Voices of Karen Around The World Wide

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Karen Voices Around
the World
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Karen Voices Around the World (Karen version)
Drum Publication Group

P.O Box 66
Kanchanaburi 71000
Thailand
drum@drumpublications.org
www.drumpublications.org
vgysKR< 2747 unDeH.

December, 2008
ISBN- 978-974-613-101-8
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vHM.rh>rRw>vXvgvJ’D;w>’G;[h.tDRvXtvgvJ’D;rRw>teH.tvgt
zDcd.’D;ud;0JvXySRrRw>zdzJ±SX. = Labour Pansion vDRI
rhrh>ySRvXto;ySJRxD. 65 eH.b.q.w>rRwtd.eDwrHRcDzsdw>qd;uhrh>
7
*hR< rRw>wohrh>*hR< to;yS>wh>vHvXt[JwkRtcgvHRvHRrh>*hRM.’d;M>0J
xHzduD>zdzJ±SX. (National Pansion) M.vDRI
w>yORw>pkvD>cD.cd.= ySRvXt[JEkmvDRtd.qd;wz.tHRtphrh>td.vX
td.ySJRvXuyOR[H.yORCD’D;yOR0JohvDRI b.q.rh>zsgvXtusd.tphtd.wkR
uyOR[H.M.y’d.w[h.w>rRpXRvXRb.I tcDynD< ySRvXtphwtd.vX
utd.rlt*D>M.y’d.[h.w>rRpXRvDRI ySRvXtpht.d M.w>[h.tDRtvd.
wtd.b.I
rh>vXySRvXtyOR[H.M.’f[.H wzsX.tyORuvHRtod;’D;[D.cd.tvJtod;
ub.[h.cdoGJM.vDRI [D.cd.M.td.0JcHuvkm = y’d.t[D.cd.’D;ySRw
*Rb.w*R< eD>up>[D.cd.< vXM.trJmngM.ub.[h.0Jw>tk.uDR
(Insurance) u’D;vDRI
rhrh>odvh.M.zJySRw*Rtd.rlvXy’d.tw>rRpXRtcgM.yORodvh.tyORw
b.tgM> 4<000 ,l&Rd b.I rh>yOR0J’;D w>ymyeDRtDRvXtus.d tphvXySRJ vH
’D;w>rRpXRtDRtvD>wtd.b.M.vDRI vXw>tHRtCdySRvXtoMRt
o;vXy’d.tw>rRpXRwz.yOR’d;’.0Jodvh.vD>vHRvXtyORwtgM>
1<500 wz.M.vDRI
odvh.M.’ft-uX;tod;yyORtDRM>vH< odph>uD;vXw>vJRw>uhRzJ0h>cd.0h>
ylRtbl;twH>tHRyrRuJv<H b.q.w>ymywkmodv.h wcgtyORrh>0Jwe.
&H.w,l&dRtCdrhwrh>b.vX[H.u&X< ‘D;ew>rRvD>< uFdb.M.wymy
wkmuvDb.tDRb.I xJetd.t’X;w>ymodvh.tvD>M.wvg 4 ,l&dR
M.vDRI
w>zH;w>rR= vXySRto; 65 eH.tzDvmwz.t*D>w>zH;w>rRvXvgvJ

8
t*D>*hR’d.r;vDRI zJySRw‘l.oMRto;vXy’d.tw>rRpXRtcgrh>rRw>rR
’D;vgvJvXt’d;M>0JtylRw>xk;uGmH y’d.w>rRpXRtCdyRS w*Rtph[EJ mk M.
utgxD.M>tDRxJpv h Xttd.wh>M.vDRI t’d = erh>’d;M>w>rRpXRvX[H.zd
CDzdw’l.t*D>wvg 1<200 (ymCkm[H.vJ< rh.tl’D;xHvJ) M.evgvJrh>
M> 1<500 ‘D;ph[EJ mk utgxD.’. 300 M.vDRI b.q.tgwuh>ySRrRw>zd
vXw>rRtCXt*D>wegpdR’d;M>0JtgM> 1<400 b.I w>zH;w>rRwrHRv>
v>vXevJRywHxD.tDRM.tqduwX>oHuG>eRetd.’D;ySReD.odvh.vHm
tk.to;{gI rh>wtd.b.’D;euM>b.w>rRwnDuJmqd;b.I vXM.t
rJmngeub.ohuGJ;ohz;‘D;ohuwdRzH;eH;tusdmwqH;wuh>vDRI
‘l.zdxXzdvXttd.’D;zdM.vXySR 3 = 4 *Rt*D>ph[JEkmrh>wvX0JvXySRrR
w>td.xJw*RtCdt*D> (KELA) uJvgrRpXRySJRphvXtvd. ’ftrh>zdo.
vXtrRvdw>t*D>M.vDRI vXw>tHRtCd’.l zdxXzdtylRySRrh>rRw>cH*R’D;
uM>0J 2<000 tbsJ.’D;uylRzsJ;vXy’d.tw>rRpXR’D;uymzSd.b.0Jpht
bsJ.w’d.wqH;M.vDRI
ySRvXtw>ul.b.ul.ohwtd.wz.t*D>w>rRvXtCX’ftrh>[H.CD
ySRrRw>zd (Housemaid) wz.tg’.wuh>w>[h.tDRvXe.&H.’D;eHRtzD
cd.M.vDRI ySRvXtrRvdohxD.td.’D;twDR (vXzH;eH;usdm) ‘D;rh>uJxD.ySR
xHzud >D zdv’H .vJm< rhwrh>vXzF.pdrRd tywD>’H;b.M.ub.vJR’.vXe.
&H.’D;eHRbl;vJoElM.vDRI ySR[JEmk vDRtd.qd;wz.wkRrRvdusmd tgM>weH.
bsJ.M.b.rRvdto;vXw>zH;w>rRtusdRtuGmtw>ohw>b.’D;M>
b.’.0J’fySRrRvdvHmweHR (8) ,l&dRM.vDRI wrh>e.&H.’D;eHRtvJ’H;b.I
ph[JEkmvXeHRzk.uwD>w>rRtd.0JvXwvd.ohvHmohvJ>td.0JwrHRvDRI zJ
w>ud>cgoh.ol0.o.vXMqX.’f Blue Berry ‘D;w>o.t*Rwz.ySRvX
’J;qg0JvXeD>up>’.0Jr>h *hR< vJRvXcDyeHm’d;vJr>h *hRtd.0JvRD I t0JwrHRtHR
9
wrh>e.&H.’D;eH.tvJb.I zJe’J;oh.o.uM>0JttgtpSRtzDcd.< w>rR
wcgtHRerh>Ckx.H wHRoud;vXtqJ;usX’D;cDyeHm< rhwrh> ySRvX’d;vJyRS rR
w>zd’D;erRM>ohvDRI rh>pSReHRpSRoDtw>rRb.q.erRM>ph ,l&dR 1<000
‘D;tbs.J vDRI rhr>h Strawberry M.td.xJyRS uJ’.d ud;’d;vJw>’D;[h.0J’ef ’J;
w>o.M>0Jtod;tCdpSREGHtuwD>erRM>phwkRvXcHuxd’D;tbsJ. (eD>w
*R) oh0J’D;rh>w>rRM>phtnDuwX>vDRI
t0JtHReub.td.’D;wHRoud;vXt[Jtd.,HmvH’D;oh.ngymySRuJ’d.
Strawberry up>’D;eub.Cko. h ngqdympXR’D;pkzs.J cD.zs.J upD’rD ;’D;uM>
0JvRD I ph[EJ mk ’fo;d tHRwz.rh>phteD.toH;vXtylRzs;J ’D;cdorJG >h *hR’D;wb.
C;w>u*H>’G;xk;uGHmtDReDwrHRb.I
w>CktD.n.td.0JcHuvkm= vXw>ud>cged.ylR< xHusd’D;yD.vJ.wcGJ&H;

vXtysHRtgM>rHxX. 10 M.’ft’d.toGgtod;rh>*hR< pR’D;ySmrh>*hRtd.0J’D;
vHmysv
J X (6) vgt*D> 20 ,l&Rd ’D;qltzDc.d M.vDRI rhr>h wcGpJ zk w
d z.w>t
cdtoGwJ td.eDwrHRb.I (pRvXubDz.D n.M.vDRqD’.w>vDRI) cHuvkm
wuvkmrh>0J< zJw>*d>cgxHrmJ zH;cd.xHvRD ouRxD.0J’;D b.xX.zsx d cH .k o
uRvXtwD.0JtgM> 20 pkrk>’d. (odvh.qH;qH;zdvJRoh) ‘fxHylRzdtvJ>u
b.cHys>’D; wcGJpkzdM.tcdtoGJwtd.eDwrHRb.I ySRvlRwcGJn.’fod;tHR
w>pl;ugyD;vDtgr;vDRI vDrh.tlpJ;zdvXtrRvXRcD.zH;< usJwH;odrh.tlz.
uGmvXu’dtDxHcsDvXurRvXRo;rh>*hR< zDtD.zDtDrh>*hRtCdtgwuh>ySR
b.vJRvXodvh.vXySR’d;ohxJcH*Rwz.M.vDRI x;wylR (vGe)f vXu
bX.zsdxHck.ud>vd.’D;uGgpJwz.w>b.pdmCkm0JvDRI
oh.yS>'D;MqX.w>rJw>rg=
oh.yS> = vXuD>th±SX.’D;tR_zHRuRtxHtuD>wz.M.yS>rh>’.xHuD>y’d.
tw>pkvD>cD.cd.< b.q.,l&yRtxHuD>tgbh.tylRxHuD.y’d.toh.
10
yS>pSR’D;eD>up> rhwrh> cDyeHmtoh.yS>tg0J vDRI uD>zhvJ(ef) tHRcJbXto;
’D;oh.yS> 60 rs;u,RtylRy’d.yXoh.yS>utd.xJ 30 rs;u,R’D; 70 rs;
u,RM.rh>eD>up>yXoh.yS>M.vDRI oh.yS>M.td.wkRvXclylR0h>ylR’D;u0DR
wz.tylRtCdysHRuGDRoh.yS>td.tgwuh>xJupX>xDtvD>’D;0h>csXM.vDRI
oh.vXtv.vg[h’DeH.rh>0Joh.qSdtuvkmuvkmwz.vDRI rhrh>oh.vX
tv.bH.ov.wz.wkRvgpJ;ywhbX.M.tv.vDRq+0’J ;D [J’;d xD.uhR
’.vXvgrm±S;z;zDM.vDRI
w>CktD.CktDvXoh.usg = wkRvgrm±S;vXmvgthjzh.wkRvgpJ;ywh
bX.M.w>rJw>rgtuvkmuvkmwz.tgwuh>ytD.oh0JvDRI qSdtv.
p>zd’.vJmypH>CgtD.’frDRusDRv.qH.ChwpJ;zdvDRI rhrh>bJ&H.o.tvg
Blue Berry ‘D;t*DRwz.ySR[;’J;tD.trJmngrh>tgwcDySRvJRqgtD.oh0J
vDRI vXoh.’d.yS>,dmtylRySR’d.usd.’d.phwz.’d;vJySRunD’D;vJR0J’D;od
vh.’D;pdmCkm0J’J’D;w>tD.M.vDRI
wkRoh.o.wtd.vXRb.M.ukRp;xD.[Jzsd;xD.0JvDRI ukR[JxD.ttg
uwX>zJvgtDuX;< vgpJ;ywhbX.vgcHbh.tylRvDRI oh.v.td.0Jwu
vkmvXtc.xJod;C.C.’D;eDrk>v.’D;w>rRuJxD.tDRvXeDrk>v.Ch
(v.z;Ch) vDRI rhrh>oh.v.td.0Jwuvkm (oh.txH;M.’d.xJod;qSd
b.q.tvJwtd.tn.uykmr;tCdw>’k;uJxD.tDRvXp;cd’JvX0.uJ
xD.vXocgtod;) zJtv.p>tcgycsD xd;tD.tDR’fvXuD>th±SX.oh.*hR’d;
(,if;wdkuf) tod;M.vDRI
rhrh>wkRtyS>xD.wpJ;zdM.w>’J;ymtDR’D;ymzSd.tDRvXw>ck.’X’D;qgtDRvX
zFgwu’d. (utd.wuHvd) wkRvXoX,l&dRM.b.w>pl;ugtDRvXuoH.
uoD = ySRzH;eH;zdwz.wEGHwbsDEkmvDRwtXto;vXvX>ud>o0H’X;ud;0J
(Sauna) 'D;ykmto;vXoh.v.t0JM.wJ0J*hRvXw>wuHy0HM.vDRI [H.
11
ud;zsX.ub.td.’D; Sauna t’X; (vDr.h tlrRud>oG;vX>< yrh>vlvRD xH’;D
to0H[JxD.’fxHcsDoyXRz;’d.tod;) vXySRvJREkmbh.qh’Xw0Hto;t
*D>< wbs,D mH we.&H.C.C.vDRI w>rJw>rgzdvXt[;rJx.D vXus<J oh.
cD.xH;< eD.CXR< xHzdusduX>cd.weDR’fuH;ul;< pDRuyhRzdt‘d;wz.tgr;
vDRI ySRzH;eH;zdwJ0JpDRuyhR’d;M.rlRySRoh< b.q.ySRuD>y,DRzd’J;tD.,w
xH.rlReDw*Rr;vJ.I rhrh>uH;ul;wz.rJxD.cVr;’D;tv.yS>xD.cVr;vDRI
xd.zdvH.zd= q.zduD>zdwz.td.tguvkm’D;yxH.b.tDRtgwuh>xJ
w>ud>tuwD>{dRvDRI b.q.w>}wD0JvXw>zD.tDR< rRoHtD.tDRcJvXm
ymCkm’D;xd.zdvH.zdwz.vDRI t’d = pdm0.C;wz.rh>[JtD.ewbho.
vXeol.tDRM.erh>rRoH0HRymclol.tDRM.wbH.b.I usJ’D;w>vD>weDRcJ
r&>td.qDvRD clo.l to;’d0’J ;D eub.wl>pht.D vD;< xd.wbh.ph (40) ,l
&dRvDRI ewcGJn.tcgxd.‘h.rHRwz.[JvlRewcGJM.eb.Cgzsd;’fM.vDRI
rh>xdvRD xHusgvlRtD.xd;uvJm’D;rh>bs;vXewcGMJ . (40) ,l&Rd vDRI y’Jw
’kt*D>rh>0J (50) ,l&dRvDRI
vXw>tHRtCdusdvXw>c;q.zduD>zdt*D>y.Ckm0J’D;vHmysJtd.’D;w>od.
w>oDvXec;ohw>vD>rwR< xd.< ‘D;q.zduD>zd’ftuvkm’.0Jtod;< vX
tuwD>’D;tvD>’.0JtrJmnge[;c;w>egpdRwohb.I xG.H ’D;o.rH,RD vX
w>bk.tJ.*mtDRwz.w>whvDRqDM>tuydRzdvXzFgylRtCdySRrh>vJRrlR
xG.H vXusw
J z.b.pdmCkmzs;pwh;’XzdvXxG.H th.t*D>< ‘D;txG.H rh>th.qg
b.zXEkm0JvXw>wC.‘XvXusJuyRM.vDRI
vXq.zduD>zdt*D>w>uwDRwz.td.0JtCdq.zduD>zdwz.w>b.yOR
M.vDRI vHmysv
J XweH.t*D>weH.t*D>’fov
d .h td.’D;vHmyst
J od;w>tcdoJG
td.’fx.HG wuvkmt’d.tod;tzDc.d vDRI wRtk;wRoG.D < wRol< bD.od.
vX w>rRtywD>wz.td.’D;cdoGJ rhwrh> vHmysJ’ftuvkm’.0JvDRI
12
w>pl;ugvDrh.vdusdRyD;vDwz.
uD>zhvJ(ef)tHR[h.w>cGJ;w>,mvXvXySJRySJRvXw>upl;ugb.vDrh.< vD
usdRyD;vD’D;w>qJ;usd;yD;vD‘D;tusdRtuGmwz.vDRI ‘fw>cGJ;w>,m[h.t
o;vXvXySRJ ySRJ tod;rl’gvXw>u[h.cdot JG *D>ph>uD;b.w>ymvDRtDRvDR
wH>vDRqJ;M.vDRI w>[h.cGJ;,mvXw>pl;ugySmbs;pJw>rRtyD;vD’D;tvD
usdRvDuGm’fvDwJpdvXuD>’GJ< uD>csX< ySmbs;pJvDrh.yD;vD’D;vDrh.bH;p.
(Electronic Visa) vXw>pl;ugvXw>xk;< qSXus. d phr>h *hR< vDusRd w>qgw>
yOR (Online Sales and Purchases) td.vXySRud;*Rt*D>vDRI vXw>tHRt
CduRJG [lzsgwzsX.t*D>weH.t*D>< (6)vgt*D>’D;cHvgt*D>w>ymyeD.vHmysJ
tyORxJod;’D;ySmbs;pJyD;vDwzsX.tvHmysJtyORC.C.M.vDRI oEl’ftHR
td.0JvX,l&yRtxHuD>cJvXmC.C.tylRvDRI
odvh.wz.vJRuhRvXuD>wbh.’D;wbh.rh>*hR< vXxHvD>uD>ylRrh>*hRw>
eJ.usJyD;vD’fodvh.’d;vJtrHxX.ymzsgodvh.tvJvXw>’h.pXRtzDcd.t
od;yD;vDtd.0JcHuvkm = wXwuvkmM.wcsK;odvh.[;xD.qD.vDR0Jw>
vD>w>usJvXuvJR0J0HRp;xD.vXodvh.[;xD.’D;wkRtwkRvXw>vD>vX
tb.w>ymyeD.tDRM.ys>zdwbh.’k;eJ.0JusJvXu0DRt[D.cd.*DRtvdR
M.vDRI cHuvkmwuvkmM.td.’D;vDwJpdw>uwdRtoD.vXteJ.vDR0Je
vJRzJM.< pkph.< pkxGJ< w>rEkRutd.zJerJmng (‘frh.eJ.usJ< usJtrHR< w>
vD>trHR) 0HR’D;wkRrh>ewkRCDRvXew>vD>’D;wJb.eR< ?cJtRH ewkRvXew>
vJRtvD>vH‘D;ywkm0JvDRI w>eJ.usJ[D.cd.*DRvXxHvD>uD>ylRt*D>wcg
tyORtd.0Jtuvkmuvkmp;xD.,l&dR (100 =200) b.q.rhrh>vXvDwJ
pdwcDtyORwpSRM> 350 ,l&dRb.I
xHuD>w>uok.uoH;'D;w>td.rlb.xGJ
xHuD>td.ol.vDRo;’D;tw>uok.uoH;b.xGJ = ‘f[D.cd.*DRymzsg0Jt
od;uD>zhv(J ef)tHRtd.ol.vDRto;zJr>k xD.rlx;H yedx&D RD (Generally East
13
Longitude) (22 = 32 ‘H>u&H.) uql;’D;uvHRpd;rlx;H yed (Norh Lattitude)
‘H>u&H. 62 = 70uql;tCdu>D ’Dwbh.ngvDRb.0JvXuvHRpd;w>ck.vD>
u0DRtylRvXmvXmqhqhM.vDRI w>qXuwD>eDRz;vDRto;vGH>uwD> =
w>*d>xD.oD = Autumn
w>*d>xD.oDo.h v.vDR[D.cd.ySRJ oh.v.bDb<D oh.v.bDbo D bS’J <J xd.
zdv.H zdo;k vD>ok;usv
J RD I uwD>tHRrh>0Jzv
J gpJ;ywhbX.wkRvDRvged.0hbX.
tuwX>vDRI
w>*d>cg = Winter
w>*d>cguwD>w>ck.’d.r;< rlcd.zDvDR0guz;< q.zduD>zdvXvhylRw>*d>t
o;’D;td.clo.l 0JvRD I uwD>tHRrh>0Jzv
J g’H.pJbX.wkRvDRvXvgzhR-bLRtg
&H.vXmM.vDRI
w>ud>xD.oD = Spring
w>ud>xD.oDM.[D.cd.Chb.q.eD.rJx.D vg[h< [D.cd.ySRJ ’D;oH.{dRzD{Rd
’D;ol.vDRzs;vDRw>ohoDoDbSXM.vDRI uwD>tHRrh>0JzJvgrm±S; wkRvDRvg
rhRvXmM.vDRI
w>ud>cg = Summer
w>ud>cgM.w>wud>wplRb.I ol.vDRzs;vDRw>oukRvDRI ukRwz.zsd;
xD.jy;jy;’D;oh.o.xD.oukRq;’;vDRI w>ud>cgtHRrlc.d plRp;xD.vg,lR
wkRvDRqlvgtDuX;tvXmvDRI
vXuD>zhvJ(ef)tylRw>uok.uoH;b.w>ymyeD.tDRwusJCD’D;,l&yR’D
bh.tw>ymyeD.tuwD>vGH>uwD>M.vDRI
‘feRH ’D;eRtw>ud>w>ck.pDRpkRvdmto;’d.0Jtod;w>ud>cgtw>ud>ql.u
14
wX>td.0J 26 = 30 ‘H>u&H.pJwh.-uh;’D;w>*d>cgtw>ud>eD.xd.vDR0Jql
(0 ‘H>u&H.) tzDvm ( 0< = 20< = 31 ‘D; = 32 ‘H>u&H.pJwH.-uh;tCdw>
*d>cgtuwD>[H.CD< w>ol.xD.wz.tylRpJ;rRvXRw> Heater wz.b.
w>rRud>xD.tDRvXvDr.h tl’;D w>ymtDRzJe.D xd. 20 wkR 22 ‘H>u&H.pJw.H
-uh;vXt-uX;0J’D;ySRtd.0JurkmuvXRt*D>M.vDRI
zJypDRzDvDR0JtuwD>M.tgwuh>weHRypDRzDvDRtwD.td.0J 10 = 50 pJ
xHrHxX.tCdodvh.w&DmypDRzDwz.b.rRysDusJrk>usJbd’D;[H.u&X>w
z.weHRwbsw D Rk oXbsMD .vDRI rlc.d zDwz.tHRwb.qdurd.vXt0guzD
vDvDRtD.vDRtDw*hRI uD>,l&yRtxHuD>ud;bh.C.C.pJ;zDu[.’D;od
vh.< vh.rh.tl< ubD’D;ubD,lRtg0J*D>0JtCdrlcd.zDtHRwkReym,GRvDR
uGHmtxHM.odtcsgololvXtrh>c.bd.td.zsg0JtgupD’DvDRI
w>uwDReD>up>w>td.ql.td.cV
b.weHRySRrkyS>zdutd. 40 eH.w*R[JEkmql,’X;ylRcDzsdtoud;w*R[J
qSXtDRM.vDRI wqh.eDR0JewD bs;b.< tDxw
H cG;’D;pH;0J< ?,ub.[;us<J
uoH.o&.wJ,RvX,ub.[;usJweHRtpSRuwX> 45 rH;eH;vDRI t
0Jrh>ySR[JvXxg(rf)[h.ySRb.uDb.cJ’Ju0DR< [JwkRzJzhvJ(ef)zJ’. 2008
eH.z;zDtHRvDRI ttd.’D;qH.qXtCduoH.o&.eJ.vDRtDR’fM.vDRI
vXuD>wbh.tHRtylR*DR (7) e.&H.’D;wkRvXrk>wcsK;xl.b.M.yxH.b.

ySR[;usJ< vXtusgweDRzHzko;yS> (70) eH.’D;tzDcd.[;usJ’D;eD.xd;bdcH
bd< ySRo;p>wz.tgwuh>vXuFdys>< w>rRys>tuwD>’d;vh.,D> rhwrh>
puH;ud;eHR’J;< vXw>*d>uwD>rh>*hR< w>ud>uwD>rh>*hRvDRI xHu>D wbh.tHR
w>ud>cgeHRxD< eRzk. (rk>[JxD.*DRcD 3 e.&H.’D;rk>vDREkmvXz;zDrk> 11;30
e.&H.’D;vXz;zDrk> 12 e.&H. = *DR 3 e.&H.M.w>uyDRrSH’.w>wkRw>u
yDR*hR*hRM.vDRI w>*d>cgwcDeRxD< eHRzk.< rk>[JuyDRxD.’.zJ*RD cD 10 e.&H.
15
‘D;[g 2;40 e.&H.w>cH;vDR’f[g 7 e.&H.vXtH.cUxX.vD>u0DRtod;M.
vDRI ySRvJRzH;vJRrRw>< [;us[
J ;l *JRvXte.&H.’.0JvXvDr.h tltw>u
yDRtylRM.vDRI
w>[;usJtHRrh>uoH.rR*hRyw>td.ql.td.cVwrHRtCd’fySRzH;eH;zdwz.
nDE>k rR0Jtod;M.ySREkmvDRtd.qd; (vDRqD’.w>ySRuD>y,DRzd) wz.ph>uD;
rRnDEk>to;vXw>[;usJ’ftrh>w>rR[l;*JRyeD>cduh>*DRtnDuwX>wrHR
tod;M.vDRI ySRzH;eH;zdwz.[;u,Du,Dwohb.I yxH.b.vXySRo;yS>
60 = 70 eH.wz.’.vJmw[;u;uXu;uXeDw*Rb.I rhrh>ySRvXpkcD.
w*hRwz.[;vXvh.y. rhwrh> vh.qD.vXtup>qD.’.0Jwz.’D;rhrh>
ySRpk’D;cD.cJvXm[l;0;wohwz.rR0JvXvh.y.wuvkmvXtqh.eDR0J’D;
tl&DbX.uzdvdzdvXtudmylR’D;vJRw> (ywkm0Johph>uD;) vXusJvXtvJR
oCJR’D;odvh.usJ (cl0h>< ‘lo0DtusJcJvXmcHbdoCJRto;< wbdvXod
vh.’D;wbdvXySRunD’D;vh.,D>< vh.y.wuvkmuvkmt*D>) M.vDRI
y0JunDzdvXuD>y,DRtxloEl= td.0JwrHRvDRqD’D;ySRcJvXmrh>0J< ?CDR

o.uk/ M.vDRI ySRtd.0Jtg*RvXtoh.ngwl>b.pkqXcD.qXw>ck.’D;u
vHRuvDtw>rRwHmwmvXt’k;td.xD.pkwu;cD.wu;< zH;vmn.vm
(vDRqD’.w>cD.ngcd.’D;cD.rd&<d cD.vdRCH< cD.’k.o.wz.) qg< qJ;CJ;<
th.xk;’ftRH wz.udRvR0g’Du>G vXe>’D;< ‘du>G vX Xray Ck0w J b.< ,g0J
wbsgb.tCdySRvXtwl>b.w>qg’ftHRwz.b.Ck’.tuoH.’.0J
vXrd>y>zHzrk R,kRySRvXt,D>CDRo.ukM.vDRI zJ,oHu>G wHRoud;vX (cJ
tHRtd.0J) uD>uF.D wJ.rh>*hR< uD>y,DRrh>*hR< ?ypkycD.wu;< th.xk;yurR
’fvJ.I/ ,’d;M>’.w>pH;qXvX< ?,D>CDRo.uk/ vDRI rh>0JwD0Jord;vDRI
wcsK;rHM.,,D>tDR 30 = 40 rH;eH;pSRoD’D;oh.ngb.tpXcVcVvDRI b.
q.w>uX.yo;< ywrRtDRb.qXb.uwD>uD;b.M.yuwJqlng’f
vJ.I
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0DRvDRI vX[H.ylRwrh>w>vDRqDoemuhwkRe[;xD.w>csXM.zsD.cHub.
td.0JvXtus;to;’D;en.’fyRS vdmuGzJ u
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xXuvXR0JtCdq;to;’D;w>uH;nmtwD.vXtzDcd.’D;tol’feJ.vd.
J m (*Gr;f uyf) wblwwD.b.q;wH>t
rhwrh> owd>’D;cHcgtbX.pXRwDx,
o;M.vDRI rhrh>qhuRwcDtgwuh>uRvk.bJpkxD (pGJ;wX. rhwrh> xH±SX;pk
xDvXqhuRtzDvm’fqhuRoUtzDcd.0HRw>csXqhuRwbh.xDbdvDRI
w>csXqhuRtHRnDEk>w>q;tDR’fywJvXzsD.cHq;to;oXuxXtod;< t
zDc.d uwX>wuxXM.w>q;0JvXw>zH; rhwrh> w>uH;nmvXtwD.’D;t
n.wHRwz.vDRI w>zs.D qhuR0HR’D;cD.zs.D < cD.zH;< pkzs.D ’D;cd.zs.D (vXtbX
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uRtzDcd.uwX>wbh.M.tgwuh>ym’D;cd.zsD.vXttd.zsgoXeX.to;
vXzHb.cd. rhwrh> pJ0J’D; (Zip) xDrlto;td.0JvDRI
zdo.vXttd. 2 eH.zdM.w>ud>cg[;’d;vh.,D>vXtvDRCHRwoh (tcD.

y.qH;zdcHcDvXtvD>cHty.cDuyR) [;ydmrd>y>tcHM.vXw>*d>cgypDRzDu
wD>rd>< y>[;wGH>tDRvXw>bh.b.zd’fye>wGH>oh.bh.b.vXpHmysDylR (pGyf
zg;) tod;vDRI w>rh>ck.vXo;yS>t*D>b.q.zdo.t*D>uJvXw>rkmb.
tDRwcDvDRI teD>’d.zdwz.[;’d;x;bh.b.z;xDvDR*m’D;’D.ugo.
(a=umifv#moD;) utd.tvJ> 3 pkr>k ’d.’D;txDt.d 2 = 3 cD.,D> (ySReD>’d.
’d;0J’;D rh>w>vdmuGv
J X Winter sport wuvkmM.vDRI) [;vXus<J vDRqD’.
w>upX>uyRusJxD.vDRwz.tgr;vDRI
ySRuD>y,DRzd< ySRuvkm*RvXtwnDE>k ’D;puH;tuvkmuvkmwz.rR0Jr>h

wohb.q.tzdvXtxD.uFdohwz.tgwuh>w>od.vdtDR’fod;xd.t
o;’D;ySRzH;eH;zduoht*D>M.vDRI
17
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uD>zhvJ(ef)tylRcl0h>tvD>u0DR (‘f’lo0D) wz.tylRw>ymvDRql.cV’D;ySR
*h>0Dw>rRb.xGJt’X;td.0JtvD>M.’lo0Dw>tD.0JRvD>td.qDvDRto;
M.vDRI w>tD.0JRvD>wz.[;xXzSd.M>0Ju,J>w>tD. w>tD’ftrh>w>’d;
w>v.< ud.tuvkmuvkm< w>zH;w>n. (tgwuh>td.’.xd;ySmH pH>wD.
(Sausages) wz.vXteHRoDb;l uvXmwz.wEGM H .w>eDR[h.ySR[H.zdCzD d
rk>q.eHR< rk>ysJReHR’D;rk>zDz; (Mon, Wed, Fri) ‘D;[H.zdCDzdvXtph[JEkmw
td.< vgvJwtd.wz.cHEGHe[Jxk;xD.b.0JwbsDM.vDRI
ySRvXttd.’D;vgvJwz.w>w[h.0Jb.I b.q.yySRuD>y,DRzdweDRym
qH;w>[h.0JtRH ’D;wvJRxk;xD.tD.0Jb.M.td.ph>uD;vDRI eD>w*RvJR[H;
w>M.w>[h.tcGJ;vXpkcHcDxX.cHzsX.zJtpdmM>< b.q.xX.rh>’d.wvX
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bl;w>*d>uwD>oh.v.ChvDRvXm0JzJypDRzDu[JvDR0J’D;w>ud>eD.xd.vDR
wkR (0 ‘H>u&H.) ‘D;bl;xD.vHM. (vgtD;uxdbX.) wbs<D ‘D;zJvgthjz.h z;
zDoh.v.’D;eD.{dRrHR{dR< zD{dRoH.{dR[Jbd.xD.z;xD.tcgM.< weH.cHbsD
xHuD>’Dbh.< [H.u&X>rRuqSDcGJod.cGJysDw>’D;w>yD;w>vDvXw>wo;vD
ud;rHRb.w>wXRuGmH tDRvXw>wC.odv.h ’Xz;’d.tylRvDRI uluR< vD>
qh.eDR< [H.yD;vD< uGJR[lzsg< cD.zFLxX.< vDrh.yD;vDwz.b.w>wXRzSd.
uGHmtcg< ySRvXtw>wtd.w,XR’fySRtod;vJR[H;M>tDRohvDRI
zJ 2005 eH.vgtD;uxdbX.,vJRxXM>uGRJ [lzsgwzsX.’D; cD.zFLxX.trDeH

xX.wzsX.,qX.oXb.tDRweH.C.C.wkRvX,yORtoDM>0JwpkvDRI
pJ;q;w>tcd. (vDrh.tuvkmb.q.rDRx.wy.b.) wzsX.,q;uG>
18
tDRvXpkohtCd,wD.xD.tDRvXoh.wvgz;’d.wzsX.0HR,ul;wJmM>
zdo.vdmuGt J odv.h tcd.td.’D;t0.M.,xDx.D ysRH ’D;q;w>< cJtRH td.
cHe.H vHI twdR*hRr;vDRI pJ;,D>cD.tvD>vHRqgto;vXw>vD>vHRtus;w
zsX.,l&dR 100 bsJ.ng< rhrh>vDrh.pJ;q;w>toDwzsX. 200 ,l&dRqltzD
cd.b.q.rRw>xJo;d ’.’D;,pJ;eDwbSzJ w d zsX.tHRvDRr;vJ.I rhr>h vXus;
qg[H.yD;vDM.wXRuGHmw>vXw*hRwusXRwz.vXtzsgoD’.w>M.ySRw
eDRvJRxXM>0JvXodvh.trJmwqS;r;vJ.I
rhr>h ,J,odv.h wtd.tCd,xXM>vh.qD.zdo.< ,bh.uGmH zdo.trHeRD

t’XcJvXm0HR,’gvDRoh.b.,vJR[H;M>w>wXRuGHmvX,pl;ugoh’D;uJ
bsK;tgrHRtrJmngvX,w>ol.w>zs;t*D>,qD.xHvXuzSd.w>’d;w>
v.t*D>xH}wD>tugv.wqHbsJ.ngvDRI w>oh.wz.tHRrh>w>uJbsK;
tgrHRb.q.erh>rJmqS;wcD< ephuvXmuvDuvDvDRr;vJ.I
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qXuoH.vX,zdwz.ttd.’D;zJ 2006 eH.M.,zdrk.w*RqSXM>trd>vX
uoH. (10) u;’D;,vJR[H;M>xk;xD.tDRvXcdoyJG eHm’X; (Custom House)
‘D;w>’l,R’D;pH;0J< ?uoH.uoDw>}wDtRD M.ewoh.ngb.{gI/ ,wJtRD
vX,woh.ngb.tCd,rRvdmvX,zdwz.ttd.vDRI ,[JuhRwkR
’D;,qJ;us;d zdwz.vXuD>oXbh.wbh.ud;*RvXw>}wDuoH.uoDu;d rHR
tCdqSXM>okrdokyguoH.eDwrHRw*hRI
pSRvgtvD>cH< ,zdrk.vXt’d.w*RrRu’D;vHI qSXM>,RunDqhuR< t

xX.wz.tylRuoH.udRvRvJvJySRb.rlb.’gw*RwJ,R< ?t0JtHRcH
bsDwbsDvH< tuwX>vXe*D>vDRI/ vDRo;qgwbDeDII ,o;utd.EGHqH
bl;xD.< eJetd.’.xJ,vHRzdto;vDRI ?wD;IIIII/ ,[JuhRvXusJ,w
19
usmrRxgxH; ?wD;IIwD;IIwD;II/vDRI
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vXtrJ&uRw*RqSXph>uD;M>,RwMo.’D;w0HmwbJb.< qSX0JM.uCX
0J 2 yD> (13I6 yD.) bsJ.vDRI
,uG>v>wMo.tusu J ’D;vHI (tylRuGmH pSRoDt.D wMo.wvXm’H;b.I

pkmqH.to;tzX) ‘D;zJ 26 oDteHRvHmvXub.xk;xD.t*D>[JvXvRbR
(vHmwX;) trHRupD’DI b.q.vXtzDvmwcDtd.’D;yeHmcdoGJ (Custom
House) tw> pJyeD.u’D;tCdoh.ngvXb.xH;u’D;vHI zdw&XrRw>I
,o;b.zS.D ’d.vJ.I/ ,uG>vDRvHmtHR,o;CX< ,o;ok.<zH;wuk.’D;
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vXRxD.’D;,o;uql.xD.,J>yFgzdIII/,w>rkyS>qD.uGHm,R< ?,we>[l
bleDwbsDvXySRo;ued;’D;ezd;[ktDRbsgr;vJ.I/
,uhRql,’X;< ,zD.xD.cHb;D < ,’hvmd uG<J rRrkmrRql.xD.,o;0HR< ul

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?tD.tDIIIypH;yysHRw>r;yrgCh>o’.ySR< wvDRqD’D;ydmcGgCh>o’.uGHmt
w>tJ.wDzJwRol[Jtcgr;vJ.IIII/ ,o;0H.xGJ< ?IIIymwh>,R,w
ud>IIIeCh>o’.,R,wud>I ew>zd’ftHRrh>’.w>egpdRII/ 0HR,cgxD.,
cD.u,D,Dql ?w>rReXRzDwX.I/ wrh>b.IIqlw>rJmud>egud>tvD>vDRI
zJ,EkmvDRcdoGJyeHm’X;M.rl’gcd.w*RuG>CDR,vHmuh’D;Ch,RvXeD>up>
vHmtk.o;vXttd.’D;cd.*DRwrHRrHR’D;,pH;b.tDRtd.wh>vX[H.0HRt0J
rX,[Ju’D;vXvgrk>eHRylRwoDM.vDRI w[gtHRrh>rk>,J>eHR[g’D;,oh.
20
ngvX,zdrk.vXtqSXM>,Rw>w*RtHRupH;qX,RvDwJpdwnDb.I rh>
vXt0Jrh>ySRvDRw>rRvXrk>eR’D;uD>trJ&uRwcDuwD>0JM.rh>*DRcD 7 e.
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zhvJ(ef)M.[g 4 e.&H.) r;,oHuG>tDR’D;,oh.ngb.vXtqSXw>M.pH;
b. Labour ySRrRw>zdvXbH.w.rH.w>tD.tCdw>oD.tvdRvHmrJmzsX.
Vitamin td.uG;J vDRo;’D;zhv(J ef)vHmwX;wcDe>yX>0JvXttd.’D;uoH.u
oDtCdw>bd.tHRuJxD.w>*h>uDvX Custom House ‘D;,Rtuql;vDRI
t0JtHRrh>w>tJ.’d;’k;oh.ngb.ySRz;w>zdvXuymo;b.C;vHmwX;t
w>od.w>oDvXxHuD>wbh.’D;wbh.tw>od.w>oDtd.o;t*h>vDRI
w>ol.w>zs;'D;th±SX.w>rJw>rg
w>ol.w>zs;vXuvHRpd;[D.pd;vD>u0DR (North Pole Region) w’fo;d vdm
to;’D;w>ud>vD>u0DR (Tropical Region) eDwpJ;b.I w>ck.’d.0JtCdo.h
vXtrJxD.vXw>ud>vD>u0DRwz.w>ol.tDRzJtHRwM>b.I w>rJw>rg
ud;rHR’fw>’d;w>v.wz.vXyol.tD.tDRvXw>ud>vD>u0DRwz.w>ol.
tDRvXrJmxHuvR[H. rhwrh> [H.vg[h (Glass House or Green House)
tylRvDRI rh>vX[H.vg[hwz.M.tvJyRl td.’D;pJ;xk;xD.w>ud> (Heater)
‘D; w>uXRCmw>ud>eD.xd. 23 = 25 ‘H>u&H.vXw>rk>w>bdr0l u J oht*D>
tCd[H.’ftHRwz.[h.xD.cJ.bd.’J.tD;pJ;(Carbondioxide)’D;c.bd.
(Carbon) tCdw>wqDvDRtDRvX0h>ud;zsX.< w>vD>ud;ylR'J;b.I
w>qDvDRtDR’fMqX.cd.CXRu&X[h.tDRvHmysJ (Permit) M.vDRI w>vXm

bl.vXmphRtg0JtCdtgwuh>w>ol.’.zDwz.’D;w>’d;w>v.pSR0JtCd
uD>zhvJ(ef)tHRb.qSXEkm (Import) w>’d;w>v.< oh.ol0.o.vXuD>csX
tgwuh>vDRI w>vX[H.vg[hM.w>whtDRtgwuh>u0DRrhwrh>(8) eX.’f
od;w>ud>w>ck.’D;uvHRuvJRw&H;to;zd;vdmt*D>M.vDRI zJ[H.vg[h
tylRtHR’.vJmoh.xH;0.bdvXtrJx.D vXw>ud>vD>u0DRwz.w>wol.
21
tDR}uD}uDb.< w>txl.vXt’d.txDph>uD;wtd.b.I
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p>vXttd.’D;oh.yS>wz. ol.bkuFL.tuvkmuvkm< ‘fbkbgvh.rh>*hR<
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td.0Jb.I uD>zhv(J ef)tHR[D.cd.rJmzH;cd.yXR,kmz;vJ>wtd.'ft±h XS .uvHR
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rh.tltust J .d 0JvXcdocl .d tod;ubD< csw
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0.o.cDyeHmz;’d.wz.rRw>vXphrd>yS>t’d.trk>td.0Jtod;ySRzSD.zdvX
tusd.tph< t[D.cd.uyHmwtd.’fySR[JEkmtd.qd;wz.uol.tD.zs;
tD.w>ud>cgus;D w>’d;w>v.t*D>< rFL.eH.pyJ.t[D.cd.vDRyszD vd Xttd.
120 » 120 rHxX.tylReDRvDR0Jtu0DRzd 100 bsJ.vXtvJ> 10 » 10 rH
22
xX.vX’l.zdxXzdw’l.t*D>’D;oXvgt*D>[H;M>0J 12 ,l&dRvDRI
wkRrh>vgrhRbl;uvXmM.< rFL.eH.pyJ.[JrRys<D xJ. uzDx.D M>0J[.D cd.tHR

0HRwD>vDR0JeD.*H>twX.zdvX[D.cd. 10 »10 rHxX.tcX.o;0HRwX.qH;
qH;zdvXuysRJ eD.[D.cd.vG>H eX.t*D>’D;< tgwuh>< vgrhR 25 = 31 oDteHR
td;xD.0JvXySRol.w>zduEkmvDR0Jt*D>vHvDRI ySRol.w>zdwz.tHRb.
[h.qdymtrHRqlySRb.rlb.’gttd.’D;ySRvD>vHRvXtrh>wh>0JvXeH.ylR
uGHmM.rh>tJ.’d;rRuhR[D.cd.tvD>vD>vXtrR0JM.b.wJb.qdySRb.rl
b.’gM.vDRI
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usJvXySRvh>vdRt*D>zJed.uX>cd.uElRM.vDRI zJeHRobVEGHuwX>rk>eHRw
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23
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(Afganistan) wz.tgwuh>vDRI
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24
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tyORbl;xD.vXtu,R< yyORwM>b.’D;w>wqgvDRzSH.tDR 2 = 3 ys>
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Material Mart) z;’d.wz.{dRtylRvDRI zko;yS>zhu&hvJRql[H.CDyD;vDt
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,mrk>,mzVw*hR) wHmwmwqH;wpSRb.I pJ;,D>cD.vXeup>whM>tDRvX
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wu;bXtDR’f,ymzsgvXx;tod;) td.oXvgbsJ.pGgxD.uD;0J 2 ys>bsJ.I
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tzDvmohxJod;xg(rf)[h.t’JwzsX.zsg’f’d(rf) (Dome) wzsX.tod;zJ,
25
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o.wzsX. 10 pJ;< qHqJ.w,l&dR’kIItrk> 200 tHR’kIII erh>wuJxD.oxh
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w>td.zS.d zdIII[J.[J.IIIcGo
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,b.[;CkwX.uDuD< ,b.yORysJRx;oGJvXm 30 ,l&dRbsJ.II,b.q;
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okwvDR< qJ;b.tDDRwnDnDzdb.vDRI zJ,bh.vDRuGHmw>M.0HR Dome
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26
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27
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30
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80

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