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Reinforced concrete column capacity

Materials:
Concrete f'c = 5 ksi γc = 145 lb/ft³
Steel fy = 60 ksi Ec = 4,074 ksi
Ultimate conc. strain ec = -0.003 Es = 29,000 ksi
Design Code:
Resistance Factors fb = 0.9 fc = 0.75
Confinement: Spiral

Section Properties: 2
Diameter = 48 in Width = 24
8 72
AC = 1809.56 in² AT = 1907.4 in²
IC = 260576 in⁴ IT = 282159.9 in⁴
YbC = 24 in YbT = 24.00 in
Reinforcing bars:
Bar Area = 1 in²
No.bars = 16 ( < 100 )
S(As) = 16 in² Axial Force/Bending Moment Interaction Diagram
6000
As/Ac = 0.88%
φPn, kip
5,471 Click here t
Edge dist. = 3 in recalculate
5000 recalculate
interaction
interaction
Area Coordinates, in diagram
diagram
Reinforcing 4000
As Y Z
Bar No.
in² (from ctr.) (from bot.)
3000
1 1.00 21.00 24.00
2 1.00 19.40 32.04
3 1.00 14.85 38.85 2 2000 1

4 1.00 8.04 43.40

5 1.00 0.00 45.00 1000
6 1.00 -8.04 43.40 φMn, kip-ft
7 1.00 -14.85 38.85
0
8 1.00 -19.40 32.04 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
9 1.00 -21.00 24.00
-1000 -864
10 1.00 -19.40 15.96
11 1.00 -14.85 9.15
12 1.00 -8.04 4.60 -2000
13 1.00 0.00 3.00
14 1.00 8.04 4.60 Positive moment corresponds to tension in bottom fibers of the section
15 1.00 14.85 9.15 Positive axial force is compressive force

16 1.00 19.40 15.96 Factored Loads Capacity Demand/

Description Pu Mu φMn Capacity
kip kip-ft kip-ft Ratio
1 225 1400 #VALUE! #VALUE!
2 225 -1400 #VALUE! #VALUE!
3
4
5
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CONTROL OF CRACKING

Service Load Analysis (cracked section - triangular concrete stress)

Material Properties
Concrete f'c = 5 ksi Steel fy = 60 ksi
fcf = 0.2285√f'c = 0.511 ksi Es = 29000 ksi
Ec = 4074 ksi n = Es/Ect = 7.12
Creep factor, Ct = 0
Long term concrete Ect = Ec/(1+Ct) = 4074 ksi
Reinforcing Details
Bar diameter, db = 1 in
Bar spacing, s = 8 in Spacing in circular bar layout = 8.2
Concrete cover to bar in tension, clr = 2.5 in
Service Loads:
P= 200 kip (positive for compression)
M= 800 kip-ft (positive for tension on the bottom)
Cracked section analysis

Dist. to N.A. from compression edge, cNA = 14.3 in

Analysis Completed
Max. stress in tensile reinforcement, f s = 29.1 ksi
Concrete stress, fc = -1.90 MPa
Area of steel in tension, Ast = 11 mm² ( 11 bars)
Tensile steel Bottom, yb = 15.9 mm
located from: Compress. edge, ds = 32.1 mm

Maximum bar spacing by AASHTO LRFD 4th Edition, 2006

βs = 1+(clr+db/2)/[0.7(h-clr-db/2)] =
1.095
Exposure factor, γe = 0.75 Class 1 exposure γe = 1.00, Class 2 γe = 0.75)
Corresponds to crack limit width = 0.013 in
Calculated crack width, wk = 0.011 in (0.28 mm)
Smax = 700γe/(βsfs) - 2(clr+db/2) = 10.5 in (5.7.3.4-1)
Check maximum bar spacing S ≤ Smax 8 in ≤ 10.5 in OK

Maximum bar spacing by ACI 318-08

Smax = 600 /fs - 2clr = 15.6 (10-4)

Smax = 4800 /fs = 16.5
Smax = 15.6 in
Check maximum bar spacing S ≤ Smax 8in ≤ 15.6in OK

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Crack control by Australian standard AS3600

Exposure: Serviceability limit state load combinations case = 2

Element: Beam
Maximum allowable steel stress Beams Slabs and walls
Table 8.6.1(A) fs =575-130Ln(db) = 29 580 ksi
Table 8.6.1(B) fs = 320-0.8S) = 34 393.6 ksi
fs(max) = max(A,B) = 34 60 ksi

Check maximum steel stress fs ≤ fs(max) 29.1 ≤ 34.4 OK

ks = 0.6 flexure
fs = min(fy,Tabel 8.6.1A) = 29.1 ksi
Ast.min. = 3ks(Act/fs) = 6.8 in²
Ast = 11 in²
Check minimum reinforcement Ast.min. ≤ Ast 6.8 ≤ 11 OK (8.6.1)

Crack width calculated by British Standard

distance from the point considered to the surface of the nearest longitudinal bar
acr = √[(½S)²+(c+½db)²]-½db = 4.5 in
Concrete stiffening factor ks = 1.0 (1.5 if limiting crack width of 0.1mm, otherwise 1.0)
Crack limit width = 0.3 mm
Strain at the tension face
e1 = (fc/Ect)(h-c)/c = 0.001102
e2 = ksAct(h-c)/(3EsAst(ds-c)) = 0.0002166
em = e1-e2 = 0.000885
wk = 3acrem/[1+2(acr-clr)/(h-c)] = 0.011 in (0.27 mm)

Check maximum crack width Wk ≤ Wk,max 0.27mm > 0.3mm OK

Crack width calculated by Euro Code 2 [ EN1992-1-1:2004(E) ]

fck = 34.473785 MPa Ecm = 33952 MPa

fcm = 42.473785 MPa Es = 200000 MPa
fct,eff=fctm=0.3fck(2/3) = 3.18 Mpa
Limiting crack with Wk,max = 0.3 mm
Bond coefficient k1 = 0.8 (0.8 for deformed bars and 1.6 for plain bars)
Strain distribution coefficient k2 = 0.5 (0.5 for bending, 1.0 for pure tension)
k3 = 3.4 ( country specific, recommended 3.4, 1.0 used in earlier code)
k4 = 0.425 ( country specific, recommended 0.425 , 0.25 used earlier code)
Load duration coefficient kt = 0.4 (0.6 for short term and 0.4 for long term loading)
Neutral axis from compression edge, x = 362.4 mm bar diameter, db = 25.4 mm
Tensile steel from compression edge, d = 816.3 mm Clear cover, c = 63.5 mm
Total section height, H = 1219.2 mm
h = H-yst+db/2+c = 1219.2 mm Section height adjusted for concrete cover
hc,ef = min[2.5(h-d), (h-x)/3] = 285.6 mm
α= 2.021 rad
Ac,eff (hc,ef) = 208199 mm²
Ast = 7097 mm²
rp,eff = Ast/Ac,eff = 0.0341
Maximum crack spacing
Bar spacing S = 203.2 mm ≤ 5(clr+db/2) = 381 mm
Sr,max=k3c+k1k2k4db/rp,eff = 342.6 mm (7.11)
Sr,max = 1.3(h-c) = 1113.9 mm min of = 342.6 mm (7.14)

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Axial Force/Moment Interaction Diagram

Cracke Cracke
d d
momen momen
N/A t t
from inertia N/A from inertia
φPn φMny φ bottom Icr φPn φMnz φ bottom Icr
kip kip-ft in in^4 kip kip-ft in in^4
-864 0 0.900 1E-10 6E+06 -864 0 0.900 1E-10 6E+06
-812 -101 0.900 1.63262 34485 -816 -92 0.900 1.532812 33754
-613 -451 0.900 3.26524 45842 -645 -396 0.900 3.065623 44516
-399 -813 0.900 4.89786 55127 -435 -752 0.900 4.598435 53727
-172 -1165 0.900 6.53048 62379 -232 -1075 0.900 6.131247 60783
58 -1505 0.900 8.1631 68008 -10 -1405 0.900 7.664059 66418
287 -1818 0.900 9.79572 72640 198 -1702 0.900 9.19687 71023
538 -2122 0.900 11.4283 76759 432 -1995 0.900 10.72968 75033
775 -2391 0.900 13.061 80728 656 -2258 0.900 12.26249 78787
1025 -2648 0.900 14.6936 84823 883 -2509 0.900 13.79531 82540
1288 -2875 0.900 16.3262 88987 1128 -2739 0.900 15.32812 86498
1506 -2997 0.876 17.9588 93940 1373 -2944 0.900 16.86093 90542
1702 -3055 0.845 19.5914 99582 1517 -2939 0.845 18.39374 95370
1894 -3087 0.818 21.2241 106050 1659 -2915 0.798 19.92655 100839
2083 -3110 0.795 22.8567 113463 1787 -2875 0.758 21.45936 107058
2279 -3101 0.776 24.4893 121005 1911 -2833 0.723 22.99218 114124
2472 -3073 0.758 26.1219 130587 2039 -2768 0.692 24.52499 121202
2696 -3037 0.750 27.7545 141380 2159 -2694 0.665 26.0578 130188
2944 -3015 0.750 29.3872 153441 2315 -2633 0.650 27.59061 140240
3179 -2973 0.750 31.0198 166802 2517 -2617 0.650 29.12342 151405
3416 -2913 0.750 32.6524 179649 2709 -2586 0.650 30.65623 163713
3648 -2835 0.750 34.285 195593 2903 -2541 0.650 32.18905 175356
3875 -2739 0.750 35.9176 212760 3093 -2482 0.650 33.72186 189951
4098 -2625 0.750 37.5503 231034 3279 -2410 0.650 35.25467 205648
4316 -2494 0.750 39.1829 247437 3462 -2323 0.650 36.78748 222369
4521 -2350 0.750 40.8155 267249 3641 -2223 0.650 38.32029 239986
4727 -2187 0.750 42.4481 287249 3816 -2110 0.650 39.85311 255515
4926 -2009 0.750 44.0807 303207 3981 -1989 0.650 41.38592 274244
5118 -1819 0.750 45.7134 319119 4147 -1852 0.650 42.91873 292960
5303 -1619 0.750 47.346 332863 4308 -1705 0.650 44.45154 307458
5471 -1419 0.750 48.9786 282160 4463 -1548 0.650 45.98435 321783
5471 0 0.750 4463 0 0.650

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Axial Force/Moment Interaction Diagram

Cracke Cracke
d d
momen momen
N/A t t
from inertia N/A from inertia
φPn φMny φ bottom Icr φPn φMnz φ bottom Icr
kip kip-ft in in^4 kip kip-ft in in^4
-864 0 0.900 1E-10 6E+06 -864 0 0.900 1E-10 6E+06
-812 101 0.900 1.63262 34485 -816 92 0.900 1.532812 33754
-613 451 0.900 3.26524 45842 -645 396 0.900 3.065623 44516
-399 813 0.900 4.89786 55127 -435 752 0.900 4.598435 53727
-172 1165 0.900 6.53048 62379 -232 1075 0.900 6.131247 60783
58 1505 0.900 8.1631 68008 -10 1405 0.900 7.664059 66418
287 1818 0.900 9.79572 72640 198 1702 0.900 9.19687 71023
538 2122 0.900 11.4283 76759 432 1995 0.900 10.72968 75033
775 2391 0.900 13.061 80728 656 2258 0.900 12.26249 78787
1025 2648 0.900 14.6936 84823 883 2509 0.900 13.79531 82540
1288 2875 0.900 16.3262 88987 1128 2739 0.900 15.32812 86498
1506 2997 0.876 17.9588 93940 1373 2944 0.900 16.86093 90542
1702 3055 0.845 19.5914 99582 1517 2939 0.845 18.39374 95370
1894 3087 0.818 21.2241 106050 1659 2915 0.798 19.92655 100839
2083 3110 0.795 22.8567 113463 1787 2875 0.758 21.45936 107058
2279 3101 0.776 24.4893 121005 1911 2833 0.723 22.99218 114124
2472 3073 0.758 26.1219 130587 2039 2768 0.692 24.52499 121202
2696 3037 0.750 27.7545 141380 2159 2694 0.665 26.0578 130188
2944 3015 0.750 29.3872 153441 2315 2633 0.650 27.59061 140240
3179 2973 0.750 31.0198 166802 2517 2617 0.650 29.12342 151405
3416 2913 0.750 32.6524 179649 2709 2586 0.650 30.65623 163713
3648 2835 0.750 34.285 195593 2903 2541 0.650 32.18905 175356
3875 2739 0.750 35.9176 212760 3093 2482 0.650 33.72186 189951
4098 2625 0.750 37.5503 231034 3279 2410 0.650 35.25467 205648
4316 2494 0.750 39.1829 247437 3462 2323 0.650 36.78748 222369
4521 2350 0.750 40.8155 267249 3641 2223 0.650 38.32029 239986
4727 2187 0.750 42.4481 287249 3816 2110 0.650 39.85311 255515
4926 2009 0.750 44.0807 303207 3981 1989 0.650 41.38592 274244
5118 1819 0.750 45.7134 319119 4147 1852 0.650 42.91873 292960
5303 1619 0.750 47.346 332863 4308 1705 0.650 44.45154 307458
5471 1419 0.750 48.9786 282160 4463 1548 0.650 45.98435 321783
5471 0 0.750 4463 0 0.650

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BIAXIAL BENDING MOMENT CAPACITY

Demand
Capacity
Applied Loads Uniaxial Capacities Ratio

Load Description P My Mz φMny φMnz (My/φMny)a+

kip kip-ft kip-ft kip-ft kip-ft (Mz/φMnz)a
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Nrd = f[0.85f'c(Ac-As)+fyAs] = 6436.964 kip

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My-Mz Contour plot at axial force P = 25 kip (-864 ÷ 4463)

φMny neg = #VALUE! kip-ft φMny pos = #VALUE! kip-ft Sign convention
φMnz neg = #VALUE! kip-ft φMnz pos = #VALUE! kip-ft My positive creates tension on the bottom
P/Nrd = 0.004 a= 2.000 Mz positive creates tension on the right

Biaxial Moment Capacity Diagram (kip-ft) at P = 25 kip

Biaxial Moment Capacity Diagram (kip-ft) at P = 25 kip
φMnz
12

10

φMny
4

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

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Moment capacity about inclined axis

Angle to Y-axis, a = 30 deg (0÷90)

Moment capacity about axis inclined 30 deg. from Y-axis

Moment capacity about axis inclined 30 deg. from Y-axis
φPn, kip
5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500 φMn, kip-ft

1000

500

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

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Biaxial
Interact'n
coeff.

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(-864 ÷ 4463)

nsion on the bottom

nsion on the right

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Strain-Compatibility Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Section

Note: Bottom fibers in compression
Materials:
Concrete f'c = 5 ksi Ec = 4069.6 ksi b1 = 0.80
Steel fy = 60 ksi Es = 29000 ksi b
Ultimate strain ec = 0.003 n = Es/Ec = 7.1
Design Code: AASHTO LRFD-static
Resistance Factors: fb = 0.9 fc = 0.75 f = 0.750
Confinement: Spiral

Section Properties:
Shape: Circular
Diameter , h = 48 in 24

Concrete Ag = 1809.56 in² Steel As = 16 in²

Area, in² C.G. from compression edge, in Moment Inertia, in^4

Ac nAs Ac+nAs Yc Ys Y Ic nIs I
Gross Concrete 1809.56 0 1809.557 24 0 24 260576 0 260576
Transformed 1809.56 97.8851 1907.443 24 24 24 260576 21583.67 282160
Cracked transformed 1804.69 97.8851 1902.577 0.0133 24 1.24735 260605 72257.15 332863

Loads:
fP = 0 kip P= 0 kip The only variable allowed to change on this sheet
(Positve for compression)
fM = 1619 kip-ft (calculated)
Bending direction: + bottom fibers in tension

Axial capacity calculations

fPu(max) = k1f[0.85f'c(bh-As)+fyAs] = 5471.42 kip (Compression)
k1 = 0.85 fPu(min) = f(fySAs) = -864 kip (Tension)
Equivalent depth of concrete compression zone, a = 37.9 in
Neutral axis location from the compressive edge, c = a/b1 = 47.3 in
Curvature, y = ec/c = -6E-05 1/in
Static Equilibrity Equations

Sum of Forces = 0 Sum of Moments = 0

-0.85f'cAc = -6509.4 kip S(As(fs-fc)(Ys-Yc)) = 386 kip-ft
S(As*(fs-fc)) = -560.68 kip 0.85f'cAc(Yc-Ycc) = 1772.8 kip-ft
P= 0 kip M= 2158.5 kip-ft
Total -7070.1 Recalculate!

Yc = 24 in Distance from the centroid of gross section to the compression edge

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 Acc = 1531.62 in² Equivalent concrete area in compression (based on 'a')
Yc-Ycc = 3.26809 in Distance from the centroid of gross section to the centroid of Acc
a = 2.18732 rad Central angle (for circular section only)

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Calculating f in accordance with AS3600 and AS5100

N= 0 φNu = 0
Flexure and axial load, φ = 0.800 φMu = 1726.817

Pure flexure, φo = 0.800 φoMuo = 1313.618

Flexure and axial load, f = 0.610 (for constructing interaction diagram only)
γ= 0.8 a = kud*γ
Muo Mud Nub Nout
Current N=0 N=0
Nu = 0 0 0 7427 -960
Mu = 2159 1642 175934 2781
Ast = 0 6776 6776 5544
Asc = 16 3080 3080 4312
d= 0.0 618.2 618.2 747.7
d' = 15.7 103.2 110.1 148.4
ku = ### 0.331 0.400 0.600
kud = 0.0 204.9 247.3 448.6
a = kud*γ = 0.0 156.9 197.8 343.6
Ts = 0 3139 4082 1562
Cs = -561 -609 -769 -1399
Cc = -0.85f'cAc = -6509 -2529 -3313 -7590
Sum(P)= -7070.073 0.000109 0 0