Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM

Learning Guide Module

Subject Code Mathematics 1

Module Code 2.0 (Real Number Systems 4)
Lesson Code 2.11.2 (Applications of Real Numbers to Real Life; Problem Solving Involving Real
Numbers: Perimeter, Area, and Volume)
Time Limit 30 minutes
TARGET

By the end of this module, the student is expected to:

1. solve problems involving measurements such as perimeter and area.

5 mins HOOK

Perimeter
The perimeter is the absolute shortest distance around a shape. The distance is a one-
dimensional length with a unit of measure such as centimeters 𝑐𝑚, inches 𝑖𝑛, miles
(𝑚𝑖), etc. To find the perimeter, add the lengths of all the sides. The perimeter of a
circle is called the circumference. The circumference is calculated using the formula
𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑟.

Area
The area is the number of square units that cover the surface of a shape. The area is a
two-dimensional length with a unit of measure such as square centimeters 𝑐𝑚! , square
feet 𝑓𝑡 ! , etc. The most commonly used area calculations are for rectangles, squares,
triangles, and circles.

Volume
The volume of a solid figure is the number of unit cubes required to fill it. Volume is
measured in cubic units such as cubic inches 𝑖𝑛" , cubic feet 𝑓𝑡 " , etc.

In computing for perimeter, area, and volume use the same units for all
measurements.

Shape Perimeter Area

𝑠
𝑃 = 4𝑠 𝐴 = 𝑠!

𝑤
𝑃 = 2𝑙 + 2𝑤 𝐴 = 𝑙𝑤
𝑙

𝑎 𝑐 1
𝑃 =𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 𝐴 = 𝑎𝑏
2
𝑏

Mathematics 1 page 1 of 5
 𝑃 = 2𝜋𝑟 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 !
𝑟

Solid figures Surface Area Volume

𝑠
𝑆𝐴 = 6𝑠 ! 𝑉 = 𝑠"

𝑆𝐴 = 2(𝑙𝑤 + 𝑤ℎ + 𝑙ℎ) 𝑉 = 𝑙𝑤ℎ

𝑤 ℎ
𝑙
1
𝑉 = 𝐵ℎ
ℎ 3
1 1 !
ℓ 𝑆𝐴 = 4 ? 𝑠ℓA + 𝑠 ! 𝑉= 𝑠 ℎ
2 3
𝑠 𝐵 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒

𝑟 4𝜋𝑟 "
𝑆𝐴 = 4𝜋𝑟 ! 𝑉=
3

ℎ 𝑆𝐴 = 2(𝜋𝑟 ! ) + 2𝜋𝑟ℎ 𝑉 = (𝜋𝑟 ! )ℎ

Previously, we were able to identify some formula in getting the perimeter, area, and
volume of some shapes in geometry. Now let us solve problems involving real
numbers.

10 mins IGNITE
1. A square has a side equal to the circumference of a circle whose radius is 2
units. Find the area of the square. (𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝜋 = 3.14)

Circumference of a circle:
𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑟 2
𝐶 = 2(3.14)(2)
𝐶 = 12.56 units

The perimeter of a square:

𝑃 = 4𝑠 𝐶
𝑃 = 4(12.56)
𝑃 = 50.24 units.

Mathematics 1 page 2 of 5
2. You are planning to make a cylindrical container for the candy balls you are
selling. The available material is a square cardboard of side 19𝑖𝑛.
a. Which of the two containers will have a bigger volume?
b. Which of the two containers will have more waste material?
c. How many candy balls with a radius of 1𝑖𝑛 can be placed in each
container?

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟 1 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟 2
𝑟 = 3𝑖𝑛 𝑟 = 2𝑖𝑛

ℎ = 13𝑖𝑛
ℎ = 20𝑖𝑛

Volume Volume
𝑉 = (𝜋𝑟 ! )ℎ 𝑉 = (𝜋𝑟 ! )ℎ
𝑉 = 3.14(3! )(13) 𝑉 = 3.14(2! )(20)
𝑽 = 𝟑𝟔𝟕. 𝟑𝟖 𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝑽 = 𝟐𝟓𝟏. 𝟐𝟎 𝒊𝒏𝟑

Surface Area Surface Area

𝑆𝐴 = 2[𝜋𝑟 ! ] + (2𝜋𝑟)ℎ
𝑆𝐴 = 2[(3.14)(3! )]
+ 2(3.14)(3)(13)
𝑆𝐴 = 56.52 + 244.92
𝑺𝑨 = 𝟑𝟎𝟏. 𝟒𝟒 𝒊𝒏𝟐
𝑆𝐴 = 2[𝜋𝑟 ! ] + (2𝜋𝑟)ℎ
𝑆𝐴 = 2[(3.14)(2! )]
+2(3.14)(2)(20)
𝑆𝐴 = 25.12 + 251.20
𝑺𝑨 = 𝟐𝟕𝟔. 𝟑𝟐 𝒊𝒏𝟐

The volume of the candy Container 1 Container 2

ball
4 No of candy balls in No of candy balls in
𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 "
3 container 1 container 1
4 367.38 251.20
𝑉 = (3.14)(1" ) = =
3 4.19 4.19
𝑉 = 4.19 𝑖𝑛" ≈ 87 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠 ≈ 59 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠

a. Container 1 has a bigger volume.

b. Container 2 has more waste material
c. Container 1 can have 87 candy balls, while container 2 can have 59
candy balls.

Mathematics 1 page 3 of 5
 3. Two identical trapezoids are to be cut from a square. What is the ratio of the
2 trapezoids to the square? What percentage of the square was not used?

Area of the square:

𝐴 = 𝑠!
𝐴 = 13!
13
𝐴 = 169 8

Area of the trapezoid:

ℎ(𝑏% + 𝑏! )
𝐴=
2
6.5(8 + 13) The ratio of the area of the 2 trapezoids
𝐴= to the area of the square:
2

6.5(21) 136.5: 169 𝑜𝑟 21: 26

𝐴=
2
136.5 Percentage of the area of the square that
𝐴= is not used:
2 169 − 136.5
𝐴 = 68.25 =
169
Area of the two trapezoids: 32.5
=
𝐴 = 2(68𝐴. 25) 169
𝐴 = 136.5 ≈ 0.1923
≈ 19.23%

15 mins NAVIGATE

Check your understanding.

1. What is the length of one side of the square whose area is 81𝑐𝑚! ?
% !
2. What is the area of the sheet of paper that is 3 & 𝑖𝑛 wide and 7 " 𝑖𝑛 long?
3. What is the length of a rectangle if its width is 6.25 𝑖𝑛 and has a perimeter of
26.5 𝑖𝑛?
4. An inflatable pool with a diameter of 5 ft is being filled with water. If the
water level should be 2.5 ft deep, what is the volume of the water needed to
fill the pool? Approximate 𝜋 = 3.14.
5. If the diameter of a sphere is doubled, what happens to its surface area?
6. If the radius of a circle is doubled, what will be the ratio of the area of the
circle to the area of the new circle?
7. In the figure below, what is the area of the shaded region?

𝑙 = 20𝑐𝑚

𝑤 = 10𝑐𝑚

Mathematics 1 page 4 of 5
 8. Four triangles are to be cut from the four corners of a square. If the side of
the square is 12 inches and the legs of the triangles is 4 inches each, what is
the area of the figure formed?
4 4
|| ||
4= =4

4= =4
|| ||
4 4

References:
Dugopolski, M. (2006). Elementary and Intermediate Algebra (2nd ed.). The McGraw-Hill Companies,
Inc.

Larson, A., Boswell, L., Kanold, T., & Stiff, L. (2005). McDougal Littell Pre-Algebra. McDougal
Littell.

Albarico, J.M. (2013). THINK Framework. Based on Ramos, E.G. and N. Apolinario. (n.d.) Science
LINKS. Quezon City: Rex Bookstore Inc.

Prepared by: Glaiza T. Manaloto Reviewed by: Myrna B. Libutaque

Position: Special Science Teacher V Position: Special Science Teacher V
Campus: PSHS-CLC Campus: PSHS-WVC

Solution/answer key for odd-numbered items.

1. 9cm

3. What is the length of a rectangle if its width is 6.25 𝑖𝑛 and has a perimeter of 26.5 𝑖𝑛?
𝑃 = 2𝑙 + 2𝑤
26.5 = 2𝑙 + 2(6.25)
26.5 = 2𝑙 + 12.5
𝑙=7
Therefore, length of a rectangle 𝑙 = 7 𝑖𝑛 since 26.5 = 2(7) + 12.5.

5. 𝑆𝐴 = 4𝜋𝑟 !
If the diameter is 2 then the radius is 1, and the surface area is
𝑆𝐴 = 4(3.14)(1! )
𝑆𝐴 = 12.56
If the diameter is doubled, it becomes 4 then the radius is 2, and the surface area is
𝑆𝐴 = 4(3.14)(2! )
𝑆𝐴 = 12.56(4)
𝑆𝐴 = 50.24
Since 50.24 = 4(12.56), then the surface area is 4 times its original surface area.

7. The area of the rectangle is 𝐴 = 20 × 10 is 200 𝑐𝑚! .

Since the diameter of the circle is 10, the area of the circle is 𝐴 = 𝜋(5! ) is 78.5 𝑐𝑚! .
Therefore, the area of the shaded region is the area of the rectangle minus the area of the circle
that is 200 − 78.5 or 121.5 𝑐𝑚! .

Mathematics 1 page 5 of 5