ilia WavWavaZis saxelmwifo universiteti

mecnierebaTa da xelovnebis, filosofiisa da socialur mecnierebaTa

fakultetebi

turizmis menejmentis centri

turopereitingi _
saqmianobis organizacia

I nawili _
turopereitingis safuZvlebi

(damxmare saswavlo-meToduri masala

e. ilinas wignis `turopereitingi~ mixedviT)

Tbilisi
2006 weli
winamdebare damxmare saswavlo-meToduri saxelmZRvanelo gankuTvnilia
ilia WavWavaZis saxelmwifo universitetis mecnierebaTa da xelovnebis,
filosofiisa da socialur mecnierebaTa fakultetebis turizmis
menejmentis mimarTulebis studentebisaTvis.
wignSi gamoyenebulia turizmis msoflio organizaciis masalebi, mimdinare
periodisaTvis saqarTveloSi da sazRvargareT gamocemuli Sesabamisi
literatura, romlebic gadamuSavda universitetis mier damtkicebuli
saswavlo gegmisa da programis Sesabamisad.
turopereitingis safuZvlebSi damxmare saswavlo-meToduri
saxelmZRvanelos momzadeba da gamocema CvenTvis Sesabamisi Tematuri
literaturis miznobrivi gadamuSavebis pirveli cdaa da igi dazRveuli ar
iqneba calkeuli naklovanebebisagan. Cven siamovnebiT miviRebT da
yuradRebiT ganvixilavT yvela winadadebas, romelic Seexeba meToduri
masalis Sinaarssa Tu formas.
masalebi Sekriba, gadaamuSava da winamdebare saxiT gamosacemad moamzada
koba arabulma – universitetis mecnierebaTa da xelovnebis, filosofiisa
da socialur mecnierebaTa fakultetebis turizmis menejmentis centris
direqtori.

2
3
sarCevi

I nawili
Tavi I. 3
turopereitingis safuZvlebi 3
1.1 turoperatoris saqmianobis cneba (gageba) da saxeebi 3
1.2. mimzidveli turistuli produqtis Seqmna 11
1.3 momsaxurebis klasi 16
1.4. momsaxurebis paketi 17
1.5 turis proeqtireba 23
1.6 momsaxurebis programa 28
1.7 momsaxurebis momwodeblebi 33
1.8 turis dagegmva. saxelSekrulebo gegma 39
1.9 molaparakebebi momsaxurebis momwodeblebTan (partniorebTan) 43
1.10 momsaxurebis momwodeblebTan xelSekrulebis gaformeba. 47
 xelSekruleba turoperatorebs Soris 47
 xelSekruleba sastumrosTan 49
 xelSekruleba kvebis obieqtTan 52
 xelSekruleba avtosatransporto organizaciebTan 52
 xelSekruleba aviakompaniasTan 54
a. xelSekruleba regularul reisebze adgilebis kvotaze 54
b. saagento SeTanxmeba aviakompaniasTan 54
c. Carteri (TviTmfrinavis arenda) 55
 xelSekruleba rkinigzasTan 58
 xelSekruleba saeqskursio firmasTan 60
 xelSekruleba muzeumTan 60
 xelSekruleba iniciativian da receptiul turoperatorebs 61
Soris
a. adgilobrivi gadasaxadebi da mosakreblebi, 64
individualuri gasamrjelo
(e.w. `xftdst~).
b. Tanmxlebi gidi. 64
1.11 turistuli dokumentacia 69
gamoyenebuli literatura 80

4
 Tavi I.
turopereitingis safuZvlebi
1.1 turoperatoris saqmianobis cneba (gageba) da saxeebi
turistuli produqti Sedgeba gadaadgilebis,
mizani (amocana)
aRwere – im winapirobebisa da ganTavsebisa da garTobisagan. turistuli pro-
moTxovnebis raoba, romlebmac duqtis Seqmnaze muSaoben saaviacio, sazRvao,
ganapiroba turopereitingis, sarkinigzo, saavtomobilo kompaniebi, aseve sas-
rogorc biznesis warmoSoba.
tumroebi da ganTavsebis sxva saSualebebi, samu-
gansazRvre - turoperatoris,
rogorc turistuli biznesis zeumo-saeqskursio biznesis, masobrivi garTobis
sakvanZo personis mniSvneloba, adgilebi, sportuli, sakurorto organizacebi
misi saqmianobis specifika.
da sxva.
turistuli produqtis Semqmnelebi _ turopera-
torebi (to) yidian TavianT produqcias rogorc pirdapir myidvelze
(turistze), aseve Suamavlis _ turagentis/saagentos (ta) meSveobiT.
turoperatoris saqmianobis (biznesis) gaCena ganapiroba masobrivi tu-
rizmis ganviTarebam did manZilze da turistuli produqtis garTulebam
(moTxovna-miwodebis gamravalferovnebam), romlis drosac moxda turistu-
li kompaniebis specializacia: erTi jgufi Zalebis koncentrirebas axdens
momsaxurebis paketebis formirebaze, iTvisebs axal regionebs, amuSavebs
turizmis axal saxeebs _ formirebas ukeTebs turopereitings, rogorc
mimarTulebas; meore jgufi _ ZiriTad yuradRebas uTmobs yidva-gayidvas da
Camoyalibda rogorc turistuli saagentoebi.
turopereitingis aucilebloba ganpirobebulia imiTac, rom sastumro-
sarestorno momsaxurebis formebis zrdisa da gamravalferovnebis, msxvi-
li, tradiciuli turistuli da rekreaciuli centrebis analogiuri moqme-
debebis fonze turisti, turis yidvis Semdeg, romelic, saerTaSoriso
standartebis (turis fasis Semcirebis mizniTac) Sesabamisad, rogorc wesi
iTvaliswinebs mxolod transportirebas, dabinavebasa da (kidev erT ser-
viss - ZiriTadad kvebas), ver axerxebs srulyofil dasvenebas _ igi ar (cu-
dad) icnobs regionis resursul potencials: istoriul-kulturul mem-
kvidreobas, yofiT-eTnografiul kulturas, saero da religiuri cxovrebis
Taviseburebebs da a.S.. saidumlos ar warmoadgens is faqti, rom turistebi
Tanxis solidur nawils xarjaven e.w. `damatebiTi momsaxurebis~ - dasve-
neba-garTobis RonisZiebebze. amasTan, isic cnobilia, rom turistebi ar
arian winaaRmdegi Caeban sportul RonisZiebebSi, miiRon damatebiTi saku-
rorto, sayofacxovrebo da sxva momsaxureba. turistuli momsaxurebis sfe-
roSi im organizaciebisa da firmebis saqmianobam, romlebic sTavazoben
momsaxurebas, am momsaxurebebidan sxvadasxva saxis Tematuri turebis
dakompleqtebis procesis aucileblobam (mudmivad mzardma moTxovnilebam)
ganapiroba specifiuri biznesis Camoyalibeba _ turopereitingi (turistu-
li programebis damuSaveba). swored programebisa da marSrutebis damuSa-
vebaa turoperatoris ZiriTadi saqmianoba.
turoperatori _ es aris turistuli firma (kompania an undividi),
romelic turebis dakompleqtebas (Camoyalibebas) axdens momsaxurebis
momwodeblebTan gaformebuli xelSekrulebebisa da turistebis
moTxovnebis safuZvelze.

5
 turoperatori _ es aris turistuli paketis Semqmneli. is dakavebu-
lia turistuli marSrutebis SemuSavebiTa da turebis dakompleqtebiT;
uzrunvelyofs maT funqcionirebas, organizebas ukeTebs reklamas, akeTebs
marSrutebis Sesabamis xarjTaRricxvebs da sazRvravs marSrutebis fasebs,
yidis turebs pirdapir turistebze an turagentebis meSveobiT.
turoperatori turistebs uqmnis turistuli momsaxurebis mravalfe-
rovan arCevans da, amasTan erTad, amartivebs sxva qalaqebsa da regionebSi
momsaxurebis SekveTebis organizaciis process, ramdenadac am funqciasac
Tavis Tavze iRebs.
turoperatorebi turistul industriaSi gansakuTrebul rols asru-
leben. isini yiduloben turistul produqts (adgilebi TviTmfrinavSi, sas-
tumroSi, restornis momsaxureba, garToba-dasvenebis obieqtebSi adgilebi
moTxovnis Sesabamisad), ayalibeben turistuli momsaxurebis paketebs da,
mogebis miRebis mizniT, yidian pirdapir, anda Suamavlis daxmarebiT
momxmarebelze (turistze). turoperators SeuZlia turistuli produqti
gayidos nawil-nawil. es xdeba an meti mogebis miRebisaTvis, an aucileblo-
bis gamo.
pirvel SemTxvevaSi, rodesac turoperatori axdens paketis formire-
bas, is gvevlineba rogorc turistuli produqtis Semqmneli. meore SemTxve-
vaSi, rodesac yidis momsaxurebas nawil-nawil, is gvevlineba rogorc tu-
ristuli momsaxurebis sabiTumo dileri. es xdeba maSin, rodesac turope-
ratori mwarmoeblisagan yidulobs turpaketis formirebisaTvis saWiroze
met momsaxurebas. amas garda, dReisaTvis ukve arian specializirebuli
sabiTumo turoperatorebi, romlebsac, momsaxurebis masiuri (didi odeno-
bis) SeZenis safuZvelze, aqvT specialuri SeRavaTiani fasebi sastumroebis,
saaviacio kompaniebisa da momsaxurebis sxva momwodeblebisagan. amaSic
mdgomareobs turoperatoris Tavisebureba _ misi unari daizRvios Tavi fa-
sebis cvalebadobisagan im servisebze, romliTac axdens turistuli pake-
tis formirebas da gaxados ekonomikurad misaRebi turistisaTvis. sabi-
Tumo turoperatorebis fasebi yovelTvis ufro dabalia, vidre sastum-
roebis sacalo fasebi.
Tumca, turoperatorebi mainc unda ganvixiloT rogorc turistuli
produqtis Semqmnelebi da ara rogorc turproduqtis farTo asortimentis
sabiTumo gamyidvelebi. es savsebiT samarTliania, radgan turoperatoris
upirvelesi sazrunavia turebis an turpaketebis (momsaxurebis paketi) Camo-
yalibeba _ Sinaarsobriv-Tematuri formireba.
zogjer, rogorc ukve iyo aRniSnuli, isini yidian kidec momsaxurebas
nawil-nawil. es saqmianobis damatebiTi formaa, romelic SeiZleba Sevafa-
soT rogorc obieqturad aucilebeli qmedeba turistul bazarze.
turoperatoris (to) da turagentis (ta) ZiriTadi ganmasxvavebeli
niSnebi:
a) Semosavlebis sistemis Tanaxmad:
turoperatori yidulobs garkveul turistul produqts. misi Semosa-
vali yalibdeba im sxvaobidan, romelic arsebobs SeZenil da gayidul
momsaxurebas Soris. xSirad to yidulobs calkeul momsaxurebebs,

6
 romlisganac ayalibebs servisuli momsaxurebis kompleqts (turpro-
duqts/turpakets) faswarmoqmnis sakuTari meqanizmiT.
turagenti (ta) ki moqmedebs rogorc sacalo gamyidveli da misi Se-
mosavali formirdeba im sakomisiodan (danamati %), rasac iRebs sxvi-
si turproduqtis gayidvisas. turagenti rogorc pakets, aseve calke-
ul servisebs (momsaxurebas) yidis realuri fasebis Sesabamisad,
romelsac aweseben turoperatorebi an momsaxurebis Semqmnelebi.
b) turistuli produqtis kuTvnilebis mixedviT:
turoperators yovelTvis aqvs turistuli produqtis garkveuli ma-
ragi gayidvisaTvis, xolo turagenti ukveTavs garkveul produqts
mxolod maSin, rodesac klienti (myidveli) iCens konkretul interess
swored am produqtis mimarT.
Tumca realur cxovrebaSi es yvelaferi SeiZleba mTlad ase ar iyos,
ramdenadac erTsac da meoresac (operatori, agenti) msgavsi amocanebis Ses-
ruleba uxdebaT. turistuli kompania SeiZleba erTdroulad iyos turope-
ratoric da turagentic. firmas SeuZlia Seqmnas turproduqti da Semdeg
gayidos is turagentebze an turistebze. amasTan, maT aseve SeuZliaT SeiZi-
non sxva turoperatorebis mier Seqmnili produqtic da Semdeg mihyidon
turistebs.
turoperatorebis dayofa
- saqmianobis formis (saxis) Sesabamisad:
1. masiuri bazris operatorebi. isini yidian turpaketebs Carteruli
aviareisebis gamoyenebiT masiuri turizmis adgilebSi.
2. specializirebuli operatorebi – eseni arian operatorebi,
romlebic specializebulni arian garkveul produqtze an bazris
segmentze. Tavis mxriv isini iyofian:
a) specialuri interesebis turoperatorebi (mag.: sportul-saTavga-
dasavlo, sanadiro turebi da sxva);
b) garkveuli adgilis turoperatorebi (mag.: inglisi, aSS, da sxva);
c) garkveuli klienturis turoperatorebi (mag.: axalgazrdebi, oja-
xebi, biznesmenebi);
d) ganTavsebis adgilis turoperatorebi (mag.: turbazebi, dasasve-
nebeli saxlebi, ojaxebi da a.S.);
e) turoperatorebi transportis konkretul saxeze (mag.: matarebe-
li, Tbomavali da a.S.);
- saqmianobis adgilis Sesabamisad:
1. adgilobrivi (Sida) turoperatorebi. isini adgenen paketebs im
qveynis marSrutebis Sesabamisad, sadac cxovroben;
2. gamyvani turoperatorebi. maTi paketebi orientirebulia sazRvarga-
reTis qveynebze;
3. mimRebi turoperatorebi. isini moRvaweoben qveyanaSi da emsaxure-
bian Semomsvlel turistebs;

7
 amasTan erTad miRebulia turoperatorebis dayofa iniciativian da
receptiul operatorebad.
iniciativiani turoperatori – is operatoria, romelic agzavnis
turistebs sazRvargareT, an sxva regionebSi mimReb (receptiul) turopera-
torebTan an turkompaniebTan dadebuli xelSekrulebis safuZvelze; maTi
gansxvaveba turagentebisagan, romlebic dakavebuli arian sxvisi turebis
gayidviT, mdgomareobs mxolod imaSi, rom isini dakavebuli arian turis-
tuli produqtis SeqmniT (dakompleqtebiT), romelic, turizmis saerTaSo-
riso organizaciis (WTO) normebis Sesabamisad, unda Sedgebodes minimum
sami tipis momsaxurebisagan (transportireba, ganTavseba da nebismieri sxva
mesame momsaxureba). iniciativiani turoperatori, klasikuri gagebiT, adgens
rTuli saxis turistul marSrutebs, romlebsac adgens adgilobrivi
turoperatorebis mier SemoTavazebuli servisebisagan, amasTan uzrunvel-
yofs transportirebas daniSnulebis adgilze da ukan, aseve Sida (marSru-
tis Sesabamisad) transportirebas.
receptiuli turoperatori – es aris miRebaze momuSave turoperato-
ri, romelic akompleqtebs turebs da programebs turistebis miRebasTan da
momsaxurebasTan erTad; amisaTvis iyenebs pirdapir xelSekrulebebs momsa-
xurebis momwodeblebTan (sastumroebi, kvebis organizaciebi, dasasvenebel-
gasarTobi organizaciebi da a.S.). es aris sufTa turoperatoris saqmianoba.
xazgasmiT unda aRvniSnoT, rom mTeli rigi mizezebis gamo, saqarTve-
loSi miRebaze momuSave (receptiuli) turoperatorebis saqmianoba,
miuxedavad garkveuli sakanonmdeblo mxardaWerisa (gaTavisuflebuli arian
garkveuli gadasaxadebisagan - dRg), aqtiurad ar aris danergili. am mxriv
Cveni CamorCenis mizezebs Soris SeiZleba davasaxeloT:
- momaxurebis programebis susti diferencireba (saerTod ar aris);
- SemoTavazebuli momsaxurebis mravalferovnebis dabali done (erT-
ferovneba);
- momsaxurebis SeTavazebis donis CamorCena saerTaSoriso normebisa-
gan da sxva.
iniciativiani turoperatoruli saqmianobis ganviTarebis SedarebiT
maRali tempi ganpirobebulia Semdegi mizezebiT:
- ukanasknel aTwleulSi, Sida turizmis praqtikulad ugulvebel-
yofis fonze, sazRvargareT gamgzavrebaze gazrdili moTxov-
nileba;
- usafrTxoebisa da sxva (cnobili) mizezebis gamo sazRvargareTeli
turistebis nakadis mkveTri Semcireba;
- saerTaSoriso turistul bazarze saqarTvelos gayvanis procesi-
saTvis saWiro saxelmwifos materialuri mxardaWeris ar arseboba;
- msxvili, konsolidirebuli adgilobrivi turoperatorebis ar
arseboba, romlebic SeZlebdnen qveynis imijis Seqmnas saerTaSo-
riso bazarze.
xazi unda gaesvas im garemoebasac, rom dRevandeli turkompaniebi
ZiriTadad iyeneben sazRvargareTeli turoperatorebis mier damuSavebul

8
da wlebis manZilze gamocdil produqts, romelsac isini aqtiurad gvTava-
zoben, ramdenadac es maTi mogebis wyaroa.
aucilebelia imis aRniSvnac, rom Cveni qveynis ekonomikis gamococx-
leba, Sida da Semomsvleli turizmis ganviTareba _ mxolod Cveni, adgilo-
brivi turkompaniebis gasakeTebeli saqmea. amis miRweva mxolod sakuTari
maRalprofesiuli kadrebis meSveobiT aris SesaZlebeli. swored amitom,
Zalze aqtualuria receptiuli turoperatoruli firmebis, rogorc speci-
fiuri turistuli produqtis Semqmnelis, saqmianobis sakiTxebisa da
problemebis Seswavla.
realur turistul praqtikaSi yvelaze xSirad gvxvdebian Sereuli
funqciebis matarebeli organizaciebi, rac damaxasiaTebelia turistuli
bazrisaTvis. Tavis mier SemuSavebuli garkveuli produqciis mimarT firma
SeiZleba mogvevlinos rogorc iniciativiani, aseve receptiuli
turoperatoris rolSi, zogjer ki _ turagentic xdeba. amgvari praqtikaa
CvenSic, Tumca gamomwvevi mizezebi sxvadasxvaa da es calke saubris Temaa.
Sida bazarze sul ramodenime turistuli kompaniaa (`kavkazTreveli~, `en-
turi~, `argoturi~, `samgori~, `levon Treveli~ da a.S.) romlebic
erTdroulad muSaoben rogorc qarTveli turistebis sazRvargareT
gagzavnaze, aseve ucxoeli turistebis miRebaze.
imisaTvis, rom naTeli gaxdes Tu ratom aris saqarTvelodan sazRvar-
gareT turistebis gamgzavni kompania, romelic ZiriTadad ucxoeli turope-
ratorebis produqts iyenebs, CvenTan turoperatori, ganvixiloT sqema #1.
sqema #1. iniciativiani turoperatoris muSaobis sqema

sastumroebi transporti kvebis eqskursiebi da damatebiTi

obieqtebi mogzauroba momsaxureb
a

receptiuli turoperatori – receptiuli turoperatori –

momsaxurebis paketebis sabiTumo dileris calkeuli
formireba momsaxurebebi
sazRvargareTis qveyana

iniciativiani turoperatori (momsaxurebis paketi

saqarTvelo + dazRveva + viza + TviTmfrinavi)

tursaagento pirdapiri gayidva

momxmarebeli
(turisti)

iniciativiani turoperatoris muSaobis sqemidan kargad Cans, rom mo-

cemuli kompania dakavebulia sufTa saagento saqmianobiT: yidis partnio-
rebis mier momzadebul turpaketebs, aformebs turistebis sadazRvevo da
savizo dokumentebs, axorcielebs bronirebas, sakomisio jildos fasad
yidis garkveul momsaxurebebs sakuTari paketebis Semadgenlobidan.
kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad (im qveynebSi, sadac turizmis ganviTare-
bis Camoyalibebuli sakanonmdeblo sivrce arsebobs), turoperatorad

9
miCneulia is turistuli organizacia, romelic qmnis Tavis sakuTar
turistul produqts da uSvebs masze Tavis sagzurs. am moTxovnebs aseTi
firma asrulebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom sagzuri turistebTan gaformebuli
xelSekrulebis formaluri damatebaa (ZiriTadi dokumentia vauCeri), is
mainc ibeWdeba, ramdenadac qveynis teritoriaze is mainc pirveladi
dokumentia da warmoadgens konkretuli turistuli kompaniis sakuTrebas.
sqemaze naCvenebi saagentoebi, Semdeg ukve TviTon yidian nayid produqts da
Sesabamisad sagzurs (xdeba gadayidva), romelic ekuTvnis konkretul
turkompanias (ucxours), garkveuli sakomisios fasad. aseTi pirobiT isini
turagentebi arian.
turoperatoris funqcias warmoadgens:
1. potenciuri turistebis moTxovnilebebis Seswavla turebze da
tur-programebze;
2. momsaxurebis perspeqtiuli programebis Sedgena da bazarze apro-
bacia, turistebis moTxovnilebebisadmi Sesabamisobis gamovlenis
mizniT;
3. momsaxurebis momwodeblebTan saxelSekrulebo TanamSromloba:
- sastumrosTan _ ganTavsebis adgilebisaTvis;
- kvebis obieqtTan _ turistebis kvebisaTvis;
- satransporto organizaciasTan _ satransporto
momsaxurebisTvis;
- saeqskursio firmasTan, muzeumTan, sagamofeno darbazTan, park-
Tan da msgavs dawesebulebasTan _ Sesabamisi momsaxurebisaTvis;
- sayofacxovrebo momsaxurebis firmasTan _ Sesabamisi momsaxure-
bisaTvis;
- sportuli nagebobis administraciasTan _ sportuli bazebis
gamoyenebis SesaZleblobisaTvis;
- kino, video, Teatraluri da Sou organizaciebis menejerebTan _
turistebis daswrebisaTvis;
- nakrZalebis, aRkveTilebis, sabaRe-saparke, sanadiro da saTevzao
meurneobis direqciebTan _ Sesabamisi momsaxurebisaTvis;
- adgilobriv xelisuflebasTan _ sakuTari saqmianobis sajaroo-
bisa da garemos dacvis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT.
momsaxurebis momwodeblebTan TanamSromloba unda atarebdes
rogorc perspeqtiul, aseve operatiul (mimdinare) xasiaTs _ axali
turebis SemuSaveba, arsebulis kontroli da gadaxaliseba.
4. turis, transportirebis Rirebulebis gaangariSeba da sabazro si-
tuaciis gaTvaliswinebiT turis fasebis dadgena;
5. marSrutze moZravi turistebis uzrunvelyofa aucilebeli sasuve-
niro-sareklamo masaliT, specialuri mowyobilobebiT da
inventariT;
6. marSrutebze sakontaqto personalis SerCeva, momzadeba da daniSv-
na, momsaxurebis programis Sesrulebaze kontroli da koordina-
cia (eqskursiamZRoli, instruqtori, animatori, meTodisti);

10
 7. turistuli produqtis gayidvisaTvis aucilebeli sareklamo-sain-
formacio saqmianoba;
8. turebis gatana da realizacia tursaagentoebis meSveobiT;
9. momsaxurebis xarisxisa da saimedoobisadmi kontroli;
10. mogzaurobis dros mudmivi kontaqti turistebTan da wamoWrili
problemebis gadawyveta.
receptiuli turoperatori dakavebulia turistebis misaRebi
turproduqtis (marSrutebis) formirebiT. iniciativiani turoperatori,
rogorc wesi, akompleqtebs turebs ramodenime ZiriTad punqtSi (obieqti,
qalaqi) miRebis safuZvelze. amis magaliTs warmoadgens specialurad
arendirebuli avtobusebiT organizebuli transturebi (aseve kruizebi
sazRvao da saokeano Tbomavlebze, saavtomobilo da sarkinigzo turebi
ramodenime qalaqis/qveynis gavliT).
turoperatori akompleqtebs programebs _ turis pakets, romelic
SeiZleba iyos SekveTili da e.w. `inkluziv turi~ (winaswar gansazRvruli,
mkacrad Camoyalibebuli, momsaxurebis nakrebis gayidvis SemTxvevaSic rom
ar icvleba). Sesabamisad, pirveli iyideba variantebTan erTad, meore _
yovelgvari variantebis gareSe, momsaxurebis kompleqsuri nakrebiT.
turistul bazarze turoperators ukavia adgili momsaxurebis mwar-
moeblebsa da momxmareblebs (turistebs) Soris. misi amocanaa calkeuli
mwarmoeblebis warmoebuli momsaxurebis mitana momxmareblamde kompleqsu-
ri turistuli produqtis saxiT, amasTan, rogorc ZiriTadi, aseve damatebi-
Ti momsaxurebis SesaZleblobebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
damatebiTi momsaxureba mxolod erTi SexedviT ar Cans saintereso da
sayuradRebo turoperatorisaTvis. jer erTi bevri damatebiTi momsaxureba
warmoadgens turistebis mizidvis ZiriTad motivs (Tematuri parkebi,
garTobis SesaZleblobebi da gadaadgilebis damatebiTi variantebi da a.S.);
amasTan erTad, praqtika gviCvenebs, rom turoperatoris Semosavlis did
nawils warmoadgens swored es damatebiT SeTavazebuli momsaxurebebi,
romelTac turisti iZens, pakets gareT, uSualod dasvenebis adgilze.

11
 taim - auti

1. gameoreba – codnis dedaa!

.
 rasTan aris dakavSirebuli turistul bazarze
turoperatoris biznesis warmoSoba?
 ra (vin) aris turoperatori?
 riT gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan turoperatori da
turagenti?
 turopereitingis rogori tipebia tqvenTvis cnobili?
 ra aris iniciativiani da receptiuli turoperatori?
 ra aris turopereitingis ZiriTadi funqciebi?

2. SegiZlia Tu ara codnis praqtikaSi gamoyeneba?

 CaatareT damoukidebeli kvleva turoperatorebis reklamasTan

dakavSirebiT masobrivi informaciis saSualebebSi (SegiZliaT
gamoiyenoT `kavkasiis turistuli bazrobis~ masalebi,
internetSi ganTavsebuli informacia garkveuli imijis mqone
qarTuli turistuli organizaciebis Sesaxeb. CamoTvlas
Segnebulad ar vakeTebT, SegiZliaT airCioT nebismieri) –
SearCieT ori sxvadasxva sareklamo gancxadeba da gansazRvreT,
reklamis mixedviT, romelia iniciativiani da romelia
receptiuli turoperatori.

- ra parametrebiT unda moaxdinoT amis garkveva?

 ipoveT sareklamo winadadebebSi inkluziv-turebi, SeadgineT

CamonaTvali (2-3 mainc) da daaxasiaTeT. moiyvaneT im firmebis
magaliTebi, romlebsac aqvT SekveTili turebi.

- riT gansxvavdeba maT sareklamo gancxadebebi?

 SeadgineT turoperatoris ZiriTadi funqciebis CamonaTvali

12
1.2. mimzidveli turistuli produqtis Seqmna
turoperatoris saqmianobis ZiriTadi amocanaa turis Seqmna, romelic
uzrulvelyofili iqneba momsaxurebis Sesabamisi programiT (turpaketi).
swored es produqtia turoperatoris ZiriTadi produqti, romelsac uSvebs
bazarze. turistis ganacxadis saxeobisa da gayidvis organizaciis meTodis
(saSualebis) Sesabamisad turebi SeiZleba iyos individualuri da
jgufuri.
individualuri turi aZlevs turists ufro met Tavisuflebasa da
damoukideblobas, Tumca is SedarebiT Zviria, ramdenadac iseTi momsaxure-
ba, rogoricaa marSrutsSida transportireba, gidis momsaxureba da rigi
sxva momsaxurebis Rirebuleba, maT unda gadaixadon mTlianad, jgufuri
turebisagan gansxvavebiT, sadac es Tanxa nawildeba jgufis wevrebze.
aqedan gamomdinare individualuri turi ar aris xelmisawvdomi masiuri
turistebisaTvis.
amasTan erTad, individualuri mogzaurobis organizeba Zalze Sroma-
tevadi saqmea, romelic moiTxovs kompiuteruli teqnikis gamoyenebas broni-
rebis, dispeCerizaciis da sxva operaciebisaTvis. sxva mxriv, individua-
luri turebis organizeba sakmaod momgebiania turistuli kompaniebisaTvis,
ramdenadac iZleva, sakmaod maRal Semosavlebs erT turistze gaangariSe-
biT. aqedan gamomdinare, turistuli kompaniebis strategiaSi Tavisi adgili
unda daikavos rogorc jgufurma, aseve individualurma turebma.
jgufuri turebi SedarebiT iafia, xelmisawvdomia masobrivi turizmi-
saTvis, Tumca jgufuri turebis dros jgufis yoveli monawile unda
daemorCilos jgufuri mogzaurobebis garkveul wesebs.
mimzidveli turistuli produqtis Seqmna turoperatoris upirvelesi
amocanaa. turistuli organizaciebis saqmianobis es sfero uSualod aris
dakavSirebuli sawarmoo procesTan. organizaciis sasaqonlo politika
moiTxovs SeTanxmebuli gadawyvetilebebis miRebas warmoebasa da realiza-
cias (komercias) Soris, aseve gadawyvetilebebs, romlebic exeba turis
asortiments (variantulobas), momsaxurebis programebsa da turistuli
produqtis raodenobas (masas).
turistuli produqtis Seqmnisas naTeli unda iyos pasuxebi
kiTxvebze: ras iyidis turisti? ramdenadac is fuls ixdis ara sastumroSi
cxovrebisaTvis, rac SeiZleba mis qveyanaSi gacilebiT ukeTesia, aramed
axali gancdebisa da siaxleebis gacnobisaTvis; mas ainteresebs ara
bivSteqsi an katleti restoranSi, aramed simyudrove, yuradReba,
keTilganwyobili garemo. amdenad turistuli produqtis Seqmna iwyeba misi
msyidvelobiT (momxmareblobiT) xarisxisa da Tvisebebis, turistisaTvis
yvelaze mimzidveli mxareebis gamovleniT. swored isini warmoadgenen
ZiriTad orientirebs turistuli produqtis momzadebisa da realizaciis
dros.
specialistebis mier SemuSavebulia xarisxiani turistuli produqtis
ramodenime ZiriTadi samomxmareblo Tviseba:
 dasabuTebuloba _ e.i. yvela tipis momsaxurebis miwodeba
ganpirobebuli unda iyos mogzaurobis mizniT da Tanmxlebi

13
 pirobebiT, rac efuZneba turistis moTxovnebs (zedmeti araferia
saWiro!);
 saimedooba _ produqtis realuri Sinaarsis Sesabamisoba
reklamasTan, informaciis sandooba (ar SeiZleba savaraudo
kontigentis motyueba!);
 efeqturoba _ turistis mxridan umciresi danaxarjebis fasad
maqsimaluri efeqtis miReba (turisti amas unda grZnobdes da
xedavdes!);
 mTlianoba _ produqtis dasrulebuli saxe, misi SesaZlebloba
sruliad daakmayofilos turistis moTxovnilebebi (pasuxi unda
iyos gacemuli TemasTan dakavSirebul yvela SesaZlo kiTxvaze!);
 garkveuloba _ produqtis moxmareba, misi mizanmimarTuleba gasage-
bi unda iyos rogorc turistis, aseve momsaxure personalisTvis
(igi yvelasaTvis gasageb enaze, `erT enaze~ unda ikiTxebodes!);
 simartive eqsploataciis procesSi (saWiroa yvelam zustad icodes
Tavisi adgili da movaleoba);
 moqniloba _ produqtisa da mosaxurebis sistemis unari swrafad
moergos momxmareblis gansxvavebul tipebs da ar iyos
damokidebuli momsaxure personalis cvalebadobis procesze (unda
musaobdes `sistema~ da ara `individi~);
 sargeblianoba _ unari, emsaxuros erTi an remodenime miznis
miRwevas (mag: dasveneba da Semecneba), daakmayofilos turistis esa
Tu is moTxovnileba.
am Tvisebebis realizaciaze kontrolis uzrunvelyofa _ es pirvel
rigSi, turistis wasvlis Semdeg misi kmayofilobis xarisxis garkvevaa
(gamokiTxva, anketireba da a.S.); xolo kontroli turistuli momsaxurebis
xarisxze iwyeba ukve turistuli produqtis dagegmvis (proeqtirebis)
etapze.
specialistebis aRiarebiT turistuli produqtisaTvis erT-erTi
Seufasebeli Tvisebaa stumarTmoyvareoba. mis gareSe nebismieri, Tundac
srulyofili, turistuli produqti iqneba usaxuri da turisti ver miiRebs
misTvis sasurvel (mosalodnel) kmayofilebas. stumarTmoyvareoba turis-
tul biznesSi (industriaSi) – es aris profesiuli moTxovnileba, es aris
xelovneba _ agrZnobino adamians rom moxaruli xarT misi xilviT. misi
Semadgeneli nawilebia _ Rirseba, pativiscema, personalis keTilganwyoba.
es mravalmxrivi cnebaa da Sedgeba bevri Semadgeneli faqtorebisagan:
a. xarisxiani informacia rogorc adgilobriv, aseve regionalur
bazarze dasvenebis SesaZleblobis, Semecnebisa da garTobis Sesa-
xeb; imis Sesaxeb, rom turistebs elodebian da maT Sesaxvedrad
emzadebian;
b. turistuli adgilis, sawarmos, momsaxure personalis dadebiTi
saxis (imijis) Seqmna potenciuri momxmareblisaTvis (reklama,
monawileoba telegadacemebSi, saqvelmoqmedo saqmianoba da sxva);

14
 c. momsaxure personalis Ria, daufaravi, Tumca uaRresad koreqtuli
swrafva turistebisadmi yuradRebis gamosavlenad (momsaxurebis
politika deviziT _ yvelaferi klientisaTvis);
d. klientis Txovnebisa da survilebisadmi imaTi yuradRebiani
damokidebuleba, vinc sTavazobs turistul produqts (proncipi:
kidev ra SeiZleba gakeTdes TqvenTvis?);
e. turistebze zrunva im mizniT, rom momsaxureobis miRebis procesSi
gamartivdes maTi orientaciis unari (turistebisaTvis gasageb
enaze momzadebuli Sidasafirmo informacia, obieqtebze, romlebic
Setanilia gzamkvlevebsa da bukletebSi)
f. turistebisadmi keTilganwyobili damokidebuleba, rac ayvanili
unda iyos momsaxurebis proncipis rangSi (principi: klienti –
yovelTvis marTalia!).
yvela es principi unda hqondes dadebuli safuZvlad momsaxurebis
teqnologias, rasac stumarTmoyvareobis industria hqvia. turis
organizaciis teqnologiaSi didi mniSvneloba aqvs TviT turistebis
damokidebulebas momsaxure personalisadmi da turistis mier servisisa da
momsaxurebis miRebis (rogorc procesis) fsiqologiuri aRqmis aspeqtebis
gaTvaliswinebas. es imas niSnavs, rom pirvel rigSi ixileba turistis
pirovnuli interesebi da misdami keTilganwyobili damokidebuleba.
aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT saerTaSoriso turizmSi ukve didi xania
damkvidrda turistebisadmi yuradRebis gamovlenis Semdegi normebi:
 misasalmebeli (sastarto) suveniri yvela turistisaTvis. am
sakiTxSi, sastumro momsaxurebidan gansxvavebiT, sadac, magidaze
dadebuli yvavili da tkbileulic imave funqciisaa, turebisaTvis
arsebobs suvenirebis sagnobriobis principi, rac mogzaurobis
miznidan gamomdinareobs (biznesmenisaTvis, saqmiani turebis dros
es SeiZleba iyos prospeqtebi, sasuveniro nimuSebi, vimpelebi
maTTvis saintereso saqonelze, folkloristebisaTvis - erovnuli
xasiaTis suvenirebi);
sasurvelia am procesSi (misalmeba, suvenirebis gadacema), romelic
erTnairi warmatebiT SeiZleba daigegmos rogorc turis
dasawyisSi, aseve finiSze, monawileobas iRebdnen mimRebi
turkompaniis administraciis xelmZRvanelebi, da rac uaRresad
mniSvnelovania, aseTi Sexvedris Sesaxeb winaswar iyos
informirebuli turistuli jgufis TiToeuli wevri.
 turis damTavreebis Semdeg turistebisaTvis specialurad momzade-
buli diplomebis, sigelebis, samkerde niSnebis gadacema gavlil
marSrutTan dakavSirebiT (megobrul vaxSamze, romliTac
damtavrdeba programa, SesaZlebelia anonimuri anketirebac
Catardes da asec iyos ganxiluli turis rogorc pozitiuri, aseve
negatiuri aspeqtebi);
 turistebisaTvis xelmisawvdomi unda iyos sareklamo furclebi,
bukletebi, gzamkvlevebi da cnobarebi, romlebic dasvenebis
adgilTan aris dakavSirebuli;

15
  mogzaurobis erT-erT pirvel dRes (sasurvelia sastumroSi
dabinavebis saRamos; aseve sasurvelia am Sexvedras eswrebodes
kompaniis administraciis warmomadgeneli) unda moewyos jgufis
Sexvedra gidTan da miiRon sruli informacia ZiriTadi da
damatebiTi momsaxurebis, programaSi Sesuli SesaZlo cvlilebebis
(`fors-maJori~) Sesaxeb. kargia rodesac aseT informacias Tan
axlavs videomasala
yvelaferi es, turistebisadmi stumarTmoyvrulad, e. i. mimzidvelad
gamoiyureba.
momsaxurebis organizaciisas aucilebelia gaTvaliswinebuli iqnas
e.w. `gaTavisuflebis proncipi~. e. i. klienti ganTavisuflebuli unda iyos
yvela arasasiamovno procesisagan (momabezrebeli organizaciuli zrunva,
samgzavro bileTebis SekveTa, Teatraluri da sakoncerto bileTebis
SekveTa, momsaxurebis rigSi dgoma da a. S) yvelaferi rac programiT
(ZiriTadi da damatebiTi) ekuTvnis, turistma unda miiRos sastumroSi
(sasurvelia paketSi sxva informaciasTan erTad da a.S.).
momsaxurebis optimaluroba aseTive mniSvnelovani samomxmareblo
Tvisebaa. mas aqvs uSualo damokidebuleba stumarTmoyvareobasTan rac
gulisxmobs:
 momsaxurebis yvela saxis erTi donisaTvis (klasi) Sesabamisobas;
 yvela momsaxurebis turis TematikasTan Sesabamisobas;
 turis momxmarebelTa gansazRvrul miznobriv jgufze mimarTebas;
 momsaxurebis programis winaswar SeTanxmebas;
 programis moqnilobas (nebismieri momsaxurebis Secvlis SesaZleb-
loba);
 momsaxurebis racionalur Sinaarss SeTavazebuli momsaxurebis
raodenobasTan;
 momsaxurebaSi tendenciurobis ararsebobas (momsaxureba Tavs ar
unda abezrebdes);
yvela es principi gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnas jer kidev turistuli
produqtis SemuSavebis procesSi. amasTan, unda gvaxsovdes, rom arasworad
momzadebuli produqti araTu ar sargeblobs moTxovnilebiT, aramed
SesaZlebelia organizaciam dakargos potenciuri klientebic. dReisaTvis
turistul bazarze arsebuli konkurenciis pirobebSi, es Zalze mniSvne-
lovani faqtoria

16
 taim - auti

1. gameoreba – codnis dedaa!

 ra aris individualuri turi?

 ra aris jgufuri turi?
 daasaxeleT turistuli produqciis ZiriTadi samomxmareblo
Tvisebebi da daaxasiaTeT isini.

2. SegiZlia Tu ara codnis praqtikaSi gamoyeneba?

 magaliTisaTvis aiReT qarTuli receptiuli turoperatoruli

kompaniis ori turistuli produqti (turi/programa); daasabuTeT,
rom sworad moaxdineT SerCeva da amis Semdeg gaakeTeT maTi
samomxmareblo Tvisebebis Sefaseba; gaaanalizeT TiToeuli da
SeadareT erTmaneTs. gansazRvreT, razea damokidebuli TiToeuli
maTganis samomxmareblo Tvisebebi?

- ra parametrebiT unda moaxdinoT amis garkveva?

 moaxdineT zemoT aRniSnuli sakvlev turebze turistebis

momsaxurebis optimalurobis eqspertuli Sefaseba.

- Tqveni azriT razea damokidebuli momsaxurebis optimaluroba?

 SeimuSaveT SerCeuli turis stumarTmoyvareobis uzrunvelyofis

gegma-programa.

17
 1.3 momsaxurebis klasi
momsaxurebis klasi gamoiyeneba SeTavazebuli mosaxurebis xarisxis
aRsaniSnavad. imis gamo, rom turistuli produqti aris kompleqsuri
(Sedgeba sxvadsxva momsaxurebisagan), da amasTan erTad aqvs Tavisi
gansxvavebuli Sida gradacia (sastumro, transporti, kveba da a. S.),
gayidvisas turistis winaSe Cndeba problema SemoTavazebuli (Sesabamisad
realizebuli) produqtis xarisxTan dakavSirebiT. turebisa da
momsaxurebis programebis klasis dasadgeni normatiuli standartebi ar
arsebobs rogorc CvenTan, aseve saerTaSoriso bazarze. amis gamo
turoperatorebi da turagentebi turistuli produqtis bazarze gatanisa
da gayidvisas turis momsaxurebis dones pirobiTad aRniSnaven Semdegi
kategoriebiT: `luqsi~, pirveli klasi, turistuli klasi, ekonomikuri
klasi.
klasi `luqsi~ – aRniSnuli klasis turis organizebisas, rogorc
wesi, iTvaliswineben yvelaze maRali klasis momsaxurebas. xuTvarskvlavia-
ni sastumroebi da feSenebeluri (kategoriis armqone) motelebi,
gadafrenebi pirveli klasiT an biznes-aviaciis TviTmfrinavebiT, kveba
feSeneblur restornebSi, aucilebeli momsaxurebiT, `luqsi~ klasis
manqanebze individualuri transferi (`limuzin-servisi~), gidis
individualuri momsaxureba da a.S. aseTi tipis turebis SeTavazeba xdeba
rogorc VIP-momsaxureba.
pirveli klasi – esec sakmaod maRali donis momsaxurebaa, 4-5 vars-
kvlaviani sastumroTi, gadafrena biznes-klasiT, kargi samzareulo da
asortimentis farTo arCevani, SesaZlebelia `Sveduri magidis~ varianti,
individuluri transferi, gidis kuratoroba.
turistuli klasi – momsaxurebis yvelaze masiuri varianti, romelic
iTvaliswinebs ganTavsebas 2-3 varskvlavian sastumroSi (damokidebulia qve-
yanaze), regulirebuli aviareisis ekonomklasiT mgzavroba (dasaSvebia
Carteri), kveba `Sveduri magidis~ sistemiT, jgufuri transferi (turistebs
xvdeba avtobusi, romelsac gadahyavs sastumroSi).
ekonomikuri klasi – es momsaxurebis yvelaze iafi formaa. rogorc
wesi am klasiT sargebloben studentebi da dabali SeZlebis adamianebi. aR-
niSnuli programa iTvaliswinebs minimalur da ara maRalxarisxovan momsa-
xurebas. ganTavseba 1-2 varskvlavian sastumroSi, saerTo sacxovreblebSi,
patara kerZo da kooperatiul sastumroebSi, sadac servisi TviTmomsaxure-
bis donezea, kveba SeiZleba saerTod ar iyos gaTvaliswinebuli, SeiZleba
gaTvaliswinebuli iyos sauzme `Sveduri magidis~ tipze standartuli
evropuli meniuTi; gadafrenebi, rogorc wesi, Carteruli reisebiT; Sexved-
ra da gacileba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes sazogadoebrivi transportiT.
erTi sityviT yvelaferi ekonomiurad da iafad. gasaTvaliswinebelia is
garemoeba, rom iafi sulac ar niSnavs uxarisxos.
aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom yvela es dayofa pirobiTi xasiaTisaa da
xSir SemTxvevaSi ganxvavdebian erovnuli xasiaTidan da Cvevebidan gamom-
dinare. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, turis yidvis dros, aucilebelia nebismieri
momsaxurebisa da misi konkretuli Sinaarsis dazusteba.

18
 1.4. momsaxurebis paketi
kompleqsuri momsaxureba moicavs turistuli servisis nakrebs (tur-
paketi). momsaxureba turizmSi sxvadasxvagvaria: ganTavseba, kveba, gadayvana,
saeqskursio, dasvenebiT-gasarTobi da sayofacxovrebo momsaxureba, sportu-
li da sakurorto programebi, turistuli mogzauroba da mravali sxva.
turistul praqtikaSi moqmedebs (miRebulia) cneba ZiriTadi da dama-
tebiTi momsaxurebis Sesaxeb. ra gansxvaveba maT Soris? samomxmareblo Tvi-
sebebidan gamomdinare maT Soris raime proncipuli sxvaoba ar aris. maga-
liTad, Tu eqskursia Sedis programaSi da turists misi Rirebuleba gadax-
dili aqvs, igi ZiriTadi momsaxurebaa, xolo Tu igive eqskursia programaSi
ar iyo, magram turistma moiTxova da gadaixada misi Rirebuleba, igi dama-
tebiTi momsaxurebaa. aqedan gamomdinare, gansxvaveba ZiriTad da damatebiT
momsaxurebas Soris mdgomareobs maT damokidebulebaSi sastartod SeZenil
turpaketTan.
ZiriTadi turistuli poduqti Cvens sinamdvileSi aris kompleqsuri
momsaxureba, anu momsaxurebis standartuli nakrebi, romelsac turisti
yidulobs erT `paketSi~.
momsaxurebis paketi (turpaketi) – es aris turoperatoris mier Seqm-
nili turistuli produqti, romelic Sedgeba momsaxurebaTa garkveuli nak-
rebisagan: gadayvan, ganTavseba, kveba, eqskursiebi da a.S. turistebisaTvis
momsaxurebis paketi yalibdeba mogzaurobis miznidan da dasvenebis
turistis mier SerCeuli saxis mixedviT, misi moTxovnebis Sesabamisad.
turisa da misi paketis formirebisas SesaZlebelia turistebTan
muSaobis 2 varianti: a) SekveTili turebis formireba-realizacia da b)
inkluziv-turebis formireba-realizacia.
SekveTili turi – SekveTili turis gayidvisas programis formireba
da momsaxurebis Semadgenlobis (saxeebis) kompleqtacia warmoebs turistis
surviliT da uSualo monawileobiT. mas sTavazoben asarCevad momsaxure-
bis sxvadasxva saxes im servisebidan, romelic gaaCnia dasvenebisaTvis (mog-
zaurobisaTvis) SerCeul adgils:
 ganTavseba _ sxvadasxvagvari adgilmdebareobis, tipis, donisa da
a.S. Sesabamisad;
 kveba _ sxvadasxva varianti (sruli, an naxevradpansioni, an kvebis
gareSe), `Sveduri magida~ an `a la karti~ momsaxurebiT da a.S.;
 saeqskursio, dasasvenebel-gasarTobi RonisZiebebi _ SerCevis
mixedviT;
 satransporto momsaxureba _ aviareisebis, sarkinigzo da saavtomo-
bilo mgzavrobis variantebi;
 sportuli da sakurorto momsaxureba _ aseTi programebis arCe-
vanis SesaZlebloba an trekingis, samTo gasvlebis SesaZlebloba;
 savizo da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, sadazRvevo momsaxureba da a.S.
rogorc iyo aRniSnuli, turisti TviTon monawileobs Tavisi das-
venebisa Tu mogzaurobis programebis SedgenaSi. turistis mier SerCeuli

19
momsaxurebebi ikribeba turis programad, isazRvreba misi fasi, rasac
turisti ixdis paketis SeZenisas.
rogorc wesi, aseTi SekveTebi formdeba saagentoebSi da Semdeg
xvdeba realizaciisaTvis turoperatorTan. SekveTebis maRalxarisxovani da
operatiuli Sesrulebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT dReisaTvis saerTaSoriso
turizmSi farTod gamoiyeneba kompiuteruli teqnikis SesaZleblobebi, rom-
lis momxmareblebi arian msoflios turistuli (saagento da
operatoruli) kompaniebi. saerTaSoriso turizmSi aqtiurad iyeneben
kompiuterisa da faqsis SesaZleblobebs, romelTa daxmarebiT operatiulad
(1-1.5 saaTSi) SesaZlebelia nebismieri paketis formireba, fasis
Camoyalibeba da savaWro garigebis gaformeba (es yvelaferi im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu receptiul turoperators, rogorc ukve iyo aRniSnuli,
xelSekrulebebis safuZvelze SeZenili aqvs yvela is servisebi, romlebzec
aris, an SeiZleba iyos moTxovnebi).
inkluziv turi (IT). es aris winaswar, klientTan Sexvedramde, dageg-
mili da Camoyalibebuli momsaxurebis nakrebi, romelic orientirebulia
dasvenebis an turizmis konkretul saxeobaze, aseve turistTa garkveul
socialur da asakobriv jgufze. yvelaze popularul inkluziv-turebs war-
moadgens samarSruto turebi, rodesac jgufi avtobusiT mogzaurobs
ramodenime qalaqSi an qveyanaSi. aseTi turis momzadebisa da Catarebis
Tavisebureba (yvelasaTvis erTiani programa, zusti da mkacri grafiki) ar
iZleva saSualebas, rom is iyos SekveTili. inkluzivebia aseve sakruize,
hob-turebi da a.S.
inkluziv turis realizaciisas misi momsaxurebebis Semadgenloba ar
icvleba. klientma igi unda iyidos mTlianad, an ar iyidos saerTod.
inkluziv turiebis Rirebulebis udides nawils Seadgens transporti-
rebisa da ganTavsebis xarjebi, SedarebiT naklebs – kveba. danarCeni momsa-
xurebebis, maT Soris saeqskursio, xarjebi Seadgenen mTeli Rirebulebis
mcire nawils.
inkluziv turebi iZleva saSualebas moxdes specialuri saaviacio
tarifebis gaangariSeba, romlebsac aviakompaniebi aZleven turkompaniebs
swored am turebisaTvis. inkluziv turi turistuli tarifisaTvis, sahaero
transportis saerTaSoriso organizaciis (IATA) moTxovnebis Sesabamisad,
unda Seicavdes sul mcire sam momsaxurebas: aviagadafrenebi, sastumroebSi
ganTavseba mTel marSrutze da kidev erTi, nebismieri damatebiTi
momsaxureba (eqskursia, avtotransportis arenda da a.S.).
miuxedavad aseT turebze moTxovnebis meryeobisa, maT mainc aqvT gark-
veuli `rezervi~ Semdgomi ganviTarebisaTvis:
 kompleqsuri mogzauroba mTlianad Rirs ufro iafi, vidre calk-
calke nayidi momsaxurebaTa nakrebi;
 tursaagentosaTvis iolia klientisaTvis rekomendaciebis Camoya-
libeba, ramdenadac programa da fasebi winaswar cnobilia;
 metia SesaZlebloba aCveno Seni produqtis mimzidveloba.
inkluziv-turis uaryofiT mxareebs (naklovanebebs) miekuTvneba:

20
  turis SemadgenlobaSi iseTi momsaxurebis arsebobis
SesaZlebloba, romelic ar ainteresebs calkeul klients;
 programebis zedmeti gadatvirTva (im motiviT, rom misaRebi iyos
bevrisaTvis);
 aseTi produqtis reklama izidavs ara yvelas, aramed klientebis
garkveul kategorias.
Taviseburi problemebiT xasiaTdeba operatoris saqmianoba SekveTili
turebis formirebisa da Semdeg maTi realizaciis procesSi.
SekveTili turebis organizebaze orientirebis SemTxvevaSi
turoperators aucileblad esaWiroeba mudmivad hqondes garkveuli
adgilebis kvotebi sastumroebSi (konkretuli SekveTis gareSe), garToba-
dasvenebis sxva obieqtebze (aseT SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva
tipis/moTxovnilebebis mqone klientebis survilebis adeqvaturi
dakmayofileba). gayidvebis dros SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva tipis SekveTebis
(survilebi) warmoSoba. mas uxdeba muSaoba turistebTan, romlebic
ganTavsebulni arian sxvadasxva sastumroSi. gacilebiT iolia movaTavsoT
isini erTad da amiT gavaioloT momsaxurebis organizacia – rogorc
inkluzivis SemTxvevaSi.
turistul bazarze ukanaskneli aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi momxdar
cvlilebebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic SeiZleba davaxasiaToT rogorc tu-
ristuli konveiridan (konveiruli momsaxurebidan) diferencirebul momsa-
xurebaze gadasvla, SeimCneva SekveTili turebis wilis zrda inkluziv-
turebTan mimarTebaSi. firmebi iZulebuli arian gaiTvaliswinon turiste-
bis fsiqologia, romlebic yovelTvis aRweven momsaxurebis SerCevaSi Tavi-
suflebis maqsimums: es aisaxeba aseve SekveTil da inkluziv turebSi momsa-
xurebaTa raodenobis Semcirebis evoluciur tendenciaze. turistul
kompaniebs am Semcirebebisaken ubiZgebs konkurentuli brZolac da
survilic _ gavidnen bazarze rac SeiZleba iafi produqtiT. faqtiurad,
programidan garkveuli servisebis moxsnis safasurad iqmneba SedarebiTi
siiafis iluzia. magaliTisaTvis, Zalze bevri kompaniebi maT mier
SeTavazebul turebSi toveben mxolod inkluziv-turisadmi wayenebuli
saerTaSoriso moTxovnebis minimums (3 servisi) – gadafrena, sastumroSi
ganTavseba mTel marSrutze da transferi aeroportSi da ukan. sxva
danarCen saWiro momsaxurebebs turistebi yiduloben ukve adgilze
damatebiTi gadasaxadebis xarjze.
rogorc ukve iyo aRniSnuli, yvela turistuli mogzauroba xorci-
eldeba jgufur, an individualur safuZvelze, turistis xasiaTidan da
biujetidan, aseve turis Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare. individualuri
mogzauroba (rogorc wesi, es SekveTili turia) turists aniWebs did
Tavisuflebasa da damoukideblobas, Tumca Zviria. jgufuri mogzauroba
(ufro xSirad inkluziv-turi) ufro iafi da xelmisawvdomia masiuri turi-
zmisaTvis, Tumca, am SemTxvevaSi, yoveli monawile unda daemorCilos
erTian sqemas da wess.
SekveTili, individualuri turebis organizacia, rogorc ukve iyo
aRniSnuli, Zalze Sromatevadi saqmea, romelic moiTxovs kompiuteruli
sistemebis gamoyenebas bronirebis, dispeCerizaciis, gaangariSebebisa da

21
sxva operaciebis dros. SekveTili individualuri turi, ekonomikuri
TvalTaxedviT, firmisaTvis momgebiania, ramdenadac iZleva met Semosavals
erT turistze gaangariSebiT. Sesabamisad, saqarTveloSi turizmis
ganviTarebis strategiis formirebisas, unda ganisazRvros individualuri
turizmis adgili da Catardes am kuTxiT Sesabamisi kvleviTi samuSaoebi,
damuSavdes adeqvaturi turistuli produqti.
paket-turi (tur-paketi) _ es aris momsaxurebis kompleqsi, romelic
SeeTavazebaT individualuri an jgufuri turis dros, romelic gaTva-
liswinebulia momxmarebelTa farTo wreze da romelSic, transportirebis
garda, Sedis ganTavseba, gidis momsaxureba, kveba da sxva.
turpaketis formirebaze moqmedi faqtorebia:
 mocemul marSrutze mogzaurobis moTxovnis arseboba;
 materialuri bazis, infrastruqturisa da momsaxurebis SesaZleb-
lobaTa arseboba;
 avia da sxva satransporto kompaniebTan urTierToba;
 gamgzavn da mimReb qveynebs Soris urTierToba;
 urTierToba partnior turistul organizaciebTan (servisebis
momwodeblebTan);
 mimReb qveyanaSi turizmis ganviTarebis done;
 mimReb qveyanaSi politikuri stabiluroba.
unda aRiniSnos, rom politikuri stabilurobis momenti Zalze sayu-
radReboa turoperatorisaTvis strategiis gamomuSavebis procesSi. cnobi-
lia araerTi faqti, rodesac swored am mizezis gamo mkveTrad daeca tu-
ristebis odenoba sxvadasxva qveyanaSi. Sesabamisad seriozulad izarales
turoperatorebma, romlebmac ver SeZles pereorientireba. Tumca unda
aRiniSnos, rom stabilurobis miRwevisTanave mdgomareoba kvlav swordeba.
es gansakuTrebiT exeba qveynebs Tbili klimatiTa da misaRebi fasebiT.
turpaketis fasi. turistuli paketis warmatebis safuZveli _ fasia,
romliTac esa Tu is turi eTavazeba bazars. faswarmoqmnaSi yvelaze
mobilurebi arian specializirebuli turoperatorebi, romlebsac aqvT
erTaderTi, garkveuli gagebiT unikaluri, turpaketi. isini paketis fass
gansazRvraven momsaxurebis SeZenaze gaweuli xarjebiT, romelsac emateba
sxva xarjebis saangariSo sidide da mogebis garkveuli procenti.
masiuri bazris turoperatorebi ZiriTadad orientirebuli
(damokidebuli) arian konkurentebis fasze, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac
fasebi iklebs (e.w. `mkvdari sezoni~).
turpaketis fasis gansazRvrisas, turoperatorebi iTvaliswineben
bazris lideris fasebs. msxvili turoperatorebi amcireben xarjebs da
amiT ar aZleven Sanss Tavis konkurentebs warmatebas miaRwion faswarmoe-
baSi. faswarmoqmnaSi yvelaze metad gamoyenebuli meTodia fasebis xarjebze
orientireba, anu iangariSeba turis TviTRirebuleba da emateba mogebis
wili.
mogebis procenti, romelic ideba turpaketis fasSi sxva xarjebis
(fondebSi gadaricxvebis, saxelfaso fondis) dasafarad da sufTa mogebis

22
misaRebad, meryeobs 15-30% Soris. ar SeiZleba dagvaviwydes turizmSi fase-
bis gaangariSebisas rigi Taviseburebebi. magaliTad, Tu sezonur prog-
ramaSi garkveuli adgilisaTvis gamoyenebulia xangrZlivvadiani Carteruli
reisebis seria, sastumroSi ganTavsebis principi `book to back~ (`jgufi
gavida - jgufi Sevida~, dRe ar ikargeba), xarjebi iangariSeba garkveuli
adgilebis dasajdomi adgilebis mqone, garkveuli tipis TviTmfrinavis
raRac `N~ raodenobis gafrenebiT, rasac emateba TiTo carieli frena
sezonis TavSi da boloSi (es is SemTxvevaa, rodesac gansazRvrulia
bazari, aris kontigenti, gaformebulia xelSekrulebebi da saWiroa
gegmazomieri transportireba). es aris sezonuri Carteruli programis
sruli xarjebi. is iyofa Semosvlebis raodenobebze _ es aris erTi frenis
fasi, romelic Sedis paket-turis fasSi.
amasTan, turoperatorebi, fasis xarjviTi meTodiT gaangariSebisas,
rodesac iyeneben marketigis monacemebs, orientirs akeTeben saSualo
sabazro fasebze. es aris konkurenciis pirobebSi gadarCenis aucilebeli
instrumenti.
turizmSi fasebi asaxaven moTxovnebis cvalebadobas wlis sxvadasxva
periodSi, rodesac xarjebi da Semosavlebi ganawilebulia araTanabrad.
fasebi klebulobs e.w. `mkvdari sezonis~ periodSi da imatebs pikis dros.
es aris gavrcelebuli movlena SedarebiT nakleb specializirebul
operatorTa Sorisac, romlebic iyeneben faswarmoqmnis naklebad rTul
teqnikas mogebis miRebisaTvis.
faswarmoqmnis strategia ganviTarebis stadiaSia, gansakuTrebiT
paket-turebis, rogorc yvelaze masiuri produqtis, formirebisas. maTi
fasi SeiZleba damokidebuli iyos ara mxolod turistuli momsaxurebis
bazris mdgomareobaze, an konkurenti operatorebis fasebze, aramed sxva
turebis fasebzec.

23
 taim - auti

1. gameoreba – codnis dedaa!

 ra aris momsaxurebis klas(eb)i?

 rogori klasebi gamoiyeneba turopereitingSi momsaxurebis
donis aRsaniSnavad? daaxasiaTeT isini.
 ra aris ZiriTadi da damatebiTi momsaxureba? riT
gansxvavdebian isini?
 ganmarteT _ ras niSnavs `momsaxurebis paketi~.
 raSi mdgomareobs SekveTili da inkluziv turebis
upiratesoba da nakli?
 rogori jgufuri mogzauroba gvxvdeba _ SekveTili Tu
inkluzivi?
 ganmarteT cneba `turistuli paketi~ da daasaxeleT mis
dakompleqtebaze moqmedi faqtorebi.
 rogor isazRvreba turpaketis fasi?
 daasaxeleT turizmSi faswarmoqmnaze moqmedi faqtorebi.

2. SegiZlia Tu ara codnis praqtikaSi gamoyeneba?

 SearCieT ori turoperatoruli kompania (profesiuli

TvalsazrisiT, ar aris cudi, Tu erTxel SearCevT 2-3 kompanias da
mere maT masalaze regularulad imuSavebT – iqneb xval am
kompaniaSi moxvdeT?), aiReT maTi sareklamo masalebi (nabeWdi,
internetSi) da gamoyaviT maT Soris inkluziv turebi.

- daasabuTeT Tqveni aseTi (turebis Sesaxeb) gadawyvetileba!

 Sesabamisi inkluziv turisaTvis Seadgine ZiriTad momsaxurebaTa

nusxa da Semdeg SesaZlo (realobasTan maqsimalurad
miaxloebuli) damatebiTi momsaxurebebis CamonaTvali.

24
1.5 turis proeqtireba
turis proeqtireba gulisxmobs im organizaciis SesaZleblobaTa
Tavsebadobas turistebis moTxovnilebebTan, vinc axorcielebs turis
dagegmvas. samwuxarod CvenTan (saqarTveloSi) es procesi jer kidev ar
aris standartizirebuli saxelmwifos mier.
saproeqto dokumentacia unda Seicavdes moTxovnebs usafrTxoebis
Sesaxeb, romelic uzrunvelyofilia kanoniT `momxmarebelTa uflebebis
dacvis Sesaxeb~, turistis sicocxlis, janmrTelobisa da qonebis, aseve
garemos dacvis Sesaxeb.
momsaxurebis proeqtirebis safuZvels warmoadgens misi verbaluri
modeli (mokle aRwera) _ SemkveTTan SeTanxmebuli moTxovnebis nakrebi,
romelic momsaxurebis bazris analiziT aris gamovlenili da momsaxurebis
Semsruleblis SesaZleblobebi.
momsaxurebis maxasiaTeblebi unda Seesabamebodes am momsaxurebaze
arsebul saxelmwifo standartebs. proeqtSi CarTuli unda iyos konkretu-
li moTxovnilebebi momsaxurebis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofasTan, momxma-
reblisa da misi qonebis riskebis minimizaciasTan, momsaxure personalTan
da garemomcvel bunebriv garemosTan dakavSirebiT.
dokumentacia, romelic asaxavs turistisadmi gasawevi nebismieri mom-
saxurebisadmi wayenebul moTxovnebs, unda Seicavdes:
 turistebis momsaxurebis procesis, formisa da meTodis aRweras;
 turistis momsaxurebis procesis daxasiaTebas;
 gamoyenebuli mowyobilobebis tipebis, raodenobisa da gamtaruna-
rianobis moTxovnebs;
 personalis garkveul raodenobas da maT profesiul dones;
 momsaxurebis xelSekrulebiT uzrunvelyofas;
 turistebis momsaxurebis garantiebs;
 SeTanxmebebs rekreaciuli resursebis mepatroneebTan, sanitarul-
epidemiologiuri kontrolis samsaxurTan, saxanZro kontrolTan
da sxva.
turistebis momsaxurebisadmi konkretuli moTxovnebi unda Seesabame-
bodnen analogiur saxelmwifo standartebsa da normatiul dokumentebs.
turistebis momsaxurebis procesis proeqtireba xorcieldeba momsa-
xurebis SeTavazebis calkeuli etapebis Sesabamisad da TiToeuli maTgani-
saTvis teqnologiuri rukebis aucilebeli Sedgenis moTxovniT. turistuli
momsaxurebis proeqtirebis Sedegi aris teqnologiuri dokumentacia
(teqnologiuri ruka, instruqcia, wesi, reglamenti).
momsaxurebis `turistuli mogzauroba~ proeqtireba iTvaliswinebs
or etaps:
1. momsaxurebaSi `turistuli mogzauroba~ CarTuli TiToeuli
turis proeqtirebas turistebis momsaxurebis programis
Sesabamisad;

25
 2. momsaxurebis `turistuli mogzauroba~ proeqtireba mTlianad.
momxmareblis moTxovnis Sesabamisad momsaxurebis proeqtirebis dros
aucileblad unda iqnas gaTvaliswunebuli momsaxurebis Sesrulebis SesaZ-
leblobebi.
momsaxurebis `turistuli mogzauroba~ mokle aRwera keTdeba mosax-
leobis moTxovnisa da gadaxdisunarianobis, turistuli mogzaurobis
saxeobaze moTxovnilebis Seswavlis da konkretul regionSi rekreaciuli
resursebis SesaZleblobaTa analizis safuZvelze. isini konkretdebian
proeqtSi _ turistebis momsaxurebis programa. programis Sedgenisas unda
ganisazRvros:
 mogzaurobis marSruti;
 momsaxurebis Semsrulebeli turistuli organizaciebis CamonaT-
vali;
 momsaxurebis Semsrulebeli yoveli turistuli organizaciis
konkretuli momsaxurebis SeTavazebis periodi (dro);
 eqskursiebisa da RirsSesaniSnavi obieqtebis nusxa;
 turistuli gasvlebisa da gaseirnebebis CamonaTvali;
 dasvenebiTi xasiaTis RonisZiebebis kompleqsi;
 marSrutis yovel punqtSi yofnis xangrZlivoba;
 mogzaurobaSi monawile turistebis raodenoba;
 Sida gadazidvebisas gamoyenebuli transportis saxeoba;
 gidebze, eqskursiamZRolebze, sazRvargareTel warmomadgenlebze,
instruqtorebze da Tarjimanze moTxovna, aseve moTxovna maT
momzadebaze;
 satransporto saSualebebis saWiro raodenoba;
 sareklamo, sainformacio masalebis momzadebis Tanmimdevroba,
turistuli sagzurebisaTvis gamoyenebuli mogzaurobis aRweris
Semcveli furclebis forma da raodenoba.
turis proeqtirebis Sedegi aris sworad Sedgenili Semdegi
dokumentebi:
a. turistuli mogzaurobis teqnologiuri ruqa (ix. danarTi #1);
b. momsaxurebis momwodebeli organizaciis datvirTvis grafiki (ix.
danarTi #2);
c. turistuli sagzuris sainformacio furceli (ix. danarTi #3);
d. turistebis momsaxurebis programebi.
saxelmwifo standartebis Sesabamisad, turistuli momsaxurebisadmi
wayenebuli saerTo moTxovnebi iyofa 2 jgufad: savaldebulo da
sarekomendacio.
savaldebulo _ sicocxlisa da janmrTelobis usafrTxoeba, turis-
tebis qonebis dacva da garemomcveli samyaros dacva;

26
 rekomendirebuli _ daniSnulebisadmi Sesabamisoba, Sesrulebis
sizuste da drouloba, kompleqsuroba, momsaxure personalis eTikuroba,
komfortuloba, esTetiuroba, ergonomiuloba.
ramdenadac savaldebulo moTxovnebis Sinaarsi principulad
gasagebia, ganvmartoT rekomendirebuli moTxovnebis Sinaarsi:
daniSnulebisadmi Sesabamisoba _ turistuli momsaxureba unda
Seesabamebodes im momxmareblis molodinsa da fizikur SesaZleblobebs,
visTvisacaa gaTvaliswinebuli momsaxureba aq gansakuTrebiT sayuradRebo
is garemoebaa, rom Cveni Sida bazari saerTod ar iTvaliswinebs
unarSezRuduli kategoriis SesaZleblobebsa da pirobebs;
Sesrulebis sizuste da drouloba _ momxmareblisadmi SeTavazebuli
momsaxureba moculobis, vadebisa da momsaxurebis pirobebis Sesabamisad
unda Seesatyvisebodes im moTxovnebs, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia
sagzuriT, bileTiT, qviTriT da a.S.;
kompleqsuroba _ turistuli momsaxurebis SeTavazeba unda
uzrunvelyofdes imis SesaZleblobas, rom miRebuli iqnas ara mxolod
ZiriTadi, aramed damatebiTi momsaxurebac (sayofacxovrebo, kavSirgabmu-
loba, savaWro da a.S.), rac saerTo jamSi qmnis momxmareblis sasicocxlo
interesebis normalur pirobebs (Sesabamisad gasaTvaliswinebelia am
infrastruqturis mdgomareoba mogzaurobis mTel marSrutze – turistma
winaswar unda icodes sad ra iqneba SesaZlebeli);
momsaxure personalis eTikuroba _ momsaxure personali unda
icavdes qcevis eTikur normebs. momxmarebeli uzrunvelyofili unda iyos
personalis yuradRebiT, keTilganwyobiT da komunikabelurobiT;
komfortuloba _ turistuli momsaxureba unda SeeTavazos komfor-
tul pirobebSi, rac iqmneba momxmareblisaTvis (sastumros mosaxerxebeli
gegmareba, racionaluri mowyobiloba, mopirkeTeba, aRWurva da a.S.). Cvens
realobaSi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas moiTxovs satrnsporto
saSualebebis marSrutis Sesabamisad SerCevis sakiTxi;
esTetiuroba _ Senobis, turistuli organizaciis teritoriis mxatv-
ruli gadawyveta, marSrutis sivrculi organizacia (atraqciuloba),
SenobaTa interieris gaformeba unda Seesabamebodes kompoziciuri
harmoniulobisa da arqiteqturuli mTlianobis moTxovnebs. momsaxure
personalis garegnuli saxe da metyvelebis kultura unda Seesabamebodes
esTetiurobis moTxovnebs (aRniSnuli moTxovna kidev erTxel usvams xazs
kadrebis specializebuli momzadebis aucileblobas);
ergonomiuloba _ momsaxurebis xangrZlivoba, turistuli da saeqs-
kursio marSrutebis sigrZe da sirTule (xangrZlivi mgzavrobisas
dagegmili gaCerebebis monacvleoba), turistebisaTvis micemuli turistuli
mowyobiloba da inventari, gamoyenebuli satransporto saSualebebi, aveji
da sxva mowyobilobebi unda Seesabamebodnen turistis fiziologiur da
fsiqologiur SesaZleblobebs.
momsaxurebis dagegmvisas aucilebelia gaTvaliswinebuli iqnas
turistTa momsaxurebis xarisxis kontroli.
xarisxis kontrolis proeqtireba gulisxmobs:

27
  momsaxurebis procesSi im sakvanZo momentebis gansazRvras, romle-
bic arsebiTad moqmedeben momsaxurebis xasiaTze;
 momsaxurebis xasiaTis koreqtirebis meTodis gansazRvra;
 sakontrolo poziciebis (Tvisebebis) Sefasebis meTodebis
gansazRvra.
kontrolis meTodebs SeiZleba ganekuTvnebodes: vizualuri (marSru-
tebisa da obieqtebis daTvaliereba), analitikuri (dokumentaciis analizi),
sociologiuri (turistebis, personalis gamokiTxva) da sxva.
momsaxurebis proeqtis damagvirgvinebeli etapia proeqtis analizi,
romelic mimarTulia SesaZlo Seusabamobebis drouli gamovlenisa da
aRmofxvrisaTvis. is xorcieldeba turistuli organizaciis Sesabamisi
funqcionaluri qvedanayofis (ganyofilebis) mier. proeqtis analizis
Sedegi _ turistuli organizaciis teqnologiuri dokumentaciis
gamarTuli (gasworebuli) Sinaarsia.
dagegmili turistuli momsaxurebis dokumentacias da turistTa
momsaxurebis process, SemkveTTan SeTanxmebiT, amtkicebs turistuli
organizaciis xelmZRvaneli. cvlilebebis Setana proeqtSi SesaZlebelia
mxolod dasabuTebulad, SemkveTTan SeTanxmebis safuZvelze da mas kvlav
amtkicebs turistuli organizaciis xelmZRvaneli.

28
 taim - auti

1. gameoreba – codnis dedaa!

 ra aris turis proeqtireba?

 romeli sakanonmdeblo dokumentebiT aris gansazRvruli
turis proeqtireba?
 ra aris turis verbaluri modeli da risgan Sedgeba igi?
 ras Seicavs is dokumentacia, romelic axdens turistebis
momsaxurebis procesis moTxovnaTa detalizacias?
 ra unda iyos CarTuli momsaxurebis mokle aRweraSi
`turistuli mogzauroba~ da turistis momsaxurebis programis
proeqtSi?
 rogor igegmeba turi da ra dokumentebiT formdeba igi?
 daasaxeleT turistebis momsaxurebis xarisxis kontrolis
meTodebi.
 ra saWiroa momsaxurebis `turistuli mogzauroba~ proeqtis
analizi?
 vin amtkicebs dokumentacias dagegmil (daproeqtebul)
momsaxurebasa da momsaxurebis procesze? SeiZleba Tu ara
masSi cvlilebebis Setana?

2. SegiZlia Tu ara codnis praqtikaSi gamoyeneba?

a) Seadgine turistebis momsaxurebis programis proeqti avtoturze:

Tbilisi – gori – quTaisi - Tbilisi.
- gansazRvreT:
a) mgzavrobis marSruti;
b) momsaxurebis momwodebeli turistuli organizaciebis
CamonaTvali;
c) yoveli organizaciisaTvis momsaxurebis mowodebis periodi;
d) eqskursiebisa da RirsSesaniSnaobebis CamonaTvali; turistuli
gasvlebisa da eqskursiebis nusxa;
e) dasasvenebeli RonisZiebebis kompleqsi;
f) marSrutis TiToeul obieqtze yofnis periodi (qronometraJi);
g) mogzaurobaSi monawile turistebis sasurveli(ratom?)
raodenoba;
h) gidisa da eqskursiamZRolebis saWiroeba;
i) Sida gadayvanebisaTvis satransporto saSualebebis raodenoba da saxe;
j) sareklamo da sainformacio masalebis forma da raodenoba, aseve im
furclebis raodenoba, romlebic axlavs sagzurs mogzaurobis aRweriT.
29
 1.6 momsaxurebis programa
momsaxurebis programa _ es aris momsaxurebis nakrebi, romelic eTa-
vazebaT turistebs maTi moTxovnilebebisa da turis Tematikis Sesabamisad,
romelic winaswar aris gadaxdili da ganawilebuli turis Catarebis
droze (periodze).
momsaxurebis programis Sedgenisas, rogorc wesi, gamoiyeneba Semdegi
midgomebi:
a. turoperatorsa da turagents Soris xelSekrulebis gaformebisas
(anda individualuri turis realizaciisas) _ momsaxurebis
programa muSavdeba, Tanxmdeba da mtkicdeba mxareebis mier
momsaxurebis nakrebis saxiT (sia), momsaxurebis dReebze
gadanawilebis gareSe. es ganpirobebulia imiT, rom winaswar
Znelia ganisazRvros muzeumebis muSaobis, eqskursiebis,
turistebisaTvis sainteresi speqtaklebisa da koncertebis
Catarebis konkretuli TariRebi.
magaliTisaTvis: xuTdRiani inkluziv-turi `Tbilisi _ saqarTvelos
dedaqalaqi~ SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos Semdegi saxiT:
1. ganTavseba 2-3 adgilian nomrebSi turistuli klasis sastumroSi;
2. kveba restoranSi – sruli pansioni;
3. eqskursiebi: gacnobiTi eqskursia (avtobusiT), Tbilisis muzeumebSi
(avtobusiT), Zveli Tbilisi (fexiT), da a.S.;
4. damatebiTi RonisZiebebi: rusTavelis Teatris speqtaklze daswreba
(aseve SeiZleba iyos ganxiluli nebismieri sxva Teatri, opera,
filarmonia da a.S.); gaseirneba maRaziebSi _ suvenirebis SeZena;
5. turistebis transferi – Sexvedra da gacileba aeroportSi.
es programa Tan erTvis partniorebs Soris gaformebul xelSekru-
lebas, an formdeba rogorc SekveTa (dajavSnis furceli) turis individua-
luri gayidvis SemTxvevaSi.
b. uSualod jgufis Semosvlis win, daaxloebiT 3 dRiT adre
(SeTanxmebis Sesabamisad), partniori organizaciebi damatebiT
(faqsis, el-fostis saSualebiT) aTanxmeben jgufis momsaxurebis
konkretul programas dReebis Sesabamisad da sastumros _ sadac
icxovreben. individualuri turisti aseT programas iRebs
saagentoSi sagzuris an vauCeris miRebasTan erTad.
aseTi programis zogadi saxe aseTia:
inkluziv-turi `Tbilisi _ saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi~, turis xangr-
Zlivoba – 5 dRe (1-5 aprili). turistebis ganTavseba
moxdeba sastumroSi `metexi palasi~; kveba _ sruli
pansioni sastumroSi.
momsaxurebis programa
pirveli dRe: jgufis Camosvla TbilisSi, Sexvedra aeroportSi (gidi,
avtobusi);

30
 dabinaveba sastumroSi `metexi – palasi~;
- sadili;
- mokle gacnobiTi gaseirneba TbilisSi;
- vaxSami.
meore (tipiuri – mesame, meoTxe) dRe
- sauzme
- programiT gaTvaliswinebuli konkretuli RonisZieba;
- sadili;
- programiT gaTvaliswinebuli konkretuli RonisZieba;
- vaxSami;
- Tavisufali dro (damatebiTi momsaxurebis RonisZiebebi).
bolo (mexuTe) dRe
- sauzme;
- gacileba aeroportSi.
SeniSvna:
a. boloswina saRamos kargi iqneba Tu moxdeba Sexvedra jgufTan,
Sejamdeba programis Sedegebi, vaxSami iqneba gamosamSvidobebeli –
suvenirebis gadacemiT da a.S.
b. bolo dRis programis gansazRvrisas gasaTvaliswinebelia TviT-
mfrinavis frenis ganrigi.
turis momzadeba gulisxmobs turistebisaTvis momsaxurebis
kompleqsis aRmoCenas, maTi moTxovnebis, momsaxurebis donis, turis
Sinaarsisa da momsaxurebis SeTavazebis teqnologiis gaTvaliswinebiT.
momsaxurebis done ganisazRvreba Semdegi turistuli momsaxurebebis
doneTa saerTo jamidan: ganTavseba, kveba, saeqskursio, satransporto
momsaxureba, dasveneba da aseve maTi mkacri (zusti) Sesabamisobidan turis
mizanTan.
turis organizaciisa da Catarebis teqnologia ganisazRvreba momsa-
xurebis optimalurobiT, rac mdgomareobs (gamoixateba) momsaxurebis
mTeli programis formirebisadmi kompleqsur midgomaSi da yoveldRiuri
dasasvenebel-saeqskursio programis SedgenaSi.
momsaxurebis optimaluri programa _ es iseTi programaa, romelic
iTvaliswinebs klientis moTxovnilebebs da momsaxurebis Tematikas
(turizmis saxe) Sinaarsis TvalTaxedviT, momsaxurebis Semadgenlobas
(saxeebis), maTi raodenobis da SeTavazebis Tanmimdevrobas.
turis programis Sedgenisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT ara mxolod mom-
saxurebis komfortulobis garkveuli done, aramed momsaxurebis programi-
sa da mogzaurobis miznis Sesabamisoba. aranairi azri ara aqvs SevTavazoT
Tbilisis istoriuli memkvidreobis gasacnobad Camosul stumars mtkvarze
navebiT seirnoba, Tu is dakavSirebuli ar iqneba Zveli Tbilisis yofa-
cxovrebis CvenebasTan. Tu gansazRvrulia saqmiani turi, maSin saeqskursio
programac ki saqmiani adamianebis interesebidan unda gamomdinareobdes. Tu

31
programa folkloruli (eTnografiuli) xasiaTisaa, maSin mTeli saeqskur-
sio-dasasvenebeli (Tavisufali) dro unda daeTmos adgilobrivi folklo-
ris, erovnuli Taviseburebebis, adgilobrivi warmoebis (suvenirebi,
gamoyenebiTi xelovneba) da a.S. gacnobas.
amasTan erTad, dRis programis Sedgenisas aucilebelia gaTvaliswi-
nebuli iqnas turistuli an sakurorto centris mogzaurobis marSrutis
specifika. did qalaqebSi Sida marSrutebis Sedgenisas aucilebelia saeqs-
kursio mogzaurobebi daigegmos gadaadgilebis manZilebis gaTvaliswinebiT
(mokle manZilze), rasac programis teritoriuli SemuSaveba hqvia. aucile-
belia gaTvaliswinebuli iqnas qalaqSi gadaadgilebis optimaluri marSru-
tebi, riTac daizogeba turistis dro. sadili umjobesia SekveTili iyos im
raionSi, sadac mTavrdeba dRis pirveli naxevris programa an iwyeba meore
naxevris programa. programis teritoriuli SemuSavebis sakiTxi uaRresad
mniSvnelovani momentia, miTumetes mravalferovani reliefis pirobebSi
(zogadad saqartvelo da konkretulad Tbilisi), rodesac gasaTvlelia
TiToeuli gaCerebis adgili (xedebis `gaxsnis~ wertilebi) da amasTan
erTad saqalaqo sagzao qselis mdgomareoba – misi adaptirebuloba
saeqskursio-turistul saqmianobasTan (Tbilisis magaliTze dReisaTvis es
Zalze seriozuli da rTuli amocanaa).
programis Sedgenisas amgvari midgoma marTebuli iqneba iseT marS-
rutzec, sadac gamoyenebulia gadaadgilebis aqtiuri saSualeba. amasTan,
unda gvaxsovdes, programis Tematuri mizanmimarTulebac. anu momsaxurebis
programis Sesatyvisoba mogzaurobis mizanTan (saqmiani Sexvedrebi, pres-
turi, qveynis istoriasTan da cxovrebis wesTan gacnoba da a.S.).
momsaxurebis konkretuli programis Sedgenisas ZiriTadi (gamomgzav-
ni) kompaniidan igeben turistebis calkeul survilebs. aq mxedvelobaSia
ara imdenad moTxovnilebebis Seswavla, ramdenadac turistebis konkretuli
survili ama Tu im obieqtis monaxulebasTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic
SesaZlebelia ar Sedis eqskursiis programaSi.
turistebis momsaxurebis teqnologiaSi Zalze didi mniSvneloba aqvs
gidis kvalifikacias, romelic muSaobs jgufTan. anu im adamians, romelic
pasuxs agebs momsaxurebis xarisxze piradi monawileobiT. garda imisa, rom
gids unda hqondes maRali kvalifikacia, mas unda hqondes sruli informa-
cia turis programis Sesaxeb da unda SeeZlos, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, mom-
saxurebis erTi formis meoreTi Secvla. erTi sityviT, gidis
profesionalizmi, an aseTis ar arseboba, dRes Cvens yoveldRiurobaSi,
turistul-saeqskursio momsaxurebis saerTo warmatebis ganmsazRvreli (60-
70%) momentia.
saqmiani turebis organizebisas aucilebelia stumrebis (turistebis)
ganTavseba maRali klasis sastumros erTadgilian nomrebSi. aucilebelia
gaTvaliswinebuli iqnas sastumroSi an masTan Zalze axlos darbazis aren-
dis SesaZlebloba TaTbirebis, molaparakebebisa da sxva RonisZiebebis
mosawyobad. kavSirgabmulobis, sabanko sistemis momsaxureba _ esec
aucilebeli atributia saqmiani mizniT mogzaurTa momsaxurebisaTvis.
saqmiani turebis organizaciis teqnologia iTvaliswinebs Tavisufa-
li drois gamoyofas saqmis warmoebis, molaparakebebis, saqmiani Sexvedre-
bis organizebisaTvis, rac aseve gaTvaliswinebulia momsaxurebis progra-

32
miT. eqskursiebi, romlebiTac ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli muzeumebis (sxva
dasveneba-gasarTobi obieqtebis) naxva, SeiZleba gadatanili iqnas sxva
droisaTvis.
kongres-turis organizebisas aucilebelia gaTvaliswinebuli iqnas:
 orgteqnikiTa da gamamravlebeli teqnikiT uzrunvelyofa;
 sxdomis CatarebisaTvis farTobis arseboba;
 papkebis (saqaRaldeebis), samkerde niSnebis, mosawvevi baraTebis
damzadeba da maTi ganawileba;
 banketebis, miRebebis, koqteil-saaTis, pres-konferenciis Catareba;
 samdivnos muSaoba.
aucilebelia aseve satransporto momsaxurebis uzrunvelyofa _
eqskursiisaTvis avtobusi, saqmiani SexvedrisaTvis _ msubuqi avtomobili.
SeniSvna:
a. programis Sedgenisas (3 dRiani, 5 dRiani da a.S.) saTvalavSi ar
Sedis Semosvlisa da gasvlis dRe;
b. Semosvlis dRes aucilebelia _ sastumroSi ganTavseba, programis
gacnoba, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi misi koreqtireba (aucileblad
turistebis TanxmobiT), RonisZiebaTa grafikis dazusteba; xolo
saRamos _ sazeimo vazSami programis dawyebasTan dakavSirebiT
(SeiZleba sazeimo vaxSami moewyos dasrulebisTvisac).;
c. folkloruli turebisas organizebuli eqskursiebis periodSi
avtobusSi unda iyos Sesabamisi simRerebis kasetebi, xolo gids
unda SeeZlos komentarebis gakeTeba; amasTan gaTvaliswinebuli un-
da iyos avtobusis gaCerebebi iq, sadac SesaZlebelia maRalxaris-
xovani sasuveniro produqciis SeZena;
d. turistebis mier adgilobriv dResaswaulebSi, masobriv RonisZie-
bebSi, sportul da sxva RonisZiebebSi monawileobis survilis
SemTxvevaSi saWiroa foto da video gadaRebis uzrunvelyofa.

33
 taim - auti

1. gameoreba – codnis dedaa!

 ra aris momsaxurebis programa?

 aRwereT momsaxurebis programis Sedgenis Tanmimdevroba.
 romel parametrebzea damokidebuli turistebis
momsaxurebis done?
 riT ganisazRvreba turis organizaciis teqnologia?
 ra aris momsaxurebis optimaluri programa?

2. SegiZlia Tu ara codnis praqtikaSi gamoyeneba?

 wina paragrafis gavlisas Sesrulebuli momsaxurebis programis

proeqtis safuZvelze, optimalurobis, racionalurobis
principebis dacvisa da Tematuri Sesabamisobis safuZvelze,
Seadgine:

- partniorisaTvis, romelic gigzavnis turistebs, momsaxurebis

winaswari programa (momsaxurebaTa nakrebi);
- turistebis momzaxurebis yoveldRiuri gegma, romelic dgeba
jgufis Camosvlis wina dRes;
- sxvadasxva donis (klasis) momsaxurebis programebi (2 mainc).

 SeadgineT turistebis momsaxurebis programa Tbilisis nebismieri

turkompaniis saxeliT:

- kulturul-SemecnebiTi turi q. TbilisSi (3 dRe);

- kongres turi q. TbilisSi (5 dRe);
- sportuli turi q. TbilisSi (5 dRe).

SeniSvna: davaleba Sesrulebuli unda iyos - a) momsaxurebis nakrebisa

da
b) momsaxurebis dReebis Sesabamisad.

34
1.7 momsaxurebis momwodeblebi
turistebis mogzaurobisas maT momsaxurebaSi mravali organizacia
iRebs monawileobas. maT ganekuTvneba: ganTavsebis organizaciebi (sastumro,
turbaza, moteli da a.S.), kvebis organizaciebi (restorani, kafe, sasadilo
da a.S.), saeqskursio firmebi; satransporto kompaniebi da organizaciebi;
Sou, kino, video da sxva msgavsi organizaciebi; sportuli organizaciebi
da bazebi; rekreaciuli organizaciebi; sayofacxovrebo firmebi; savaWro
organizaciebida a.S. yvela am organizacias, romelic iRebs monawileobas
turis organizebaSi _ momsaxurebis momwodeblebi hqviaT.
turoperatoris gadamwyveti organizaciul-makompleqtebeli rolis
miuxedavad, ar unda dagvaviwydes momsaxurebis momwodebelTa roli da
mniSvneloba. saboloo jamSi turis periodSi turistebTan kontaqti
swored momsaxurebis doneze mimdinareobs. Sesabamisad, turistis mier
turis, rogorc xarisxiani produqtis, aRqma bevradaa damokidebuli
calkeuli momsaxurebis xarisxze; turistebis calkeuli jgufebis
moTxovnilebebis donisadmi maT Sesabamisobaze. swored amitom, programis
Sedgenis dros Zalze didi yuradReba eTmoba momsaxurebis momwodeblebs.
maTTan muSaobisas aucilebelia:
 momsaxurebis xarisxisadmi seriozuli midgoma, aseve firmis
reputaciis gaTvaliswineba _ turistuli bazris sxva
momwodebelTa Soris;
 sastumros, kvebisa da satransporto momsaxurebis obieqtebis
tipebisa da donis Sesabamisoba momxmarebelTa im socialuri
segmentisa da turizmis saxeobisadmi, romelzec aris
orientirebuli konkretuli turi;
 saTanamSromlo xelSekrulebiTi dokumentaciis Sedgenisadmi
kvalificiuri da yuradRebiani midgoma, ramdenadac aman SeiZleba
SemdgomSi imoqmedos Tqveni kompaniis avtoritetze. ramdenadac
klientis winaSe, mTeli Tqveni partniorebis nacvlad,
pasuxismgeblobas Tqven da Tqveni kompania iRebs. amdenad es
momentebi unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli Sida saxelSekrulebo
dokumentaciaSi.
perspeqtiuli partniorebis Zebnis arsi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom
turistuli organizaciebisa da firmebis didi odenobidan, romlebic
registrirebulni arian ama Tu im qveyanaSi, unda SeirCes isini, romlebmac
SeiZleba gamoamJRavnon TqvenTan TanamSromlobis interesi, da amasTan
erTad, isini unda Seesabamebodnen turistebis momsaxurebisadmi Tqvens
interesebsa da moTxovnebs. maTi moZebnisaTvis dReisaTvis SesaZlebelia
gamoyenebuli iqnas komunikaciis farTo SesaZleblobebi. tradiciuli
forma kontaqtebis damyarebisa aris monawileoba specializirebul
gamofenebSi, bazrobebSi da a.S. mTavaria SerCeuli iyos TiToeuli
momsaxurebis mowodebis Sesabamisad saukeTeso varianti (SesaZlebloba).
sastumro da satransporto sferoSi partnioris SerCevisas unda
gvaxsovdes, rom ar aris sasurveli muSaoba mxolod erT partniorTan.
regionSi ramodenime sastumrosa da gadamzidavis arseboba bevrad
afarToebs maTi arCevanis SesaZleblobas da, amasTan erTad, konfliqturi
situaciebis SemTxvevaSi, warmoadgenen alternatiul variantebs. rac

35
Seexeba Sida konkurencias – is mxolod momsaxurebis xarisxis amaRlebis
sasargeblod moqmedebs.
momsaxurebis momwodeblebis SerCeva xdeba regionaluri interesebis,
turizmis saxeobis, momsaxurebis programis Sinaarsis da aseve, momxmarebe-
lTa asakobrivi, socialuri da ekonomikuri segmentis Sesabamisad. Zalze
mniSvnelovania maTi saqmiani kvalifikacia da reputacia.
ganvixiloT ramdenime magaliTi sxvadasxva tipis programebiT
momxmarebelTa sxvadasxva segmentis momsaxurebisa da momsaxurebis momwo-
debelTa Sesabamisi magaliTebi. rogorc miRebulia, gamajansaRebel-
aRdgeniTi (rekreaciuli) turebis organizaciisas SeZlebuli
turistebisaTvis (momsaxurebis komerciuli klasi) aucilebelia
daaxloebiT Semdegi saxis momsaxurebaTa nakrebi (cxrili 1.1)
cxrili 1.1
komerciuli klasi

Mmomsaxurebis paketi moTxovnebi ganTavsebis rekreaciuli pirobebi

pirobebisadmi
maRali klasis dubl sistemis 1-2 Ddidi gamwvanebuli
sastumroSi cxovreba; oTaxiani nomrebi. teritoriis arseboba;
apartamentisa da `luqs~ sportuli moednebi
nomrebis arseboba. elitaruli sportis
kveba – naxevrad
pansioni (SesaZlebelia maRali klasis saxeobebisaTvis (golfi,
sruli pansioni momsaxurebis res- kortebi, cxenosnoba da
SekveTis Sesabamisad), toranisa da baris a.S.);
specialuri menius arseboba. Ria da daxuruli
arseboba; sacurao auzebi;
jgufuri da avtosadgomebi piradi
individualuri eqs- manqanebis gasaCereblad;
kursiebi (arCevanis savaWro-sasuvenire
elitaruli tipis
arseboba). qseli;
sportuli
maRali klasis RonisZiebebisaTvis dar- sxvadasxva Sousa da
dasasvenebel-gasarTobi bazis arseboba (tenisi, sxva gasarTobis
momsaxureba; biliardi da sxva); arseboba;
aRdgeniTi xasiaTis auzis, abanos, saunas Tematuri, bunebrivi da
momsaxureba (masaJi, arseboba; masaJisa da akvaparkebis arseboba;
eqimis konsultacia); manualuri procedu- sakuTari an gamoyofili
sportuli programebi; rebis oTaxi. plaJi;
sakurorto programa saparikmaxerosa da sazRvao da sawyalosno
Sesabamisi silamazis salonis gasarTobebis arseboba
momsaxurebiT; arseboba (iaxta, serfingi, wylis
Tematuri dasasvenebel- wynari dasvenebis mococikli da a. S.)
rekreaciuli (solariumi, zamTris
programebi. baRi da a. S) saTavsoe-
bis arseboba.

36
 momsaxurebis SemoTavazebuli paketis realizaciisaTvis aucilebelia
momsaxurebis Semdegi momwodeblebi:
 umaRlesi klasis rekreaciuli sastumro (sakurorto tipis
dasasvenebeli sastumro);
 saavtomobilo organizacia, romelsac aqvs komfortuli
saeqskursio avtobusebi da msubuqi avtomobilebi turistebisaTvis
misaqiraveblad (SeiZleba mZRoliT);
 maRali klasis momsaxurebis restorani, nomerSi SekveTisa da
menius SeTanxmebis SesaZleblobebiT;
 saeqskursio firma, romelsac SeuZlia umaRlesi klasis gidi-
eqskursiamZRolebis momsaxurebis SeTavazeba da rogorc jgufuri,
aseve individualuri eqskursiebis organizeba;
 Teatralur-samayureblo (samzeri/sacqeri) organizacia, Ramis
klubi, kazino, akvaparki, Tematuri da bunebrivi parki, saTevzao
meurneoba da a. S.
aseTive gamajansaRebeli turi, oRond ekonomikuri klasis, moiTxovs
gansxvavebul momsaxurebas da materialur uzrulvelyofas (cxrili 2)
(cxrili 2)
ekonomikuri klasi
momsaxurebis paketi moTxovnebi ganTavsebis rekreaciuli pirobebi
pirobebisadmi
ekonomikuri klasis sastumro – mcire, mwvane nakveTis
sastumroSi cxovreba; gamartivebuli tipis (2 arseboba; sastumros
kveba – varskvlavi an 2-3 adgi- teritoriis gareT
naxevarpansioni, an liani pansioni, sadac saseirno adgilebis
mxolod sauzme, iafi aris saSualeba Cadgan arseboba;
samzareulo; damatebiTi adgili); mosaxerxebeli
eqskursia – iafi, jgu- sasadilo – TviTmomsa- sazogadoebrivi
furi; xureba, Sveduri magida transportis arseboba
an Ria bufeti dasasvenebel
dasveneba –
SezRuduli meniuTi; adgilebamde da turis-
socialuri xasiaTis;
koqteil-bari – tul
sportuli momsaxureba RirsSesaniSnaobebamde.
xelmisawvdomi;
– yvelasaTvis
xelmisawvdomi spor- sportuli darbazi;
tuli saSualebebis dasasvenebeli adgili –
arseboba. foie, saloni,
dasvenebis kuTxe da a.S.
Sesabamisad aucilebelia momsaxurebis sxva momwodeblebi:
 turbaza, pansioni an ekonom-klasis sastumro (1-2 varskvlaviani);
 avtosatransporto organizacia, romelsac hyavs iafi (araZviri)
avtobusebi;
 TviTmomsaxurebis kafe, restoranSi Sveduri magida;

37
  saeqskursio firma;
 erovnuli parki, atraqcionebis parki.
Tu aseTive turi gaTvlilia saSualo klasis ojaxian turistebze,
aqac moTxovnebs Tavisi specifika aqvs (cxrili 1.3)
cxrili 1.3
saSualo klasi
momsaxurebis paketi moTxovnebi ganTavsebis rekreaciuli pirobebi
pirobebisadmi
3-4 varskvlavian sastum- 2 adgiliani nomrebis ganTavseba mwvane
roSi cxovreba fondi 80-90% damatebiT masivSi;
kveba – sruli pansioni, bavSvis adgilis Cadgmis bavSvTa sportuli
aucileblad bavSvTa saSualebiT; moednebiani sakuTari
meniu; mcire samzareulo gamwvanebuli teri-
eqskursia – saerTo (bavSvebisaTvis); toria (15-25m2 – erT
(bavSvebi da ufrosebi) bavSvTa saTamaSo sawol adgilze);
da cal-calke; adgilebis arseboba; wylis atraqcioni,
bavSvebze zrunvis dasvenebisa da garTobis `gorkebi~ auzSi da
momsaxureba; adgilebi; plaJze;
bavSvTa pedagog- saTavsebi sportul- specialuri saseirno
organizatori; gamajansaRebeli bilikebi
mecadineobisaTvis akvaparkebi, zooparki,
aRdgeniTi xasiTis
(darbazi, abano, sauna, atraqcionebis
momsaxureba (masaJi,
auzi, trenaJori). Tematuri parki,
sauna, eqimis konsulta-
erovnuli parki,
cia, sportuli
delfinariumi da a.S.
momsaxureba).
momsaxurebis momwodeblebi:
 pirveli klasis ojaxuri sastumro (3-4 varskvlavi) bavSvebisaTvis
organizebuli dasvenebis momsaxurebiT;
 sastumroSi kafe da restorani sabavSvo meniuTi;
 avtoatransporto organizacia, romelic iZleva specialurio
saeqskursio avtobusebs, aseve SesaZleblobis farglebSi,
specialuri sabavSvo avtotransporti (vagonebiani avtomatareblebi
da a.S.);
 saeqskurisio firma, romelsac gegmaSi aqvs specialuri sabavSvo
programebi;
 sportuli dawesebulebebi, atraqcionis parkebi, akvaparkebi da a.S.
yvela zemoT moyvanil variantSi mTavari momenti iyo Zalze
seriozuli damokidebuleba momsaxurebis momwodeblebis SerCevisadmi. maTi
sworad SerCevidan, xarisxiani muSaobidan (muSaobis xarisxidan) yalibdeba
Tqveni firmis imiji. Tumca es egreTwodebuli sufTa magaliTebia.
realobaSi turistuli firma muSaobs gansxvavebul (araerTgvarovan)
klienturasTan, aqedan gamomdinare firma valdebulia SesTavazos maT

38
sxvadasxva donis servisebi. mTavari sakiTxi, romelic firmis winaSe dgas,
aris SeTavazebuli momsaxurebis kompleqsuri Sesabamisoba konkretuli
klientis moTxovnebisadmi.
ZiriTadi momsaxurebis (sastumro, kveba, transporti) momwodeblebTan
muSaobisas, xelSekrulebebSi isazRvreba adgilebis kvota, Tumca maTi
aTvisebis sxvadasxva garantiebiT. magaliTad, satransporto kompaniebTan
urTierTobisas, bevri organizacia cdilobs miiRos samgzavro bileTebis
gayidvis ufleba Sida da saerTaSoriso xazebze. xelSekrulebis
safuZvelze turistul firmebs SeuZliaT gayidon samgzavro bileTebi
saagento SeTanxmebis safuZvelze (aviakompaniebTan), aseve arendis (Cartebis)
formiT (mTlianad an nawil-nawil sxva firmebTan erTad) – adgilobrivi
turistuli kompaniebis udidesi umravlesobis saqmianobis ZiriTadi
mimarTuleba dReisaTvis.
turistuli firmebisaTvis arankleb mniSvnelovania urTierToba
sastumroebTan, rac, rogor wesi, isazRvreba xelSekrulebiT adgilebis
kvotasTan dakavSirebiT, 30-80%-iani Sevsebis garantiiT; adgilebis kvotebze
Sevsebis garantiis gareSe; adgilebis winaswari gayidviT sruli gadaxdiT;
mimdinare bronirebiT da a. S.
garda zemoTaRniSnuli teqnologiuri aspeqtebisa, partniorebis
(servisebis momwodeblebi) SerCevisas aucilebelia gaviTvaliswinoT maTi
muSaobis staJi da gamcdileba, maTi samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba da
warmatebuloba turistul saqmianobaSi, licenziebis arseboba da
mowodebuli momsaxurebis done, tarifebi da SeRavaTebi, klientebis
raodenoba da Semadgenloba. sasargebloa gairkves maTi urTierTobis
praqtika da xangrZlivoba sxva turoperatorebTan.
saerTaSoriso turistuli samarTali turoperators akisrebs
serozul pasuxismgeblobas turistebisaTvis miwodebuli xelSekrulebiT
da turis programiT gaTvaliswinebuli momsaxurebis xarsxTan
dakavSirebiT, miuxedavad imisa, turoperatori am momsaxurebas sTavazobs
uSualod Tu mesame subieqtis daxmarebiT.
receptiuli (mimRebi) turoperatori srul pasuxismgeblobas iRebs
turistebis winaSe im momsaxurebaze, rac paketiT aris gansazRvruli
(rogorc ZiriTadi, aseve damatebiTi). amas garda, iniciativiani (gamgzavni)
turoperatori pasuxismgeblobas iRebs yvela damatebiT momsaxurebaze, Tu
maT turists sTavazobs oficialuri partniori, romelTanac gaformebuli
aqvs kontraqti turistebis momsaxurebaze. iniciativiani turoperatori
valdebulia hqondes sruli informacia mimRebi partnioris yvela
dam,atebiTi momsaxurebis nomenklaturaze, Sinaarsze da xarisxze; sezonis
dawyebisas piradad Seamowmos isini da miawodos sruli informacia
turistebs turis gayidviss. amasTan erTad, sapartnioro xelSekrulebaSi
iniciativian da receptiul turoperatorebs Soris unda iyos muxli,
romelic sazRvravs mimRebi mxaris pasuxismgeblobas misi mizeziT klientis
sicocxlis, qonebisa da janmrTelobisaTvis miyenebul zaralTan
dakavSirebiT, SeTavazebuli momsaxurebis (rogorc ZiriTadi, aseve
damatebiTi) farglebSi. swored amitom, Zalze seriozuli amocanaa –
partnioris SerCeva

39
 taim - auti

1. gameoreba – codnis dedaa!

 rogori organizaciebi da sawarmoebi monawileoben turis

dros turistebis momsaxurebaSi?
 rogoria turoperatoris pasuxismgeblobis zoma turis
marSrutze turistebis momsaxurebaSi?
 ra momentebs unda mieqces yuradReba momsaxurebis
momwodeblis SerCevisas?
 ras niSnavs - `SemoTavazebuli momsaxurebis garkveul
klientze kompleqsuri Sesabamisoba~?
2. SegiZlia Tu ara codnis praqtikaSi gamoyeneba?

 gansazRvreT momsaxurebis momwodebelTa sia 2 variantisaTvis:

- samTo turi (mag.: aRmosavleT kavkasionis traverse: omalo-yazbegi);
- kongres turi TbilisSi (erTdRiani samuSao gasvliT borjomSi).
-
 warmoidgineT, rom amzadebT Tematur turebs TbilisSi. qvemoT
CamoTvlili Tematikis Sesabamisad CamoayalibeT TiToeuli
variantisaTvis momsaxurebis momwodebelTa sia
- Tbilisi – saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi;
- Tbilisi – evraziis sazRvari;
- Tbilisi – poeziis qalaqi.
saerTo pirobebi: turis xangrZlivoba 6/5; jgufis Semadgenloba 20-25
kaci; sacxovrebeli pirobebi – 2-3 varskvlavi; kveba
sastumroSi (sruli pansioni), gamosamSvidobebeli vaxSami
– restorani (erovnuli samzareulo); erTi saRamo –
qarTuli xelovnebis gacnoba (sad, ra, ratom?)

 iniciativiani turoperatoris pasuxismgebloba

situacia: klientebi, romlebic gaagzavne egvipteSi, dabrundnen
pretenziebiT. Tqveni oficialuri partniorisagan (egvipteli
receptiuli turoperatori) iyides damatebiTi eqskursia
`marjnis rifebi~. mogzaurobisas ara erTi problema warmoiSva:
a) 10 kacian katerze 20 kaci aiyvanes;
b) yvelas mouwia CayvinTva akvalangebiT, Tumca winaswar arvis kiTxes
icodnen Tu ara xmareba an curva saerTod;
c) wyalqveS uyuradReboba iyo. Sedegi: 1 turists ukbina morenam
(katerze ar aRmoCnda gadasatani afTiaqi), xolo erTi daaviwydaT da
mxolod 1 saaTis Semdeg miakiTxes wamosayvanad.
problema: agebs Tu ara receptiuli turoperatori (Tqven) pasuxs am
damatebiT eqskursiaze momxdar faqtebze da rogor ganawildeba
saerTod pasuxismgebloba?

40
 1.8 turis dagegmva
saxelSekrulebo gegma
manam, sanam turistuli kompania miiRebs gadawyvetilebas ama Tu im
adgilze turis organizebis Sesaxeb, igi awarmoebs seriozul marketingul
samuSaoebs. aucilebelia gamovlenil iqnas moTxovnebi, momxmarebelTa
prioritetebi, moTxovnis tendenciebi. es Seqmnis saSualebas ise daigegmos
turpaketi, rom srulad dakmayofildes momxmareblis (turistis)
moTxovnilebebi. es kvlevebi aucilebelia aseve imisaTvis, rom sworad
warimarTos turis dagegmvis procesi da momsaxurebis momwodeblebTan
dadebuli saxelSekrulebo kampania.
mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi iwyeba 2 wliT adre, vidre gaigzavneba
jgufi axal marSrutze, axal adgilze. cxrilSi 1.4 mocemulia
iniciativiani turoperatoris axali sazafxulo turoperatoruli
programis drois Skala.
moqmedi turoperatoruli programis Cveulebrivi Skala SeiZleba
ganvixiloT receptiuli turoperatoris magaliTze (cxrili 1.5)
cxrili 1.4
iniciativiani turoperatoris axali sazafxulo turoperatoruli
programis drois Skala.
saqmianobis saxe wlebi vada/dro saqmianobis konkretuli saxeebi
samecniero- I weli (2 ivnisi- marketinguli kvlevebi;
kvleviTi wliT agvisto paket-turebis momaval ganviTarebaze
saqmianoba - adre moqmedi ekonomikuri faqtorebis
dagegmva danergvam seqtember Seswavla;
de) i- miRebis savaraudo adgilebis dagegmva
dekemberi
dagegmva- II weli ianvari marketingis meore stadia: daniSnulebis
molaparakebebi alternatiuli adgilebis mravalmxrivi
Teberval Sedareba, maTi SerCeva
i-marti gadawyvetilebis miReba
adgilmdebareobaze, sastumroebze, maT
tevadobaze, turis xangrZlivobaze,
sezonis dasawyisze, gagzavnis vadebze;
aprili- gadawyvetilebis miReba broSurebis,
maisi bukletebis zomasa da dizainze, maT
tiraJze, dabeWvdis vadebze;
broSurebisa da bukletebis
gaformebaze konkursis gamocxadeba;
molaparakebebi aviaxazebTan Carterul
reisebze;
molaparakebebi sastumroebTan, servisis
samsaxurebTan transferze, saeqskursio
operatorebTan

41
saqmianobis saxe wlebi vada/dro saqmianobis konkretuli saxeebi
personalisa da ivnisi kontraqtebis gaformeba sastumroebTan,
bukletebis aviaxazebTan, satransfero, saeqskursio
mosamzadebeli da sxva servisul samsaxurebTan;
samuSaoebi broSuris/bukletis sasignalo
egzempliaris momzadeba da dabeWdva;
katalogisTvis foto-masalis momzadeba
(momzadeba an sxvisis gamoyeneba);
teqstebis pirveladi variantebis
momzadeba;
muSaoba gamformebel studisaTan da
ivlisi- winadadebebi dizainTan dakavSirebiT;
agvisto bukletis/katalogis gamocema;
turis gasayidi fasis gansazRvra
seqtember inflaciisa da savaluto kursis
i- gaTvaliswinebiT;
oqtomber dajavSnis sistemis TanamSromelTa
i momzadeba;
turis saboloo fasis dadgena
(reklamisaTvis);
bukleti/katalogi mzad aris
(dabeWdilia);
dajavSnis sistemebi Seqmnilia.
bazarze gayvana III weli ianvari- dabeWdili broSurebis bazarze
marti ganawileba;
turis bazarze gatanis sastarto
Teberval saqmianoba;
turis pirveli nabeWdi reklamis
i gamoCena masmediaSi;
reklamisa da gayidvis piki;
aprili- kurortebis warmomadgenelTa SerCeva
maisi
da swavleba;
axal turze pirveli gagzavna.

42
 cxrili 1.5
moqmedi turoperatoruli programis drois Cveulebrivi Skala
saqmianobis saxe wlebi vada/dro saqmianobis konkretuli saxeebi
dagegmva da I weli noemberi- molaparakebebi sastumroebTan,
molaparakebebi dasagegmis dekemberi satransfero servisis
wina weli samsaxurebTan, saeqskursio fir-
mebTan da momsaxurebis sxva
momwodeblebTan (rogorc
tradiciulTan, aseve axlad
SerCeulebTan);
beWdvisaTvis axali
bukletis/katalogis sasignalo
egzempliaris momzadeba
saxelSekrulebo II weli ianvari- xelSekrulebis gaformeba
kompania dagegmili Tebervali sastumroebTan, satransfero
bukletebisa da servisis samsaxurebTan da Sida
katalogebis samarSruto satransporto
ganaxleba da Tebervali- organizaciebTan, saeqskursio
gamocema marti biuroebTan da a.S.
bazarze gatana marti- bukleti/katalogi dabeWdilia;
aprili momsaxurebis sistema
Camoyalibebulia;
bukletis/katalogis ganawileba
gamavrcelebel partniorTa Soris;
bazarze gatanis organizacia;
masmediaSi reklaa;
aprili- gayidva;
maisi gidebis, instruqtorebis,
animatorebis da sxva, momzadeba da
daniSvna;
sezonis dawyeba da turistebis
momsaxureba.

partniorebTan (momsaxurebis momwodeblebi) urTierToba formdeba

konkretuli formiT (xelSekrulebis gaformebiT). yoveli axali wlisaTvis
an axali samuSao periodisaTvis (sezonisaTvis) gaTvaliswinebuli unda
iyos saxelSekrulebo kampania, romel periodSic formdeba
xelSekrulebebi. saxelSekrulebo kampaniis win, rogorc wesi, dgeba
saxelSekrulebo gegma, romelic moicavs:
 partnioris dasaxelebas;
 molaparakebis/xelSekrulebis ZiriTad sagans;
 xelSekrulebis moqmedebis vadas;
 xelSekrulebis gaformebis vadas;

43
  gansakuTrebul cnobebs (monacemebs).
es gegma saSualebas gvaZlevs SevadginoT zusti suraTi – turistuli
firmis muSakebis moqmedebis sqema turis momsaxurebis uzrunvelyofaSi.
saxelSekrulebo gegmis Sinaarsi (Semadgenloba) damokidebulia turis
saxesa da momsaxurebebis saxeobebze. sxvadasxva saxis turebis SemTxvevaSi
keTdeba qvegegmebi (qveprogramebi) calkeuli turebis mixedviT da Semdeg
keTdeba erTiani gegma, sadac partniorebis dajgufeba xdeba
xelSekrulebis gaformebis vadebis an geografiuli proncipis gamoyenebiT.
saxelSekrulebo gegmis Sedgenis win ukve naTlad unda iyos warmodgenili
savaraudo partniorebi da aeve unda iyos mzadyofnba imisa, rom
xelSekrulebebi gaformdes pirdapir molaparakebis procesSi (periodSi).
saxelSekrulebo kampaniis perspeqtiuli damuSavebis procesSi
turistuli firmebi farTod iyeneben sxvadasxva sacnobaro-statistikur
masalebs turistuli da sastumroebis xaziT. turistuli saagentoebis,
sastumro-restornebis biznesis cnobarebi, romlebsac gamoscemen
saerTaSoriso turistuli organizaciebi, Seicaven informacias dasvenebisa
da mogzaurobis organizaciis, ganTavsebisa da sastumro momsaxurebis
SesaZleblobebze, romlebSic mocemulia momsaxurebis ZiriTadi saxeebi,
rac SeeTavazebaT turistebs. regularulad ibeWdeba aseve nacionaluri,
regonaluri, adgilobrivi da korporaciuli cnobarebi, gzamkvlevebi,
marSrutebis, RirsSesaniSnaobebis cnobarebi, kalendrebi adgilobrivi
movlenebis aRniSvniT da a. S. yvelaferi is, rac gamoiyeneba turebisa da
momsaxurebis organizebisaTvis, warmoadgens literaturas, romelsac
turoperatori iyenebs axali marSrutebisa da saxelSekrulebo gegmebis
SedgenisaTvis.

44
 taim - auti

1. gameoreba – codnis dedaa!

 rogor formdeba urTierToba momsaxurebis momwodebel

partniorebs Soris?
 rogor Tavebs (paragrafebs) Seicavs saxelSekrulebo gegma?
razea damokidebuli turoperatoris saxelSekrulebo gegmis
Semadgenloba?
 Seadgine tipiuri drois Skala sazafxulo turoperatoruli
programisaTvis.

2. SegiZlia Tu ara codnis praqtikaSi gamoyeneba?

 Tqveni turistuli kompania amusavebs axal `hobi turs~ - `Tbilisi

– poeziis qalaqi (ganvlili paragrafis davaleba). turis
moqmedebis periodia mTeli weli, xolo xangrZlivoba 7/6. kveba:
sastumroSi (sruli pansioni), me-4-5-6 dRes vaxSami sastumros
gareT. Tqveni amocanaa: aRniSnuli turis organizaciisaTvis
SeadginoT firmis saxelSekrulebo gegma sqemis Sesabamisad

xelSekrulebis xelSekrulebis
xelSekrulebis gansakuTrebuli
# partniori moqmedebis gaformebis
ZiriTadi sagani cnobebi
vada dro

 Tqvens turistul saagentos (TbilisSi) gaformebuli aqvs

xelSekruleba ucxour kompaniasTan turistebis miRebaze
programiT: `saqarTvelo – abreSumis did gzaze~ (specialuri
avtobusiT). SeTanxmebuli programa ase gamoiyureba:
I dRe – jgufis miReba, sastumroSi ganTavseba, Tavisufali dro;
II dRe – Tematuri eqskursia `Tbilisi – saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi~
(istoriis, arqeologiis, eTnografiul da xelovnebis
muzeumebSi; Zvel TbilisSi);
III dRe – gamgzavreba goris mimarTulebiT (mcxeTa – saqarTvelos Zveli
dedaqalaqi); gori: sastumroSi dabinaveba, eqskursiebi (goris
cixe, stalinis muzeumi, ufliscixe);
IV dRe – gamgzavreba quTaisSi (dabinaveba sastumroSi) – bagrati,
gelaTi, mowameTa, saTaflia;
V dRe – gamgzavreba axalcixeSi (dabinaveba sastumroSi) – muzeumi,
rabaTi, Tavisufali dro;
VI dRe – aspinZa, xerTvisi, Tmogvi, varZia, axalcixe.
VII dRe – TbilisSi dabruneba da saRamos gamgzavreba.

davaleba: zemoT mocemuli formis Sesabamisad SeadgineT aRniSnuli turis

momsaxurebis momwodeblebTan saxelSekrulebo gegma.

45
 1.9 molaparakebebi momsaxurebis momwodeblebTan (partniorebTan)
momsaxurebis momwodeblebTan xelSekrulebis dadebis process win
uZRvis molaparakebebi. isini unda swarmoebdes imgvarad, rom miRweuli
iyos sasurveli Sedegi _ aucilebeli turistuli produqti (saqoneli an
momsaureba), kargi xarisxis, saWiro raodenobis da sasurvel (TqvenTvis)
fasad.
partniorebTan molaparakebis process seriozuli momzadeba
sWirdeba. aucilebelia gaanalizdes:
1. molaparakebebis garemoeba _ ra gindaT konkretulad
partniorisagan? ra moculobiT? ra periodSi? ra gindaT
partniorisagan damatebiT? rogoria fasebis done saqonelze an
momsaxurebaze partniorTan da bazarze? xdeba Tu ara
moTxovnilebebis diferencireba da a.S.
magaliTi: winaswari SekveTis an grafikis Tanaxmad saWiroa
turistTa jgufis ganTavseba (30 kaci) regularulad 4 dRiani
programiT, yovelkvireulad da mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi. saWiroa
ganTavsebis samsaxuri (sastumro); transporti (avtomobilebis
qiraoba, rkinigzisa da saaviacio bileTebis SekveTa da a.S.);
sportisa da garTobis samsaxurebi (disko-bari, golfi, CogburTi,
auzi, sauna da a.S.). fasi unda Seesabamebodes saSualo bazris fass
gamoklebuli 10% sabiTumo SesyidvisaTvis (adgilebis
garantirebuli dakaveba), rac ar unda aRematebodes #(fiqsirebul)
Tanxas. turistuli (saSualo) klasis ganTavsebisa da momsaxurebis
donis diferencireba ar xdeba. turistebis jgufis semadgenloba
igulisxmeba erTgvarovani _ saSualo.
2. SesaZlo gadawyvetilebebis realizaciis gzebi _ unda vicodeT
konkretulad vin da ras akeTebs da ra droisaTvis; rogor
gadadis gadawyvetilebebis erTi stadia meoreSi; ra stadiaSia
xelSekrulebis gaformebis procesi; vin amzadebs xelSekrulebis
proeqts da jgufebis Semosvlis grafiks; rogor iqneba ganxiluli
damatebiTi momsaxurebis sakiTxebi; CarTuli iqneba isini
xelSekrulebaSi Tavidanve Tu ara; pirobebi Sedis xelSekrulebis
teqstSi, Tu molaparakebisas an emateba, an akldeba raime.
3. molaparakebis procesSi Tqveni partnioris `portreti~ _ ramdenad
gansxvavebuli miznebi gaqvT Tqven da Tqvens partniors? ra
parametrebze (vadebi, momsaxurebis done, servisebis nakrebi) iqneba
dafuZnebuli partnioris strategia da a.S.
aRniSnuli rekomendaciebis gamoyenebis safuZvelze, molaparakebis
dawyebis win, sasargebloa SemuSavdes molaparakebis warmoebis gegma. es
dagexmarebaT gamovlindes Tqveni poziciis susti adgilebi da gamoinaxos
damatebiTi saSualebebi. molaparakebebis warmoebis gegma mogcemT
saSualebas moaxdionoT partnioris moqmedebis moulodnel variantTa
prognozireba da winaswar moamzadoT alternatiuli winadadebebi da
gadawyvetilebebi.
nebismieri molaparakebebisas mniSvnelovania ara marto strategiuli
midgoma, aramed fsiqologiuri damokidebulebac. Tqven ukve moemzadeT

46
molaparakebebisaTvis, romlis Sedegic unda iyos servisebis momwodebel-
Tan gaformebuli xelSekruleba turistebis momsaxurebaze. strategiuli
gegma mzad aris. Tqven xarT mzad fsiqologiurad. xSirad molaparakebebi
CaSlila arasworad SerCeuli tonalobis gamo. amisagan rom viyoT
dazRveuli, fsiqologebma SeimuSaves urTierTobisa da molaparakebis
warmoebis fsiqologiuri wesebi.
gTavazobT molaparakebis warmoebisadmi fsiqologiuri midgomis 9
wess:
1. atitudi (mizandasaxuloba)
gamoavlineT molaparakebisas Tqveni partnioris atitudi (misi
interesebi, Rirebulebebi, mizani) da gamoiyeneT isini Tqveni
kontrargumentebisaTvis, romelTac CarTavT misi msjelobis logikaSi.
magaliTisaTvis: teqnikurad SeaxseneT partniors, Tu ra sikeTes
moutons mas TqvenTan TanamSromloba (sastumros sruli datvirTva,
avtoparkis ukeTesi gamoyeneba da a.S.).
2. Tqven _ midgoma
mosazrebaTa yoveli Sejaxebisa da konfliqtisas, pirvel rigSi
SeecadeT gaarkvioT Tqveni partnioris ganzraxva, molodini da SiSi
(sifrTxile). gaacaniT mas Tqveni interesebi da eWvebi da amis Semdeg
SeecadeT masTan erTad ipovoT gamosavali, romelic orive mxares
daakmayofilebs. warudgineT mas Tqveni garantiebi (mag.: konferenciis
SemTxvevaSi sastumros sruli Sevsebis garantia, Camosuli monawileebis
raodenobis miuxedavad);
3. tolerantoba (meore mxaris moqmedebis Sefasebisadmi momTmeni
damokidebuleba)
ar SeafasoT mowinaaRmdege mxaris moqmedeba, gamoTqviT (gamoxateT)
mxolod Tqveni damokidebuleba am moqmedebasTan (saqcielTan) dakavSirebiT
(mag.: `Tqvenma sityvebma guli matkina~).
4. gonebis gaxsniloba (naTeli goneba)
sxva pozicia, sxva Sexeduleba – es yovelTvis Tqvengan damaluli,
TqvenTvis uxilavi axali zRvari, axali aspeqtia. sxvis pozicias, Tundac
mcdars, pirdapir nu uaryofiT, miiReT rogorc axali varianti. mxolod
yvela alternativis gamovlenis Semdeg unda SeirCes maT Soris saukeTeso.
Tumca amisaTvis saWiroa partniorTan erTad SeTanxmdeT alternativebis
Sefasebis erTian kriteriumebze. isini SeiZleba iyos saerTo interesebi,
romelic moinaxeba nebismier SemTxvevaSi.
5. referentuloba
gaxsovdeT, rom adamianebi moqmedeben (iqcevian) imis Sesabamisad,
rasac moelian misgan garSemomyofni. fsiqologiaSi mas `pigmalionis
efeqti~ ewodeba. TqvenTvis aucilebelia iyoT partniorisaTvis Rirebuli
(mniSvnelovani, referentuli), raTa moaxdinoT garkveuli zemoqmedeba mis
gadawyvetilebebze. referentuloba _ es is saqonelia, romelsac viRebT
Cveni pativiscemis, rwmenis demonstrirebis, ndobisa da `sasiamovno
adamianis~ saxisadmi Sesabamisobis sazRaurad.

47
 6. internaluroba (pasuxismgeblobis Tavis Tavze aReba)
raime warumatablobis mizezebis ganmartebisas, nu daabralebT
yvelafers Tqvengan damoukidebel garemoebebs da sxva adamianebs. aiReT
Tqvens Tavze personaluri pasuxismgebloba momxdarTan dakavSirebiT.
danaSaulis Tavis Tavze aRebisa da bodiSis moxdis unari – es zrdasruli
pirovnebis Tvisebaa. amasTan erTad, aseTi moqmedeba garkveulad
ganaiaraRebs partniors da aiZulebs solidarobis niSnad danaSaulis
simZime Tavis Tavze aiRos (gadainawilos) – isic xom keTilSobilia(!).
7. megobruli pozicia, anu zrdasrulis (mowifulis) pozicia
gaxsovdes, rom Tqveni miznis miRweva SegeZlebaT im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
ar gamoxvalT e. w. “Tanabrobis” poziciidan. es mJRavndeba mSvid, mtkice,
uryev poziciaSi, JestebSi, xmis tonalobaSi, saxis gamometyvelebaSi
molaparakebebis dros aucilebelia gamoavlinoT pativmcemeli
damokidebuleba, simtkice, momxibvleloba da zomiereba – yvela es Tviseba
molaparakebebisas warmatebis sawindaria
8. eTikuroba
nu SeuracxyofT adamianis Rirsebas. awarmoeT patiosani TamaSi, nu
moatyuebT. uaryaviT yvelaferi araeTikuri. SeecadeT dainaxoT Tqveni Tavi
`gverdidan~. es mogcemT saSualebas moaxdinoT moqmedebis koreqtireba da
SeafasoT is esTetiurobisa da eTikurobis poziciidan.
9. SemoqmedebiTi gadawyvetileba
Tavi aarideT Stampebsa da Sablonebs. eZebeT arastandartuli
gadawyvetilebebi. iyaviT originaluri. molaparakebisas SesaZlebelia
gamoyenebul iqnas tipiuri situaciebisa da sakiTxebisadmi araSablonuri
midgomis winaswar momzadebuli variantebi.
yoveli xelSekruleba warmoadgens iuridiul aqts da dokuments,
amitom yovelTvis Tan axlavs samarTlebrivi Sedegebi. Sesabamisad,
aucilebelia ise moemzadoT xelSekrulebis gaformebisaTvis, rom
gaTvaliswinebuli iyos urTierTobis yvela SesaZlo varianti, aseve fors-
maJoruli situaciebi, materialuri da finansuri pasuxismgeblobis
pirobebi, xelSekrulebis moqmedebis, vadamdeli anulirebisa da
prolongaciis vadebi. yvelaferi es dafiqsirebuli unda iyos werilobiT
dokumentebSi (xelSekruleba, kontraqti), romelic damowmebuli unda iyos
xelmZRvanelebis xelmowerebiTa da organizaciebis beWdebiT.
xelSekrulebisaTvis aucilebelia momzaddes jgufebis Semosvlis
(sastumroebisaTvis) grafiki, transportis gamoyofisa da ganawilebis sqema
(satransporto organizaciebisaTvis), TariRebis, vadebisa da raodenobebis
CvenebiT, aseve SeTavazebuli momsaxurebis Rirebulebis kalkulacia da
tarifebi doneebisa da kategoriebis Sesabamisad.

48
 taim - auti

1. gameoreba – codnis dedaa!

 rogor unda moemzado saxelSekrulebo kampaniisaTvis?

 daasaxeleT molaparakebaTa warmoebisadmi fsiqologiuri
midgomis 9 wesi.
 ras warmoadgens xelSekruleba da rogor formdeba igi?
 daasaxeleT turoperatorsa da momsaxurebis momwodebels
Soris gaformebuli xelSekrulebis aucilebeli danarTebi.

2. SegiZlia Tu ara codnis praqtikaSi gamoyeneba?

 aiReT wina praqtikuli davalebis SesrulebaSi `monawile~

momsaxurebis erT-erTi momwodebeli (sastumro, satransporto,
kvebis da a.S. organizacia) da Seadgine masTan molaparakebis gegma.

- gaaanalizeT molaparakebis pirobebi, SesaZlo gadawyvetilebebis

realizaciis gzebi, Tqveni saqmiani partnioris `poretreti~ am
paragrafSi mocemuli rekomendaciebis safuZvelze.

 iyavi patiosani sakuTar TavTan, saRad Seafase Seni

SesaZleblobebi da winaswar Camoayalibe partnioris SesaZlo
mosazrebebi calkeul sakiTxebze (Seni asaki, gamocdileba,
turistul bazarze muSaobis praqtika, zogadi da profesiuli
ganaTleba, finansuri mdgomareoba, imiji da a.S. uamravi momenti,
razec Seni partniori ifiqrebs) da fsiqologiuri midgomis
wesebis (9 wesi) gamoyenebis safuZvelze SeimuSave Seni
kontrargumentebi, romlebiTac daarwmuneb partniors - miiRos Seni
winadadeba.

49
 1.10 momsaxurebis momwodeblebTan xelSekrulebis gaformeba.
xelSekruleba turoperatorebs Soris
mas Semdeg rac dazusteba daniSnulebis adgili, jgufebSi
adamianebis raodenoba da Semosvlis vadebi, dgeba sastumroebTan,
aviaxazebTan da momsaxurebis sxva momwodeblebTan xelSekrulebebisa da
xelmowerebis periodi.
kontraqti (xelSekruleba) aucilebelia mxareebis valdebulebebisa
da pasuxismgeblobebis regulirebisaTvis, kerZod im situaciebSi, rodesac
rCeba gauyidavi adgilebi sastumroebSi, adgilebi TviTmfrinavebSi, an im
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac icvleba CarterulI reisebi, raTa gaTvaliswinebuli
iyos yoveli konkretuli SemTxvevisaTvis sanqciebisa da jarimebis sistema.
turoperatoris swored organizebuli xelSekrulebiTi saqmianoba
exmareba mas, raTa ar moxdes momsaxurebis calkeul momwodebelTa
saqmianobaze damokidebuli. msxvili turoperatorebi, rogorc wesi,
sastumroebTan aformeben xangrZlivvadian xelSkrulebebs garkveul
adgilebze, an sastumros srul datvirTvaze, rac maT dabali fasebiT
momsaxurebis saSualebas aZlevs, Tumca sastumros patronisaTvis aq
garkveuli riskia Cadebuli (maRali inflaciis SemTxvevaSi is dakargavs
Tanxebs). riskis qveS eqceva turoperatoric (is kargavs Tanxebs im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu yvela jgufi ar Semovida).
SedarebiT mcire masStabis (patara) anu specializirebul turopera-
torebs, romlebic yidian gansakuTrebul, damoukidebel, inkluziv-turebs,
SeiZleba hqondeT sastumroebTan xelSekruleba Tavisufali gayidvis (anu
gayidva-angariSis) formiT, romelSic sastumroebi iZlevian garantias
turistebis maqsimaluri odenobis ganTavsebasTan dakavSirebiT. aseTi
xelSekrulebebi gansakuTrebiT misaRebia patara zomis turistuli
programebisaTvis, Tumca masac aqvs garkveuli nakli, ramdenadac sastumos
mflobelebi inarCuneben garkveuli TariRebis daxurvis uflebas.
turizmSi sakontraqto-saxelSekrulebo urTierTobebi regulirdeba
saerTaSoriso da erovnuli samoqalaqo samarTlis normebis Sesabamisad.
saerTaSoriso doneze aseTi urTerTobebi regulirdeba Semdegi
ZiriTadi dokumentebiT:
 saerTaSoriso konvencia mogzaurobis kontraqtis Sesaxeb (22.10.70).
turistuli saagentoebis asociaciebis msoflio federaciis
generaluri asamblea (FUAAB);
 debuleba turistuli kontraqtebisa da gasvlebis Sesaxeb,
romelic miRebulia evropis sabWos usafrTxoebis sabWos wevri
saxelmwifoebis venis Sexvedraze (1992);
 SeTanxmeba saerTaSoriso sahaero gadazidvebis ZiriTadi wesebis
unificirebis Sesaxeb (varSavis konvencia); miRebul iqna 1929 wlis
12 oqtombers, cvlilebebi da damatebebi 1955 da 1975 wlebSi;
 Jenevis konvencia avtomobilebiT saerTaSoriso mgzavrebis
gadayvanisa da bargis gadazidvis Sesaxeb (briuseli, 1967w);

50
  dsT-s qveynebis saparlamentTaSoriso asambleas dadgenileba `dsT-
s qveynebis TanamSromlobis ZiriTadi principebis Sesaxeb turizmis
dargSi~ (1996 wlis 29 oqtomberi);
erovnul doneze xelSekrulebiTi urTierTobebi turizmis dargSi ar
regulirdeba raime erTi sakanonmdeblo aqtiT, amdenad urigo ar iqneba, Tu
saxelSekrulebo saqmianobis dawyebamde Tavi moeyreba da kidev erTzel
gaanalizdeba Semdegi samarTlebriv normatiuli aqtebiT:
 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi;
 saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsi;
 saqarTvelos sahaero kodeqsi;
 saqarTvelos sazRvao kodeqsi;
 saqarTvelos sarkinigzo kodeqsi;
 saqarTvelos kanonebi:
a. samewarmeo saqmianobis licenziebisa da nebarTvebis gacemis
safuZvlebis Sesaxeb;
b. licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb;
g. Tavsufali vaWrobisa da konkurenciis Sesaxeb;
d. bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobisaTvis mosakreblebis Sesaxeb;
e. salizingo saqmianobis xelSewyobis Sesaxeb;
v. salicenzio da sanebarTvo mosakreblebis Sesaxeb;
z. fasebisa da faswarmoqmnis safuZvlebis Sesaxeb;
T. gakotrebis saqmeTa warmoebis Sesaxeb;
i. monopoliuri warmoebisa da konkurenciis Sesaxeb;
k. reklamis Sesaxeb;
l. koleqtiuri xelSekrulebisa da SeTanxmebis Sesaxeb;
m. dazRvevis Sesaxeb;
n. samoqalaqo aqtebis registraciis Sesaxeb;
o. turizmisa da kurortebis Sesaxeb;
p. kulturis Sesaxeb;
J. kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis Sesaxeb.
r. muzeumebis Sesaxeb;
s. kulturul faseulobaTa sazRvargareT gatanisa da
saqarTveloSi Semotanis Sesaxeb;
t. daculi teritoriebis sistemis Sesaxeb;
u. garemos dacvis Sesaxeb;
a. cxovelTa samyaros Sesaxeb;
turistuli momsaxurebiT vaWrobis praqtikaSi turoperatorebi
iyofian gamgzavnad (an iniciativian, sagareo turebis organizatorad) da
mimRebad (anu receptiulad). iniciativiani turoperatori yovelTvis ar
gadis pirdapir momsaxurebis momwodebelze. is aformebs xelSekrulebas

51
mimReb turoperatorTan, romelic uzrunvelyofs mas miRebisaTvis saWiro
masalisa da informaciis mTeli kompleqsiT.
ganvixiloT receptiuli turoperatoris mier momsaxurebis
momwodeblebTan xelSekrulebis dadebis Taviseburebebi da xelSekruleba
receptiul da iniciativian turoperators Soris.
xelSekruleba receptiul turoperatorsa da momsaxurebis mimwodeb-
els Soris.
xelSekruleba mxareebs Soris ideba tipiuri xelSekrulebis
safuZvelzem romelSic gaTvaliswinebulia turistebis momsaxureba da
partniorebis urTierTobebi (momwodebeli - turoperatori).
yvela urTierToba partniorebTan _ turis marSrutze turistebis
momsaxurebis momwodeblebTan, formdeba werilobiTi xelSekrulebis
(kontraqtis) formiT. mas SeiZleba hqondes yidva-gayidvis tipiuri
xelSekrulebis forma, an komisiis xelSekrulebis, an gacvlis (turistuli
jgufebis uvaluto gacvlisas) forma.
momsaxurebis momwodebelTan dadebuli xelSekrulebis ZiriTadi
debulebebi xelSekrulebis tipiuri debulebis analogiuria:
xelSekrulebis sagani, ZiriTadi pirobebi, momsaxurebis mimwodeblis
ufleba da movaleoba, turoperatoris ufleba da movaleobs, mxareTa
pasuxismgeblobebi, fors-maJoruli pirobebi, partniorebis iuridiuli
misamarTebi da rekvizitebi.
xelSekruleba iTvleba dadebulad, rodesac mxareTa Soris,
miRebuli formis Tanaxmad, miRweulia SeTanxmeba misi yvela mniSvnelovani
muxlis Sesabamisad. mniSvnelovnad iTvleba muxlebi xelSekrulebis
saganTan, romelic miCneulia mniSvnelovnad (arsebiTad) kanonmdeblobis
Sesabamisad an aucilebelia aseTi tipis xelSekrulebebisaTvis, amasTan
erTad is pirobebi, romelTa mimarTac romelime mxare moiTxovs
SeTanxmebis miRwevas. amgvarad, mxareebs ufleba aqvT Camoayalibon
xelSekrulebis pirobebi sakuTari Sexedulebebis Tanaxmad, ramdenadac
yovel SemTxvevas aqvs Tavisi specifika, rac damokidebulia turistebisadmi
momsaxurebis miwodebis Taviseburebebsa da mxareebis urTierTobaze.
gamonakliss warmoadgens mxolod is SemTxvevebi, rodesac Sesabamisi
pirobebis Sinaarsi gansazRvrulia (an akrZalulia) qveynis moqmedi
kanonmdeblobiT.

xelSekruleba sastumrosTan
saerTaSoriso praqtikaSi cnobilia da farTod gamoiyeneba SeTanxmeba
da dokumentebi, romlebic aregulireben urTierTobas sastumroebs,
turagentebsa da turoperatorebs Soris. maT Soris erT-erTia _ 1970 wlis
sastumroTa konvencia, romelic SemuSavebuli iqna sastumroTa
saerTaSoriso asociaciisa da turistuli saagentoebis asociaciebis
msoflio federaciis egidis qveS. konvencia gansazRvravs mxareebis
valdebulebebs, misi gamoyenebis sferoebs, sastumros kontraqtebis tipebs,
maTi Sedgenis saerTo da gansakuTrebul wesebs, sakomisios sidides da
gadaxdis wess, aseve xelSekrulebis anulirebis wess. 1979 wels

52
sastumroTa konvenciaSi Setanili iqna rigi Sesworebebi da man miiRo
Semdegi saTauri `saerTaSoriso sastumro konvencia~, romelic 1993 wlidan
gaxda sastumroebisa da turagentebis (turoperatorebis) urTierTobis
kodeqsi da gamoiyeneba sastumro kontraqtebis gaformebisas.
kodeqsi avaldebulebs sastumros gasces zusti informacia
sastumros kategoriisa da adgilmdebareobis Sesaxeb, aseve SeTavazebuli
momsaxurebis xarisxis Sesaxeb. masSi gansazRvrulia, rom turagents ara
aqvs ufleba daawesos ufro maRali fasebi Tavisi klientebisaTvis, vidre
es gansazRvrulia komisiis xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad. es exeba
turoperatorsac, romelic muSaobs sastumrosTan igive pirobebiT. amasTan
arc sastumrom, arc turagentma da arc turoperatorma ar unda gaamxilon
is fasi, romelic aRniSnulia kontraqtSi.
dokumentebs, romlebiTac regulirdeba turistuli biznesis
urTierToba sastumroebTan, waroadgens: sastumroTa saerTaSoriso wesebi,
romelic mowonebulia sastumroebis saerTaSoriso asociaciis sabWos mier
(02.11.81) da sastumroTa klasifikaciis kriteriumebis regionTaSorisi
harmonizacia, romelic efuZneba klasifikaciur standartebs, da romelic
mowonebulia msoflio turistuli organizaciis regionuli komisiebis
mier (1989w).
marTalia am dokumentebs sarekomendacio xasiaTi aqvT da ar
warmoadgenen savaldebulos, isini Seicaven mraval debulebas, romlebic
myarad damkvidrdnen sastumro biznesisa da saagento-saoperatoro biznesis
urTierTobs praqtikaSi.
urTierToba sastumroebTan isazRvreba Semdegi dokumentebis
safuZvelze:
- xelSekruleba adgilebis kvotis 30-80% garantirebuli Sefasebis
Sesaxeb. aseTi xelSekrulebis safuZvelze turistuli firma
sastumrodan iRebs garkveuli odenobis adgilebs, romlebic
valdebulebis Tanaxmad, garkveul vadaSi unda datvirTos
turistebiT. amasTan is iZleva gamoyofili adgilebis kvotis 30-
80% gadaxdis garantias, im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu adgilebi
gamoyenebuli ar iqneba. firmas SeuZlia kvotis danarCeni nawilis
anulireba gansazRvrul vadaSi. aRniSnuli xelSekrulebis
safuZvelze firma iRebs fasebs sastumros nomrebze Cveulebrivi
tarifisagan garkveuli fasdaklebiT.
- xelSekruleba adgilebis kvotis Sesaxeb Sevsebis garantiis
gareSe. aseTi xelSekrulebis forma ar iRebs gamoyofili
adgilebis Sevsebis garantias. Sesabamisad ZalaSi Sedis adgilebis
anulirebis Cveulebrivi wesi (saubaria gamouyenebel adgilebze).
firma sastumrosTan amgvari xelSekrulebisas angariSsworebas
Cveulebrivi fasebis mixedviT adgens.
- xelSekruleba adgilebis myari Sesyidvisa da sruli gadaxdis
Sesaxeb. aseTi xelSekrulebisas firma iRebs sruli gadaxdis
valdebulebas, miuxedavad sastumros datvirTvisa. SeTanxmebis
gaformebisas firma cdilobs sastumros maqsimalurad
daaklebinos fasebi.

53
 - xelSekruleba mimdinare bronirebis Sesaxeb. es turistuli
firmebisaTvis yvelaze misaRebi da gavrcelebuli formaa.
gansakuTrebiT maTTvis vinc individualuri turebis organizebiT
arian dakavebulni. xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad firma ar iRebs
valdebulebas kvotaze. klientisagan winadadebis miRebis Semdeg
firma sastumroSi agzavnis bronirebis ganacxads da sastumrodan
dadebiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi axdens sastumro momsaxurebis
gayidvas. aseTi SemTxvevisaTvis fasebis klebas ara aqvs adgili.
nebismieri variantis xelSekrulebisas aucilebelia gaTvaliswinebu-
li iyos (xelSekrulebiT) Semdegi pirobebi:
- nomris Rirebuleba da bronirebis xarjebi;
- nomrebis tipebi da maTi raodenoba
- momsaxurebis xangrZlivoba (sezoni);
- Tavisufali periodebi;
- turistebis Semosvlis grafiki;
- erTjeradi momsaxurebis vadebi da xangrZlivoba;
- momsaxurebis nakrebis CamonaTvali;
- kvebis organizebis forma da raodenoba (pansioni) – sastumros
restoranSi SeTavazebuli kvebis variantebi (sauzme,
naxevarpansioni, sruli pansioni, Sveduri magida da a. S);
- turistebis kvebiT momsaxurebis dro;
- specialuri pirobebi dasvenebis dros (mag.: invalidebis,
vegeterianelebis da a. S.);
- enebi, romlebzec unda laparakobdes momsaxure personali;
- turistebis Semosvlis vadebis (bronireba) damtkiceba;
- sajarimo sanqciebis gareSe bronebis moxsnis vadebi;
- sajarimo sanqciebis zoma da vadebi;
- SeRavaTebi didi jgufebis Semosvlis an mudmivi TanamSromlobis
SemTxvevaSi;
- materialuri pasuxismgebloba arasruli nakadis (raodenobrivi),
jgufis Semosvlis Cavardnis, turistebis ganTavsebaze uaris Tqmis
SemTxvevaSi da a. S.;
- sxva specialuri sakiTxebi (mag.: Sedis Tu ara fasebSi momsaxureba
sauniT, biliardiT, maTi muSaobis saaTebi da a. S.)
amasTan erTad aucilebelia yuradReba mivaqcioT garantiebs,
romelsac gTavazobT partniori momsaxurebis momwodebeli. maTTan
mimarTebaSi aucilebelia gaviTvaliswinoT (dafiqsirdes dokumentebSi)
pirobebi fasebis xelSekrulebis dadebis Semdgomi amaRlebis
SeuZleblobebis Sesaxeb (fasebi SeiZleba momatebuli iyos mxolod
gauyidav momsaxurebaze) da misi Sesrulebis meqanizmis SemuSaveba.

54
 xelSekruleba kvebis obieqtTan
aseTi xelSekruleba formdeba calke kvebis obieqtTan im SemTxvevaSi
Tu kveba xorcieldeba sastumros gareT da ar Sedis sastumrosTan
gaformebul kontraqtSi. es SemTxvevebi SeiZleba gvqondes marSrutebze,
Tematuri turebisas (kveba gzaze) da sxva.
aseT xelSekrulebaSi unda aisaxos:
- erTdroulad momsaxurebis qveS myofi turistebis raodenoba;
- SekveTebis regulireba da sidide;
- kvebis saxe (Sveduri magida, momsaxureba da a. S.);
- menius savaraudo variantebi;
- samagaliTo fasebi kvebis sxvadasxa racionis dros;
- SeRavaTebi klientebis didi odenobis an klientebiT regularuli
uzrunvelyofisas;
- kvebaze ganacxadis wardgenis vadebi;
- sajarimo sanqciis gareSe SekveTis moxsnis zRvruli vada;
- kvebis procesis CaSlis SemTxvevaSi materialuri pasuxismgebloba
rogorc erTi, aseve meore mxridan. aqve unda iyos naCvenebi
pasuxisgebis vadebic.

xelSekruleba avtosatransporto organizaciebTan

turistebis satransporto gadazidvebis organizebisas saerTaSoriso
urTierTobebi regulirdeba evropuli SeTanxmebis safuZvelze
`avtobusebiT araregularuli saerTaSoriso gadazidvebis Sesaxeb~,
romelic miRebulia dublinSi 1982 wlis 26 maiss. am SeTanxmebis
safuZvelze araregularuli satransporto gadazidvebis SemTxvevaSi
aRmosavleT da dasavleT evropis qveynebSi aucilebelia specialuri
sakontrolo dokumenti (sagzao furceli), romelic unda iyos avtobusSi.
xelSekrulebiTi urTierToba satransporto organizaciasTan
yalibdeba xelSekrulebis safuZvelze satransporto erTeulisa da
ekipaJis qiravnobis Sesaxeb, rac regulirdeba Sromis kanonmdeblobiT
(`samoqalaqo kodeqsi~).
xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad, satransporto organizacia droebiT
gadascems satransporto saSualebas turistul organizacias Sesabamisi
anazRaurebis safuZvelze da pasuxs agebs manqanis teqnikur gamarTulobaze.
avtobusis mZRoli (misi kvalifikacia) unda Seesabamebodes mis winaSe
xelSekrulebis safuZvelze Camoyalibebul sakvalifikacio moTxovnebs;
amasTan, unda asrulebdes turistuli kompaniis, rogorc teqnikuri
eqspluataciis ganmaxorcieleblis, moTxovnebs. xelSekrulebis SemTxvevaSi,
rogorc wesi, mZRolis xelfasi da misi Senaxvis xarjebi
avtosatransporto kompaniis problemaa.
Tu sxva ram ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli xelSekrulebiT,
satransporto saSualebis dazRvevis da transportis SesaZlo dazianebis

55
xarjebs Tavis Tavze iRebs satransporto kompania. es xdeba im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu dazRveva savaldebuloa kanonmdeblobiT an xelSekrulebiT.
sazRvargareT gasvlebis SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia dazRvevis specialuri
forma (e.w. `mwvane baraTi~) da dazRveva mesame pirisaTvis zianis miyenebis
SemTxvevaze.
Tu xelSekrulebiT sxva ram ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli, turistuli
kompania, rogorc wesi, Tavis Tavze iRebs xarjebs, rac dakavSirebulia
avtobusis eqspluataciasTan _ sawvavi da sxva masalebi da aseve
mosakreblebi (gadasaxadi), rac dakavSirebulia gzasTan (gaCerebebi,
avtosadgomebi, gvirabebi da a.S.). amasTan erTad, xelSekrulebaSi
aucilebelia gaTvaliswinebuli iyos Semdegi sakiTxebi:
- turistebisaTvis gamoyofili avtotransportis marka;
- fasebi da tarifebi;
- avtotransportis muSaobis grafiki da vadebi;
- avtotransportis moZraobis marSruti;
- avtotransportis gamoyofaze ganacxadis wardgenis vadebi;
- ganacxadebis sajarimo sanqciebis gareSe gauqmebis vadebi;
- avtosatransporto organizaciis materialuri pasuxismgebloba
transportis miwodebaze SeferxebasTan dakavSirebiT;
- turistuli kopaniis materialuri pasuxismgebloba momsaxurebaSi
SeferxebasTan dakavSirebiT (gamo);
- transportis dagvianebis SemTxvevaSi lodinis maqsimaluri dro;
- turistebis dagvianebis SemTxvevaSi transportis lodinis
maqsimaluri dro;
- transportis eqspluataciisas turistis, gidis, eqskursiamZRolis
ZiriTadi uflebebi da movaleobebi;
- SeRavaTebi da fasdaklebebi (SesaZlo variantebi).
saerTaSoriso turizmSi saavtobuso turebis dros iReben zomebs
turistebis usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb da momsaxurebis standartebis
uzrunvelyofisaTvis. magaliTad, rig qveynebSi SemoRebulia licenzirebis
sistema. ase magaliTad, evropis satransporto komisiis gadawyvetilebiT, 9
da met adgiliani (mZRolis adgilis CaTvliT) yvela turistuli
avtobusisaTvis aucilebelia specialuri makontrolebeli aparatis _
taxografis qona. es TviTmfrinavSi gamoyenebuli e.w. `Savi yuTis~ analogia.
igi, moZraobis mTeli periodis ganmavlobaSi, akontrolebs avtobusisa da
mZRolis muSaobas da iwers taxogramaze. turistul avtobusSi taxografis
arseboba xelSekrulebis erT-erTi pirobaa. taxografi da `samgzavro
furceli~ aucilebeli xelSekrulebiTi poziciebia evropis qveynebSi
mogzaurobis dros.

56
xelSekruleba aviakompaniasTan
sahaero gadazidvebis yvela sakiTxi nebismier qveyanaSi regulirdeba
sahaero kodeqsiT (Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobiT) da rigi saerTaSoriso
dokumentebiT, romelTa Soris aRsaniSnavia varSavis konvencia _ 1929 weli
`saerTaSoriso sahaero gadazidvebis rigi wesebis unificirebis Sesaxeb~.
romelSic cvlilebebi iqna Setanili 1959 wels (e.w. `hamburgis wesebi~).
aviakompaniebTan dadebuli xelSekruleba SeiZleba iyos sami saxis:
a. regularul reisebze adgilebis kvotaze;
b. saagento SeTanxmeba, da
g. Carteri (TviTmfrinavis arenda).

a. xelSekruleba regularul reisebze adgilebis kvotis Sesaxeb

adgilebis kvota SeiZleba iyos mkacrad gansazRvruli da SedarebiT
rbili. amiT ganisazRvreba rogorc xelSekrulebis pirobebi, aseve
specialuri SeRavaTebi da fasdaklebebi. mkacri kvotis SemTvevaSi mTeli
pasuxismgebloba gauyidav bileTebze gadadis turistul kompaniaze,
miuxedavad xelisSemSleli mizezebisa. finansur zarals mTlianad
anazRaurebs turistuli kompania. e.w. `rbili kvotis~ SemTxvevaSi
isazRvreba periodi, romlis drosac turistul kompanias SeuZlia
sajarimo sanqciebis gareSe gaauqmos kvota an misi nawili. es dro
iTvaliswinebs imas, rom darCenili bileTebi gayidos aviakompaniam, an sxva
saagentoebma. xelSekruleba adgilebis kvotaze regularul reisebze
iTvaliswinebs:
- turis funqcionirebis grafiks, orive mimarTulebiT daniSnulebis
adgilis CvenebiT;
- turistebis raodenobas TiToeuli jgufis Sesabamisad (adgilebis
kvota);
- ganacxadis miwodebisa da bileTebis gamosyidvis vadebs;
- bileTebze SekveTebis gauqmebis vadebs sajarimo sanqciebis gareSe
(`rbili bloki~);
- tarifis saxeebs bileTebze, SeRavaTian tarifebs, SeRavaTiani
tarifebis pirobebs;
- SeRavaTebsa da fasdaklebebs adgilebis kvotaze;
- ]gamosyiduli, magram gamouyenebeli bileTebis dabrunebis vadebs
da wess, materialur pasuxismgeblobas, rac gamomdinareobs
dabrunebis vadeebidan (e.w. `rbili bloki~).

b. saagento SeTanxmeba aviakompaniasTan

rigi aviakompaniebi, yvela im turistul kompanias, romlebTanac aqvT
gaformebuli xelSekruleba adgilebis kvotaze, Tvlian TavianT agentebad.
Tumca saagento SeTanxmeba (misi klasikuri gagebiT) _ es aris saqmianoba
aviabileTebis realizaciis mizniT. anu rodesac turistuli kompania iRebs

57
saSualebas damoukideblad gamovides rogorc aviakompaniis bileTebis
gamyidveli saagento, rac garkveulad amartivebs da aCqarebs samgzavro
dokumentebis bronirebisa da gaformebis process. turistuli kompania
gvevlineba rogorc bileTebis gamyidveli salaro; anu aformebs bileTs da
aqvs Sesabamisi qseluri kompiuteruli kavSiri aviakompaniis dabronvis
samsaxurTan.
aseT SemTxvevaSi aviakompanias turistuli kompaniis saxiT aqvs
bileTebis gayidvis damatebiTi punqti (saagento SeTanxmebis erT-erTi
pirobaa swored aRniSnuli aviakompaniis bileTebis gayidva saeqskursio
turebisaTvis). amasTan erTad saagento SeTanxmeba iTvaliswinebs sxva
momentebsac:
- vin da ra pirobiT uzrunvelyofs aviabileTebisa da maTi
blankebis gaformebisaTvis saWiro mowyobilobebis arsebobas;
- aRniSnul sistemasTan momuSave kadrebis momzadebis pirobebi;
- gayidvis moculoba (yvelaze xSirad isazRvreba individualurad _
Tvis ganmavlobaSi bileTebis raodenobis mixedviT; mag.: ara nakleb
10/200 bileTisa TveSi; an gayidvidan miRebuli Semosavlebis
Sesabamisad, mag.: 10-dan 200 aTas dolaramde – kompaniis
Sesabamisad);
- SesaZlo gayidvebis sazRvrebi (zRvari) _ regionalurad an
momxmarebelTa segmentis mixedviT;
- visi fasebiT iyideba bileTi _ aviakompaniis Tu tursaagentos
(ufro xSirad aviakompania);
- aviabileTebis fasebi da tarifebi;
- gadaxdis pirobebi _ winaswari gadaxda Tu gadaxda bileTebis
gayidvis Sesabamisad (stok-agentebisaTvis zogi aviakompania
turistebis jgufze sazRvravs winaswar gadaxdas);
- sakomisio jildos odenoba aviabileTis gayidvaze (gayiduli
tarifis 9%-mde);
- aviakompaniis angariSebis mowodebis vadebi da regularuloba,
maTi forma da aucilebeli danarTebis nusxa;
- aviakompaniis an sahaero transportis saerTaSoriso asociaciis
sasargeblo sabanko garantiebis zoma (20 aTasi dolaridan zeviT);
- stsa (IATA)-s wevroba (aviakompaniisaTvis).

c. Carteri (TviTmfrinavis arenda)

Carteruli aviagadazidvebis organizebisas SemkveTi da aviakompania
sazRvraven marSruts, winaswar sazRvraven mxareTa valdebulebebs, arkveven
saarendo xelSekrulebis Sesabamisobas saerTaSoriso normebTan da
sazRvraven reisis fass, romelic moicavs TviTmfrinavis arendas, sawvavis
xarjs, ekipaJisa da aeroportis momsaxurebas.

58
 amis Semdeg formdeba specialuri Carteruli xelSekruleba,
romelSic isazRvreba:
- TviTmfrinavis saxe (marka);
- gasayidi adgilebis raodenoba;
- TviTmfrinavis arendis Rirebuleba;
- marSruti gamSvebi da mimRebi aeroportebis CvenebiT;
- xelSekrulebis moqmedebis vada (sezoni, weli da a.S.);
- aviareisebis organizebis regularoba;
- aviareisis moxsnis SesaZlebloba da zRvruli vadebi Sesabamisi
sanqciebiT.
Carterebis Tavisebureba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom erTi sruli reisi
(meore da bolos wina gafrena _ pirveli ukan gamofrena da ukanaskneli
jgufis Camoyvanis wina gafrena) xdeba turistebis gareSe: ukanaskneli
reisis dros TviTmfrinavs mihyavs bolo turistebi da aRar mohyavs axlebi,
radgan maTTvis aRar dabrundeba (10 turistuli nakadisaTvis xorcieldeba
11 aviareisi). am SemTxvevisaTvis muSaobs formula: N+1.
sahaero xomaldis arendisas aviakompaniasTan normaluri urTierToba
iTvaliswinebs gadaxdas, aucilebeli balansis gamoyvaniT, yoveli reisis
Semdeg.
Carteruli reisebi ar unda ewinaaRmdegebodnen varSavis saerTaSori-
so konvenciis moTxovnebs gadamzidavis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb mgzavre-
bis winaSe. Carteruli reisebis praqtika gviCvenebs, rom maT ganxorciele-
bas mxolod maSina aqvs azri, rodesac 4-5 Tvis ganmavlobaSi SesaZlebelia
15-17 Sewyvilebuli (iqeT da aqeT) reisis ganxorcieleba. reisebi, rogorc
wesi, xorcieldeba kviraSi orjer, xolo iSviaTad _ 10 dReSi, 2 kviraSi
erTxel.
ukanasknel periodSi SeimCneva tendencia, rodesac turoperatorebi
formirebas ukeTeben da eqspluatacias uweven sakuTar Carterul reisebs,
romlebic uzrunvelyofen sakuTar turistebs.
aRsaniSnavia, rom sezonis ganmavlobaSi SesaZlebelia 20 Semosvlis
organizeba (yovelkvireuli reisebis SemTxvevaSi). Tumca Carterebis gaSveba
SeiZleba kviraSi orjerac. aseT SemTxvevaSi reisebis odenoba sezonSi
miaRwevs 40-s. es mkveTrad amcirebs tarifs, Tumca datvirTvis moTxovnebiT
bevri turistuli kompaniis SesaZleblobebs aRemateba. amiT aixsneba
turistebis gadazidvis bazarze e.w. `Sualeduri~ mewarmeebis _ sabiTumo
firmebi (wholesalers) gamoCena, romlebic xelSi iReben umsxviles Carterebs
da Semdeg anawileben ufro mcire firmebisaTvis blok-Carterebis (10-30
adgili) saxiT. Tavis Carterze sabiTumo turoperatori, rogorc wesi,
adgilebis blokebis gayidvas axdens sam sxvadasxva variantSi: adgilebis
mkacri bloki, rbili da kombinirebuli blokebi.
rbili bloki _ romlis drosac SemkveTs ara aqvs aranairi finansuri
pasuxismgebloba, magram aqvs ufleba, winaswar SeTanxmebul vadebSi,
srulad an nawilobriv Tqvas uari Tavis adgilebze. aseTi principi ufro
mosaxerxebelia turagentebisaTvis, Tumca Tu uari dafiqsirdeba

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SeTanxmebuli vadis Semdeg, maSin SemkveTi valdebuli iqneba gadaixados
jarima. rogorc wesi, e.w. `rbili bloki~ gamoiyeneba sakmaod iSviaTad,
ramdenadac igi yovelTvis momgebiani ar aris Carteris mflobelisaTvis
(sulerTia aviakompaniaa Tu turoperatori _ wholesaler).
`mkacri bloki~ iTvaliswinebs mkacr xelSekrulebiT pasuxismgeblo-
bas gayidvis vadebsa da gadaxdaze. SemkveTs Seaqvs winaswari Tanxa, romlis
sidide gaTvaliswinebulia ori Sewyvilebuli reisis RirebulebaSi.
`mkacri blokis~ SemTxvevaSi sarealizacio tarifebi 5-10%-iT naklebia
vidre `rbili blokis~ SemTxvevaSi. amasTan erTad, `mkacri blokis~
SemTxvevaSi operatori da agenti xelSekrulebaSi afiqsireben fass,
romelic Carteris mTeli periodis ganmavlobaSi imoqmedebs. aRniSnuli
momenti garkveul interess uCens realizatorebs, romlebsac SeeZlebaT
varireba gaukeTon fasebs sezonis `pikisa~ da dasrulebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
yvelaze gavrcelebulia Carterul reisebze bileTebis gayidva
kombinirebuli meTodiT, rac iTvaliswinebs zemoT aRniSnuli ori
variantis Serwymas. adgilebis saerTo raodenoba, romelic Sedis
sarealizacio blokSi, iyofa orad garkveuli proporciiT, romlis erTi
nawili iyideba `mkacri~ sistemiT, xolo meore _ `rbiliT~.
xSirad Carteruli programebis iniciatorebis rolSi gvevlineba
ramodenime turoperatori erTad. amasTan, isini winaswar sazRvraven
erTmaneTs Soris frenis organizaciis pirobebs. turoperatorisaTvis,
romelic pirvelad axorcielebs Carterul reiss, mTavari sakiTxi
yovelTvis aris aviakompaniis SerCeva. cnebis `aviakompaniis saimedooba~
qveS, turoperatoris azriT, pirvel rigSi igulisxmeba aviagadazidvebis
msoflio bazarze misi reputacia da saxeli, konkretuli mimarTulebiT
frenis teqnologiuri jaWvis damuSavebis xarisxi, safreni parkis sidide
da nomenklatura, miwiszeda (saxmeleTo) warmomadgenlobebis mxardaWeris
SesaZlebloba.
Carteris dros Zalze mniSvnelovania gadazidvis fasebi. Tumca Cveni
qveynis realobaSi situacia cota specifikuria _ xelSekrulebis
gaformeba praqtikulad erT, saxelmwifo kompaniasTan giwevT, radgan yvela
sxvas (Tu ar CavTvliT ucxours) garTulebuli aqvT garkveuli
garantiebis gacema. praqtikulad, Tu ar CavTvliT ucxour aviakompaniebs,
romelTa Carteri Seudareblad Zviri jdeba, Sida bazarze mxolod erTi
kompania rCeba _ Sesabamisad misi fasebi, misaaRebia is Tu miuRebeli,
erTaderTia.
Carteris organizaciis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebis gaformebis momentidan
aviakompania Zalze mkacri reJimis qveS aqcevs turoperators. pirvel rigSi
misgan iTxovs winaswar gadaxdas. rogoric ar unda iyos misi maqsimaluri
sazRvari, aviakompaniebi mainc iTxoven winaswar iqnas gadaxdili
Carteruli ciklis pirveli da bolo reisebis Rirebuleba: - amiT isini
azRveven rogorc sakuTar Tavs, aseve xelSekrulebamde Cayvanil turistebs
SesaZlo argadaxdisagan. reisis Rirebuleba isazRvreba winaswar da
gadaxda xdeba gafrenamde 7-10 dRiT adre. xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad,
gadaxdis dagvianebis SemTxvevaSi, aviakompanias ufleba aqvs wauyenos
sajarimo sanqciebi SemkveTs, an saerTod gawyvitos xelSekruleba masTan.

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xelSekruleba rkinigzasTan
sarkinogzo gadayvanebi (gadazidvebi) saqarTvelos sinamdvileSi
regulirdeba `saqarTvelos sarkinigzo kodeqsiT~ da kanoniT: `transpor-
tisa da komunikaciebis sferos saxelmwifo marTvisa da regulirebis wesis
Sesaxeb~.
saerTaSoriso sarkinigzo gadaziodvebis organizebisas aucilebelia
vixelmZRvaneloT mTavrobaTaSorisi xelSekrulebiT: `saerTaSoriso kon-
vencia mogzaurobaze kontraqtis Sesaxeb~ (22.10.70), `konvencia da statusi
tranzitis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb~ (20.04.21) da sxva;
xelSekruleba, grafikiT moZrav matareblebSi adgilebis gamoyofis
Sesaxeb, formdeba aviakompaniasTan adgilebis kvotis an mimdinare
bronirebis analogiurad. TaviseburebebiT gamoirCeva xelSekruleba
specializirebuli turistuli matareblis arendis Sesaxeb;
xelSekruleba specializirebuli turistuli matareblis arendis
Sesaxeb. arsebobs Camoyalibebuloi azri, rom nebismieri sarkinogzo
mgzavroba, miTumetes xangrZlivvadiani, damqancveli da naklebsasiamovnoa.
Tumca sazRvargareTis mravali qveynis gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom is
SeiZleba iyos ara iZulebiTi gadaadgileba erTi punqtidan meoreSi, aramed
momxiblavi mogzauroba. es WeSmariteba didi xnis win irwmunes
sazRvargareTulma turfirmebma da operatorebma, romlebic sTavazoben
klientebs `specializirebul sarkinogzo turebs~. maTi Catarebis
teqnologia sazRvargareTis specialistebma srulyofilebamde miiyvanes.
standartuli sarkinogzo turebi pirobiTad SeiZleba davyoT sam
damoukidebel kategoriad: erTdRiani, moklevadiani (2-3 dRe-Rame) da
xangrZlivvadiani (5 dRe da meti).
erTdRiani turebi iwyeba diliT da mTavrdeba imave dRis saRamos.
turistebi ganTavsdebian vagon-restornis magidebTan. gzaSi maT SeuZliaT
ara mxolod Wama, aramed estradisa da cirkis msaxiobebis naxva. turistebi
miyavT rkinigzis garkveul sadguramde, sadac maTTvis momzadebulia
specialuri programa. es SeiZleba iyos eqskursia an pikniki bunebaSi. ufro
xSirad xdeba am orive variantis SeTavseba. aseTi matareblebi sakmaod
gavrcelebuli iyo yofili sabWoTa kavSiris im qalaqebSi, romlebsac
hqondaT ganviTarebuli rkinigzis qseli (mag: `saqarTvelo~, `aWara~,
`afxazeTi~.).
moklevadiani turi. 2-3 dRiani turebis dros mgzavrebi cxovroben
calke kupeebSi. mogzaurobis gegmis Sedgena xdeba im angariSiT, rom RamiT,
rodesac yvelas sZinavs, matarebeli iyos gzaSi. dRisiT turistebi
monawileoben sxvadasxva eqskursiebSi.
aseTi mogzauroba xorcieldeba sxvadasxva qveynebSi. magaliTad:
mogzauroba afrikaSi, romelsac sTavazobs turistebs samxreTafrikuli
kompania `rovos reili~ (Rovos Rail) – `sarkinogzo safari~ – afrikis
kontinentis samxreT nawilSi. aRniSnulma kompaniam gamoisyida ori
matarebeli `afrikis siamaye~. erTs daarqves `klasiki~ (gaformebulia XX
saukunis 40-iani wlebis stilSi), xolo meores `eduardiani~ (inglisis mefe
eduardis stilSi). orive es matarebeli axorcielebs unikalur
`sarkinogzo safaris~ afrikis samxreT nawilSi.

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 xangrZlivvadiani turi. im matareblebis grafiki, romlebic
emsaxurebian xangrZlivvadian turs, guldasmiT muSavdeba. marSrutisa da
saeqskursio programis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, turistebi xSirad
imyofebian gzaSi dRis ganmavlobaSi (periodSi) – imisaTvis rom turistebi
ar gadaiRalon, or uaxloes punqts Soris matareblis moZraobis
xangrZlivoba ar unda iyos 36 saaTze meti. xangrZlivvadiani
gadaadgilebebi dRisiT, rogor wesi igegmeba im SemTxvevebSi, rodesac
mgzavrobis periodSi aris SesaZlebloba daaTvalieron saintereso
landSaftebi da sxva xedebi. calkeul SemTxvevebSi xdeba aseve e. w. `mwvane
gaCerebebis~ (moklevadiani SeCereba tyeSi, mTaSi, zRvis sanapiroze)
SeTavazebac.
turistul matareblebs sxvagvarad eZaxian `sastumros borblebze~ da
es garkveuli gagebiT WeSmaritebas Seesabameba, radgan miuxedavad
rkinigzis mkacri standartebis Sesabamisi gabarituli SezRudvebisa, maT
komfortabelurobisa da Sida dizainis maCveneblebiT SeuZliaT
konkurencia gauwion sastumroebs. yovel kupeSi, romelTa raodenoba
saZile vagonSi ar unda aRematebodes 8-s, cxovrobs araumetes 2 adamiani.
matareblis kategoriis Sesabamisad kupeSi aris ori erTadgiliani
(vertikalurad an horizontalurad) an erTi oradgiliani sawoli,
kondicioneri, saweri magida, telefoni, televizori. tualeti da saabazano
SeiZleba iyos rogorc vagonze, aseve personalurad – erT-or nomerze
(kupeze) gaTvliT. turistuli matareblis SemdgenlobaSi aris ramodenime
vagon-restorani, vagon-saloni (rogorc biblioTeka, kartis saTamaSo,
Sexvedrebis, dasvenebis adgili), konferenc-vagoni (igive leqtoriumi,
diskoteka an videosaloni), aseve bavSvTa vagoni an moZravi TamaSebis
vagoni.
specialuri turistul-saeqskursio matareblis arendis Sesaxeb
xelSekruleba unda iTvaliswinebdes Semdeg sakiTxebs:
- mogzaurobis marSruti yvela gaCerebis CvenebiT;
- vagonebisa da vagon-restornis arendis Rirebuleba;
- mogzaurobis dro, marSrutis yovel punqtSi gaCerebis TariRi misi
xangrZlivobis CvenebiT;
- vagonebisa da maTSi adgilebis raodenoba;
- erT adamianze Tereulis gamocvlis raodenoba (reJimi);
- marSrutis sigrZe (kilometraJi) da mgzavrobis Rirebuleba;
- mogzaurobaze uaris Tqmis vadebi (gamgzavrebamde 20 dReze
aranaklebi);
- momsaxureba matarebelSi (Cai, sauzme kupeSi da a. S.)
saqarTvelos sinamdvileSi amJamad msgavsi tipisa da momsaxurebis
SesaZleblobis mqone matarebeli ar arsebobs. Zvel periodSi (e.w. `sabWoTa
dro~) iyo ramodenime msgavsi funqciis mqone matarebeli (mag.:
`saqarTvelo~), Tumca igi arafriT gansxvavdeboda Cveulebrivi saZile
vagonebisagan da, Sesabamisad, sarkinigzo turizmi nakleb popularuli iyo.

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xelSekruleba saeqskursio firmasTan
Tu ara gyavT sakuTari saeqskursio samsaxuri, saWiroa
xewlSekrulebis gaformeba specializebul saeqskursio samsaxurTan;
xelSekrulebaSi unda iyos Semdegi punqtebi:
- eqskursiis dasaxeleba da xangrZlivoba, gadaadgilebis saSualeba
(avtobusiT, fexiT da a.S.);
- eqskursiis Catarebaze gancxadebis mowodebis vadebi;
- eqskursiis fasebi;
- eqskursantebis raodenoba TiToeuli eqskursiis dros;
- materialuri pasuxismgebloba eqskursiis CaSlaze (saeqskursio
firmis an turoperatoris mizeziT).

xelSekruleba muzeumTan
muzeumTan gaformebuli xelSekruleba moicavs:
- eqskursiis variants da mis Tematikas;
- eqskursantebis raodenobas jgufSi;
- eqskursiis fasebs (diferencirebuli _ jgufuri da
individualuri, asakobrivi da a.S.);
- SeRavaTebs muzeumis jgufuri monaxulebisaTvis;
- ganacxadis wardgenis vadebs eqskursiis Catarebaze;
- ganacxadis gauqmebis vadebs;
- materialur pasuxismgeblobas samuzeume eqskursiis Cavardnis
SemTxvevaSi rogorc erTi, aseve meore mxaris mizeziT.
ar unda daviviwyoT aseve damatebiTi momsaxureba, anu is, rac ar aris
Setanili turis paketSi. damatebiTi momsaxureba miewodebaT turistebs
adgilze damatebiTi gadaxdis xarjze. rogorc wesi, es SeiZleba iyos
specifiuri eqskursia, Sou, sazRvao, samTo an samdinaro gaseirneba,
akvaparkebis, erovnuli parkebis, nakrZalebis monaxuleba, safari mTebSi da
udabnoSi, nadiroba, Tevzaoba da mravali sxva. im organizaciebTan,
romlebic awyoben msgavs momsaxurebas, formdeba calke xelSekruleba,
raTa uzrunvelyofili iyos turistebis momsaxureba da SeRavaTiani
fasebis miReba jgufuri daswrebis bileTebis gamosyidviT.
receptiuli turoperatorebi ZiriTadad muSaoben Tavis qveyanaSi
miRebaze da xelSekrulebebs aformeben momsaxurebis samamulo
(adgilobriv) momwodeblebTan. xolo iniciativianebi, rogorc ukve iyo
aRniSnuli, ZiriTadad muSaoben ara momsaxurebis sazRvargareTel da
regionalur momwodeblebTan, aramed adgilobrivi receptiuli
turoperatorebis SuamavlobiT. Tumca es ar niSnavs imas, rom maT ar
SeuZliaT pirdapir gavidnen momsaxurebis momwodeblebze, Suamavlis
gareSe. aseT SemTxvevebs adgili aqvs turistul bazarze msxvil
(ZiriTadad _ transnacionalur) kompaniebs Soris. xelSekrulebiTi
saqmianoba momsaxurebis momwodeblebTan iniciativiani da receptiuli

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turoperatorebisaTvis TiTqmis ar gansxvavdeba, Tumca aqvT garkveuli
Taviseburebebi calkeul saxelmwifoebSi.

xelSekruleba iniciativian da receptiul turoperatorebs Soris

xelSekrulebiTi urTierToba iniciativian da receptiul
turoperatorebs Soris bevr rameSi turoperatorsa da turagents Soris
urTierTobis msgavsia, Tu saubari ar aris saagento SeTanxmebaze.
ganvixiloT xelSekrulebiTi urTierTobis rigi poziciebi, romlebic
gamomdinareoben iniciativiani turoperatorisa da sazRvargareTeli
mimRebi partnioris (am SemTxvevaSi _ receptiuli turoperatori)
urTierTobis pirobebidan.
iniciativian da receptiul turoperatorebs Soris dadebul
xelSekrulebaSi asaxuli unda iyos:
1. samarSruto inkluziv-turebis organizebisas:
- marSruti, turis programa da momsaxurebis paketi, romlebic unda
iyos SeTavazebuli turistebisaTvis, maTi mogzaurobisas;
- Camosvlisa da wasvlis dro (vada);
- qalaqebis CamonaTvali da monaxulebis Tanmimdevroba;
- transportis saxeoba;
- TiToeul qalaqSi yofnis dReebis raodenoba;
- eqskursiebis CamonaTvali.
2. individualuri SekveTili turebis organizebisas:
- Camosvlisa da wasvlis dro;
- momsaxurebis CamonaTvali da maTi klasi.
marSrutis ganxilvis dros an dasvenebis adgilze turistebis
stacionaruli Camosvlisas aucilebelia zustad ganisazRvros turistebis
ganTavsebis adgilze yofnis zusti periodi _ gaTenebuli Rameebis
Sesabamisad, ramdenadac yvela sastumroSi angariSsworeba xdeba swored
gaTenebuli (gatarebuli) Rameebis Sesabamisad. Tumca RamisTevis garkveuli
ricxvis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba bazaze yofnis dReebi gamovides erTiT meti
(Semosvla pirveli dRis diliT, xolo wasvla bolo dRis saRamos). amitom
cnebis `mogzaurobis xangrZlivoba~ zusti xmarebisaTvis miRebulia misi
aRniSvna ori maxasiaTebliT: dReebis raodenoba da gatarebuli Rameebis
raodenoba . mag.: turi 7dRe/6 Rame; turi 14 dRe/13 Rame da a.S.
aucilebelia gaviTvaliswinoT, rom TiTqmis yvela sastumroSi
moqmedebs e.w. angariSsworebis saaTi, anu dRis zustad fiqsirebuli dro,
romlisaganac xdeba sastumroSi gatarebuli dReebis aTvla. xSir
SemTxvevaSi es aris dRis 12 saaTi (Tumca SeiZleba iyos sxvac, mag.:
italiaSi 10 saaTi). amitom turis dasrulebis periodSi, an qalaqidan
qalaqSi gadasvlisas, Tu ar undaT dRis (Sesabamisad gadasaxadis) damateba,
turistebma nomrebi unda gaaTavisuflon swored miTiTebul dromde.
zogjer, mimReb organizaciasTan, an sastumrosTan SeTanxmebis safuZvelze,

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turistebis bargis Sesanaxad, angariSsworebis saaTidan jgufis
gamgzavrebamde, SesaZlebelia 1-2 nomris gamoyofa damatebiTi xarjebis
gareSe. rig sastumroebSi am mizniT Seqmnilia bargis Senaxvis ufaso
kamerebi. yvela es momenti winaswar unda iyos molaparakebuli partniorTan
da Setanili xelSekrulebaSi.
sastumroSi turistebis ganTavsebis sakiTxis ganxilvisas
aucilebelia SeTanxmdes firmasTan misi klasi, tipi da adgilmdebareoba.
es parametrebi damokidebulia savaraudo turistebis socialur
Semadgenlobaze da mogzaurobis mizanze. aucilebelia SeTanxmebuli iyos
nomrebis kategoria.
ramdenadac nebismier jgufSi SesaZlebelia mamakacebis da qalebis
Tanabari raodenoba (Tanabari wyvilebi) ar aRmoCndes, auclebelia
firmasTan SeTanxmebuli iyos ori erTadgiliani nomris gamoyofa fasebis
gazrdis gareSe. aucilebelia gaTvaliswinebul iyos rom oradgilian
nomerSi iyos ori erTadgiliani sawoli da ara piriqiT (rogorc xSirad
gvxvdeba col-qmris variantisaTvis), radgan ar aris aranairi garantia, rom
jgufSi mxolod ojaxuri wyvilebi iqnebian.
aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi kontraqtSi gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos
Tanxis damateba (fasebis diferenciacia) damatebiTi komfortuli pirobebis
arsebobis SemTxvevaSi (xedi fanjridan, oTaxSi televizori da a. S.)
xelSekrulebiT mtkicdeba turistebis kvebis SesaZlo variantebi:
- sruli pansioni – Full Board (American Plan) – sruli momsaxureba,
romelic moicavs ganTavsebas da samjerad kvebas (FB)
- naxavar-pansioni - Half Board (Modified American Plan) – ganTavseba da
orjeradi kveba (sauzme da sadili, an sauzme da vaxSami) (HB)
- mxolod sauzme – Bed&Breakfast (Bermuda Plan) – ganTavseba da sauzme
(BB)
momsaxurebis ufro dabali kategoriis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia
kveba saerTod amoRebuli iqnas momsaxurebidan (kempingebSi, karvebis
banakebSi turistebi xSirad TviTon amzadeben saWmels). amasTan erTad,
turistebma, romlebic mogzauroben individualurad, SesaZlebelia uari
Tqvan reglamentirebul kvebaze individualuri midgomis sasargeblod
adgilobriv kafeebsa da restornebSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi paketis aseT
saxeobas ewodeba kvebis gareSe _ Bed (European Plan) _ mxolod ganTavseba (B)
turis SeTavazeba kvebis gareSe aseve unda aisaxos kontraqtSi.
adgili aqvs gansxvavebas momsaxurebis formaSi:
- momsaxureba `F kz rfhn~, anu restornis mier SemoTavazebuli
meniudan klientis mier kerZebis Tavisufali arCevani. rogorc wesi
`F kz rfhn~ gamoiyeneba individualuri turistebisa da mcire
jgufebis momsaxurebisaTvis.
- momsaxureba `Nf,kmljn~ _ momsaxureba yvela klientisaTvis erTiani
meniuTi. es forma gamoiyeneba turistuli jgufebis miRebisas.
xSirad gamoiyeneba turistul sastumroebSi, pansionatebSi,
dasasvenebel saxlebSi da ganTavsebis sxva saSualebebSi, sadac

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 sawarmoo simZlavreebi da sasadilos SesaZleblobebi amis
saSualebas iZleva. igive forma gamoyenebulia im turistebis
momsaxurebisTvisac, romlebic mogzauroben marSrutian turebze
didi jgufebis saxiT.
- `Sveduri magida~ (an `Ria bufeti~) _ saerTo magidaze gamofenili
saWmelebis Tavisufali arCevani TviTmomsaxurebis wesiT. es forma
exmareba turists airCios saWmeli sakuTari gemovnebisa da
survilis (SesaZleblobebis) Sesabamisad.
kvebis dros (sadili, vaxSami) meniuSi ar Sedis alkoholiani an
ualkoholo sasmelebi, Tu es specialurad ar aris aRniSnuli
xelSekrulebaSi. gamonaklisi SeiZleba iyos daSvebuli e.w. `cxel~
(samxreTis) qveynebSi, sadac miRebulia civi wylis (yinuliT) an
gamagrilebeli sasmelis miwodeba. es variantebic winaswar unda iyos
SeTanxmebuli mimReb firmasTan.
xelSekrulebaSi aseve fiqsirdeba SesaZlo dieturi kvebis variantebi.
sruli an naxevrad pansioniT kvebiT momsaxurebis sakiTxebis ganxilvisas
aucilebelia dazustdes, romeli kvebiT (sauzme, sadili, vaxSami) iwyeba da
mTavrdeba turistuli jgufis momsaxureba.
zogjer, gaWianurebuli erTdRiani eqskursiis an qalaqidan qalaqSi
gadasvlis dros, Tu gzaSi ar aris restoranSi kvebis organizebis
saSualeba, turistebs urigdebaT e.w. `mSrali ulufa~ (`ce[jq gftr~), rig
qveynebSi maT `pikniks~ an `lanC-pakets~ uwodeben. es variantic winaswar
unda iyos SeTanxmebuli mimReb organizaciasTan.
aucilebelia mimRebTan winaswar iyos SeTanxmebuli turistebisaTvis
aeroportSi, rkinigzis sadgurSi daxvedrisa da sastumroSi gadayvanis,
aseve maTi bargis gadatanis (iseve rogorc ukan dabrunebis) yvela detali.
turistebisa da maTi bargis sastumroSi moTavsebisaTvis gamoiyeneba
mimRebi kompaniis SekveTili avtobusebi da msubuqi avtomobilebi.
transferi aucileblad unda iyos Setanili momsaxurebis paketSi,
ramdenadac es winaswar uzrunvelyofs Camosuli turistebis momsaxurebis
xarisxs. praqtika gviCvenebs, rom Tu avtobusi turistebTan Sexvedraze
agvianebs, an saerTod ar cxaddeba, isini aRmoCndebian xolme sakmaod
rTul situaciaSi, roca ar ician rogor mividnen sastumroSi, da ukve am
momentidan gafuWebuli xasiaTi Tan gasdevs mTel mogzaurobas.
calkeul SemTxvevebSi (roca saubaria momsaxureobis dabal,
ekonomiur klasze, mag.: studenturi an saskolo jgufebi), ormxrivi
SeTanxmebiTa da paketis fasis Semcirebis mizniT, transferisaTvis
gamoiyeneba saqalaqo (municipaluri) transporti, Tu is mosaxerxebelia da
ar saWiroebs gadajdomas sastumromde mimaval gzaze.
kontraqtSi zustad unda iyos aRniSnuli gegmiuri da damatebiTi
eqskursiebi da sxva mosanaxulebeli obieqtebi. aseve SeTanxmebuli unda
iyos eqskursiebis Catarebis ena. nebismieri eqskursia qalaqSi an
mosanaxulebel obieqtze uzrunvelyofili unda iyos maRalkvalificiuri
gidiT, firmasTan aseve winaswar unda iyos SeTanxmebuli Sedis Tu ara
muzeumebSi Sesasvleli bileTis fasi da Statiani eqskursiamZRolis
momsaxureba (rodesac muzeumis wesiT mxolod man unda Caataros eqskursia)

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eqskursiis saerTo RirebulebaSi. avtobusis dgomis, an fasiani
monakveTebis gavlis Rirebulebac aseve Setanili unda iyos momsaxurebis
paketis RirebulebaSi da araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar aikrifos damatebiTi
Tanxebi turistebisagan.
sazRvargareTul firmasTan molaparakebisas turistebisaTvis
momsaxurebis paketis Sesaxeb, romlebic miemgzavrebian dasasveneblad,
aucilebelia winaswari SeTanxmeba turistebisaTvis maqsimalurad misaRebi
pirobebis SeqmnasTan dakavSirebiT. magaliTad, aucilebelia SeTanxmebuli
iyos piroba pliaJiT, auziT, sapliaJe mowyobilobiT, skamebiT, SxapiT,
qolgiT da a.S. ufaso da SeuzRudavi droiT sargeblobis Sesaxeb. im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu sastumro daSorebulia plaJidan, saWiro iqneba
turistebisaTvis gadayvanis saaTebis organizeba.
dasvenebas mravalferovnebas matebs gamajansaRebel-balneologiuri
xasiaTis damatebiTi momsaxureba: sauna, fitnes-centri, masaJi, satrenaJoro-
sportuli darbazi da a.S.
turistebs SeiZleba damatebiT SeeTavazoT eqskursiebi, romlebic ar
aris gaTvaliswinebuli tur-paketiT. esec xelSekrulebiT
gasaTvaliswinebeli sakiTxia im operatorebs Soris, romlebic
emsaxurebian turistebs.
samarSruto turebis SemTxvevaSi mimReb firmasTan aucilebelia
SeTanxmdes im transportis saxeoba, romliTac moxdeba turistebis
gadayvana. turistebis gadayvanis organizacia da adgilebis bronireba
mTlianad ekisreba mimReb firmas. ZiriTadi evropuli qveynebisaTvis
turistebis gadayvanisaTvis yvelaze miRebuli transporti avtobusia. iseTi
qveynebisaTvis, rogoricaa aSS, kanada, indoeTi, CineTi, ruseTi, sadac
daSoreba marSrutze mdebare qalaqebs Soris SeiZleba iyos sakmaod didi,
xSirad gamoiyeneba rkinigza da TviTmfrinavi.

a. adgilobrivi gadasaxadebi da mosakreblebi, individualuri gasamrjelo

(e.w. `xftdst~).
yvela es gadasaxdelebi, Tu isini aucileblad arian dakavSirebuli
turis realizaciasTan, aucilebelia Setanili iyos paketis RirebulebaSi.
sxvadasxva qveynebSi arsebuli Cvevebisa da tradiciebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, aucilebelia mimReb mxaresTan winaswar iyos
SeTanxmebuli yvela is gadasaxdeli, rasTanac SeiZleba Sexeba hqondes
turistebs da Setanili iqnas isini paketis RirebulebaSi. Tu es sakiTxebi
winaswar ar iqna SeTanxmebuli, maSin SesaZlebelia turistebs mouwioT
damatebiTi gadaxdebi, rac ewinaaRmdegeba kompleqsuri turebiT
mogzaurobis wesebs.

b. Tanmxlebi gidi.
turistuli jgufebis sazRvargareTuli mogzaurobebi xSirad
tardeba gamgzavni turistuli firmis warmomadgenelTan erTad. aseT
SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia sazRvargareTuli firmisagan miRebuli iqnas
Tanxmoba jgufis TanmxlebisaTvis ufaso momsaxurebis Sesaxeb mTeli

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turis ganmavlobaSi. turistuli organizaciebis urTierTobebis
praqtikaSi es miRebuli formaa da amdenad ucxoeli partniori ar iqneba
winaaRmdegi aseTi pirobebisa. masTan SesaTanxmebulia mxolod jgufis is
minimaluri sidide, romelsac SeiZleba Tan axldes gamyoli. rogorc wesi,
aseT jgufSi 20 kacze naklebi ar unda iyos.
individualuri SekveTili turis gayidvisas winaswar Tanxmdeba
asortimenti, variantuloba, fasebi da momsaxurebis done, maTi bronirebis
vadebi da wesi, aseve SekveTis Secvlisa da anulirebis SesaZleblobebi.
mimReb organizaciasTan molaparakebis dros rekomendirebulia
eTxovos mas turistebisaTvis individualuri sareklamo masalis
kompleqtis (prospeqti, broSura, bukleti) momzadeba, romelSic asaxuli
iqneba mimRebi qveynis Taviseburebani, calkeuli turistuli centrebisa da
RirsSesaniSnaobebis aRwera, dasvenebisa da garTobis adgilobrivi
SesaZleblobebi. turistebs did daxmarebas uwevs qalaqis gegmebi,
romlebsac ecnobian marSrutze. isini exmarebian maT Tavisufal dros
damoukidebeli seirnobis organizebaSi.
yidva-gayidvis xelSekrulebis gaformebisas turis xelSekrulebis
arsebiT pirobebs warmoadgens:
- turoperatoris (gamyidvelis) valdebuleba gadasces turagents
(myidvels) saqonelze (turis paketi, an turistuli momsaxurebis
calkeuli saxeebis nakrebi) sakuTrebis ufleba;
- SeTavazebuli saqonlis (turis paketi, an turistuli momsaxurebis
calkeuli saxeebis nakrebi) Sesabamisoba myidvelis moTxovnebTan;
- turagentis valdebuleba gadauxados turoperators is Tanxa, rac
mas ekuTvnis SeZenili saqonlis mTeli moculobidan, SeTanxmebul
vadebSi;
- turagentis pasuxismgebloba turisa da turistuli momsaxurebis
realizaciaze uaris SemTxvevaSi da Rirebulebis anazRaureba am
mizezebis dausabuTeblobisas;
- turoperatoris pasuxismgebloba realizebuli turis an
turistuli momsaxurebis sruli moculobis Sesrulebisas
Sesabamisi materialuri kompensaciiT momsaxurebis
SeuTavazeblobis SemTxvevaSi da aseve turistebis moraluri
zianis SemTxvevaSi;
- mxareebis pasuxismgebloba sarkinigzo, sahaero da sxva
gadazidvebis periodSi;
- valdebulebebze pasuxismgebloba zianis miyenebis SemTxvevaSi;
- vadis daweseba dokumentis ZalaSi SesvlasTan da pasuxismgeblobis
vadis dasrulebis Sesaxeb.
xelSekrulebis gaformebisas turistuli gacvlebis Sesaxeb jgufis
miRebis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebas aucileblad unda axldes:
- turistuli jgufebis Semosvlis grafiki, Camosvlisa da wasvlis
TariRebis CvenebiT;

68
 - turis paritetuli fasis kalkulacia (Rirebulebis angariSi)
rogorc erTi, aseve meore mxriv. sazRvargareTel partniorebTan
muSaobis SemTxvevaSi, uvaluto gacvlis pirobebiT, aucilebelia
xelSekrulebas Tan axldes savaluto gadaxdebis angariSi an
turdReebis jamuri uwyisi (im Tanxebis CaTvliT, rac unda
gadaeceT turistebs mimReb qveyanaSi xelSekrulebis pirobebis
Tanaxmad rogorc dRiuri saxarjo Tanxa);
- miRebis pirobebis aRwera sastumro dawesebulebebis klasisa da
tipis CvenebiT, misi tevadobisa da SeTavazebuli nomrebis
kategoriis, kvebis pansionis sididis, turis RirebulebaSi
CarTuli eqskursiebis dasaxelebis da momsaxurebis sxva
Taviseburebebi (transferisas specialuri mowyobilobebisa da
maTi arendis SeTavazeba adgilze);
- turistebis jgufis miRebisa da momsaxurebis programa dasvenebis
adgilze. xelSekrulebaSi aRniSnuli unda iyos turistebis
jgufis Semosvlaze uaris ganacxadis zRvruli vadebi rogorc
erTi, aseve meore mxridan, ris Sedegadac moqmedebs sajarimo
sanqciebi. xelSekrulebiTve isazRvreba sajarimo sanqciebis
odenoba. rogorc wesi, es Tanxa Seadgens arSemdgari turis
Rirebulebis 5-dan 35%-mde, turistuli jgufis moxsnis SemTxvevaSi
araugvianes 5-1 dRe-Ramisa Camosvlamde.
im fakultatur pirobebs, romelTa gareSec xelSekruleba
turoperatorsa da turagents Soris atarebs iuridiul Zalas, Tumca
romelTa CarTva am garigebaSi aucilebelia, ganekuTvneba:
- fors-maJoruli pirobebi;
- mxareebis mier pretenziebis ganxilvis wesi, romlebic
gamomdinareoben xelSekrulebidan;
- mxareebis mier xelSekrulebaSi cvlilebebis Setanis wesi;
amasTan erTad, xelSekrulebaSi CarTuli unda iyos punqti, romlis
Tanaxmadac receptiuli turoperatori valdebulia moamaragos Tavisi
partniorebi sxvadasxva sareklamo-sainformacio bukletebiT, katalogebiT,
marSrutebis sqemebiT da a.S.
turistuli firmebis umravlesoba damoukideblad gadian saerTaSori-
so bazarze. aucilebelia Tavidanve daeTmos saTanado yiradReba dadebuli
xelSekrulebebis kanonierebasa da urTierTsargeblianobas, romelsac
aformeben ucxoel partniorTan. msgavsi kontraqtebis gaformebisas
aucilebelia gaTvaliswinebuli iyos im normatiuli aqtebis moTxovnebi,
romlebic aregulireben sagareo-ekonomikur xelSekrulebebs, raTa, saWiro-
ebis SemTxvevaSi, argumentirebulad daicvaT Tqveni uflebebi, miTumetes,
rom msoflio praqtikiT Camoyalibebulia saxelSekrulebo urTierTobis
sayovelTaod miRebuli pirobebi, romelTa gaTvaliswineba iZleva saSua-
lebas miRweuli iqnas xelSekrulebis ormxrivmisaRebi pirobebi. xelSek-
rulebis Zalmosilad cnobisaTvis aucilebelia aseve iyos gaTvaliswi-
nebuli adgilobrivi kanonmdeblobis moTxovnebi.

69
 xelSekrulebiT gansazRvruli unda iyos mimowerisa da sapretenzio-
sasarCelo ena (Cvens SemTxvevaSi sasurvelia qarTulic), raTa ar moxdes
gaugebrobebi sxvadasxvagvari gagebis gamo.
xelSekrulebebi, rogorc adgilobriv, aseve sazRvargareTel
partniorebTan, mzaddeba da xeli ewereba 2 egzempliarad. Tu meore mxare
sazRvargareTelia, maSin dokumenti dgeba qarTul da im enaze, romelic
misaRebia partniorisaTvis.
mxareebis uflebebi da movaleobebi sagareo-ekonomikur garigebasTan
dakavSirebiT isazRvreba xelSekrulebis gaformebis adgilis
kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, Tu TviT xelSekrulebiT sxva pirobebi ar
aris gansazRvruli.

70
 taim - auti
1. gameoreba – codnis dedaa!
 risTvis aris saWiro xelSekruleba momsaxurebis momwodeblebTan?
 romeli samarTlebriv-normatiuli dokumentebiT regulirdeba
xelSekrulebiTi urTierTobebi turizmSi erovnul doneze?
 romeli samarTlebriv-normatiuli dokumentebiT regulirdeba
xelSekrulebiTi urTierTobebi turizmSi saerTaSoriso doneze?
 daasaxeleT momsaxurebis momwodeblebTan gaformebuli xelSekrulebisa
da tipiuri xelSekrulebis ZiriTadi debulebebi.
 romeli saerTaSoriso da erovnuli dokumentebiT regulirdeba
urTieToba turoperatorebsa da sastumroebs Soris?
 daasaxeleT sastumroebTan dasadebi xelSekrulebebis saxeebi, misi
Semadgenloba da Tavisebureba.
 ra dokumentebiT aris reglamentirebuli urTierToba avtosatransporto
organizaciebTan avtobusebis arendaze?
 ra dokumentebiT aris reglamentirebuli urTierToba aviakompaniebTan?
 daasaxeleT aviakompaniebTan dasadebi xelSekrulebis saxeebi da maTi
specifika.
 ra dokumentebiT aris reglamentirebuli turistebis sarkinigzo
gadayvana?
 ra unda iyos asaxuli xelSekrulebaSi receptiul da iniciativian
turoperators Soris inkluziv-turis da SekveTili turis dros?
 rogori ZiriTadi momentebi aisaxeba xelSekrulebaSi (to-to) turis
marSrutze?
 kvebis rogori saxeebi SeiZleba iyos damtkicebuli xelSekrulebaSi (to-
to)?
 rogoria turis yidva-gayidvis SeTanxmebis gaformebis arsebiTi
pirobebi?
 rogoria to-to SeTanxmebis fakultaturi pirobebi da saWiroa Tu ara
maTi CamoTvla xelSekrulebaSi?

2. SegiZlia Tu ara codnis praqtikaSi gamoyeneba?

 Seadgine tipiuri xelSekruleba
- satransporto organizaciasTan, romelic emsaxureba Tqvens
marSruts `saqarTvelo – didi abreSumis gzaze~;
- sastumrosTan (`evropa~) romelic iRebs turistebs programaze:
`Tbilisi – saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi~;
- restoranTan, sadac ewyoba pirveli da bolo vaxSami programaze:
`Tbilisi – saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi~;
- saqarTvelos eTnografiul muzeumTan Tqveni jgufebis
regularuli miRebis Sesaxeb specialuri ganacxadis safuZvelze.

 Tqvens kompanias sakuTari saeqskursio samsaxuri ara aqvs. Seadgine

tipiuri xelSekruleba `saqarTvelos gidebis asociaciasTan~
Tqveni programis `saqarTvelo – didi abreSumis gzaze~
saeqskursio momsaxurebaze;

 Tqveni kompaniis adgilsamyofelia q. baTumi. Seadgine tipiuri

xelSekruleba q. Tbilisis turoperatorul kompaniasTan, romelic
mogemsaxurebaT programiT `Tbilisi – saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi~.

71
 1.11 turistuli dokumentacia
turoperatoris mier Seqmnili turproduqti (turi) gulisxmobs
firmaSi mis aucilebel meTodur uzrunvelyofas. meToduri uzrunvelyofa
Tavis TavSi Seicavs specialuri teqnologiuri dokumentaciis momzadebas,
romelic mowodebulia mTlianad (srulad) aRweros turi, turistebisaTvis
SeTavazebuli momsaxureba da servisebi. es aucilebelia firmis
TanamSromelTa zusti, moqnili da operatiuli muSaobisaTvis, turis
Sinaarsze mudmivi kontrolis organizaciis SesaZleblobisa da mis
srulyofaze muSaobisaTvis.
teqnologiuri dokumentaciis Semadgenloba da Sinaarsi
gansazRvruli unda iyos qveynis normatiuli dokumentebiT. is unda
pasuxobdes normatiul moTxovnebs, romelic mimarTulia momxmareblis
interesebis dacvaze. isini kontroldeba turistuli produqciis
sertifikaciis procesSi. teqnologiuri dokumentacia erTad qmnis turis
pakets.
teqnologiuri dokumentaciis nakrebSi yoveli turisaTvis
aucilebelia iyos:
- marSrutis Sesabamisi turistuli mogzaurobis teqnologiuri
ruka;
- garkveul droze gaTvlili turistuli kompaniis turistebiT
datvirTvis grafiki;
- turistuli sagzuris sainformacio furceli;
- tipiuri formis sagzuris blanki (tur-1) `turistuli sagzuri~
(damtkicebuli unda iyos finansTa saministros mier);
- bronirebis furceli (kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad `turistuli
saqmianobis safuZvlebis Sesaxeb~);
- klientebTan – turagentebTan gasaformebeli xelSekrulebis
blankebi (kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili formiT);
- partniorebTan – momsaxurebis momwodeblebTan (sastumroebi,
satransporto kompaniebi, saeqskursio biuroebi da a.S.)
gaformebuli xelSekrulebebi;
- turis Rirebulebis kalkulacia (gaangariSeba);
- marSrutis aRwera;
- marSrutze moZraobis grafiki (qronometraJi);
- marSrutis ruka-sqema;
- samgzavro informaciis teqsti (gansakuTrebiT saavtobuso
turebisaTvis);
- turis teqnologiuri Taviseburebebis aRwera (samaxsovro
ganacxadebis miwodebis vadebis Sesaxeb, SekveTebisaTvis _
transporti, bileTebi, eqskursiebi, sastumroebsa da restornebze
bronireba; ganacxadis blankebi; marSrutze transportis moZraobis
grafiki; SesaZlo gadajdomebi, mocdebi da a.S.);

72
 - samaxsovroebis teqsti turistebisaTvis (gansakuTrebul
SemTxvevaSi, magaliTad, sazRvargareTuli mogzaurobis
SemTxvevaSi karantinul qveynebSi, specializirebuli sportuli da
saTavgadasavlo turebis dros da a.S.);
- sacnobaro masala marSrutis Sesaxeb;
- sareklamo prospeqtebisa da bukletebis variantebi;
- prais-listebi (katalogebi).
saavtobuso turebze ivseba `saavtobuso marSrutis pasporti~,
romelsac unda amtkicebdes qveynis mTavroba (transportis saministro),
romelmac unda asaxos ara marto marSrutis sqema da momsaxurebis
teqnologia, aramed avtobusis teqnikuri monacemebi, kilometraJi da gzebis
mdgomareoba, gzebze arsebuli SezRudvebi da akrZlvebi, gzebze mdebare
dasvenebis (RamisTevis), kvebis da sxva obieqtebi.
turistuli mogzaurobis teqnologiuri ruka – es aris dokumenti,
romelic TvalsaCinod da lakonurad iZleva yvala aucilebel informacias
da monacemebs turis Sesaxeb (danarTi #1). rig SemTxvevebSi (marSrutisa da
momsaxurebi specifikidan gamomdinare) zogi obieqti SeiZleba
gamotovebuli iqnas;
turistuli organizaciis marSrutis datvirTvis grafiki – gviCvenebs
marSrutze turistuli organizaciis datvirTvis realur suraTs, iZleva
masze Tvalis midevnebisa da kontrolis saSualebas (danarTi #2);
turistuli sagzuris sainformacio furceli – Seicavs marSrutze
arsebuli ZiriTadi da damatebiTi informaciis ganyofilebebs, romlebic
gankuTvnilia turistebisaTvis da rac turistuli sagzuris (an vauCeris)
ganuyofeli nawilia (damateba #3);
sainformacio furceli Seicavs Semdeg monacemebs:
- turistuli mogzaurobis saxe da tipi, momsaxurebis programis
ZiriTadi Sinaarsi, mTeli marSrutis xangrZlivoba da sigrZe, fexiT
sasiarulo (laSqroba) nawili, laSqrobis kategoria da sxva
specifikacia;
- mogzaurobis marSrutis (trasis) aRwera – gaCerebis adgilebi,
gaCerebis dro da momsaxurebis calkeul adgilebSi ganTavsebis
pirobebi (Senobis tipi, nomerSi adgilebis raodenoba, sanitarul-
teqnikuri mowyobiloba da a.S.);
- mogzaurobis raionis (RirsSesaniSnaobebi, adgilmdebareobis
reliefis Taviseburebebi da a.S.), turis TiToeul punqtSi
momsaxurebis programis mokle aRwera;
- damatebiTi momsaxurebis SesaZleblobaTa CamonaTvali (damatebuli
Rirebuleba);
- informacia sportuli moednebisa da darbazebis, avtomobilebis
gasaCerebeli adgilebis, sabagiro gzebis, tbebis, atraqcionebis,
bavSvTa saTamaSo moednebis (oTaxebis), biblioTekebis,
kinodarbazebis da a.S. arsebobis Sesaxeb da maTi mokle aRwera;

73
 - mimRebi turistuli organizaciis misamarTi da organizaciamde
misvlis sqema.
damatebiTi imformaciis CamonaTvalSi Setanilia monacemebi,
romlebic turis specifikidan gamomdinareoben:
- informacia, romelic Seexeba asakobriv SezRudvebs, bavSviani
turistebis an ojaxuri wyvilebis miRebis SesaZleblobebs;
- specialuri informacia, romelic dakavSirebulia mogzaurobis
dros laSqrobebis (fexiT gasvlebi) organizebasTan;
- sxva informacia da rekomendaciebi, romlebic gamomdinareoben
konkretuli turis specifikidan.
turistuli sagzuri (tipiuri formis blanki) – ukeTes SemTxvevaSi
igi qveynis xelisuflebis mier gansazRvruli formiT (saxiT) aris
warmodgenili, gvevlineba rogorc mkacri aRricxvis dokumenti (esaWiroeba
Sesabamisi numeracia) da Seicavs rekvizitebis optimalur nakrebs, rac
klients aZlevs, SesaZleblobis farglebSi, srul informacias turTan
dakavSirebiT. aseTi forma, saxelmwifos mier gansazRvris SemTxvevaSi,
tipiuria, rac turistul kompaniebs aZlevT saSualebas daamaton maTi
azriT aucilebeli informacia (CvenTan es procesi turkompaniebis
fantaziazea mTlianad damokidebuli).
es dokumenti, rogorc aRiniSna, gamoiyeneba rogorc zusti aRricxvis
saSualeba da misi Senaxva, registrireba/aRricxvakanonmdeblobiT
regulirdeba. sagzuris gacemis SemtxvevaSi e.w. `mosaxevi taloni~ rCeba
organizaciis buralteriaSi da Sesabamisad asrulebs saangariSgebo
dokumentis funqcias (danarTi 4, 5);
dajavSnis (bronirebis) furceli – CvenTan am dokumentis saxe da
forma kanonmdeblobiT ar aris gansazRvruli, Tumca, turoperatoris mier,
SesaZlebelia misi gamoyeneba (sxva qveynebSi miRebulia) rogorc
werilobiTi dokumenti, turpaketis formirebisas; mas winaswari SeTanxmebis
funqcia aqvs (danarTi #6);
xelSekruleba klientTan turis SesyidvasTan dakavSirebiT –
formdeba yidva-gayidvasTan dakavSirebiT qveyanaSi arsebuli
kanonmdeblobis moTxovnaTa gaTvaliswinebiT.
xelSekrulebis arsebiT pirobebs ganekuTvneba:
- informacia turoperatorze (gamyidveli), turistul saqmianobaze
licenziis qonis CaTvliT, iuridiuli misamarTi da sabanko
rekvizitebi;
- turistis (myidveli) monacemebi im SinaarsiTa da moculobiT, rac
aucilebeli yidva-gayidvis operaciisaTvis;
- informacia mimReb turoperatorze (gamyidvelis partnioris
arsebobis SemTxvevaSi – roca gamyidveli mimRebi ar aris, an roca
marSrutze ramodenime mimRebia), licenziis qonis Sesaxeb,
iuridiuli misamarTi, sabanko da sakontaqto rekvizitebi;

74
 - informacia turistuli produqtis samomxmareblo Tvisebebis, turis
programisa da marSrutis, turistebis usafrTxoebisa da turistuli
produqtis sertificirebis Sesaxeb;
- mogzaurobis dawyebisa da damTavrebis dro (turis xangrZlivoba);
- turistebis daxvedris, gacilebisa da Tanxlebis wesi;
- mxareebis uflebebi, valdebulebebi da pasuxismgeblobebi;
- turistuli produqtis sacalo Rirebuleba da gadaxdis wesi;
- jgufSi turistebis minimaluri odenoba;
- turistisaTvis imis Setyobinebis vadebi, rom daukompleqteblobis
gamo turi ar Sedgeba;
- xelSekrulebaSi cvlilebebis Setanisa da misi gauqmebis pirobebi,
amis gamo warmoqmnili kamaTebis regulirebis da mxareebisaTvis
miyenebuli zaralis anazRaurebis wesi;
- turistis mier kompaniisaTvis turis xarisxTan dakavSirebuli
pretenziis wardgenis wesi (CvenTan es daregulirebulia
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsiT: muxli 659 – 664); sxva damatebiTi
momentebi xelSekrulebaSi SeiZleba gaCndes mxareebis moTxovniT.
xelSekruleba partniorebTan – momsaxurebis (servisis)
momwodeblebTan warmoadgens Sesabamisi momsaxurebis gawevis
SesaZleblobis dadasturebas;
turis Rirebulebis gaangariSeba (kalkulacia) – SesaZlebelia
gakeTdes dajavSnis furclis (danarTi #6) principiT an nebismieri sxva
meTodiT. masalaSi aRwerilia faswarmoqmnasTan dakavSirebuli arsebiTi
poziciebi _ saWiroa xarjTaRricxvis (TviTRirebulebis) zustad
gaangariSeba da Semdeg mogebis procentis (7-20%-mde) imgvarad gansazRvra,
rom saqoneli bazarze gavides;
marSrutis aRwera – mzaddeba Tavisufali formiT (yovel kompanias
sakuTari xelwera aqvs da unda hqondes) imisaTvis, rom marSrutis
menejerebs, supervaizerebs, gidebs da a.S. xeli SeewyoT muSaobaSi; aseve
gamoiyeneba turagentTan dasadebi xelSekrulebis danarTis saxiT, raTa
masala SemdegSi Setanili iqnas sagzurze darTul sainformacio
furcelSi;
marSrutze moZraobis grafiki – dgeba cxrilis saxiT marSrutis
gavlis qronometraJis Sesabamisad (aRniSnulia TiToeuli punqtis gavlis,
yoveli gaCerebis da a.S. sakontrolo dro);
marSrutis ruqa-sqema – keTdeba gasvliTi (saxazo an wriuli)
marSrutebis ukeTesi TvalsaCinoebisaTvis;
turis teqnologiuri Taviseburebebis aRwera – es aris samaxsovro,
romelSic mocemulia rCevebi transportis, bileTebis, muzeumebSi
eqskursiebis, sastumroSi adgilebis dajavSnis, kvebis sakiTxebze
SekveTebis gaformebasTan dakavSirebiT; rCevebi vizebisa da dazRvevis
gaformebis, satranzito mocdisa da gadajdomebis, gidebis, eskortis
warmomadgenelTa saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT.

75
 muSaobis gaiolebis mizniT CamoTvlil servisebTan dakavSirebiT
mzaddeba ganacxadebis/gancxadebebis blankebi, romlebic exmarebian
saqmianobaSi im personals, romelic konkretuli turistuli jgufis
konkretul turistul marSrutze gasvlis process emsaxureba.
samaxsovros teqstebi turistebisaTvis – mzaddeba gansazRvruli
aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, magaliTad specializirebuli turis
organizebisas, anda turistebis endemur qveynebSi gamgzavrebis win. aseTi
saxis samaxsovroebi aucilebeli wesiT mzaddeba da urigdeba TiToeul
turists marSrutze gasvlamde regionis specifikurobidan gamomdinare,
regionSi raime xifaTis (daavadebebi, virusebi da a.S.) mosalodnelobis
SemTxvevaSi;
sacnobaro masala marSrutTan dakavSirebiT – es aris sxvadasxva
saxis cnobarebi, bukletebi, transportis moZraobis, muzeumebisa da sxva
gasarTob-dasasvenebeli obieqtebis muSaobis grafikebi, sastumroebis
misamarTebi sastumrosTan misvlis sqemebTan erTad da mravali sxva, rac
turists kidev ufro komfortul garemos Seuqmnis;
sareklamo prospeqtebi da bukletebi – gankuTvnilia
turistebisaTvis, raTa isini ukeT gaecvnen (gacnoba, informacia, reklama)
turoperatoris (kompaniis) SesaZleblobebs mogzaurobis variantulobasTan
dakavSirebiT;
prais-listi – es aris turoperatoruli kompaniis saqmianobis erT-
erTi mniSvnelovani dokumenti. imaze, Tu ramdenad lakonurad da saqmis
codniT (profesionalurad) aris gadmocemuli masSi esa Tu is informacia,
bevrad aris damokidebuli turagentebTan saqmianobis warmateba. mas
SeiZleba hqondes sxvadasxva forma (furceli, bukleti da a.S.), magram
mTavaria, rom igi warmoadgens sxvadasxva turistuli momsaxurebis fasebis
CamonaTvals. furcelze informacia mocemulia Zalze mokled, xolo
fasebi drois konkretuli (isic mokle!) monakveTebisaTvis.
teqnologiuri dokumentebis warmodgenili CamonaTvali
sarekomendacio xasiaTisaa, Tumca gamomdinareobs dargSi kompaniebis
muSaobis mravalwliani praqtikidan. rigi kompaniebi, romelTac finansuri
mdgomareoba amis saSualebas aZlevT, kidev ufro met masalas
(sainformacio-sareklamo) amzadeben da avrceleben. mTeli am samuSaos arsi
erTia – maqsimalurad farTo, amasTan erTad miznobrivi sareklamo kampania
da meores mxriv, yvela dainteresebuli pirisaTvis (savaraudo
klientisaTvis) nebismieri informaciis miRebaSi maqsimaluri komfortis
Seqmna.
mTeli teqnologiuri dokumentacia Tavsdeba e.w. `turis saqaRaldeSi~
imisaTvis, rom uzrunvelyofili iyos turoperatoris Seuferxebeli
muSaoba marSrutis Sesabamisad da aseve, turistuli produqtis
`moqnilobis~ principis uzrunvelyofisaTvis, rodesac kompaniis nebismier
wevrs SeuZlia kvalificiurad Secvalos droebiT ar myofi kolega-
menejeri.

76
 taim - auti

1. gameoreba – codnis dedaa!

 risTvis aris saWiro turis teqnologiuri dokumentacia?

 daasaxeleT turis teqnologiuri dokumentaciis sruli sia.
 rogoria klientTan dadebuli xelSekrulebis ZiriTadi
Sinaarsi da ra normatiuli dokumentebis safuZvelze dgeba
igi?
 daasaxeleT turistuli sagzuris Sinaarsi, misi forma da vis
mier mtkicdeba?
 ra aris turis teqnologiuri ruka, misi Semadgenloba da ra
dokumentiT mtkicdeba igi?
 turistuli sagzuris sainformacio furcelSi ra savaldebulo
da damatebiTi informaciaa CarTuli?

2. SegiZlia Tu ara codnis praqtikaSi gamoyeneba?

 mocemulia programa (paket-turi): `saqarTvelo – didi abreSumis

gzaze~
 mocemulia marSruti: Tbilisi (2 dRe) – gori (1 dRe) – quTaisi (1
dRe) – axalcixe (2 dRe) – aspinZa (gavliT) – Tbilisi;
 momzadebulia momsaxurebis CamonaTvali: (wina paragrafis
davaleba)

- programis xangrZlivoba: 7 dRe / 6 Rame;

- kveba: sruli pansioni;
- ganTavseba: turistuli klasis 2 kacian
nomrebSi;
- turis moqmedebis periodi: maisi – noemberi;
- jgufSi turistebis raodenoba: 15 kaci;
- sezonze jgufebis raodenoba: 14 (sul marSrutze 210
kaci)

davaleba: moamzade turis teqnologiuri ruqa da turistul

sagzurze TandarTuli sainformacio furceli; SeavseT es
dokumentebi.

77
 danarTi #1

marSrutze momuSave turistuli organizaciis dasaxeleba

teqnologiuri ruqa
turistuli mogzauroba marSrutze ________________________ 200___ wels
marSrutis dasaxeleba

1. marSrutis ZiriTadi maCveneblebi

marSrutis saxe
____________________________________________________________
sirTulis kategoria
________________________________________________________
marSrutis sigrZe (km.) _______________________
maT Soris sasiarulo fexiT (km.) _______________________
TxilamuriT (km.) _______________________
cxeniT (km.) _______________________
naviT (km.) _______________________
mogzaurobis xangrZlivoba (dRe/Rame) _______________________
turistuli jgufis raodenoba _______________________
jgufSi turistebis raodenoba _______________________
sul turistebi marSrutze _______________________
sul momsaxurebis kac/dRe _______________________
marSrutze pirveli jgufis gasvlis dro _______________________
marSrutze ukanaskneli jgufis gasvlis dro ______________________
marSrutze momsaxurebis sezonis dasasruli (bolo jgufi)
________________________
sagzuris Rirebuleba
___________________________________________________ lari

turistuli
turistuli
turistebis jgufebis
Tve jgufebis
raodenoba TveSi Semosvlis
raodenoba
grafiki
ianvari
Tebervali
-------------------------

dekemberi

im turistuli organizaciis misamarTi, visganac iwyeba mogzauroba:

_________________
______________________________________________________________________
____

78
 2. marSrutze ____________ mogzaurobisas turistebis momsaxurebis
programa

dasaxlebuli dagegmili
punqtebi, turistuli
daSoreba maT momsaxureba,
turistuli
Soris, eqskursiebis
organizaciebis Sida saeqskursio
gadaadgilebis (ZiriTadi
dasaxeleba da samarSruto xarjebi erT
saSualebebi, saCvenebeli
ganTavsebis gadazidvebi adamianze
punqtSi obieqtebi),
pirobebi
misvlisa da laSqrobebisa
punqtidan da gasvlebis
gasvlis dro dasaxeleba

sul: ____________________________
maT Soris 1 organizacia
_______________________________________________
2 organizacia
_______________________________________________
X organizacia ______________________________________________

SidasamarSruto gadazidvebs axorcielebs organizacia:

___________________________
jgufis gadacema xdeba punqtSi: _________________ b.a. xelmowerebi –
organizaciis
xelmZRvaneli
- mTavari
buRalteri

pirobiTi aRniSvnebi: X – momsaxureba turistuli organizaciis mier

X – `mSrali sakvebi~
X – RamissaTevi karavSi
da a.S.

3. mogzaurobis mokle aRwera (meordeba turistul sagzurze TandarTul

sainformacio furcelSi).

4. marSrutis momsaxure turistuli kompaniis

xelmZRvaneli (xelmowera)

79
 danarTi #2

turistuli kompaniis ________________________________________________

datvirTvis grafiki ___________ 2006 weli

Tve

jgufis turistuli momsaxurebis TariRi

# marSrutis
# 1 2 3 30 31

danarTi #3

turistuli mogzaurobis daxasiaTeba – sainformacio furceli

aucilebeli informacia

1. turistuli mogzaurobis saxisa da tipis Cveneba, programis ZiriTadi

Sinaarsi, marSrutis sigrZe da xangrZlivoba, fexiT gasvlebis nawili
da maTi sirTulis kategoria;
2. mogzaurobis marSrutis aRwera – gaCerebis punqtebi, TiToeul punqtSi
gaCerebis dro da gantavsebis pirobebi (Senobis tipi, nomerSi
adgilebis raodenoba, sanitarul-higienuri pirobebi);
3. mogzaurobis raionisa (RirsSesaniSnaobebi, reliefis Taviseburebebi da
a.S.) da mogzaurobis programis TiToeul punqtSi momsaxurebis
(teqnologiuri rukis Tanaxmad) mokle aRwera;
4. damatebiTi gadaxdis safuZvelze misaRebi momsaxurebis CamonaTvali;
5. sportuli darbazebisa da moednebis, avto gasaCerebeli adgilebis,
samgzavro sabagiro gzebis, wyalsacavebis, pliaJebis, atraqcionebis,
bavSvTa saTamaSo moednebis (oTaxebis), biblioTekebis, kinodarbazebis
da a.S. aRwera;
6. turistuli organizaciis, romelTanac iwyeba marSruti, misamarTi da
misvlis sqema.

damatebiTi informaciis pirobiTi CamonaTvali

1. informacia asakobrivi SezRudvebis, bavSviani mSoblebis, ojaxuri
wyvilebis miRebis Sesaxeb;
2. specialuri informacia turistuli laSqrobis (fexiT gasvlebi)
Semcveli marSrutebis Sesaxeb;
3. sxva informacia da rekomendacia.

SeniSvna: mizanSewonilia gansakuTrebuli aRniSvna gakeTdes im pirebTan

dakavSirebiT, visac mudmivi samedicino kontroli sWirdeba –
SesaZlebelia Tu ara maTi gaSveba marSrutze.

80
 danarTi #4

`tur-1~ formis turistuli sagzuris satitule mxare

tipiuri forma Sps `dasveneba~

damtkicebulia _______________ mier mosaxevi taloni
turistuli sagzuri turistul sagzurze
Sps `dasveneba~ (misamarTi, telefonebi, el-fosta, licenziis #) # _____

turi turi
__________________________________________________________________ ___________________
dasaxeleba, kodi, serTifikatis # dasaxeleba
myidveli (iuridiuli piri) ___________________
______________________________________________________ myidveli:
dasaxeleba, xelmZRvaneli, sabanko rekvizitebi, ___________________
sakontaqto informacia
fizikuri piri dasaxeleba, misamarTi
_________________________________________________________________ ___________________
saxeli, gvari, misamarTi, pasportis #, mogzaurobis
telefoni xangrZlivoba
turistebis sia `--`------- 2006-dan `--`----
________________________________________________________________ --- 2006-mde
saxeli, gvari, misamarTi, telefoni turistebis sia
___________________
________________________________________________________________ ___________________
jgufis xelmZRvaneli ___________________
___________________________________________________________ gadaxdili
mogzaurobis xangrZlivoba `---`----------------- 2006-dan `---`---------------------- 2006- momsaxureba
mde _________
mogzaurobis marSruti da gaCerebebis adgilebi ___________________
_____________________________________ momsaxurebis sruli
__________________________________________________________________ CamonaTvali
marSrutis dasawyisi (qalaqi, sadguri) ___________________
_____________________________________________ _________
gaCerebis adgilebi ___________________
_____________________________________________________________ _________
marSrutis dasasruli (qalaqi, sadguri) ___________________
____________________________________________ _________
momsaxurebis paketi: kategoria---, bileTi---, sastumro---, kveba---, viza---, sagzuris Rirebuleba
dazRv.---, transf.--- __________
saeqskursio programa gamyidveli
___________________________________________________________ ___________________
eqskursiebis raodenoba, gadaadgilebis saSualeba b.a
damatebiTi momsaxureba momsaxurebis
__________________________________________________________ pirobebs gavecani da
CamonaTvali veTanxmebi
sagzuris Rirebuleba myidveli
______________________________________________________ lari __________________
gayidvis TariRi `____`________________ 2006 weli b.a
gamyidveli: ___________________________ myidveli: gayidvis TariRi
______________________________ _______________
b.a. b.a.

81
 danarTi #5
`tur-1~ formis ukana gverdi (mxare)

mosaxev talons Tan turistuli sagzuri Sedgenilia 2006 wels dadebuli #--
erTvis turistebis xelSekrulebis pirobebis Sesabamisad.
sruli sia rogorc ganuyofeli nawili, sagzurs Tan axlavs:
grafaSi `gadaxdili turistebis sruli sia (5 da metis SemTxvevaSi)
momsaxureba~ iwereba moTxovnis Sesabamisad;
yvela (ZiriTadi da - marSrutze momsaxurebis programa;
damatebiTi) - vauCerebi, momsaxurebis programis Sesabamisad;
gadaxdili
- informacia risk-faqtorebisa da qcevis normebis
momsaxureba;
Sesaxeb sainformacio furceli);
grafaSi `sagzuris
(tipografiuli wesiT dabeWdvisas aucilebelia
Rirebuleba~
sagzurebis numeracia)
SesaZlebelia
miTiTebuli iyos
dolaris eqvivalenti Sevsebisas gamoyenebuli Semoklebebi da aRniSvnebi:
erovnul valutaSi; pm – piradobis mowmoba; B – mxolod RamisTeva;
taloni StampiT p – pasporti; SGL – erTadgiliani nomeri;
`gadaxdilia~ FB – sruli pansioni; DBL – oradgiliani nomeri;
adasturebs sagzuris HB – naxevarpansioni; TRP – samadgiliani nomeri
SeZenas naRdi BB – RamisTeva sauzmiT
angariSsworebiT;
gadaricxviT SeZenis
grafaSi `samgzavro bileTi~ iwereba satransporto
SemTxvevaSi, grafaSi
organizaciaSi arsebuli Semoklebebi.
`Rirebuleba~, iwereba
sagadasaxado qviTris grafaSi `sastumro~ iwereba sastumros klasi, qveyanaSi
nomeri. arsebuli sistemis mixedviT.
sxva grafebSi iwereba `ki~ an `ara~.
turistuli vauCeri --------- cali miviRe, turistuli
momsaxurebis pirobebs, Sinaarssa da SezRudvebs
(gansakuTrebul pirobebs) Tanxis gadaxdamde gavecani da
vaRiareb.
Myidveli
___________________________________________________
________
b.a. (organizaciis SemTxvevaSi)
-

82
 danarTi #6
dajavSnis furceli

# -------------- kategoria ------------------------------ (saswrafo, Cveulebrivi)

1. monacemebi turistebis Sesaxeb

saxeli, gvari pasportis # dabadebis miRebuli SeniSvna

weli dokumenti

2. programa (qveynis)

qalaqi/kurorti sastumro Sesvlis gasvlis Rameebis nomris kveba

dro dro raodenoba tipi da
raodenoba

3. saaviacio momsaxureba
__________________________________________________
aviakompania, klasi
4. savizo momsaxureba ki ara
5. dazRveva ki ara
6. transferi ki ara
7. manqanis arenda ki ara
8. damatebiTi momsaxureba
________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_____
9. SekveTis Rirebuleba
__________________________________________________
turis anazRaurebis damatebiTi pirobebi
__________________________________
10. uaris damatebiTi pirobebi
______________________________________________

SekveTa miviRe: _________________________________

dajavSnis, turistuli momsaxurebis miRebisa da turistuli sagzuris
SeZenis pirobebs gavecani da mastan dakavSirebul valdebulebebs viReb
Cems Tavze. maqvs ufleba aviRo valdebulebebi Cemi da siaSi aRniSnuli
turistebis saxeliT.

SemkveTi:
__________________________________________________________________
koordinatebi kavSirisaTvis
TariRi: _________________

gamoyenebuli literatura

83
1. m. metreveli – turizmi, 2003;
2. m. metreveli – turizmi da garemos dacva, 2004;
3. m. metreveli – turistul terminTa inglisur-qarTuli ganmartebiTi
leqsikoni, 2006;
4. v. SublaZe – saqarTvelo da turizmi, 2004;
5. saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo aqtebi, #2, 1999;
6. saqarTvelos kurortebi, Tbilisi 1987;
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8. `mdgradi ganviTarebis erovnuli Sefasebis angariSi~ - Tbilisi, 2002;
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28. С. Медлик – Гостиничный бизнес, Москва, 2005;
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85