SCIENCE as the "the field of study which attempts to describe and understand the

nature of the universe in whole or part."

CHEMISTRY is the scientific discipline involved with compounds composed of

atoms, i.e. elements, and molecules, i.e. combinations of atoms: their
composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during
a reaction with other compounds.

3 STATES OF MATTER

1. SOLID
2. LIQUID
3. GAS
4. PLASMA
5. BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE

EXAMPLES:

WOOD (SOLID) – High density. Holds its own shape. Difficult to expand/compress.

WATER (LIQUID) – High density. Adopts the shape of container. Hard to

expand/compress.

GAS (AIR) – Low density. Fills container. Easy to expand/compress.

THE 4th STATE OF MATTER

PLASMA – Dr. Irving Langmuir, an American chemist and physicist in 1929.

“Nothing is permanent in this world except change”.

MATTER UNDERGOES DIFFERENT CHANGES, AND THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF

CHANGES IN MATTER- PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND NUCLEAR. AMONG THE 3
CHANGES, IT IS PHYSICAL CHANGE THAT’S COMMON TO US.

STATE CHANGES:

1. MELTING – solid to liquid

2. EVAPORATION – liquid to gas.
3. CONDENSATION – gas to liquid.
4. SOLIDIFICATION – liquid to solid.
5. SUBLIMATION – solid to gas.
6. DEPOSITION – gas to solid.
THE SUN – produces energy from nuclear fusion.

GENERAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

1. INERTIA – the resistance of an object to changes in motion.

2. MASS – amount of matter in an object.
3. WEIGHT – measure of the pull of gravity on an object.
4. VOLUME – amount of space an object takes up.
5. DENSITY – mass per unit of volume.

SPECIFIC PROPERTIES OF MATTER

1. HARDNESS – ability to oppose a change in shape.

2. BRITTLENESS – the ability to crumble.
3. LUSTER – ability of a substance to shine.
4. MALLEABILITY – ability to be hammered into thin sheets.
5. DUCTILITY – ability to be drawn into fine wires.
6. ELASTICITY – ability to be stretched but van be form again to its original
form.
7. POROSITY – ability to absorb liquid.
8. FLEXIBILITY – ability to bend without breaking.
9. SOLUBILITY – ability of matter to dissolve another material.