Name:

Gr 10 Date: Time: 𝟐𝟐 𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯

CAPS Reference
Euclidean Geometry
Topic Background

1. GOT IT! [40 MIN]

Below you will find the basic background knowledge you will need for Gr 10 Euclidean
Geometry.

Sketch Reason

𝒙𝒙 + 𝒚𝒚 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏°
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦
⦞ on a straight line

𝑥𝑥1 𝒙𝒙𝟏𝟏 + 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝒚𝒚𝟏𝟏 + 𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑°

𝑦𝑦2 𝑦𝑦1 ⦞ around a point (revolution)

𝑥𝑥2 𝒙𝒙𝟏𝟏 = 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 and 𝒚𝒚𝟏𝟏 = 𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐

Vertical opposite ⦞

Sides are perpendicular

Complementary ⦞′𝒔𝒔

⦞ = 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗°
 Parallel lines

Sketch Reason

𝐴𝐴 1 𝐵𝐵
3 � = 𝟐𝟐
𝟏𝟏 �

𝐶𝐶 2 � = 𝟒𝟒
𝟑𝟑 �
𝐷𝐷
4
corresponding ⦞; 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨// 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪

𝐴𝐴
𝐵𝐵
1 3 � = 𝟒𝟒
𝟏𝟏 �

𝐶𝐶 2 4 � = 𝟐𝟐
𝟑𝟑 �
𝐷𝐷
alternating ⦞; 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨// 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪

𝐴𝐴
𝐵𝐵
1 3 � + 𝟐𝟐
𝟏𝟏 � = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏°

𝐶𝐶 2 4 � + 𝟒𝟒
𝟑𝟑 � = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏°
𝐷𝐷
co-interior ⦞; 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨// 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪
 Triangle

Sketch Reason

𝐴𝐴

� + 𝑩𝑩
𝑨𝑨 � = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏°
� + 𝑪𝑪

interior ⦞ of a triangle
𝐵𝐵 𝐶𝐶

𝐴𝐴

� + 𝑩𝑩
𝑨𝑨 �𝟏𝟏
� = 𝑪𝑪

𝐵𝐵 1 exterior ⦞ of a triangle
𝐶𝐶

𝐴𝐴
� = 𝑩𝑩
𝑨𝑨 � and 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 = 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨

Isosceles triangle
𝐵𝐵 𝐶𝐶

𝐴𝐴
� = 𝑩𝑩
𝑨𝑨 � and 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 = 𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩 = 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨
� = 𝑪𝑪

Equilateral triangle

𝐵𝐵 𝐶𝐶

𝐴𝐴
Pythagoras

𝒄𝒄𝟐𝟐 = 𝒂𝒂𝟐𝟐 + 𝒃𝒃𝟐𝟐

Calculating the sides of a right-angle

𝐵𝐵 𝐶𝐶 triangle
 Triangle Congruency

Sketch & Reason

1. 3 Sides
𝐴𝐴 𝐷𝐷

𝐶𝐶 𝐸𝐸 𝐹𝐹
𝐵𝐵

∆𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 ≡ ∆𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 (𝑺𝑺, 𝑺𝑺, 𝑺𝑺)

2. 2 sides and an angle
𝐴𝐴 𝐷𝐷

𝐵𝐵 𝐶𝐶 𝐸𝐸 𝐹𝐹

∆𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 ≡ ∆𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 (𝑺𝑺, <, 𝑺𝑺)

3. 2 angles and a side
𝐴𝐴 𝐷𝐷

𝐹𝐹
𝐵𝐵 𝐶𝐶 𝐸𝐸

∆𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 ≡ ∆𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 (<, <, 𝑺𝑺)

4. Right angle, Hypotenuse, side.

𝐴𝐴 𝐷𝐷

𝐵𝐵 𝐶𝐶 𝐸𝐸 𝐹𝐹

∆𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 ≡ ∆𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 (𝑹𝑹, 𝑯𝑯, 𝑺𝑺)

 Name:

Gr 10 Date: Time: 𝟐𝟐 𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯

CAPS Reference
Euclidean Geometry
Topic Background

Examples: Find the values of the unknowns in the following. (Give reasons for each statement):

1.
𝐸𝐸 𝐺𝐺
52°
50°
𝐷𝐷
𝑦𝑦
𝑥𝑥

10° 𝐻𝐻
15°
𝐹𝐹

Statement Reason

𝐺𝐺� = 180° − (50° + 52°) − (10° + 15°) (Interior ⦟′𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 ∆𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸)
𝐺𝐺� = 56°

𝑥𝑥 = 180° − 52° − 56° (Interior ⦟′𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 ∆𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸)

𝑥𝑥 = 72°

𝑦𝑦 = 180° − 50° − 10° (Interior ⦟′𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 ∆𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸)

𝑦𝑦 = 120°

2.
𝐴𝐴 𝑥𝑥
K E 𝐵𝐵
3𝑦𝑦 𝑧𝑧

𝐶𝐶 240°

G
𝐷𝐷

Statement Reason

𝑥𝑥 = 40° corresponding ⦟′𝑠𝑠 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴//𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶

𝑥𝑥 = 𝑦𝑦 = 40° vertical opposite ⦟′𝑠𝑠

𝐺𝐺� = 𝐸𝐸� = 70° Isosceles ∆𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾

𝑧𝑧 = 110° ⦟′𝑠𝑠 on a straight line
 Example: Prove that ∆𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 ≡ ∆𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺

𝐹𝐹 𝐺𝐺

𝐷𝐷 30° 𝐾𝐾

75° 75°
𝐻𝐻
𝐸𝐸

Statement Reason

� = 75°
𝐾𝐾 Isosceles ∆𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 (𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 = 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺)

∴ 𝐺𝐺� = 30° Int ⦟’s of ∆𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺

In ∆𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 and ∆𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺

1) 𝐷𝐷� = 𝐺𝐺� = 30° Proven
2) 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 Given
3) 𝐸𝐸� = 𝐻𝐻
� = 75° Given

∴ ∆𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 ≡ ∆𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 𝐴𝐴, 𝐴𝐴, 𝑆𝑆

2. GO AHEAD [30 MIN]

Find the values of the unknowns in the following. (Give reasons for each statement):

2.1
𝐷𝐷 𝐸𝐸
𝑥𝑥 − 30° 2𝑧𝑧
𝑘𝑘

𝑦𝑦 40° 70° 𝐺𝐺
𝐹𝐹
2.2

𝐴𝐴

𝐵𝐵

𝐶𝐶

A 𝐷𝐷

2.3
𝐸𝐸

𝑥𝑥

𝐵𝐵
40°
y 𝐶𝐶

60°
z 𝐺𝐺
𝐹𝐹

3. CHECK YOUR WORK! [10 MIN]

4. GO AHEAD [30 MIN]
4.1 Prove the following:

𝐴𝐴 𝐹𝐹 𝐷𝐷
𝐸𝐸
54°

36°

𝐵𝐵
𝐶𝐶

4.1.1 ∆𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 ≡ ∆𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷

4.1.2 ∆𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 ≡ ∆𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸

� = 30°; 𝐸𝐸� = 𝑥𝑥,

4.2 Given: ∆𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 and ∆𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶. 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷; 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 and 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴//𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶. 𝐷𝐷

𝐷𝐷𝐶𝐶̂ 𝐸𝐸 = 2𝑥𝑥 and 𝐴𝐴𝐶𝐶̂ 𝐷𝐷 = 𝑥𝑥

4.2.1 Determine the value of 𝑥𝑥

4.2.2 Prove that ∆𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 ≡ ∆𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸

𝐴𝐴 𝐷𝐷

30°

𝑥𝑥
2𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥
𝐸𝐸
𝐵𝐵
𝐶𝐶
5. CHECK YOUR WORK! [10 MIN]

6. HELPFUL VIDEO
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FEO4FYdXpIA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2M9OElBSjWg&list=PLCF3EF8DD295C5FF6&index=6

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3hJmqGQhHc&list=PLCF3EF8DD295C5FF6&index=4