m2
T12@200
Consider T12@200 As Prov=566 mm2/m each face
Page | 14
A.6 Design of bottom spherical dome
Rev
Sheet No 15
ECL Date
Design Calculations for bottom spherical Made by S.M.A.K
dome Checked by T.M.C.R
Basic Dimensions

Dimensions of the Bottom Spherical Dome
SAP 2000 Outputs
tate
SAP 2000 Maximum Meridional thrust = 250 kN/m
Outputs Maximum Meridional Stress =1
=1.0 N/mm2<0.45fcu OK
Figure 6.10 to Compressive over entire domain.
Figure 6.11 Maximum Circumferential(hoop) Thrust = 300 kN/m
Maximum Circumferential ((hoop) Stress= 1.2 N/mm2<0.45fcu

OK Compressive over entire domain.
Page | 15
Rev
Sheet No 16
ECL Date
Reinforcement Design of bottom Dome
Hoop stress and meridinal stress compressive over the entire
domain.
Hence ,Provide minimum R/ F
100 A T12@200
s  0 .4
bh each
BS8110 As  0.4  1000  250 direction
100
Part 1:1985
As  1000 mm 2 / m bath layers
Table3.27
565mm 2 / m for each face
PROVIDE T 12 @ 200
Pcrit  0.0035
BS8007
 0.0035  10  250
3
Minimum R / F
Cl 2.6.2.3 2
 437.5mm per each direction each Zone
2
BS8007 W max  S max R    (T1  T2 )

Cl A-3 0.2  0.67  (  )  10  10  6  1 (30  10)
2 2
  3.35  10  4  
f
for   12   4.02  10 3   cnt
As  0.00402  10 3  250
2
 502.5mm / m 2
PROVIDE T 12 @ 200 both layer
Page | 16
Rev
Sheet No 17
ECL Date

Consider T12@200, b=250mm, h=1000mm
BS8007
1
Cl B-4 s s
ε = 18.1 × 103
1 (566 × 2) × 200 × 10 3
ε = 7.99 × 10 − 5 mm
1
2
s s
ε = 2 × 250 × 1000
2 3 × 200 × 103 × 566 × 2
ε = 7.36 × 10 − 4 mm
2
ε
= ε −ε Negative value
m 1 2
Hence Uncracked sec tion OK
Page | 17
A.7 Design of Bottom Ring Beam
Rev
Sheet No 18
ECL Date
Design Calculations for Bottom Ring Made by S.M.A.K
Basic Dimensions
Figure A.1-7 :Dimensions of the Top Dome

b=500mm, h=1000mm
SAP 2000 Outputs
SAP 2000 Horizontal component of the thrust from the shell
Outputs At ring beam level = 650cos(40=497kN/m
Figure 5.1 Horizontal component of the meridianal thrust from the shell
At ring beam bottom level = 215cos(40)=164N/m
Net Horizontal force=597-164=333kN/m
Hoop Compression = 333 × 5.8 = 965kN / m

2
Steel Ast = T
0.87 f y
3
Ast = 5965 × 10 = 2411mm 2 / m
0.87 × 460 8T20 each
layer
8T 20 − As = 2514mm 2 / m for each face
Page | 18
Rev
Sheet No 19
ECL
Date
BS8007 b=500mm, h=1000mm
Cl B-4 1
s s
ε = 660 × 10 3
1 2514 × 200 ×10 3
ε = 1.3110 − 3 mm
1
2
s s
ε = 2 × 500 × 1000
2 3 × 200 × 10 3 × 2514
ε = 6.6 × 10 − 4 mm
2
ε =ε −ε
m 1 2
BS8007 ε = 6.52 × 10 − 4 mm
m
Cl B-5
a cr = ( S ) 2 + [C + φ / 2 + φ1 ] 2 − φ / 2
2
S = 96mm
φ = 2mm, C = 40mm Link (φ ) = 10mm
then,
a cr = 68.7m
W = 3a cr ε
m
= 3 × 68.7 × 6.520 − 4
= 0.134mm < 0.2mm OK .
Hence Crack Width is satisfactory.
Page | 19
Rev
Sheet No 20
ECL Date
Shear Reinforcement
Shear effect is nominal, provide nominal R/F
Table 3.8 0.4bv
Asv 
BS 8110-1:1985
Sv 0.87 f y
Consider T 12 @ 150mm
As  754mm 2 / m
d  1000  40  10  20 / 2  940mm
Sv  ( 12 2  2 )  (0.87  460 )
4 0.4  500
Sv  453mm
Sv  0.75d
Sv  705mm
PROVIDE T 12 @ 150mm T12@150
Check for shrinkage
W max  S max R    (T1  T2 )
W max  ( f ct )  ( )  R    (T1  T2 )
fb 2
0.2  0.67  (  )  10  10  6  1 (30  10)
2 2
  3.35  10  4  
BS 8007
Cl A.3
for   12   4.02  10 3   cnt
As  0.00402  10 3  500
2
 1005mm / m 2
OK
Page | 20
A.8 Design of supporting shaft
Rev
Sheet No 21
ECL Date
Made by S.M.A.K
Design Calculations for supporting Shaft
Checked by T.M.C.R
Load
SAP 2000 Factored total Weight of the tank (ULS condition) = 15200kN
Outputs Serviceability Limit State
Figure 5.1 Total Weight of the tank (SLS condition) = 11627kN
2 2
SectionalArea = π (r1 − r2 ) = π (3.0 2 − 2.8 2 )
SectionalArea = 3.64m 2
π
Second moment of area = × (6 4 − 5.6 4 )
64
= 15.3m 4
Wind Load
Basic wind speed = 38m / s

Wind Pr essure = 0.613 (VS 1 S 2 S 3 ), k = 0.613
S1 = 1.1, S 2 = 1, S 3 = 1
2
Wind Pr essure = 0.613 (38 × 1.1×1.0)
1000
2
= 1.07kN / m
Moment Due to Wind Force

Pr ojected Area of Over Head Tank = 87 m 2
Vertical Pr ojected Area of Shaft = 18 × 6 = 108m 2
Post Disaster Wind speed = 38m / s

Shape factor = 0.7
Page | 21
Rev
Sheet No 22
ECL Date
Made by S.M.A.K
Checked by T.M.C.R
Mzaximum Bending Moment caused by Wind

1m below ground level
= 0.7 ×1.07 × [(20.6 + 1 + 3.11 / 2) × 87 + 108 × (20.6 / 2)]
M = 2407 kNm
Shear Check due to wind force
Max Shear caused at Ground level = 0.7 ×1.07(87 + 108)

= 146kN
Max Shear caused at the base = Shear force
Area
3
Renolds = 146 ×10
3.64 ×10 6
Hand Book = 0.04 N / mm 2 < 0.77 N / mm 2
Hence, No Shear Reinforcement required
Check for Buckling
Axial Compressio n(Tank full − ULS ) = 15200kN

3
Compressiv e Stress = 15200 × 10
3.64 × 10 6
= 4.18 N / mm 2 < 0.45 f cu
Axial Compressio n(Tank Empty − ULS ) = 8713kN

3
Compressiv e Stress = 8713 × 10
3.64 × 10 6
= 2.39 / mm 2 < 0.45 f cu
Page | 22
Rev
Sheet No 23
ECL Date
Made by S.M.A.K
Checked by T.M.C.R
Seismic Force
The design load for seismic effect is taken as,
Dead Load+ weight of Over Head Tank including water+0.25%of Live load
F ( Design Load ) = 9817 kN
W (Weight of shaft ) = 1809kN
Effective equivalent force f = F +W
3
= 10420kN
The lateral deflection at the top of the water tank due to equivalent load
is
V (
= WL
3
3EI
)(
× 1 + 3 × 0.5h
2L
)
L = 18 + 2.61 + 1 + 3.115 / 2 = 23.16m
E = 27GPa
V = 0.105
Natural period of the Tank T = 2π v
g
= 0.65 sec
Average acceleration coefficient for T = 0.65 and 5% damping

Sa
= 0.12
g
Seismic coefficient ,
α h = βIF0  S a g 
 
α h = 1× 1.5 × 0.2 × 0.12 = 0.036
Page | 23
Rev
Sheet No 24
ECL Date
Made by S.M.A.K
Checked by T.M.C.R
Mzaximum Bending Moment caused by Seismic forces

1m below ground level
h
[( 2
)]
Mq = α  F 18 + 1 + 2.61 + 3.11 + W (18 + 1)  
 2  
Mq = 0.036 × {[9817 × 23.16] + 1809 × 9.5}
Mq = 8803kN
Add extra for earth pressure for 1m depth,

Mq = 9000kN
Vq = 0.036 × (9817 + 1809 ) = 418kN ≈ 425kN
Design Check for Wind Load or Seismic Load condition.
Seismic load condition dominates over the wind condition. The critical
bending moment and shear forces at 1m below the ground
level(neglecting the passive resistance of earth)are,
Mq=9000kNm
Vq =4250kN
P=11627kN
P My
σc = +
A I
σc

11627 9000 ×
=
(
6.0 + 0.2
2
) ×10 −3
+ 
 3 . 64 15 . 3 
σc = 5.07 N / mm 2
No Tension is developed in the sec tion.
Page | 24
Rev
Sheet No 25
ECL Date
Made by S.M.A.K
Checked by T.M.C.R
Allowable stress under seismic load conditions,

σ a = 8.2 × 1.33 = 10.9 N / mm 2
The actual stress is less than the allowable value without
considering the area of the reinforcement.
Vq 425 × 10 3
Average of shear stress = = = 0.12 N / mm 2
A 3.64 ×10 6
This value is far less than t he allowable stress. The nominal
circumferential reinforcement specified earlier is adequate.
As = 0.4 × 1000 × 200 = 800mm 2 / m

100
Hence, T12@200
Provide T12@200
Each
Hoop Reinforcement to 0.25%of A layer
[
As for hoop = 0.25 × 1000 × 200
100
] = 500mm 2
/m
Hence,
Provide T12@200
T12@200
Each
layer
Page | 25
A.9 Foundation Design of Intz Type Water Tank
450m3 Intz Type Water Tank Rev

Sheet No 26
ECL Date
Design Calculations for Circular Raft Made by K.K.G.C
Checked by T.M.C.R
Circular Raft Foundation will be adopted as the Foundation.
Material Properties
f = 25N/mm2
cu
f = 460N/mm2
y
Bearing Capacity
Bearing Capacity is 140 kN/m2 , 1m below the Existing Ground
Level.
Sizing the Footing

The Self Weigh t of the tank and Weight of Water (From SAP
2000 Model) is P = 11613kN
Weight of the Footing (W). (See Figure 1).
 π × 62 π × 2.82 
W = 24 π × 62 × 0.6 + × 0.5625 − × 0.2625
 3 3 
= 2086kN
Assume Radius of the Circular Raft is R.
The distribution of pressure under the circular footing is given
by,
(P + W) 4Mf
psls = ±
π × R2 π × R3
Where Mf is the moment due to wind loadings. On the other
hand the contribution due to Mf is less significant to the psls .
Hence Size of the Footing is determined for the vertical loads

only.
Foundation Design for Intz Type Water Tank Page 26

Sheet No 27
ECL Date
Checked by T.M.C.R
(P + W)
≥ 140
πR2
(P + W)
R2 ≥
140π
(11613 + 2086)
R2 ≥
140π
R2 ≥ 5.58
Hence Select a Radius of 6m. R=6m
Figure 1: Dimensions of the Circular Raft

Sheet No 28
ECL Date
Checked by T.M.C.R
Checks for Shear
Generally the thickness of the footing is governed by the shear
considerations.
Ultimate Shaft Load can be obtained by the SAP Model.
P = 16258 kN
ult
Ultimate Pressure ( n ) can be found as follows.
ult
P 16258
n = ult = = 143.75kN/m2
ult 2 2
πR π×6
Cover to main reinforcement is 50mm and T25 bars to be used.

d = 900 − 50 − 25 = 825mm
Punching Shear at 1.5d from the column face is considered.
The thickness of the shaft is 200mm.
Hence Critical Radius for Punching Shear is
0.200
r = 2.8 + + 1.5 × 0.825 = 4.1375m
2
Hence Critical Perimeter for Punching Shear,
= 2π r = 2 × π × 4.1375 = 26m
Area within the Critical Perimeter,
π r2 = π × 4.13752 = 53.78m2
The depth of the footing at Critical Perimeter (h),
0.3
h = 0.6 + × (6 − 4.1375) = 0.775m
(6 − 2.8)
The effective depth of the footing at Critical Perimeter ( d′ )
d′ = 775 − 50 − 25 = 700mm

Sheet No 29
ECL Date
Checked by T.M.C.R
Load acting on the Critical Perimeter is ,
= 16258 − 143.75 × 53.78 = 8527.125kN
Hence Punching shear at 1.5 d from the shaft face is,
8527.125 × 103
v= = 0.46N/mm2
700 × 26000
BS 8110- 100As
As per Table 3.8 for a = 0.40 , v c = 0.46
1:1997 bvd
Hence during Reinforcement calculation it will be ensured that

100As
≥ 0.40
bvd
The following expressions can be used to determine the

moments in a rigid circular slab subjected to a shaft load of "P"
having a radius "c". "R" is the radius of the circular footing and
"r" is the radius at which the moments are computed.
Mr and Mθ are the radius and circumferential moments
respectively.
For , r < c
  r 2   2 
Mr =
P
3  − 1 + 22ln R  + 1 −  C  
16π   R    C  R  
    
P 
 r 2   2 
Mθ =   − 3 + 22ln R  + 1 −  C  
16π  R    C  R  
   

Sheet No 30
ECL Date
Checked by T.M.C.R
For , r > c
  r 2   2 2 
Mr =
P
3  − 1 + 22ln R  −  C  +  C  
16π   R     r   R   r  
    
 r 2  
P 
2 2 
    R C C 
Mr =   − 3 + 22ln  −   −   + 2
16π  R     r   R   r  

The bending moment variation is graphed with a Microsoft
Excel sheet as shown Figure 2.
Bending Moment Variations (From r=-6 to r=+0.6)

0
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-100
-200
Bending Moment (kNm)
-300
-400
-500
-600
-700
-800
-900
Distance
M,radial M, cir
Figure 2: Bending Moment Variation

Sheet No 31
ECL Date
Checked by T.M.C.R
Design for Radial Moments
The maximum bending moment is at the shaft face is 733 kNm.
Cl.3.4.4.4
M 733 × 106
BS 8110- k= = = 0.043 < 0.156
f bd2 25 × 1000 × 8252
1:1997 cu
Hence compression reinforcement is not required.
 k 
z = d0.5 + 0.25 − 
 0.9 
 0.043 
z = d0.5 + 0.25 −  = 0.95d
 0.9 
M 733 × 10 6
As = = = 2336mm2
0.87fy z 0.87 × 460 × 0.95 × 825
Table 3.25 100A

s = 100 × 2336 = 0.25 > 0.13
BS 8110- bh 1000 × 900
1:1997
Hence minimum steel requirement is o.k.
100As
However for shear requirements = 0.40
bvd
0.40 × 1000 × 700

Hence A s = = 2800mm 2 /m
100
Hence T25 bars at 150mm C/C is required.
T25 @150
A s,provided = 3272mm 2 /m
B1

Sheet No 32
ECL Date
Checked by T.M.C.R
Design for Circumferential Moments (Bottom Steel)
The maximum bending moment is 596 kNm.
d = 600 − 50 − 25 = 525mm
Cl.3.4.4.4
M 596 × 106
BS 8110- k= = = 0.086 < 0.156
f bd2 25 × 1000 × 5252
1:1997 cu
Hence compression reinforcement is not required.
 k 
z = d0.5 + 0.25 − 
 0.9 
 0.086 
z = d0.5 + 0.25 −  = 0.89d
 0.9 
M 596 × 10 6
As = = = 3187mm 2
0.87fy z 0.87 × 460 × 0.89 × 525

T25 @150
A s,provided = 3272mm 2 /m
B1
Table 3.25 Top Reinforcement Requirement

BS 8110-
1:1997
Minimum R/F is provided to top of the slab to control the
cracks.
100A
s = 0.13
bh
0.13 × 1000 × 900
Hence A s = = 1170mm 2 /m
100
T16 @150
A s,provided = 1340 mm 2 /m
T1/T2

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STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF INTZE TYPE WATER TANK- BIA

1.Genaral Details page 01

2.Basic Design Parameters page 01

3.Load evaluation & Structural analysis with SAP 2000 page 07

4.3D Model of the Intz type water tank page 09

5.Applying loads to the model page 12

6.Analysis results page 14

7.Summary of Reinforcement details page 20

8.Structural Element Design page 21

9.Appendix “A” Design calculations page 22

1.0.0 GENERAL DETAILS

2.0.0 BASIC DESIGN PARAMETERS

Characteristic strength of reinforcement steel is (Deform bars Type 2) fy = 460 N/mm 2

Characteristic strength of reinforcement steel is (Mild Steel) fy = 250 N/mm 2

2.3 Design Parameters

Fcu (C35A) (N/mm2) 35

Allowable tensile stress in concrete (C35A) (N/mm2) 5

2.4 Dimensions of tank

2.5 Volume Calculation of the water tank

1.Volume of Cylindical Section

2.Volume of Frustum Cone

3.Volume of Spherical Dome

4.Volume of Central Section

5.Volume of Frustum Cone at 500mm height min imum retention

2.5 STANDARDS REFERRED

Design codes of practices

Manuals and Hand books

• Reynolds's Reinforced Concrete Designer's Handbook.

3.0 LOAD EVALUATIONS AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS WITH SAP 2000.

3.2.2 Water pressure and water weight

3.2.3 Wind Loads

3.2.4 Imposed Load

3.3.0 Load Combinations

• Nominal loads to check stability-Overturning against wind loads.

4.0 3D Model of the Intz type Water Tank

Figure No :4-1- 3D Model of the intz type water tank -01

Figure No :4-2- 3D Model of the intz type water tank -02

Figure No :4-3- 3D Model of the intz type water tank -03

Figure No :4-4- 3D Model of the intz type water tank -04

Figure No :4-5- 3D Model of the intz type water tank -05

Figure No :4-6- 3D Model of the intz type water tank -06

5.0 3D Apply load to the SAP2000 Model

Figure No :5-1- 3D Model of the intz type water tank -01

Figure No :5.2- Water Pressure on water tank- values with arrows

Figure No :5.3- Wind Pressure on water tank

6.0 Analysis Results of the Intz type Water Tank

6.1 Top Dome

Figure No :6-1- Circumferential(hoop) Thrust and Circumferential(hoop) Stress of Top Dome

Figure No :6-2- Circumferential(hoop) Thrust of Top Dome- Serviceability limit state

Max hoop Thrust(SLS) = 32 kN/m

Max Meridional thrust(ULS) = 60 kN/m Max Meridional Stress (ULS) = 0.26N/mm2

Figure No :6-4- Meridional thrust of Top Dome- serviceability limit state

Max - Meridional thrust(SLS)=48kN/m

6.2 Cylindrical Wall

Max Hoop tension (ULS) = 325 kN/m

Max Hoop tension (SLS) = 250 kN/m

for serviceability limit state

6.3 Conical section

Figure No :6-6- Circumferential(hoop) Thrust and Circumferential(hoop) Stress of Conical section

- Ultimate limit state

Max Circumferential(hoop) Thrust(SLS) = 400 kN/m

Figure No :6-7- Circumferential(hoop) Thrust of Conical section -Serviceability limit state