LESSON 2

Measurements
SECOND SEMESTER
 TOPICS
Prec er s i on &
& i si o nv
y

De
Co
Accurac

ns i ty
an t f i gur
ic e

if

s
Sign
Accuracy & Precision

two fundamental concepts in

measurement that should go hand in
hand
 Accuracy
nearness of the measured value to the true or
accepted value
true value or accepted value - the correct value
for the measurement based on reliable references

experimental value - values obtained in

experimental processes

errors - the difference between the experimental

value and accepted value
 Precision
nearness of the measured values to each other
Significant Figures
numbers that are substantial to the over-all value of a certain
number
RULES
all non-zero digits are
significant

(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

General
rule
 Rule #1
zeroes in between non-zero

are zeroes
digits are significant

significant
or not?
 Rule #2
zeroes to the right of a decimal
point but to the left of a non-
zero digit are insignificant,

are zeroes similarly, zeroes to the left of a

decimal point but to the right
significant of a non-zero digit is also

or not? insignificant
 Rule #3
zeroes after a decimal point but
to the right of a non-zero digit

are zeroes are always significant

significant
or not?
 Practice
1. 0.002 = 1 sf/rule #2
2. 91630 = 4 sf/rule #2
3. 0.000400 = 3 sf/rule #3
4. 6.0 = 2 sf/rule #3
5. 352 = 3 sf/general rule
6. 3670000 = 3 sf/rule #2
7. 0.0000620 = 3 sf/rule #3
8. 96 = 2 sf/general rule
9. 678.02400 = 8 sf/rule #3
10. 30000 = 1 sf/rule #2
Scientific Notation
used to write very large or very small figures
 Scientific Notation
as a general rule, coefficient should only
contain one figure to the left of the decimal
point
 Practice
1. 0.000125 = 1.25x10⁻⁴
2. 2000000000 = 2x10⁹
3. 79600000 = 7.96x10⁷
4. 0.00000765 = 7.65x10⁻⁶
5. 28100 = 2.81x10⁴
6. 1.23x10⁵ = 123000
7. 5x10⁻⁷ = 0.0000005
8. 3.67x10⁹ = 3670000000
9. 4.58x10⁻¹¹ = 0.000000000458
10. 2.16x10⁶ = 1260000
Conversion of
Units
measurement consists of two parts:

number & unit

 System of
Measurements

metric system and english system

use only one unit for each
property
uses prefixes as indicators of
large or small quantities
prefixes are multipliers of the
base 10

length = meter
mass/weight = gram
volume = liter

Metric
System
 uses more than one unit for a
single property of matter
being measured

length = inch, foot, yard, mile

mass/weight - pound, ounce,
grain
volume - gallon, pint, fluid ounce

English
System
Prefixes for Metric System
Conversion of Units
 Practice
1. convert 5 grams to kilograms

2. convert 1 meter to millimeter

3. convert 2 kilometers to inches

 Practice
4. convert 21120 feet to miles

5. convert 5 yards to centimeters

 Density
amount of mass present in each volume

formula: d=m/v units for density:

where: d = density g/cm³
m = mass g/mL
v = volume kg/L
 Practice
1. A gas fills a volume of 1200 mL and has a mass
of 1.60 g. What is the density of the gas?
 Practice
2. The density of a silver (Ag) is 10.5 g/cm³. Find
the mass of silver that occupies 965 cm³ of space.
 Practice
3. Find the volume of 32.5 g f carbon tetrachloride
(CCl₄) will occupy if it has a density of 1.60 g/mL.
 Lesson 2 | Measurements

Thank you for listening!

SECOND SEMESTER