Design Calculation for T-109 tank

TOTAL MIDDLE EAST

NEW BITUMEN TERMINAL IN TLBU

MECHANICAL DESIGN CALCULATION FOR SOFT STOCK STORAGE

TANK

(T-109)

Client : Total Middle East

Contractor : Western Tanks & Pipes Company Ltd.

0 Issued for Comments 30/04/09 RS SVR PS

Rev. No. Description Date Prepared Checked Appoved

Page 1 of 25
Design Calculation for T-109 tank

INDEX
S.NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

1 COVER 1 OF 25

2 INDEX 2 OF 25

3 DESIGN DATA 3 OF 25

4 YIELD & TENSILE STRENGTH OF MATERIAL 4 OF 25

5 SHELL THICKNESS 4 OF 25

6 BOTTOM PLATE THICKNESS 5 OF 25

7 ROOF PLATE 5 OF 25

8 ANNULAR BOTTOM PLATE -MINIMUM RADIAL WIDTH 6 OF 25

9 STABILITY CHECK AGAINST WIND VELOCITY 7 OF 25

10 CHECH OVERTURNING AGAINST WIDN LOAD 10 OF 25

11 SEISMIC ANALYSIS 12 OF 25

12 OVERTURNING MOMENT 14 OF 25

13 SHELL COMPRESSION 15 OF 25

14 TOTAL BASE SHEAR CALCULATION 15 OF 25

15 DYNAMIC HOOP STRESS DESIGN 16 OF 25

16 CHECK FOR FRANGIBLE JOINT 17 OF 25

17 COMPRESSION AREA CHECK FOR INTERNAL PRESSURE 18 OF 25

18 DESIGN OF ANCHOR BOLTS & ANCHOR CHAIRS 20 OF 25

19 VENT SIZE CALCULATION 23 OF 25

20 LOADING DATA 25 OF 25

Page 2 of 25
Design Calculation for T-109 tank

DESIGN DATA :
Inside Diameter of tank = 18 m

Height of tank = 18.8 m

Number of tanks = One

Product = Soft Stock Tank

Design code = API 650, 11th Edition + Add. 1, 2008 & API 2000

Appendices = E,M,P & V

Shell design = One Foot Method

Type of tank = Rafter Supported Cone Roof Tank

Maximum Liquid Level = 18.3 m

Design liquid height = 18.8 m

Specific Gravity = 1.1 (1.1 to 0.9)

Design Specific Gravity = 1.1

CA - Shell = 0 mm

CA - Bottom = 0 mm

CA - Roof = 0 mm
2
Design Pressure (Positive) = 2.45 KPa ( 25 G/cm )
Design Pressure (Vacuum) = 0.5 KPa ( 5 G/cm 2)
Storage Pressure (Positive) = Atm. KPa
Storage Pressure (Vacuum) = Nil KPa

Live load on roof = 1 KPa

Operating temperature (Max.) = 140 °C

Operating temperature (Min.) = 100 °C

Design Metal Temp. (Max.) = 140 °C

Design Metal Temp. (Min.) = 0 °C

Max. Filling Rate = 500 m 3/hr

Max. Empting Rate = 120 m 3/hr
Seismic design code = Appendix-E, API 650

Seismic Zone Factor Z = 0.075

Seismic Zone = Zone 1 (UBC)

Importance factor I = 1

Basic wind velocity = 45 m/sec

Flash Point = > 200 oC

Page 3 of 25
Design Calculation for T-109 tank

YIELD & TENSILE STRENGTH OF MATERIAL

Material Yield (MPa) Tensile (MPa) Sd (MPa) St (MPa)

Shell -1 SA 36 250 400 147.5 171
Shell -2 SA 36 250 400 147.5 171
Shell -3 SA 36 250 400 147.5 171
Shell -4 SA 36 250 400 147.5 171
Shell -5 SA 36 250 400 147.5 171
Shell -6 SA 36 250 400 147.5 171
Shell -7 SA 36 250 400 147.5 171
Shell -8 SA 36 250 400 147.5 171
Shell -9 SA 36 250 400 147.5 171
Bottom SA 36 250 400 147.5 171
Roof SA 36 250 400 147.5 171

Temperature factor at max. design temperature as per Table M-1 = 0.885

SHELL DESIGN :
As per clause 5.6.3.2,
The minimum thickness of shell plates shall be
td = [(4.9 * D * (H-0.3) * G)/ Sd ] + C.A.
tt = (4.9 * D * (H-0.3) )/ St
Where,
td = design shell thickness, in mm
tt = hydrostatic test shell thickness, in mm
D = Nominal tank diameter, in m = 18.014 m (Inside Tank Dia. + First Shell Course Thk.)
H = design liquid level, in m
= height from the bottom of course under consideration to the top of the shell including the top angle.
G = Design specific gravity of the liquid to be stored, as specified by the purchaser
C.A. = Corrosion Allowance, in mm
Sd = Allowable stress for the design condition, in MPa
St = Allowable stress for the hydrostatic test condition, in MPa

Wt.- Wt.-
t reqd. t prov.
Course Material H (mm) W (m) td (mm) tt (mm) New Cor.
(mm) (mm)
(MT) (MT)
Shell -1 SA 36 18.80 2.50 12.18 10.50 12.18 14.00 15.55 15.55
Shell -2 SA 36 16.30 2.50 10.53 9.08 10.53 12.00 13.33 13.33
Shell -3 SA 36 13.80 2.00 8.89 7.67 8.89 10.00 8.88 8.88
Shell -4 SA 36 11.80 2.00 7.57 6.53 7.57 10.00 8.88 8.88
Shell -5 SA 36 9.80 2.00 6.25 5.39 6.25 8.00 7.11 7.11
Shell -6 SA 36 7.80 2.00 4.94 4.26 4.94 6.00 5.33 5.33
Shell -7 SA 36 5.80 2.00 3.62 3.12 3.62 6.00 5.33 5.33
Shell -8 SA 36 3.80 2.00 2.30 1.99 2.30 6.00 5.33 5.33
Shell -9 SA 36 3.80 1.80 2.30 1.99 2.30 6.00 4.80 4.80
Total 18.80 74.53 74.53

Top shell course thickness = 6.00 mm

Page 4 of 25
Design Calculation for T-109 tank

BOTTOM PLATE THICKNESS :

Bottom Sketch Plate Thickness :

As per Clause 5.4.1,
Minimum thickness required excluding C.A. = 6 mm
Corrosion allowance (C.A.) = 0 mm
Minimum thickness required including C.A. = 6 mm
Thickness provided = 10 mm

Annular plate thickness :

As per API 650 Cl.5.5.3 & Table 5-1

Effictive Product height of = HxG ≤ 23
= 20.68 ≤ 23
Hence Table 5-1 is applicable
Maximum Stress in the 1st shell course (Product) = (td/t) * Sd
td = required thickness of first shell course = 12.18 mm
t = Provided thickness less corrosion allowance = 14.00 mm
Sd = Allowable stress = 147.5 Mpa
Product Stress = 128.30 Mpa
Hydrostatic Test Stress = (tt/t) * St
tt = required thickness of first shell course = 10.50 mm
t = Provided thickness ( constructed) = 14.00 mm
St = Allowable stress = 171.00 Mpa
Hydrostatic Test Stress = 128.30 Mpa
Maximum Stress in the first shell course = 128.30 Mpa
( Max. Product / Hydrostatic stress)
Thickness for Product Design = 14 Vs 128.30
Plate thickness of first shell course to use Table 5-1 = 6 mm
Add Corrosion allowance = 0.00 mm
Thickness for Product Design = 6 mm
Thickness for Hydrostatic Design = 14 Vs 128.30
Plate thickness of first shell course to use Table 5-1 = 6 mm
Thickness for Hydrostatic Design = 6 mm
Thickness of Annular Plate = 6 mm
Provided Annular Plate thickness = 12 mm

ROOF DESIGN :
As per clause 5.10.2.2,
Minimum nominal thickness required excluding C.A. = 5.00 mm
Corrosion Allowance (C.A.) = 0.00 mm
Minimum thickness including C.A. = 5.00 mm
Thickness provided = 6.00 mm

Page 5 of 25
Design Calculation for T-109 tank

ANNULAR BOTTOM PLATE -MINIMUM RADIAL WIDTH :

As per Cl.5.5.2, the minimum radial width of the annular plate at any point around the circumference
of the 'tank shall be either Aw1 or Aw2, whichever is greater.

Aw1 =Wr + t bot + = 739 mm

Where,
t bot =Thickness of the bottom shell course = 14 mm
A proj =Projection of annular plate outside the shell = 60 mm
A lap =Annular-sketch lap = 65 mm
Wr =Minimum radial width between the inside of the shell = 600 mm
and any lap welded joint in the remainder of the bottom

Aw2 = 215 tb = 567 mm

(HG)^0.5
Where,
tb = Thickness of the annular plate = 12 mm
H = Design Liquid level = 19 m
G = Design specific gravity of product = 1.1

As per clause E.6.2.1.1.2, the annular plate under the shell is thicker than remainder bottom plate ,
the width of the annular plate(L) , in m, measured radially inward from the shell shall be greater than or
equal to 0.01723 ta x sqrt ( Fy/HGe):
L = 0.01723 ta x sqrt ( Fy/HGe) = 676
Min. radial width at any point around the circumference = 815.29
Thicknness of annular is less than or equal to = Not Applicable
remainder of the bottom, Hence
ta = Thickness of tank bottom under the shell extending at the = 12.00 mm
distance, L from the inside of the shell( less corrosion allowance)
Fy = Minimum specified yield strength of bottom annulas = 221.25 Mpa
Min. radial width of Annular Plate at any point around the circum. = 739 mm
Provided radial width of Annular Plate at any point around the circum. = 800 mm

Page 6 of 25
Design Calculation for T-109 tank

SHELL STABILITY CHECK AGAINST DESIGN WIND VELOCITY :

Design wind velocity V = 45.00 m/s = 162.00 Km/hr.

Calculate as per Appendix -V

Design External Pressure( Vacuum) Pe = 0.500 Kpa

Total Design External Pressure for design of shell = Greater of Pe or W+0.4Pe

Ps = 1.26 Kpa
Where
W = Maximum wind pressure consistent with the specified design wind velocity
W= 0.0000333 ( V)² (Kg) (Kh)
V = Design Wind Velocity = 162.00 Km/Hr.
Kg = Wind Gust factor = 1.1
Kh = Wind Height factor = 1.1
W = 1.06 Kpa

The transformed height of the shell

Wtr = W x sqrt(t uniform/ t actual)^5

Where,
Wtr = transposed width of each shell course, in mm
W =actual width of each shell course, in mm
t uniform = ordered thickness of the top shell course
t actual = ordered thickness of the shell course for which the transposed width is being calculated

Course Wtr (mm) Wactual(mm) t(Corroded mm)

9 876.85 1800 6.00

8 974.28 2000 6.00
7 974.28 2000 6.00
6 974.28 2000 6.00
5 474.61 2000 8.00
4 271.68 2000 10.00
3 271.68 2000 10.00
2 215.29 2500 12.00
1 146.44 2500 14.00
Total 18800 Minimum 6.00

Height of transposed shell = 5.18 M = HTS

Check that buckling will occur elastically in the unstiffened cylindrical shell:
= ( D/ts min) 0.75 [(HTS/D)(Fy/E)0.5 ] > 0.00675

Page 7 of 25
Design Calculation for T-109 tank

Where
D = Nominal tank Diameter = 18.014 m
ts min = Minimum thickness of thinnest shell course, mm(cord.) = 6.00 mm
HTS - Height of the tranposed Shell = 5.179 m
H - Height of the tranposed Shell = 18.80 m
Fy - Yield strength of components = 147.5 Mpa
E-Modulus of elasticity of roof plate material = 191714 Mpa
0.018190 > 0.000675
Hence Buckling will be elastic
Design External Pressure for an unstiffened tank shell shall not exceed the following
2.5
Ps < E / 45609(HTS/D)(D/tsmin)
Ps < 0.9360 > 1.25745

Hence Ok, shell will be stiffened

Calculate the number of buckling waves :

N² = SQRT ( 445 D³ /ts min x HTS²) < 100
N² = 127.128 < 100
N = 11.2751 Say 10 (Max)

End Stiffners
Calculate the required properties of the top stiffner
Radial Load imposed to the shell
Vi = 250Ps H
Vi = 5910.0 N/m
Required Moment inertia of the top stiffner to be calculated as follows :
Ireqd = 37.5 x Vi*D³/E(N²-1)
4
Ireqd = 53.58 cm

Required area of the top stiffner region

Areqd = ViD/2f
Areqd = 109.76 mm²
f - Allowable tensile stress 485 Mpa
t cone = 6.00 mm
X shell = Length of shell with in tension/compression region
= 13.4 * sqrt (D*ts1)
= 139.31 mm
X roof = Length of cone roof with in tension/compression region
= 13.4 x sqrt ( D* tcone/sin¢)
= 344 mm
sin¢ = 0.1644

Provided Section
X shell = 835.866 mm²
X roof = 2061.52 mm²
Area Avilable = 2897.38 mm² > 109.76 mm²
Hence additional stiffener is not required

Page 8 of 25
Design Calculation for T-109 tank

Calculate the required properties of the bottom stiffner

Wshell = 13.4 * SQRT( D x tsn)

= 212.80 mm
Radial Load imposed to the shell
Vi = 250Ps H
Vi = 5910.0 N/m
Required Moment inertia of the top stiffner to be calculated as follows :

Ireqd = 37.5 x Vi*D³/E(N²-1)

4
Ireqd = 53.578 cm
Required area of the bottom stiffner region
Areqd = ViD/2f
Areqd = 109.76 mm²
X shell = 14.7 * sqrt (D*tsn)
= 233.45 mm
tb = Thickness of bottom plate under the shell
= 12 mm
X bottom = Length of bottom with in tension/compression region
= 384 mm

233.45

60 384

Section Length (bWidth W Area (A) Distance (D) M=AD Iyy Ig

cm. cm. sq.cm. cm. cu.cm. cm.^4 cm.^4
1 1.20 6 7.20 3.00 21.60 64.80 21.60
2 24.54 1.4 34.36 6.70 230.23 1542.5 5.61
3 1.2 38.4 46.08 26.60 1225.73 32604 5662.31

SUM ( 1+2+3 ) 45.80 87.64 1477.56 34212 5689.52

Dx = sum(M) / sum(A) = 16.86 cm.

D1 = sum(W) - Dx = 28.94 cm.
I = Iyy + Ig - (sum(M)^2)/A = 14991.2 cu.cm
The corner joint comprised of a portion of the shell and the bottom plate has a calculated moment
of inertia of 14991.2 cu.cm and will satisfy the inertia requirement. Hence additional stiffner
is not required

Page 9 of 25
Design Calculation for T-109 tank

CHECK FOR OVERTURNING AGAINST WIND LOAD :

As per clause 5.11.2
The wind load or pr. acting on projected areas of cylindrical surface = 0.86 Kpa
The wind load or pr. acting on projected area of conical curved surface = 1.44 Kpa
for a wind velocity of 190 Km/hr
The modified wind pressure can be calculated by multiplying (V/190) ^2 to the wind pressure
Wind pressure on the projected area of the cylindrical surface = P1 = 0.625 kPa
Wind pressure on projected area of the conical curved surface = P2 = 1.047 kPa
Wind force on the cylindrical surface F1 = D * H * P1 * 1000 N
F1 = 211733.4 N
2
Wind force on the conical surface F2 = π * R * P2 * 1000 N
F2 = 266806.0 N
Where,
D = tank diameter, in m = 18.014 m
R = tank radius, in m = 9.007 m
H = tank height, in m = 18.80 m
h = perpendicular height of roof, in m = 1.50 m
Roof Slope = 1.00 : 6.00
Unanchored tanks shall satisfy both of the following uplift criteria:

1. 0.6Mw + MPi < MDL /1.5

8260192 > 5508765

2. Mw + 0.4MPi < (MDL + MF)/2

6643072 < 10206742
where,
MPi = moment about the shell-to-bottom joint from design internal pressure,
where, Design Pressure Pi = 2.45 Kpa
2
Uplift force due to internal pressure = Pi*π*D /4*R = 5624143 N-m
Mw = overturning moment about the shell-to-bottom joint from horizontal plus vertical wind pressure,
= F1 * (H/2) + F2 * (D/2)
= 4393415 N-m

MDL = moment about the shell-to-bottom joint from the weight of the shell and roof supported by the shell,
= W*D/2 = 8,263,147 N-m
Where, W = 917414 N
MF = moment about the shell-to-bottom joint from liquid weight. The liquid weight (wL) is the weight
of a band of liquid at the shell using a specific gravity of 0.7 and a height of one-half the design
liquid height H. wL shall be the lesser of 1.4HD or the following:
= Wa*D/2 = 12150337 N-m
where,
Wa = WL x π* D N
= 1348988.209 N
where,
WL = 59tb sqrt (Fby x H)
= 38052 N/m
WL = 140.77*H/2*D = 23836.81 N/m

Page 10 of 25
Design Calculation for T-109 tank

where,
Fby = minimum specified yield stress of the bottom plate under the shell Mpa
H = design liquid height, m
D = tank diameter, m
tb = required thickness (not including corrosion allowance) of the bottom plate under the shell in mm
that is used to resist wind overturning

Weight Details

UN CORRODED CORRODED
MT N MT N
Shell -1 15.55 152481.94 15.55 152482
Shell -2 13.33 130684.29 13.33 130684
Shell -3 8.88 87113.19 8.88 87113.2
Shell -4 8.88 87113.19 8.88 87113.2
Shell -5 7.11 69682.81 7.11 69682.8
Shell -6 5.33 52256.30 5.33 52256.3
Shell -7 5.33 52256.30 5.33 52256.3
Shell -8 5.33 52256.30 5.33 52256.3
Shell -9 4.80 47030.67 4.80 47030.7
Total Shell Weight 74.5 730875.01 74.5 730875
Roof weight 12.60 123606.43 12.60 123606
Roof Roof Structure 6.00 58839.90 6.00 58840
Top Curb Angle = 0.42 4092.60 0.42 4092.60
Ladders & Handrails 1.50 14709.98 1.50 14710.0
Shell Nozzle Weight 1.00 9806.65 1.00 9806.7
Roof Nozzle Weight 0.60 5883.99 0.60 5884.0
Shell Insulation Weight 10.00 98066.50 10.00 98066.5 (Considered Rock Wool insulation for
Roof Insulation Weight 2.50 24516.63 2.50 24516.6 shell & roof @ 180 mm thk. of 50 kg/sq.m
Total Weight 109.15 1070397.69 109.15 1070398 density)

TANK IS UNSTABLE FOR WIND AND HENCE TANKS ARE REQUIRED TO BE ANCHORED

Page 11 of 25
Design Calculation for T-109 tank

SEISMIC ANALYSIS
As per API 650, Appendix E
D = Site Classification
II = Seismic Use Group (SUG) (Table E-5)
Z = Seismic Zone Factor = 0.075
H = Maximum Liquid Level = 18.300 m
Zone I = Seismic Zone
I = Importance Factor
= 1
SDS = The design, 5% damped, spectral response acceleration parameter at short periods
(T = 0.2 secs.), %g (E.4.6.1-1)
= 2.5 Q Fa So = 0.30
Ss = Mapped, maximum considered earthquake, 5% damped, spectral response acceleration
parameter at short periods (0.2 sec), %g (E.4.3-1)
= 2.5 Sp = 0.1875
Sp = Design level peak ground acceleration parameter
= 0.075 (Seismic Zone 1)
So = Mapped, maximum considered earthquake, 5% damped, spectral response acceleration parameter
at a period of zero seconds (peak ground acceleration for a rigid structure), %g (E.4.6.1)
= 0.4Ss = 0.075
S1 = Mapped, maximum considered earthquake, 5% damped, spectral response acceleration
parameter at a period of one second, %g (E.4.3-2)
= 1.25 Sp = 0.094
Q = Scaling factor from the MCE to the design level spectral accelerations. (E.4.6.1)
= 1
Fa = Acceleration-based site coefficient (at 0.2 sec period) (Table E-1)
= 1.6
Fv = Velocity-based site coefficient (at 1.0 sec period) (Table E-2)
= 2.4
Rwc = Force reduction coefficient for the convective mode using allowable stress design methods
= 4 (Table E-4) (Mechanically Anchored)
Rwi = Force reduction factor for the impulsive mode using allowable stress design methods
= 2 (Table E-4) (Mechanically Anchored)
TL = Regional-dependent transition period for longer period ground motion, seconds (E.4.6.1)
= 4 secs.
Tc = Natural period of the convective (sloshing) mode of behavior of the liquid, seconds (E.4.5.2-a)
= 1.8 Ks * sqrt (D) = 4.42
K = Coefficient to adjust the spectral acceleration from 5% – 0.5% damping
= 1.5
Ks = Sloshing period co-efficient (E.4.5.2-c)
= 0.578 / sqrt [tanh*(3.68 H / D)] = 0.578
Av = The maximum vertical seismic acceleration parameter (E.6.1.3)
= 0.14 SDS = 0.042
Ts = Fv S1 / Fa Ss = 0.750
Ai = Impulsive design response spectrum acceleration coefficient, %g (E.4.6.1-1)
= SDS (I/Rwi) ≥ 0.007
= 2.5 Q Fa So (I/Rwi)
= 0.150 > 0.007

Page 12 of 25
Design Calculation for T-109 tank

When
Tc > TL
Ac = Convective design response spectrum acceleration coefficient, %g (E.4.6.1-5)
= K SD1 (TL/Tc) (I/Rwc) = 2.5 K Q Fa So (TsTL/Tc²) (I/Rw ≤ Ai
= 0.076 < 0.150
Effective Weight of Product & Center of action

D/H Ratio = 0.984 < 1.333

Wi = Effective impulsive weight of the liquid, in N (E.6.1.1-2)
= Wi = [1 - 0.218 D/H] Wp = 39,515,676 N
Wp = Total weight of tank contents based on the Design Specific gravity, in N
= 50,312,355 N
Wc = Effective convective (sloshing) portion of the liquid weight,N (E.6.1.1-3)
= 0.230 (D/H) tanh (3.67 H/D) Wp = 11377840 N
Xi = Height from the bottom of shell to the center of action of lateral seismic force related to the
impulsive liquid force for ring wall moment,m (E.6.1.2.1-2)
= [0.5-0.094(D/H)] H
= 7.457 m
Xc = Height from the bottom of shell to the center of action of lateral seismic force related to the
convective liquid force for ring wall moment,m (E.6.1.2.1-3)
= {1.0-[cosh(3.67H/D)-1]/[(3.67H/D)sinh(3.67H/D)]} H
= 13.62 m
Ws = Total Weight of tank shell and appurtenances, N
= 759484 N
Wr = Total Weight of fixed tank roof including framing and any permanemt attachment, N
= 188330 N

Center of Gravity of Shell

Width Thk. Wt.

Part EY EXY C.G.
(m) (mm) (MT.)
Shell -1 2.500 14 15.549 1.25
Shell -2 2.500 12 13.326 3.75
Shell -3 2.000 10 8.8831 6.00
Shell -4 2.000 10 8.8831 8.00
Shell -5 2.000 8 7.1057 10.00
Shell -6 2.000 6 5.3287 12.00
Shell -7 2.000 6 5.3287 14.00
Shell -8 2.000 6 5.3287 16.00
Shell -9 1.800 6 4.7958 17.90 497.94 6.5565
Roof 1.5012 6 18.604 19.30
Sum 95.15 953.85 10.025

Approx. Misc. Weight

Shell Appurtenances (1st Course) = 1.00 MT
Curb Angle (Top Course) = 0.42 MT
Roof Appurtenances = 0.60 MT

Page 13 of 25
Design Calculation for T-109 tank

Xs = Height from the bottom of the tank shell to the shell's center of gravity
= 6.556 m
Xr = Height from the bottom of tank shell to the roof and roof appurtenances center of gravity
= 10.025 m

OVERTURNING MOMENT
As per clause E.6.1.5
The overturning moment due to seismic forces applied to the bottom of the shell shall be determined as :
Mrw = SQRT {[ Ai (WiXi + WsXs + WrXr)]² + [Ac(WcXc)]²} (E.6.1.5-1)
Mrw = 46,752,376 N-m
Anchorage requirement based on seismic load
J = Anchorage Ratio (E.6.2.1.1.1 - 1)
= Mrw
D² [ Wt ( 1-0.4Av) + Wa - 0.4 Wint]
= 1.86 > 1.54
Where,
Wint = Calculated design uplift load due to product pressure per unit circumferential length, N/m
= 11034 N/m
Wt = Tank and roof weight acting at base of shell, N/m (E.6.2.1.1.1-2)
= [(Ws/πd) + Wrs]
= 16748 N/m
Wrs = Roof load acting on the shell, N/m
= 3328 N/m
Ge = Effective specific gravity including vertical seismic effects
= G(1-0.4Av) = 1.082
Wa = Resisting force of tank contents per unit length of shell circumference that may be used to resist
the shell overturning moment, N/m (E.6.2.1.1)
= 99 ta x sqrt ( Fy H Ge) < 201.1 H D Ge (E.6.2.1.1 - 1a)
= 65,512 N/m < 71,698
= 65,512 N/m
Anchorge is not required if the below conditions are met
S.No. Description Requirement Remarks
J < 1.54 Not OK
1) Resisting force is adequate for tank stability
1.86 > 1.54
Maximum width of annulus for determining the Ls < 0.035 D N/A
2) resisting force is 3.5% of tank diameter Ls = Required
maximum width of Annular plate N/A N/A
Fc > σc OK
3) Shell compression satisfies the Clause E.6.2.2
59.45 > 14.32
The required annulus plate thickness does not exceed ta < ts OK
4)
the thickness of bottom shell course 10 < 14.00
Piping system shall be designed for OK
5) Piping flexibility requirements are satisfied
the min. displacement in Table E-8

FALSE Hence, Anchor is required , tank is Mechanically Anchored

Page 14 of 25
Design Calculation for T-109 tank

SHELL COMPRESSION
As per clause E.6.2.2
The maximum longitudinal shell compression stress at the bottom of the shell
J = 1.857 > 1.54
Mechanically Anchored tanks
σc = (wt (1+0.4Av)+ (1.273 Mrw/D²)) x (1/1000ts) (E.6.2.2.2 - 1a)
σc = 14.32 N/m

As per clause E.6.2.2.3

Allowable longitudinal membrane compression stress in tank shell
GHD²/t² < 44
33.33 < 44
( Where t = 10 mm)
Fc = 83 ts /(2.5*D) + 7.5 SQRT(G*H) < 0.5Fty
Fc = 59.45 MPa < 110.625
Fc > σc Hence Safe

TOTAL BASE SHEAR CALCULATION

The equivalent Lateral force base shear shall be determined as difined as below :
V = Sqrt ( Vi² + Vc²) (E.6.1 - 1)
= 6160861 N
Where,
Vi = Ai (Ws + Wr + Wf + Wi) (E.6.1 - 2)
= 6099248 N
Wf = Weight of the tank floor,N
= 198,163 N
Vc = Ac Wc
= 869125 N

Sliding Resistance
Vs = μ ( Ws + Wr + Wf + Wp)(1 - 0.4 Av) (E.7.6 - 1)
= 20237533.03 N
Where,
Vs = Average shear wave velocity at large strain levels
μ = Friction coefficient for tank sliding
μ = 0.4

6160861 < 20237533.0

Seismic shear V does not exceed Sliding resistence Vs - HENCE OK

Page 15 of 25
Design Calculation for T-109 tank

DYNAMIC HOOP STRESS DESIGN

D/H Ratio = 0.984 < 1.333

Y = 18.00 > 13.51 = 0.75 D
Dynamic liquid Hoop force
As per Clause E.6.1.4
Ni = Impulsive hoop membrane force in tank wall , N/mm (E.6.1.4 - 3a)
= 2.6 Ai GD²
Nc = Convective hoop membrane force in tank wall , N/mm (E.6.1.4 - 4a)
= 1.85 Ac GD²cosh[3.68(H-Y)/D]/cosh(3.68H/D)
Y = Distance from liquid surface to analysis point ( 300 mm from Bottom),m
Nh = Product Hydrostatic membrane stress, N/mm
Nh = 4.9 GDY
2 2 2)
σT = σh ± σ s = Nh ± SQRT ( Ni + Nc + ( AvNh)
t

Course Y Ni Nc Nh t corroded σT σ s Allow Result

m N/mm N/mm N/mm mm Mpa Mpa
Shell -1 18.000 139.21 2.40 1747.72 14 136.08 196.18 OK
Shell -2 15.500 139.21 2.80 1504.98 12 138.16 196.18 OK
Shell -3 13.000 139.21 3.95 1262.24 10 141.13 196.18 OK
Shell -4 11.000 139.21 5.60 1068.05 10 121.44 196.18 OK
Shell -5 9.000 139.21 8.20 873.86 8 127.26 196.18 OK
Shell -6 7.000 139.21 12.18 679.67 6 137.05 196.18 OK
Shell -7 5.000 139.21 18.23 485.48 6 104.56 196.18 OK
Shell -8 3.000 139.21 27.37 291.29 6 72.28 196.18 OK
Shell -9 1.000 139.21 41.13 97.10 6 40.39 196.18 OK

Freeboard
For SUG II
δs = 0.5 D Af (E.7.2-1)
= 0.62 m
When,
Tc = 4.42 > 4
Af = 2.5 KQFaSoI(4Ts/Tc2)
Af = 0.07
Minimum Required Freeboard
0.7 δs = 0.44 m (Table E-7)
Provided Freeboard Height = 0.50 m
HENCE OK

Page 16 of 25
Design Calculation for T-109 tank

CHECK FOR SHELL-TO-ROOF FRANGIBLE JOINT REQUIREMENTS :

As per Figure F-2, Detail-b

Top Angle
100 x 100 x 8 thk. Wh
th

Wc

Rc
tc
tanθ = roof slope = 0.167

Area of Curb angle section plus the participating roof & shell
Top angle provided = 100 x 100 x 8 thk.
Ac = Cross sectional area of top angle = 1550 sq.mm.
Wc = Max. width of participating shell = 0.6(Rc tc)^0.5
= 139.43 mm
Where,
Rc = Inside radius of tank shell = 9000 mm
tc = Thickness of shell plate (uncorroded) = 6 mm
Wh = Max. width of participating roof = 0.3(R2 th)^0.5 or 300 mm
(whichever is less)
= 171.94 mm
= 171.94 mm
Where,
R2 = length of the normal to the roof, measured = Rc/sinθ
from the vertical centreline of the tank
= 54744.86 mm
th = Thickness of roof plate (uncorroded) = 6 mm
As = Participating area of shell plate = = Wc x tc
= 836.56 sq.mm
Ar = Participating area of roof plate = Wh x th
= 1031.62 sq.mm
At = Total area of roof-shell junction = Ac + As + Ar
= 3418.18 sq.mm
As per clause 5.10.2.6.d, The frangible roof joint for anchored tanks of any diameter, the tank shall meet the
requirements of 5.10.2.6.a

Page 17 of 25
Design Calculation for T-109 tank

S.No Requirement Actual Remarks

1 The slope of the roof at the top angle attachment Slope of the roof at the top angle OK
does not exceed 2:12. attachment does not exceed 2:12

2 The roof support members shall not be attached to Roof support members are not OK
the roof plate. attached to the roof plate.

3 The roof is attached to the top angle with a single
continuous fillet weld on the top side (only) that does
not exceed 5 mm (3/16 in.). No underside welding of
roof to top angle (including seal welding) is permitted.
The roof is attached to the top angle OK
with a single continuous fillet weld on
the top side only and does not exceed
5 mm. No underside welding of roof to
top angle (including seal welding) is
provided.

4 The roof-to-top angle compression ring is limited The roof-to-top angle compression ring OK
to details a - e in Figure F-2. is limited to 'detail-b' in Figure F-2.

As per clause 5.10.2.6,

A = For frangible joint, the cross sectional area of the roof-to = W / (1390 tan θ)
shell junction shall not exceed the following:
= 3499.57 sq.mm
W = Total weight of the shell and any framing = Ws + Wrs
(but not roof plates) supported by the shell & roof = 818324 N
Ws = Weight of the shell + miscellaneous items on shell = 759484 N
Wrs = Weight of roof structure = 58840 N

Total area of roof-to-shell junction, At < Area resisting the compressive force, A
A > At & HENCE SHELL - TO - JOINT FRANGIBLE JOINT

COMPRESSION AREA CHECK FOR INTERNAL PRESSURE

Design Internal pressure = 2.450 kPa

Cross sectional area of tank
Weight of the shell/roof/support
Hence F.3 through F.6 shall apply
= 0.0245 kg/cm2
= 2548650 Sq.cm
= 62441.92 kg
= 96650.19 kg

Required compression area as per F.5.1,

A = 200 * D^2 (P - 0.08 th)
Fy (tan q)
Where
D= Nominal tank Diameter = 18.014 m
P= Design internal pressure = 2.450 kPa
th = Nominal roof thickness = 6.00 mm
Fy = Minimum specified yield strength = 250 Mpa
tanθ = Roof slope = 0.167
As per M 3.3 of API 650 the yield strength of material shall be multiplied by the ratio of the reduction factor

Page 18 of 25
Design Calculation for T-109 tank

Hence
Material Yeiel strength ( MDT) = 250 x 0.885
= 221.25 Mpa
Ratio = 1.08 > 1 Hence ok
Where,
A = total required compression area at the roof to shell junction, in sq.mm
= 3068.51 sq.mm
Required Compression Area = 3068.51 sq.mm
Provided Compression Area = 3418.18 sq.mm

Provided compression area is adequate

As per cl.F.4.1, the maximum design pressure, for a tank that has been constructed P:
P = (A)Fy(Tan ¢)/(200*D^2)+0.08th
P = 2.67 Kpa
As per cl.F.4.2, the maximum design pressure, limited by uplift at the base of shell, shall not exceed:

Pmax = 0.00127DLS +0.08th - 0.00425 M

D^2 D^3
Where,
Pmax = maximum design pressure, in Kpa
DLS = Total weight of the shell & any framing (but not roof plates)
supported by the shell & roof, in N.
= 916391 N
M = Wind moment (Tank is provided with Ancharoge, hence M=0)
= 4393415 N-m
Pmax = 1163.82 + 0.48 - 0
324.5 5845.62
= 4.07 Kpa
Pmax > Design Pressure Hence safe

As per F.4.6,Calculated Failure Pressure

Pf = Calculated minimum failure pressure ( kPa)

Pf = 1.6 P -0.047 th
= 4.00 Kpa
As per Cl. F.4.3, the maximum design pressure for tank with a weak shell to roof attachment
P max < 0.8 Pf
< 3.20 Kpa
Hence all the above conditions are meet for Appendix -F calculation

Page 19 of 25
Design Calculation for T-109 tank

DESIGN OF ANCHOR BOLTS & ANCHOR CHAIRS

DESIGN OF ANCHOR BOLTS :
Provide = 48 mm. Dia. Bolts x 36 nos.
Root area of bolt = 1458.00 sq.mm
Corrosion allowance = 0 mm
Area available = 1458.000 sq.mm
As per clause 5.11.3
The design tension load per anchor tb = (4Mw/dN) - (W/N)
= 59539 N
Overturning moment about the shell-to-bottom joint from Mw = 4393415 N-m
horizontal plus vertical wind pressure
Diameter of the anchor circle d = 18.227 m
Number of anchors N = 36 nos.
Weight of the shell plus roof supported by the shell (corroded) W = -1E+06 N
less 0.4 times the uplift from internal pressure.
As per clause E.6.2.1.2 - Mechanically Anchored tank
W AB = Calculated design uplift load on anchors per E.6.2.1.2-1
unit circumferential length, N/m
2
= [(1.273 Mrw / D ) - Wt (1-0.4 Av)]
= 177972 N/m
PAB = The anchor seismic design load E.6.2.1.2-2
= W AB (π D/N)
= 279775 N

Uplift load as per table -5-21 a

Net Uplift, Load/Bolt Allowable Stress
Uplift load Case Stress/Bolt (Mpa) Remarks
U (N) (N) (Mpa)
Design Pressure Condition
[(P – 0.08th ) × D²] – W1 -915751.37 -25437.5 -17.4 105 OK
Test Pressure
[(Pt – 0.08th ) × D²] – W1 -915751.37 -25437.5 -17.4 140 OK
Failure Pressure
[(1.5 x Pf - 0.08th) x D 2] - W3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Frangilbility Pressure
(3 x Pf-0.08 th)x D2 -W3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Wind Load
[4 × Mw/D] – W2 -94842.06 -2634.5 -1.8 200 OK
Seismic Load
[4 × Ms/D] – W2 9,310,945 258637.4 177.4 200 OK
Design Pressure + Wind

[(P – 0.08th ) × D²] + [4 Mw/D] – W1 59804.27 1661.2 1.1 140 OK

Design Pressure + Seismic

[(P – 0.08th) × D²] + [4 Ms/D] – W1 9465591.1 262933.1 180.3 200 OK

Page 20 of 25
Design Calculation for T-109 tank

W1 = Dead load of shell less C.A. and any dead load other than roof plate acting on shell less C.A. in N
= 916391 N
W2 = Dead load of shell less C.A. and any dead load including roof plate acting on shell less C.A. in N
1070398 N
W3 = Dead load of shell including C.A. and dead load other than roof plate acting on the shell including C.A. in N
= 916391 N
P = Design pressure, Kpa = 2.45 kPa
th = Roof plate thickness, mm = 6.00 mm
Pf = Calculated minimum failure pressure, Kpa = 4.00 kPa
Pt = Test Pressure kPa = 2.45 kPa

Max Governing Load at each bolt 279775.5 N

AISI T-192 Volume II, Part VII- ANCHOR BOLT CHAIRS

Minimum cross sectional area of bolt Ab = 2.26 inch2 1458 mm 2
Yield strength of bolt (A 36) Fy = 250 N/mm 2
Design Load P = 279775 N = 62.871 Ksi
Top plate width a = 7.87 inch 200 mm
Top plate length b = 7.87 inch 200 mm
Top plate thickness c = 1.18 inch 30 mm
Anchor Bolt Diameter d = 1.89 inch 48 mm
Anchor Bolt eccentricity e = 4.00 inch 101.53 mm
Distance from outside of top plates to
f = 2.93 inch 74.47 mm
edge of hole
Distance between vertical plate g = 3.94 inch 100 mm
Chair Height h = 13.78 inch 350 mm
Vertical Plate Width ( Average) k = 5.12 inch 130 mm
Vertical plate thickness J = 0.55 inch 14 mm
Bottom plate thickness m = 0.39 inch 10 mm
Bottom shell course thickness + RF
t = 0.94 inch 24 mm
Pad
Annular/Sketch Plate Projection Q = 2.36 inch 60 mm
Pitch Circle Diameter PCD = 717.60 inch 18227.05 mm
Diameter of the tank D = 708.66 inch 18000 mm
Radius of Shell R = 354.33 inch 9000 mm
Weld Size w = 0.2362 inch 6 mm

Top Plate Design

2
Critical stress in top plate, S = P / f c * (0.375 g - 0.22 d)
= 16.30 Ksi
= 1146.18 < 1682.51 kg/cm 2
Bending plus direct stress in shell at top plate, Sb = P e / t2 * [(1.32Z / {(1.43ah 2/Rt + (4 a h 2)0.333} + (0.031 / (R t) 0.5)
= 15.57 Ksi
= 1094.85 < 1682.51 kg/cm 2
Where,
0.5 2
Z = Reduction Factor = 1.0 / [{0.177 a m / (R t) }*(m / t) + 1]
= 0.995
HENCE OK

Page 21 of 25
Design Calculation for T-109 tank

Vertical Plate:
Minimum Thk. is Greater of 0.5 inch or 0.04 (h-c) = 0.5 or 0.04( h - c)
= 0.5 or 0.50
= 0.5039 inch
= 12.8 mm
jk > P/25
2.82 > 2.51

HENCE OK

e f

g a

b
Radius

RF Pad k h

Q
PCD

Weld Size Calculation

Wv = P/(a+2h)
= 1.77 Ksi

WH = Vertical Load on wels

= Pe/(ah+0.667h²)
= 1.07 Ksi

W = (Wv 2 + W H2)0.5
= 2.07 < 2.27 Ksi

HENCE OK

Page 22 of 25
Design Calculation for T-109 tank

VENT SIZE CALCULATION

As per API 2000,
D = Tank Diameter in m = 18.00 m = 59.06 feet
H = Tank Height in m = 18.80 m = 61.68 feet
3
V = Tank Capacity in m = 4784.02 m 3 = ###### bbl
3
Vi = Maximum Filling Rate in m /hr = 500.00 m 3/hr = 3,145 bbl/hr
Vo = Maximum Emptying Rate,m 3/hr = 120.00 m 3/hr = 755 bbl/hr
0
Flash Point of Liquid > 200 C
Inbreathing (Vacuum Relief)
(a) Required venting capacity for liquid movement out of the tank (clause 4.3.2.1.1)
iQ1 = 0.94 Vo
= 112.80 Nm3/hr
(b) Required venting capacity for thermal inbreathing (Table -2B, Notes a)
iQ2 = 0.169 V
= 808.5 Nm3/hr
(c) Required venting capacity for inbreathing
iQt = iQ1 + iQ2
= 921.3 Nm3/hr

Outbreathing (Pressure Relief)

(a) Required venting capacity for liquid movement into the tank (clause 4.3.2.2.1)
oQ1 = 1.01 Vi
= 505.00 Nm3/hr
(b) Required venting capacity for thermal outbreathing (Table -2B, Notes b)
oQ2 = 60 % of inbreathing
= 485.1 Nm3/hr
(c) Required venting capacity for outbreathing
oQt = oQ1 + oQ2
= 990.1 Nm3/hr
Size and Number of Free Vents
D1 = Size selected, in inch = 6 Inch Schedule 40/Std.
D = Inside Diameter of Vent = 155.96 mm
(a) Vent Flow Area without Screen (A1)
2
A1 = π/4 * D = 19104 mm 2 = 0.019 m 2
(b) Vent Flow Area with Screen (A2)
Wire Size = 60 meshes per sq.inches
f1 = Nominal screen area 37%
A2 = f1*A1 = 7068.4 mm 2 = 0.007 m 2

(c) Mean Velocity Vm

2*g*ΔP
Vm = = 41.93 m/s = 2E+05 m/hr
f*d

Page 23 of 25
Design Calculation for T-109 tank

Where,
ΔP = Maximum difference venting pressure = 224.25 mmH2O 224.25 kg/m 2
d = Density of Vapour = 1.25 kg/m 3
f = Total Resistance co-efficient = 2.00
g = Acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s 2

(d) Inbreathing / Outbreathing Capacity, Q

1 - Without Screen
Q1 = A1 * Vm = 2,884 m 3/hr

2 - With Screen
Q2 = A2 * Vm = 1,067 m 3/hr

(e) Quantity of Free Vent required, N

1 - Without Screen
N = Max. ( iQt or oQt) / Q1 = 0.34335 SET(S)

2 - With Screen
N = Max. ( iQt or oQt) / Q2 = 0.928 SET(S)

Provide 2 SET(S) of 6 Inch Schedule 40/Std. Free Vent with Screen

Page 24 of 25
Design Calculation for T-109 tank

LOADING DATA :
Shell 74.53 Mt Fabricated Weight 132.7 Mt
Bottom plate 20.31 Mt Product wt. 5122 Mt
Roof plate 12.60 Mt Test water wt. 4784 Mt
Roof Structural 6.00 Mt Operating Weight 5255 Mt
Top Curb Angle 0.42 Mt Hydrotest Weight 4917 Mt
Ladder & Platform 1.50 Mt Wind shear 49 Mt
Shell appurtenances 1.00 Mt Wind moment 448 Mt-m
Roof appurtenances 0.60 Mt Seismic shear 628 Mt
Anchor chair 2.80 Mt Seismic moment 4767 Mt-m
Misc. wt. 0.45 Mt Size and Number of anchor bolts M 48 x 36 Nos.
Insulation Weight ( Shell) 12.50 Mt Bolt Circle Diameter 18.23 m

Page 25 of 25