Professional Documents
Culture Documents
3º DE E.S.O.
Chapter 3:
SYSTEMS OF
NUTRITION
SYSTEMS INVOLVED IN NUTRITION
Do you remember? Activity
1. Explain what each one of the arrows represents.
http://
www.youtube.com/
watch?v=_l8aLmomDPU
https://
www.youtube.com/
watch?v=s1q2srfUU0g
Introduction
The digestive
system is used for
breaking down food
into nutrients which
then pass into the
circulatory system
and are taken to
where they are
needed in the body.
Gastric glands:Secrete gastric
juice and protective mucus
Intestinal glands:
•Secrete intestinal juice and
protective mucus
2 DIGESTION PROCESS
• http://www.edistribucion.es/anayaeducacion/8440042/U03_SC3/02
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=s1q2srfUU0g
Introduction
Digestion can be
considered as a
series of steps:
1. Physical or
mechanical
digestion
2.Chemical digestion
3. Absorption
4. Egestion.
2.1 MECHANICAL DIGESTION
Chewing
In this step teeth are used to
break down food into small
pieces by cutting, tearing,
crushing and grinding it. The
tongue mixes saliva with
the food and forms a bolus
of food. That is a conscious
act using voluntary muscles.
2.1 MECHANICAL DIGESTION
• To enter the
stomach, the bolus
must pass through
the lower
esophageal
sphincter (cardia), a
muscle that keeps
stomach acid out of
the esophagus.
2.2 CHEMICAL DIGESTION
• The stomach Cells
which lined the inner
wall of the stomach
produce gastric
juices. These juices
contain proteases
(enzymes)which
break down proteins,
and hydrochloric
acid (HCl).
2.2 CHEMICAL DIGESTION
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hc1YtXc_84A
3.1Anatomy of the respiratory
system
3.2 How does the respiratory
system work
Breathing has three phases:
Inhalation
Gas exchange
Exhalation
3.2 How does the respiratory system
work: Inhalation and exhalation
3.2 How does the respiratory system
work: Inhalation and exhalation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NSEzg6TBheY
During Inhaling, the brain sends electric impulses by nerves to the diaphragm
and the inter costal muscles.
These actions expand the thoracic cavity and increase the volume, with the
volume increasing the internal pressure decreases which makes air enter the
lungs through the mouth, nose and trachea.
During Exhaling, the diaphragm and the inter costal muscles relax again,
contracting the thoracic cavity thus squeezing the air out of the lungs to the
trachea and mouth and nose to the atmosphere
Composition of inhaled air and
exhaled air
3.2 How does the respiratory system
work: gas exchange
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJpur6XUiq4
3.2 How does the respiratory
system work: gas exchange
4. The circulatory system
The circulatory system transport nutrients, oxygen, CO2
and waste around the body.
A. Plasma
Fight infection
•C). Thrombocytes –
Platelets.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H04d3rJCLCE
4.3 The heart
4.4 Cardiac Cycle
The systemic
circulation transports
blood rich in oxygen
from the heart to the
cells and then returns
poor in oxygen
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UqbOpeQG_YA
5 BLOOD CIRCULATION
6. The lymphatic system and
the internal medium
All cells of the body are bathed in fluid called intercellular or
intersticial plasma (tissue fluid).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EEP0PYEWcwU
Thymus:
- located in the middle of the
chest
- provide growth and
immunity
- gets smaller when the
organism gets older
- secretes thymosin (helps
lymphocytes to become
mature)
6.2 Lymphatic System
Lymphatic capillaries are
tiny vessels of the lymphatic
system.
Near each cell there are
lymph capillaries that made up
lymph vessels.
When water and proteins
enter lymph capillaries they
are called lymph.
Lymph capillaries are made
up of epithelial cells, they are
more permeable than blood
capillaries.
6.2 Lymphatic System
Lymph nodes
- play role in body
defense against disease
- produces lymphocytes
6.2 Lymphatic System
Tonsils:
trap and destroy
bacteria
6.2 Lymphatic System
The lymphatic system
does not have pumping
organ
• There
approximately 1 loop of Henle from other
nephrons
million nephrons in
each kidney
7.2 The excretory system: urine
• Nephrons clean the blood in a three-step process.
• The first step is filtration of the blood.
• Glomerulus: 1 FILTRATION
Network of
Water, electrolytes,
capillaries
amino acids,
glucose, urea, and
• Bowman’s other small
Capsule: molecules diffuse
Encases the out of the blood,
glomerulus creating the filtrate.
3 EXCRETION