WELDI

NGSTANDARDSFORPROCEDUREQUALI
FICATI
ON
EuropeanandAmer
icanst
andar
dshav
ebeendev
elopedt
ogi
vecompr
ehensi
vedet
ail
s
about

1.Howawel
dedt
estpi
ecemustbemadet
odemonst
rat
ejoi
ntpr
oper
ti
es

2.Howt
het
estpi
ecemustbet
est
ed

3.Whatwel
dingdet
ail
sneedt
obei
ncl
udedi
naWPS

4.Ther
angeofpr
oduct
ionwel
dingal
l
owedbyapar
ti
cul
arqual
i
ficat
iont
estwel
d

Qual
if
icat
ionbyadopt
ionofast
andar
dweldi
ngprocedur
e:-t
estwel
dspr
evi
ousl
y
qual
i
fiedanddocumentedbyot
hermanuf
act
urer
s

Qual
if
icat
ionbasedonpr
evi
ousweldi
ngexper
ience:
-wel
djoint
sthathav
ebeen
r
epeatedl
ymadeandprovedtohav
esuit
ableproper
ti
esbythei
rservi
cerecor
d.

PRELI
MINARYWELDI
NGPROCEDURESPECI
FICATI
ON(
pWPS)
Thepre-qual
i
fiedWPShav easpecifi
edrangeofparamet
ersunderwhichthewel
dmust
beproduced.Whenwel di
ngvari
abl
esf al
lout
sidet
heseranges,aWPSwi t
hsupport
ing
PQRmustbepr epar
ed.Theprel
iminarywel
dingpr
ocedurespeci
fi
cat
ionshall
be
prepar
edinaccordancewithEN-288-2.

NONDESTRUCI
TIVETESTI
NG
1.Cr
acksar
enotal
l
owed

2.I
ncl
usi
onsofoxi
desar
eper
mit
tedt
otheal
l
owabl
eli
mit
s

a.Si
nglepor
osi
tyhavi
ngadi aof20%ofTor2.
0mm max.whi
chev
eri
sthe
l
essermaybeaccepted.

b.Li
nepor
osi
tyorsmal
l(l
esst
hanorequal
to0.
5mm)scat
ter
edpr
osi
ty.

c.Excessweldmet
alorconv
exi
ty,
excesst
hroatt
hicknessandexcessof
penetr
ati
on

DESTRUCTI
VETESTI
NG
TRANSVERSETENSI
LETESTS:
-

Thet
ensi
l
est
rengt
hmustmeett
her
equi
rement
sst
art
edagai
nstP.
no
BENDTEST:
-

Fordissi
mil
arorheter
ogeneousbut
tjoi
nts,l
ongit
udi
nalbendt
estmayber
equi
red
i
nsteadoftr
ansversebendtest
.Thebendingangl
eistobe180o

Aftert
est
ingt
het
estspeci
menshal
lnotr
eveal
anyopendef
ecti
nanydi
rect
iongr
eat
er
than3mm

MACROEXAMI
NATI
ON

Thet
estspeci
meni
stobepr
epar
edandet
chedononesi
det
ocl
ear
lyr
eveal

1.Thef
usi
onl
i
ne

2.TheHAZ

3.Thebui
l
dupoft
her
uns

4.Theunaf
fect
edbasemet
al

Theexami
nat
ionshal
lrev
eal
:
-

1.Ar
egul
arwel
dpr
ofi
l
e

2.Compl
etef
usi
onbet
weenadj
acentl
ayer
sofwel
dandbasemet
al

3.Theabsenceofdef
ect
ssuchascr
acksandl
ackoff
usi
on

PROCEDUREQUALI
FICTI
ONRECORD
1.Eachmanufact
urershal
lmai
ntai
nar
ecor
doft
her
esul
tsobt
ainedi
nwel
ding
procedur
equal
if
icat
ion.

2.ThecompletedPQRshal
ldocumental
lessenti
alandwhenr
equir
ed.SEvar
iabl
es
foreachpr
ocessusedot
hervar
iabl
esandinfor
mat i
onmayberecor
dedatthe
codeuser’
sopti
on.

3.ChangestothePQRar enotpermit
tedexceptedi
tori
alcorr
ecti
onsoran
addendum t
orefl
ectcodechanges.Ifsubst
anti
atedashavingbeenpartoft
he
ori
ginal
qual
ifi
cat
ionbylaborat
oryrecor
dorsimil
ardata,addi
ti
onali
nformat
ion
maybeaddedt othePQR

4.Thet
ype,
numberandr
esul
toft
het
est
sshal
lber
ecor
dedi
nthePQR.
TheWPQRhasbeenproduced,t
heweldi
ngengi
neeri
sabl
etowr
it
equal
i
fiedWPSsf
or
thev
ari
ouspr
oduct
ionweldjoi
ntst
hatneedt
obemade.

PQR

TYPEOFTEST EXTENTOFTESTI
NG
Vi
sual
exami
nat
ion 100%

RTandUTexami
nat
ion 100%

Penet
rantTest 100%

Tr
ansv
erseTensi
l
etest 2speci
men

Transver
seBendt
est 2r
ootand2f
ace
specimen

Macr
oexami
nat
ion 1speci
men

Therootandfacebendsmaybepr
efer
abl
ysubst
it
utedby4si
desbends
fort
>equal12mm

WELDI
NGPROCEDURESPECI
FICATI
OINS
1.Whenst ruct
ureandpressur
izedi
temsaref
abr
icat
edbyweldi
ng.I
tisessent
ial
thatal
ltheweldedjoi
ntsaresoundandhav
esuit
ablepr
oper
ti
esforthei
r
appli
cat
ion.

2.Contr
olofwel di
ngisachievedbymeansofwel dingprocedur
especif
icat
ion.That
fi
vedetail
edwr i
tt
eninstr
uctionsaboutt
heweldingconditi
onsthatmustbeused
toensurethatweldedjoi
ntshav et
herequi
redpropert
ies

3.Wel
dingi
nspect
orsandwel
derf
ami
l
iarwi
thWPS.

4.Wel
derneedt
ounder
standt
heWPSt
omakewel
dst
hatar
enotdef
ect
ive.

5.WPSsati
sfyther
equi
rement
sspeci
fi
edbyt
heappl
i
cat
ionst
andar
dandt
hecl
i
ent
andenduser

6.WPSisawrit
ten,qual
if
ied,
documentpr
epar
eddi
rect
ionf
ormaki
ngpr
oduct
ion
wel
dstocoderequir
ement.
 7.Thecomplet
edWPSshalldescr
ibealloft
he‘Essenti
alv
ari
abl
es’
,‘
Non-
essent
ial
var
iabl
es’
,‘
Suppl
ement
aryvari
able’
foreachprocess.

8.TheWPSshal
lref
erencet
hesuppor
ti
ng‘
Procedur
eQual
i
ficat
ionRecor
ds(
PQR)
’

9.ChangesmaybeintheNEv ari
ableswit
houtrequal
i
ficat
ion,
provi
dedthechanges
aredocument
edbyrevi
sionoralter
ati
onorbyuseofanewWPS.Changesi n
essent
ial
orsuppl
ementaryessenti
alv
ariabl
erequi
rerequal
if
icat
ion.

ESSENTI
ALVARI
ABLES:
-

Si
gni
fi
cantaf
fectonthemechanical
proper
ti
esofaj
oint
.Nochangeexcept
wi
thi
nthe li
mitspecif
iedbyt
hiscode.

NON-
ESSENTI
ALVARI
ABLES:
-

Nosignif
icantaf
fectonmechani
cal
proper
ti
escanbechangedwi
thoutr
e-
qual
i
ficat
ion oft hePQR

SUPPLEMENTARYVARI
BLES:
-

Affectont
hei mpactproper
ti
esofaj
ointcl
assedasnon-
essent
ial
ifi
mpact
testi
ngis notrequi
red.

NOTE:-all
vari
abl
eli
stedasESSENTIALVARIABLE,NON-ESSENTIALVARIABLE,
SUPPLEMENTRARYVARI ABLESshouldbeaddressedonboththeWPSandt hePQR.I
f
anyofthevar
iabl
esdonotappl
ytothepart
icul
arappli
cat
ionthent
heyshoul
dbe
speci
fi
edasnotappli
cabl
e.

WPSESSENTI
ALVARI
BALES:

Arethosefact
orswhi
chmustber
ecor
dedandi
fther
eanychanges,
thepr
ocedur
emust
beretest
edandre-
qual
if
ied.

1.Pr
ocess

2.Basemet
al(
Pno)

3.Fi
l
lermet
al(
Fno)

4.Wel
dingcur
rent

5.Wel
dingposi
ti
on
 6.Shi
eldi
nggas-
-ifused

7.Pr
epar
ati
onofbasemet
al

8.Fi
tt
ingandal
i
gnment

9.Backsi
dej
oint

10.
Preheat

11.
PWHT

12.
Wel
dingt
echni
que

NON-
ESSENTI
ALVARI
ALES:
-

1.Thet
rav
elpr
ogr
essi
on(
uphi
l
lordownhi
l
l)

2.Thesi
zeoft
heel
ect
rodeorf
il
lerwi
re

3.Cer
tai
ndet
ail
soft
hewel
djoi
ntdesi
gn

4.Theuseandt
ypeofwel
dbacki
ng

5.Thepol
ari
tyoft
hewel
dingcur
rent
.

Not
e:-

1.Essential
variabl
echangedbeyondt hel
imitsspecif
iedbythestandar
dwi l
l
requi
reswi l
lrequi
retheWPStober equalif
iedbecauseessenti
al v
ari
ablescan
havesignifi
canteff
ectonmechanicalpropert
iesthattheyar
ethecontroll
i
ng
vari
ablesthatgovernthequal
i
ficat
ionrangeanddet erminewhatcanbewr it
ten
i
naWPS

2.I
faweldermakesaproduct
ionweldusi
ngcondit
ionsoutsi
dethequal
i
ficat
ion
r
angegivenonaparti
cul
arWPS,ther
eisdangert
htt hewel
dedjoi
ntwi
llnothave
t
herequi
redproper
ti
esandther
earethentwooptions

a.Makeanothert
estweldusingsimil
arweldi
ngconditi
onstothoseusedfor
t
heaffect
edweldandsubjectthi
st ot
hesamet estsusedforther
elev
ant
WPQRt odemonstr
atethattheproper
ti
esstil
lsat
isfyspeci
fi
ed
r
equi
rements

b.Remov etheaff
ect
edwel
dandr
ewel
dthej
ointst
ri
ctl
yinaccor
dancewi
th
thedesignat
edWPS
 WELDERAPPROVAL

Welderapprovalt
estsar
eusedt
odeterminet
heabili
tyofaweldert
opr oduceweldsof
anacceptablequal
it
ywit
hthepr
ocesses,
materi
alsandweldi
ngposi
tionsthatar
et obe
usedinproducti
on.

Dependantontherequir
ementsandadmi ni
str
ati
onthemanufact
urerorcontr
act
ormay
choosetoqualif
ytheirownwel der
sort heymayempl oyoutsi
depersonnelwhocan
meettherequi
rements.Theserequi
rementsusuall
yspeci
fyveri
fi
cat
ionofthetest
sby
anauthori
zedi
nspectorori
ndependentbody.

Therequir
ementsfort
hequali
fi
cati
onofwel dersareusual
l
ylai
ddowni
nthegov
erni
ng
codeorspeci
fi
cat
ionorthecont
ractspeci
fi
cation.

Approvaltest
si mprov
et hepr obabi
li
tyofobt aini
ngsat i
sfact
oryweldsi nproducti
on.
Howev eri
tistruetosayt hatapprovalt
estwel dsaremadewi thspeci
alattenti
onand
effor
tandsocannotshowwhet herornotthewel dercandosounderev er
ypr oduct
ion
condit
ion.Fort hese reasons compl eter el
i
ance shoul d notbe placed on t hese
quali
fi
cati
ons-pr oductionwel dsshould bei nspected r
egular
lyto ensuret hatthe
standardi
sbeingkeptup.

Ty
pesOfAppr
oval
Test
s.

Test
sthatareprescr
ibedbymostcodesandst
andar
dsar
eint
hemai
nsi
mil
ar.
Commont estsare:

a. Pl
ateandst
ruct
ural
member
s.

b. Pi
pewel
ding.

c. Posi
ti
onsofwel
ding.

d. Test
ingofappr
oval
testpi
eces.

e. Re-
test
s.
Test
ingofwel
derappr
oval
testpi
eces.

Allcodesandspeci ficat
ionswi l
lhav edefi
nit
erulesfort
het esti
ngofappr
ovalweldst o
determinecompl i
ance.Mostf r
equent l
ythisinvolvesther emovalofspecimensf or
mechani caltests,suchasbendt est
s,andspeci mensformacr oexaminationfrom
specifi
cl ocati
ons int he testpi eces.Non-destr
ucti
vet esti
ng maybe r equi
red in
conjunctionwiththemechani caltests.

Otherpropert
iesrequi
redoft heprocedurequali
fi
cati
onweldssuchast ensil
estrength,
hardness,et
c.arenotgenerall
yspecifi
edinwelderapprov
altest
ssincetheseproperti
es
dependpr i
mar i
l
yont hepar entandfil
lermateri
alsusedonpr ocedur
edet ai
lsthatare
beyondtheindivi
dualwelder
'scontrol
.

Welderswhoset estweldsmeett her equir

ement sar equali
fi
edtouset heprocessand
toweldwi t
hthef i
ll
ermetalsandpr ocedur essimilartothoseusedintesti
ng.Itshoul
d
bement i
onedt hatawelderwhohassuccessf ull
ywel dedaprocedur
etestspecimenis
notrequi
redtounder goanapprovaltest,unlessther equi
rementsofpr
oductionweldi
ng
aredif
fer
entfrom thoseoftheprocedur einwhi chhehasqual i
fi
ed.

Re-
test
s.

Theci
rcumst
ancesf
ort
her
e-t
est
ingofawel
deri
ncl
udet
hef
oll
owi
ng:

1. Fai
l
ureoft
hei
nit
ial
testwel
ds.

2. Asi
gni
fi
cantchangei
nwel
dingpr
ocedur
e.

3. Awel
derhasnotbeenengagedi
nwel
dingf
oranext
endedper
iod.(
Usual
l
ythr
ee
mont
hs.
)

4. Ther
eisr
easont
oquest
iont
hewel
der
'sabi
l
ity
.

5. Changeofempl
oymentwi
thoutt
het
ransf
erofhi
sappr
oval
cer
ti
fi
cat
es.

CHECKLI
STFORWELDERANDPROCEDUREAPPROVAL

1.Wel
dingpr
ocess
 2.Ty
peofwel
d

3.Par
entmat
eri
alt
ype

4.Fi
l
lermat
eri
al

5.Mat
eri
alt
hickness

6.Pi
pedi
amet
er

7.Wel
dingposi
ti
ons

TESTCERTI
FICATE

Shouldst
atecl
ear
lyt
hati
tisawelderapprovalandnotaprocedureappr
oval
,and,
dependi
ngonthepar
ti
cul
arstandar
d,shouldcontai
nthefol
lowing:

a.wel
der
’snameandi
dent
it
ynumber

b.dat
eoft
est

c.st
andar
dofcodei
nful
l
,e.
g.Br
it
ishSt
andar
d4872PT1:
1982

d.t
estpi
ecedet
ail
sincl
udi
ngmat
eri
alspeci
fi
cat
ion

e.equi
pmentandconsumabl
edet
ail
s

f
.ext
entofappr
oval

g.sket
chofr
unsequence,
prepar
ati
onanddi
mensi
ons

h.ot
herf
act
ors,
oper
ati
ngpar
amet
erset
c.

i
.thet
estr
esul
ts(
visual
,NDT,
DTet
c.)

j
.remar
ks

k.wi
tnessedby

l
.testsuper
visor

m.l
ocat
ion

Mostst
andar
dsgi
veanexampl
eofat
estcer
ti
fi
cat
e.
Si
gnat
uresoncer
ti
fi
cat
esmustbeendor
sedbycompanyst
amp

ABBREVI
ATI
ONS

WPS wel
dingprocedur
especi
fi
cati
on-anappr
ovedandaccept
edwel
ding
pr
ocedure;anaut
hor
izeddocument
.

PQR procedur
equali
ficat
ionr
ecords-prooft
heprocedur
ewor
ks-r
ecor
dof
test
s under
takentoqual
i
f ypr
ocedure.

WAC welderappr
ovalcer
ti
fi
cat
e-r equi
redt
oensur
eapar
ti
cul
arwel
deri
s
capableofwel
dingtoaprocedure.

WATC wel
derappr
oval
testcer
ti
fi
cat
e.

WAR wel
derappr
oval
recor
d.

WPAR wel
dingpr
ocedur
eappr
oval
recor
d.

WQT wel
derqual
i
ficat
iont
est
.

pWPS prel
imi
naryWPS-unaut hor
ized(contai
nsallessent
ial
v ar
iabl
esand,
aft
er
weldi
ngthetestpieceandallNDTanddest r
uctiv
etestshavebeen
accept
ed,thentheWPScanbeappr oved)
.