1ST LONG EXAM  measured by average deviation

DRILL 1 ∑|𝑋𝑖 − 𝑋̅|

𝑑̅ =
𝑛
Significant figures and rounding off
numbers Report
Device Calibration
in
Wooden ruler 1 cm 1 DP
Significant Commercial ruler 0.1 cm 2 DP
Grad. Cylinder-10mL 0.1 mL 2 DP
 All non-zero digits Grad. Cylinder-100mL 1 mL 1 DP
 Trailing zeroes
 Captive zeroes
 Zeroes in reported numbers Volume

Non-significant  space occupied by an object

 can be calculated using dimensions
 Leading zeroes  can be calculated using water
 Zeroes in scientific notation displacement
EXERCISE 1 Density
Techniques and Measurements  an intensive property
 mass per unit volume

No measurement can be considered exact due

to
1. Absence of perfectly precise measuring
device
2. Limitations of the measuring process

A. Precision of Measurement
Accuracy
 nearness of the observed to the true
value
 measured by percent error or the
difference between the observed and the
true values
𝑂𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
% 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = ∗ 100
𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒

Precision
 nearness of the observed values to each
other