SKETCH UP!

SUBJECT: TECHNOLOGY

TOPIC: SKETCH

CONTENT AIMS:
1. What is Descriptive Geometry?
2. Principles of Descriptive Geometry: Space, Point, Line, Side, Angle and many
more.
3. Shapes: regular ones, polygons.
4. No more mathematical abstractions: polygons around you.
5. Learning how to represent different basic volumes using the orthogonal
projections (TOP, FRONT, SIDE): just drawing.
6. Learning how to represent different basic volumes using the orthogonal
projections (TOP, FRONT, SIDE): using SketchUp, a 3D modeling software
that's easy to learn and incredibly fun to use.
7. Isometric projection.
8. Scale factor.

LANGUAGE AIMS:

1. To learn specific vocabulary.

2. To learn mathematical vocabulary.
3. To learn grammatical structures if I were… then I would see… (Subjunctive,
Conditional).
4. To learn grammatical structures if I had… then I would be a… (Subjunctive,
Conditional).
5. Adverbs, prepositions that denote place.
6. Fruits: some fruit, a piece of…

INTRODUCTION TO DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY

Descriptive Geometry is the study of space, or to be more exact, it is the study of

objects in space and their position and orientation relative to each other.
When we think of the term “space” we think of the region beyond the Earth's
atmosphere, space ships, stars, planets and the infinite open expanse that is our Solar
System.

But this not strictly the only type of space, Space is all around us. Space is defined as
open area, or areas, that are not occupied by any physical objects. As you look around,
areas that seem to contain nothing can be referred as areas of space.

As we know, there are only three dimensions to space, or to objects in space, height,
width and depth. Movement can be described using a combination of only 3 possible
directions - vertically (up or down) laterally (left or right) and laterally at right angles to
side movement (backwards or forwards).

It is this three dimensional space that surrounds us and the relationship of objects
positioned within that space that we will be dealing with in this lesson.

EXERCISE 1.

Warm up: let’s remember some words:

Space, dimension, height, width, depth, point, line, angle, free-form shape, polygon…

REGULAR POLYGONS

Triangle, Square, Pentagon, Hexagon, Pentagon, Octagon, Nonagon, Decagon,

Hendecagon, Dodecagon... circumference, ellipse.

Your trick: Greek+polyGON (ANGLE, CORNER).

EXERCISE 2.

Take a look…
 sides
If I had NUMBER I would be a/an POLYGON
angles
EXERCISE 3.

How many squares can you see?

EXERCISE 4.

Warm up: let’s remember some words:

Below, Above, Over, Near, By, Rear, In front, Opposite, Behind, Front, Top, Base,
Side…

EXERCISE 5.

Let’s use orthogonal projections: TOP, FRONT, SIDE.

Do you know which buildings are these? And which projection are we using in each
case?

in front of top
NAME OF
above front
If I was THE this would be the view
side by the side side
BUILDING
of
EXERCISE 6.

Now, let’s sketch some geometrical figures:

in front of
If I was above this one I would see
side by the side of
EXERCISE 7.

Use the software SketchUp to draw the figures of EXERCISE 6.

ISOMETRIC PROJECTION

Isometric projection is a method for visually representing three-dimensional objects in

two dimensions in technical and engineering drawings. It is a projection in which the
three coordinate axes appear equally foreshortened and the angle between any two of
them is 120 degrees.
SCALE FACTOR

In Geometry, uniform scaling is a linear transformation that enlarges (increases) or

shrinks (diminishes) objects by a scale factor that is the same in all directions:

SCALE FACTOR = MODEL MEASURE : ORIGINAL MEASURE

The result of uniform scaling is similar to the original.

A scale factor of 1 is normally allowed. Uniform scaling happens, for example, when
enlarging or reducing a photograph, or when creating a scale model of a building, car,
airplane, etc.

When the scale factor is larger than 1, (uniform or non-uniform) scaling is sometimes
also called dilation or enlargement. When the scale factor is a positive number smaller
than 1, scaling is sometimes also called contraction.

Scales may be expressed in words (a lexical scale), as a ratio, or as a fraction. Examples

are:

'one centimetre to ten centimetres' or 1:10 or 1/10

'one meter to 8 meters' or 1:8 or 1/8
'one meter to 1 meter' or 1:1 or 1/1
'ten meters to 1 meter' or 10:1 or 10/1