The Passive (2)

passive 1 မွာတုန္းက subj ေတြမသံုးခ်င္လို႔ မသိလ႔ို အေရးမၾကီးလို႔ passive သံုးရတယ္ဆိုျပီးေျပာခဲ႔ပါတယ္..

ဒီတစ္ခါက်ေတာ႔ ဆန္႔က်င္ဘက္တစ္ခုမွတ္ရပါမယ္..

Subj တစ္ခုကို သိသာလြန္းေအာင္ ထင္ရွားလြန္းေအာင္လုပ္လိုတဲ႔အခါမွာလည္း passive ကိုသံုးရပါတယ္..

အဲဒါေၾကာင္႔ ဇာတ္ညႊန္းတို႔ သီခ်င္းတို႔ ျပဇာတ္တို႔ ကဗ်ာတို႔ ကိုေရးတဲ႔သူေတြကိုေဖာ္ျပရင္ passive
ကိုသံုးျပီးေဖာ္ျပတတ္ပါတယ္.. ဒီသီခ်င္းေတြ ကဗ်ာေတြက ဘယ္သ႔က
ူ ိုရည္ရြယ္တာပါ လိ႔ေ
ု ျပာရင္လည္း passive
နဲ႔သံုးတတ္ပါတယ္..
This song is written by ….. / composed by ….. / dedicated to ….

ေနာက္တစ္ခုက ဗမာမွာဆိုရင္ မ႑ပ္တိုင္တက္တယ္ေခၚမလား.. ကိုယ္႔ဂုဏ္ကိုယ္ေဖာ္တယ္ေခၚမလားမေျပာတတ္ဘူး

အဲလို အေျခအေနမ်ိဳးမွာလည္း passive နဲ႔သံုးတာပဲဗ်..

The whole thing was done by me!

ေက်ာင္းတုန္းကဆိုရင္ အခုလိုပံုစံမ်ိဳးကို မွားတယ္လ႔ိုသတ္မွတ္ပါတယ္.. သူတ႔ေ

ို ျပာတဲ႔မွားတယ္ဆိုတာ
အမွတ္ေပးစည္းမ်ဥ္းအရေျပာတာပါ.. အေျခခံပညာအဆင္႔အမွတ္ေပးပံုစံမွာ by me/you/them/her..
အဲလိုေတြမရပါဘူး

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ဒီတစ္ေခါက္မွာေတာ႔ passive ရဲ႕ grammar structure ကိုေလ႔လာပါမယ္..

Passive ရဲ႕ အဓိက grammar point က .. (be) + past participle ပါ.. အဲဒါကိုကိုင္ထားျပီး ၀ါက်ေတြကို passive
voice ေျပာင္းၾကည္႔ပါမယ္.. ဥပမာေပးမယ္႔၀ါက်ေတြက passive ရဲ႕ grammar တည္ေဆာက္ပံုကိုပဲရည္ရြယ္ျပီး
အဓိပၸာယ္ကိုရည္ရြယ္တာမဟုတ္ဘူးဆိုတာေလးကို သတိကပ္ေပးထားပါ.. အခုတည္ေဆာက္မယ္႔၀ါက်မ်ိဳးကို
passive အေနနဲ႔သံုးၾကမွာမဟုတ္ပါဘူး…. ပံုစံကိုပဲအာရံုစိုက္ရပါမယ္

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Active Subj Obj

Passive Subj (by) Obj

active နဲ႔ passive ဆိုတာ subj နဲ႔ obj ကိုေနရာေျပာင္းျပီးသံုးတာပါ.. active က subj က passive
ကိုေရာက္လာျပီဆိုရင္ သူ႔ေရွ႕မွာ (by) ခံေပးရပါတယ္
passive မွာပါတဲ႔ (by) ကို agent လိ႔ေ
ု ခၚပါတယ္.. မမွတ္လည္းဘာမွမျဖစ္ပါဘူး..
The Passive Structure
(be) + past participle

Tense 12 ခုမွာ helping verb ကိုယ္ပိုင္အေနနဲ႔မရွိတ႔ဲ Simple Present နဲ႔ Simple Past ၀ါက်ေတြကို active ကေန
passive ေျပာင္းရင္ verb ေနရာမွာ (be) + past participle
ပံုစံအတိုင္းပဲထားေပးရံုနဲ႔အလြယ္တကူေျပာင္းလို႔ရပါတယ္..

Examples
1. Mary writes the report. (A)

The report is written by Mary. (P)

2. Mary wrote the report.

The report was written by Mary.

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3. Mary is writing the report.

simple present/ past ကလြရ
ဲ င္က်န္တဲ႔ tense ေတြအကုန္လံုးကိုမွန္ကန္ေအာင္ေျပာင္းတတ္ဖို႔ဆုိရင္
ပံုေသနည္းတစ္ခုကိုမွတ္ရပါမယ္.. ဥပမာပံုစံကိုသေဘာေပါက္ေအာင္ၾကည္႔ပါ..

Mary is writing the report. verb က >> (be) + ing

ေျပာင္းမွာက passive ဆိုေတာ႔ သူ႔ရဲ႕ grammar point ကို ေနာက္ဆံုးစကားလံုးေအာက္မွာထား

Mary is writing the report. (be) + ing

(be) + pp

(be) က ing ေအာက္ ေရာက္ေနရင္ (be) ကို ing ပံုစံေျပာင္း..

ေနာက္ဆံုးက past participle က main verb

The report is being written by Mary.

4. Mary was writing the report.

The report was being written by Mary.
5. Mary has written the report. (have) + pp

(be) + pp
(be) ရဲ႕ past participle က been
The report has been written by Mary.

6. Mary had written the report.

The report had been written by Mary.

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7. Mary has been writing the report since … (have) been + ing

(be) + pp
The report has been being written by Mary since ...

8. Mary had been writing the report since …

The report had been being written by Mary since …

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Modal verbs ေတြရ႕ဲ ေနာက္မွာ base form verb ပဲျဖစ္ရမယ္

9. Mary will write the report. will + base

(be) + pp
(be) ရဲ႕ base form က be ပဲ
The report will be written by Mary.

10. Mary will be writing the report. will be + ing

(be) + pp
The report will be being written by Mary.

11. Mary will have written the report. will have + pp

(be) + pp
The report will have been written by Mary.

12. Mary will have been writing the report. will have been + ing

(be) + pp
The report will have been being written by Mary.
Exercise

My sister (clean) the office. ဒီ၀ါက်ကို Active & Passive နွစ္မ်ိဳးတြဲျပီး Tenses 12 ခုျပည္႔ေအာင္ေျဖပါ
(Keys)
My sister (clean) the office.

1. simple present
The office is cleaned by my sister.

2. present progressive
The office is being cleaned by my sister.

3. present perfect
The office has been cleaned by my sister.

4. present perfect progressive

The office has been being cleaned by my sister.
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5. past simple
The office was cleaned by my sister.

6. past progressive
The office was being cleaned by my sister.

7. past perfect
The office had been cleaned by my sister.

8. past perfect progressive

The office had been being cleaned by my sister.
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9. simple future
The office will be cleaned by my sister.

10. future progressive

The office will be being cleaned by my sister.

11. future perfect

The office will have been cleaned by my sister.

12. future perfect progressive

The office will have been being cleaned by my sister.