Tuần Tiết Nội dung dạy HKI

1 1 Part 1: Tenses
2 2 Part 2: Reported speech
3 3 Part 3: Passive voice
4 4 Part 4: Conditional sentences
5 5 Part 5: Past subjunctive
6 6 Part 6: Inversion
7 7 Part 7: Relative Clauses
8 8 Part 8: Verb forms
9 9 Part 9 : Articles
10 10 Part 10 : Prepositions
11 11 Part 11 : Reading comprehension
Week: 1 - Period: 1 Class: 12A8
Date of teaching:
PART 1: VERB TENSES
A. TENSES:
1. The simple present tense: (thì hiện tại đơn)
S + V(s/es) ( “to be” : S + am / is / are )
Adverbs: always, usually, often, sometimes, everyday/week/night…, seldom, rarely…
Diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên hoặc một hành động thường xuyên xảy ra.
2. The present continuous tense: (thì hiện tại tiếp diễn)
S + am / is / are + V-ing
Adverbs: now, at the moment, at present, right now.
Diễn tả một sự việc đang xảy ra ở thời điểm hiện tại
Cấu trúc be + going to + V diễn tả tương lai gần
3. The present perfect tense: (thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
S + have / has + V pp(ed/3)
Adverbs: just, already, not…yet, never, ever, recently, several/many times, up to now, so far,
For + khoảng thời gian, Since + môc thời gian…
Diễn tả một sự việc xảy ra không xác định được thời gian hoặc một sự viecj xảy ra xác định rõ thời gian
nhưng chưa kết thúc .
4. The simple past tense: (thì quá khứ đơn)
S + Ved/2 (động từ “to be”: S + was / were)
Adverbs: yesterday, last, ago, in (2005).
Diễn tả một sự việc diễn ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ
5. The past continuous tense: (thì quá khứ tiếp diễn)
S + was / were + V -ing
DIễn tả một sự việc đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ ( at 7:00 last night)
Diễn tả hai sự việc diễn ra song song trong quá khứ ( với các liên từ : when, while, as)
6. The past perfect tense : (thì quá khứ hoàn thành)
S + had + Vpp
Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một thời điểm hoặc một sự việc khác trong quá khứ .
Thường dùng kèm với thì quá khứ đơn ( trong câu có các liên từ : before, after, until)
7. The simple future tense: (thì tương lai đơn)
S + will / shall + V(bare) (Dùng “be going to + V” diễn tả một tương lai gần)
Adverbs: tomorrow, in the future, next…, in six days (trong 6 ngày tới )
8. The present perfect continuous : (thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn)
S + have / has + been + V-ing
Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và kéo dài liên tục đến hiện tại ( wait, sleep, study….)

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 Ex: I have been waiting for her for 3 hours/ since 3 o’clock
9. The future continuous: (thì tương lai tiếp diễn).
S + will + be + V-ing
Diễn tả một sự việc đang xảy ra hoặc xảy ra song song với một hành động khác trong tương lai.
Ex: This time next week we will be lying on the beach
10. The future perfect: (thì tương lai hoàn thành).
S + will + have + Vpp
Diễn tả một sự việc hoàn thành trước một thời điểm trong tương lai
Ex : We will have left school before this July
 The adverbial clauses of time: (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian): là mệnh đề sử dụng các liên từ : when, while,
as, after, before, as soon as, till, until, since….
Sự phối hợp về thì trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian
Main clause Adverbial clause of time
1. Present tenses ( hiện tại)  present tenses
2. Past tenses (quá khứ)  past tenses
3. Future tenses (tương lai)  present tenses
 Notes :
 Không dùng thì tương lai ( will/shall ) trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian
 Với liên từ Since: S + has/have +Ved/3 since S + Ved/2.
 Có hai hành động xảy ra: S + had +Ved/3 before S + Ved/2
S + Ved/2 after S + had + Ved/3
 Sau WHILE/AS thong thường là thì tiếp diễn : while/ as S + was/were + V-ing
 Sau các liên từ mà không có Chủ ngữ ta dùng Ving: After having finished the exam, I’ll go home.
 EXERCISE: CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER:
1. I -------------- this film twice.
A. see B. Saw C. will see D. have seen
2. After -------------- her performance, she invited the audience to ask questions.
A. she finishes B. finished C. finishing D. she will finish
3. His father -------------- of cancer last year.
A. will die B. has died C. died D. had died
4. The train -------------- when we got to the station.
A. just left B. just leaves C. has just left D. had just left
5. As soon as Martina saw the fire, she -------------- the fire department.
A. was telephoning B. telephoned C. had telephoned D. has telephoned
6. Before Jennifer won the lottery, she -------------- any kind of contest.
A. hasn’t entered B. doesn’t enter C. wasn’t entering D. hadn’t entered
7. Every time Parkas sees a movie made in India, he -------------- homesick.
A. will have left B. felt C. feels D. is feeling
8. Since I left Venezuela six years ago, I -------------- to visit friends and family several times.
A. return B. will have returned C. am returning D. have returned
9. Yesterday while I was attending a sales meeting, Mathew -------------- on the company annual report.
A. was working B. had been working C. has worked D. works
10. When my parents -------------- for a visit tomorrow, they will see our new baby for the first time.
A. will arrive B. arrived C. arrive D. will have arrived
11. The last time I -------------- in Athens, the weather was hot and humid.
A. had been B. was C. am D. will have been
12. After the race --------------, the celebration began
A. had been won B. is won C. will be won D. has been won
13. Andy -------------- out of the restaurant when he -------------- Jenny
A. came/saw B. is coming /saw C. came/was seeing D. was coming/had seen

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14. While he was washing his car, Mr. Brown -------------- a small dint in the rear fender.
A. has discovered B. was discovering C. is discovering D. discovered
15. Linda has lost her passport again. It’s the second time this --------------.
A. has happened B. happens C. happened D. had happened
16. At this time tomorrow, we -------------- our final exam.
A. will have taking B. will be taken C. would take D. will be taking
17. The baby --------------. Don’t make so much noise.
A. sleep B. sleeps C. is sleeping D. slept
18. Peter said he -------------- a test the following day.
A. had had B. will have C. has had D. would have
19. It is not so hot today as it -------------- yesterday.
A. is B. was C. would be D. had been
20. -------------- a party next Saturday. We have sent out the invitation.
A. we had B. we have C. we’ll have D. we have had
21. I’m very tired -------------- over four hundred miles to day.
A. I drive B. I’ve driven C. I’m driving D. I’ve been driving
22. I’m busy at the moment . -------------- on the computer.
A. I work B. I’m worked C. I’m working D. I worked
23. Our friends -------------- meet us at the airport tonight.
A. are B. are going to C. go to D. will be to
24. I will tell Anna all the news when -------------- her
A. I’ll see B. I’m going to see C. I see D. I’m seeing
25. Don’t worry, I -------------- here to help you
A. be B. will be C. am going to be D. won’t be
26. When I entered the room, everyone --------------.
A. has been dancing B. was dancing C. had danced D. danced
27. Before the invention of the steamboat there -------------- no way to cross the ocean.
A. has been B. could have been C. had been D. would be
28. He said that he -------------- his homework since 7 o’clock.
A. had done B. did C. has done D. was doing
29. Tom said everything -------------- ready when the match --------------.
A. will be/starts B. would be/started C. is/started D. will be/started
30. How long -------------- able to drive? - Since 1990.
A. could you B. have you been C. were you D. are you
31. She won't get married until she -------------- 25 years old.
A. is B. will be C. had been D. was.
32. Look. The yard is wet. It -------------- last night.
A. must rain B. couldn’t have rained C. must have rained D. should have rained
33. After Mary -------------- her degree, she intends to work in her father's company.
A. will finish B. is finishing C. finishes D. will have finished
34. When he -------------- all the letters, he took them to the post office.
A. has written B. had written C. wrote D. had been writing
35. By the end of this month, I -------------- English for 6 years.
A. have learnt B. will have learnt C. had learnt D. learnt
36. We -------------- in touch with each other for years.
A. will not keep B. are not keeping C. did not keep D. have not kept
37. She has learnt French -------------- the age of five.
A. since B. for C. before D. in
38. Tom -------------- before we arrived there.
A. has left B. had left C. will leave D. leaves

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 39. Up to now, I -------------- a lot of information about her.
A. learnt B. have learnt C. will learn D. would learn
40. Wait here until I -------------- you.
A. am going to call B. will call C. am calling D. call
41. When I came to visit her, she -------------- a bath.
A. was having B. has C. is having D. had

Mary had to go to New York last week, but she almost ---42----------- the plane. She ---43----------- in the queue
at the check-in desk when she suddenly ----44---------- that she ----45---------- her passport at home. Fortunately,
she ---46----------- very far from the airport, so she ----47---------- time to take a taxi at home to get it.
42. A. missed B. was missing C. had missed D. had been missing
43. A. stood B. had stood C. was standing D. had been standing
44. A. was realizing B. realized C. had realized D. would realize
45. A. was leaving B. left C. had left D. would leave
46. A. hadn’t lived B. doesn’t live C. didn’t live D. hasn’t lived
47. A. had B. had had C. has D. has had
48. It is an hour since he --------------, so he should be at office now.
A. left B. has left C. had left D. was leaving
B. TRANSFORMATION OF TENSES:
 NOTES: a. It + be + time + since + simple past
b. It is the first/ second/ third …… time + present perfect
c. The last time + simple past
d. Present perfect + since + simple past
 EXERCISE: REWRITE THESE SENTENCES:
1. The last time she had a swim was ten years ago.
 She hasn’t ………………………………………………………………………………… ............................
2. I have never met such a famous person before.
 It is ………………………………………………………………………………………... ...........................
3. I last saw him when I was a student.
 I haven’t …………………………………………………………...................................... ............................
4. I haven’t come there for two years.
 I last …………………………………………………………............................................ ............................
5. I have studied English for seven years.
 I started …………………………………………………………....................................................................
 EXERCISE: CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER:
1. I have never seen such beautiful pictures before.
A. These pictures are the most beautiful I have never seen.
B. These pictures are the most beautiful I have ever seen.
C. This is the first time I see beautiful pictures.
D. This is the first time I have seen beautiful pictures.
2. Jack has stopped writing letters to Jill.
A. Jack has no longer stopped writing letters to Jill. B. Jack used to write letters to Jill.
C. Jack has never written letters to Jill. D. Jack stopped writing letters to Jill when Jill come.
3. Mary has been working in this company for five years.
A. Mary began to work in this company for five years.
B. Mary began working in this company for five years ago.
C. Mary began to work in this company five years ago.
D. Mary has begun to work in this company five years ago.
4. I have never eaten this kind of food before.
A. I used to eat this kind of food before. B. Before I came here I had ever eaten this kind of food.

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 C. This is the first time I have ever eaten this kind of food.
D. This is the most delicious food I have ever eaten.
5. She last saw him years ago.
A. She hasn’t seen him years ago B. She hasn’t seen him for years ago.
C. She didn’t see him for years . D. It’s years since she last saw him.
6. It’s ages since I last saw a Hollywood film.
A. It’s ages because I last saw a Hollywood film. B. I haven’t seen any Hollywood film before.
C. I saw a last Hollywood film since ages ago. D. I haven’t seen a Hollywood film for a long time.
7. He hasn’t smoked a cigarette for a week.
A. It is for a week that he hasn’t smoked a cigarette. B. It is a week since he last smoked a cigarette.
C. It is a cigarette that he smoked a week ago. D. It is a week ago that he smoked a cigarette.
8. It started to rain at 2 o’clock and it is still raining.
A. It has been raining at 2 o’clock. B. It has been raining since 2 o’clock.
C. It has been raining for 2 o’clock. D. It has been raining in 2 o’clock.
9. They had finished their tea and then they left.
A. They finished their tea after they had left. B. After they had left, they finished their tea.
C. They had left before they finished their tea. D. After they had finished their tea, they left.
10. John began playing the piano 10 years ago.
A. John played the piano 10 years ago. B. John has played the piano for 10 years.
C. John used to play the piano 10 years ago. D. John doesn’t play the piano anymore.

Week: 2 - Period: 2 Class: 12A8

Date of teaching:
PART 2: REPORTED SPEECH
CÁC NGUYÊN TẮC CHUNG
1. Thay đổi động từ trong câu tường thuật
Động từ tường thuật là động từ giới thiệu câu nói trực tiếp hay câu nói gián tiếp. Khi đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián
tiếp, động từ tường thuật được thay đổi tùy theo trường hợp cụ thể. Dưới đây là các động tường thuật dùng trong câu:
Said → said that
Said to sb → told sb
Ex: - He said, “I am twenty years old.”
He said that he was twenty years old.
- He said to me, “I work in a factory.”
He told me that he worked in a factory.
2. Thay đổi thì trong câu tường thuật:
Khi động từ tường thuật ở các thì quá khứ, chúng ta đổi thì trong câu gián tiếp như sau:

Simple present (V(s/es))  Simple past (V2/ed )

Simple past (V2/ed)
Simple future (will/ shall + V0 )
Present continuous (am/is/are + V-ing)
Past continuous (was/were + V-ing)
Future continuous (will + be + V-ing)
Present perfect (have/has + V3/ed)
Past perfect (had + V3/ed)
Future perfect (will + have + V3/ed)
can
may
must
 Past perfect ( had + V3/ed )
 Future in the past ( would/ should + V0 )
 Past continuous (was/ were + V-ing )
 Past perfect continuous / past continuous
 Future continuous in the past (would + be + V-ing)
 Past perfect (had + V3/ed)
 Past perfect (had + V3/ed)
 Future perfect in the past (would + have + V3/ed)
 could
 might
 had to

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 Ex: He said, “I am a taxi driver.”
He said that he was a taxi driver.
He said, “I am living in London.”
He said that he was living in London.
He said, “I have visited many famous places.”
He said that he had visited many famous places.
He said, “I visited The Great Wall in China.”
He said that he had visited The Great Wall in China.
He said, “I will look for a better job.”
He said he would look for a better job.
“I must go now,” Alice said. → Alice said that he had to go at that time.
She said, “I can swim.”
She said she could swim.
3. Thay đổi về đại từ nhân xưng, đại từ sở hữu, tính từ sở hữu:

Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

Ngôi thứ nhất Đôỉ thành ngôi của người nói (cùng ngôi với chủ từ trong
mệnh đề chính
Ngôi thứ hai Đổi thành ngôi của người nghe (cùng ngôi với tân ngữ trong
mệnh đề chính)
Ngôi thứ ba Không thay đổi

Ex: He said, “I like my job.”

He said that he like his job.
He said to me, “You look like my sister.”
He told me that I looked like his siter.
4. Thay đổi từ chỉ định, các trạng từ và cụm từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn:

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

this that
these those
now then, at that time, immediately
here there
today that day
ago before
yesterday the day before, the previous day
tomorrow the next day, the following day, the day after
this year / month / week that year / month / week
last year / month / week the year / month / week before;
the previous year / month / week.
next year / month / week the year / month / week after;
the following year / month / week.
a year / month / week ago a year / month / week before;
a year / month / week earlier
The day before yesterday Two days before
The day after tomorrow Two days after

Ex: He said, “I am working hard today.”

He said that he was working hard that day.

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 They said, “We went to work late yesterday.”
They said that they had gone to work late the day before.

* LƯU Ý: Các trường hợp KHÔNG thay đổi thì trong câu tường thuật:
a. Câu điều kiện loại 2 và 3
Nếu câu nói trực tiếp là câu điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3, ta chỉ thay đổi các đại từ, tình từ…mà không đổi thì trong câu.
Ex: “If I were older, I would retire.”, he said.
He said if he were older, he would retire.
“If I had heard the whole story, I would have acted differently”, he said
He said that if he had heard the whole story, he would have acted differently.
b. Câu trực tiếp diễn tả một chân lí, hay một thói quen ở hiện tại.
Nếu câu nói trực tiếp nói về một sự thật, một chân lí hay một thói quen thường xuyên lặp đi, lập lại ở hiện tại, khi đổi
sang câu gián tiếp ta phải giữ nguyên thì của câu trực tiếp.
Ex 1: Trực tiếp: The teacher said, “The earth moves round the Sun”
Gián tiếp: The teacher said that The earth moves round the Sun.
Ex 2: Trực tiếp: My wife always drinks coffee for breakfast.
Gián tiếp: He said that his wife always drinks coffee for breakfast.

c. Động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn, hiện tại hoàn thành, tương lai.
Nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn, hiện tại hoàn thành, tương lai, khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp,
ta không thay đổi thì và các cum trạng từ và cụm từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn, mà chỉ thay đổi các đại từ hay tính từ…
Ex: He says/ He is saying/ He has said/ He will say, “The bus is coming.” → He says the bus is coming.
d. Không thay đổ thì của động từ trong câu gián tiếp nếu có thời gian xác định trong quá khứ.
Ex. She said, ‘‘I was born in 1980’’
She said that she was born in 1980
e. Các động từ khiếm khuyết: could, would, might, ought to, should thường không thay đổi trong câu tường
thuật.
Ex. He said, ‘I might come’
He said that He might come’
- Khi tường thuật mệnh đề ước muốn: “wish’
Ex: He said; “I wish I had a lot of money”
 He wishes (that) he had a lot of money
- Khi tường thuật cấu trúc: “It’s (high/ about) time”
Ex: She said; “It’s about time you went to bed; children”
 She told her children that It’s about time they went to bed

I. REPORTED SPEECH: STATEMENTS (Câu trần thuật)

Ta dùng động từ say hoặc tell để tường thuật:
Ex:
* S + said + (that) + S + V
* S + told + O + (that) + S + V

He said, “I have just bought a computer today.”

He said that he had just bought a computer that day.
Linda said, “There is someone at the door, Bill.”
Linda told Bill that there was someone at the door.

II. REPORTED SPEECH: QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi)

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a. Yes-No questions: Khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp, ta cần thêm if hoặc whether trước chủ từ của câu hỏi được tường
thuật:

* S + asked + (O) + if / whether + S + V

* S + wondered + if /whether + S + V
* S + wanted to know + if /whether + S +V Ex:
He
said to me, “Are you from Canada?”
He asked me if/whether I was from Canada.
The man said to her, “Did Bill tell you my address?”
The man asked her if/whether Bill had told her his address.
The girl said, “Do you live near here, David?”
She asked David if/whether he lived near there.
b. Wh – Questions: Các câu hỏi bắt đầu bằng một từ để hỏi như: who, when, where, when, why, how…,

* S + asked + (O) + wh -word + S + V

* S + wondered + wh - word + S + V
* S + wanted to know + wh - word + S + V

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III. REPORTED SPEECH: COMMANDS/ORDERS/REQUESTS (Câu mệnh lệnh/Câu đề nghị)
Ta dung động từ ask hoặc tell để tường thuật:

* S + told/asked + O + to V(inf)
* S + told /asked+ O + not + to V(inf)

EX:
 Dick said to Jim: “Please open the window.”  Dick told Jim to open the window.
 Mother said, “Tim, go to bed early.”  Mother told Tim to go to bed early.
 Father said to Liz: “Don’t come home late.”  Father told Liz not to come home late.
 Mary angrily said: “Never smoke in my room.”  Mary told us not to smoke in her room.
 “Would you turn on the radio, please?” She asked.  She asked me to turn on the radio.
 “Could you lend me some money, please?” He asked. He asked me to lend him some money.

Tóm tắt Câu gián tiếp

Statements
(Câu phát biểu)
Commands
(Câu mệnh lệnh)
Wh-questions
(Câu hỏi nội dung)
Yes-no questions
(Câu hỏi có không)
* S + said + (that) + S + V
* S + told + O + (that) + S + V
* S + told/asked + O + to V(inf)
* S + told /asked+ O + not + to V0
* S + asked + (O) + wh-… + S + V
* S + wondered + wh-… + S + V
* S + wanted to know + wh-… + S + V
* S + asked + (O) + if / whether + S + V
* S + wondered + if /whether + S + V
* S + wanted to know + if / whether + S + V

BẢNG TÓM TẮT

1. Một số độnh từ dùng để tường thuật infinitive:
Promise + to V0: hứa
Agree + to V0 : đồng ý
Offer + to V0: ngỏ ý
Refuse + to V0: từ chối
Threaten + to V0: đe dọa
Beg sb + to V0 : van xin, cầu xin
Command sb + to V0 : lệnh
Forbid sb + to V0: cấm
Order sb + to V0: ra lệnh
Recommend sb + to V0: giới thiệu, đề nghị
Request sb + to V0: yêu cầu
Urge sb + to V0 : nài nỉ, cố thuyết phục
Advise sb + to V0 : khuyên
Ask sb + to V0 : yêu cầu ai làm gì
Encourage sb + to V0 : khuyến khích
Remind sb + to V0 : nhắc nhở
Invite sb + to V0 : mời
Tell sb + to V0 : bảo
Warn sb + (not) to V0 : cảnh báo

2. Một số động từ dùng để tường thuật Gerund:

9
admit + Ving : thừa nhận đã làm việc gì
deny + Ving: phủ nhận đã làm việc gì
suggest + Ving: đề nghị làm việc gì
apologise (to sb) for + Ving: xin lỗi (ai)vì đã làm gì
insist on + Ving : khăng khăng đòi làm gì
dream of + Ving: mơ tưởng trở thành
think of + Ving : nghĩ tới ai/cái gì
look forward to + Ving: mong đợi
accuse sb of Ving: buộc tội ai về việc gì.
congratulate sb on Ving: chúc mừng ai về
warn sb against Ving: khuyến cáo (ai) đừng làm điều gì
thank sb for Ving : cảm ơn ai về việc gì
prevent sb from Ving: Ngăn ai khỏi việc gì

Exercise 1:Rewrite following sentences so that the meaning stay the same.
1.”If I were you, I wouldn’t buy this car”
He advised..................................................................................................................
2.”Shall I carry your suicase, Lan?”said Nam.
Nam offered..............................................................................................................
3.”Yes,all right, I’ll share the food with you, Dave.”
Ann agreed...................................................................................................................
4.”Sue,can you remember to buy some bread?”
Paul reminded.....................................................................................................................
5.”Don’t touch anything in this room”, the man said to the children.
The man ordered..................................................................................................................
6.”I must go home to make the dinner”, said Mary.
Mary....................................................................................................................................
7.”Are you going to Ho Chi Minh City next week? “Tom asked me.
Tom asked..............................................................................................................................
8.”Have you finished your homework? “Mom asked.
Mom asked if........................................................................................................................
9.She said to me: “I can’t do it by myself”
She told me that....................................................................................................................
10.”Does your brother live in London, Nam?”Lan asked.
Lan wanted to know if........................................................................................................
Exercise 2: Choose the best answer
1. He said he……………..at the “Ritz” Hotel.
A.is staying B. has stayed C. was staying D. will stay
2. He asked me where I…………….
A. have studied B. study C. am studying D. studied
3. I thought that I ………….my work at that time.
A. shall finish B. will finish C. should finish D. will have finish
4. He wondered if she lived…………….with her parents.
A. here B. there C. in there D. in here
5. They wondered………………she would come if it rained.
A. what B. who C. whether D. then
6. He says he…………..at school two years ago.
A. had worked B. works C had been working D. worked
7. Victor said he………….very busy.
A. is B. will be C. was D. may be

10
8. I asked Hoa if she……………… Chinese.
A. could speak B. speaks C. can speak D. has spoken
9. Tina asked me how long I……………..a teacher.
A. have been B. had been C. am D. will be
10. She asked me…………….I liked pop music.
A. if B. whether C. that D. A&B
11. The students asked if I was going to teach them physics………………
A. the next day B. next day C. day next D. the day next
12. I want to know he…………for her birthday.
A. has bought B. buys C. had bought D. would buy
13. She said she………….come to the party on Friday.
A. won’t B. can’t C. doesn’t D. couldn’t
14. Chris asked me where my car…………….
A. is B. will be C. was D. has been
15. Mr Jim said that he……………….happy with his new assistant.
A. weren’t B. isn’t C. wasn’t D. aren’t
16. He said that John……………….up his job.
A. has given B. have given C. had give D. had given
17. She said that she ……………to learn to drive.
A. is going B. was going C. go D. goes
18. I knew that he……………….a very clever man.
A. was B. will be C. has been D. is
19. They said they…………….us if we needed.
A. help B. helped C. had gone D. would help
20. She said she…………..the next week, but I never saw her again.
A. will be back B. had been back C. would be back D. is back
21. She said that she……………..there the year before.
A. had gone B. went C. would go D. goes
22. I wonder………………the tickets are on sale yet.
A. what B. whether C. where D. when
23. She says she……………….the book.
A. already finds B. has already found C. had already found D. would already find
24. I was sure he…………….the letter.
A. posted B. had posted C. will post D. is posting
25. He said he…………….to the station to see me off.
A. came B. will come C. would come D. is coming
26. The policeman asked George where he……………so early.
A. is running B. ran C. was running D. runs
27. He says that he……………..the laws of the country.
A. knew B. is knowing C. knows D. had known
28. They realised that they…………..their way in the dark.
A. had lost B. lose C. lost D. was lost
29. My friend asked me who……………….the piano in the sitting room.
A. plays B. was playing C. is playing D. has played
30. “Go home,” said the teacher to us.
A. The teacher told us to go home B. The teacher said us to go home
C. The teacher told us go home D. The teacher told to us to go home
31. “Don’t forget to clean your teeth,” said Granny to Helen.
A. Granny told Helen not forget to clean her teeth. B. Granny told Helen not to forget to clean her teeth.
C. Granny told Helen to not forget to clean her teeth. D. Granny said Helen not to forget to clean her teerh.
32. “Please bring me some fish soup,” he said to the waitress.

11
A. He asked the waitress bring him some fish soup. B. He asked the waitress to bring her some fish soup.
C. He asked the waitress to bring him some fish soup. D. He asked the waitress bring her some fish soup.
33. “This man spoke to me on the road,” said the woman.
A. The woman said that man had spoken to me on the road. B. The woman said that man has spoken to her on the road.
C. The woman said that man spoke to her on the road. D. The woman said that man had spoken to her on the road.
34. I said to Nick: “Where are you going?”
A. I asked Nick where was he going. B. I asked Nick where he was going.
C. I asked Nick where is he going. D. I asked Nick where he is going.
35. “If I were you, I’d try to get a room on the top of floor,” he said.
A. He advised me to try to get a room on the top floor.B. He advised me to try getting a room on the top floor.
C. He offered me to try to get a room on the top floor.D. He suggested me to try to get a room on the top floor.
Week: 3 - Period: 3 Class: 12A8
Date of teaching:
PART 3: PASSIVE VOICE
I. CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG

Ex: Active: Susan wrote a letter.

Passive: A letter was written by Susan.
Active: He has bought some books.
Passive: Some books have been bought (by him).

II. CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI HÌNH THỨC ĐỘNG TỪ CỦA MỘT SỐ THÌ

TENSES ACTIVE FORM PASSIVE FORM

Simple present
V1 / Vs-(es) Am / is / are + P.P
Present continuous
Am / is / are + V-ing Am / is / are + being + P.P
Present perfect
Has / have + P.P Has / have + been + P.P
Simple past
V2 / V-ed Was / were + P.P
Past continuous
Was / were + V-ing Was / were + being + P.P
Past perfect
Had + P.P Had + been + P.P
Simple future
Will / shall + V1 Will / shall + be + P.P
Future perfect
Will/ shall + have + P.P Will / shall + have + been + P.P

Ex: People speak English all over the world.

→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
They built the museum in 1990.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
Ann is washing the clothes.

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→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
We have watched this film several times.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
She will give us another chance.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
They had made an announcement before I came.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
Note:
- Nếu tân ngữ trong câu bị động chỉ sự vật, sự việc thì ta dùng giới từ with thay by
Ex: Smoke filled the room.
→ The room was filled with smoke.
- Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước by + O; trạng từ chỉ thời gian đứng sau by + O

III. CÁC DẠNG KHÁC TRONG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG

1. Dạng động từ chỉ ý kiến: say - said, think - thought, report - reported, believe – believed, …
Active: S1 + Va (say / said) + that + S2 + Vb
Passive:
Cách 1: Chủ ngữ giả It
It + be + Va + that + S2 + Vb

Cách 2: Chủ ngữ S2 to -V

S2 + be + Va +
to have V3
 To V:
- Vb: thì tương lai (will + Vbare)
- Va và Vb cùng thì
 To have V3:
- Vb: thì HTHT, QKHT
- Va và Vb khác thì
Ex: People said that he has left.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
Ex: They think he is a good doctor.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
Ex: They said that John was living in London.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
Ex: They expect that the price of oil will go down next month.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Dạng động từ khiếm khuyết

(Modal verd: can - could/ will – would/ may - might / should / ought to/ need…)
Active: Modal verbs + Vbare
Passive: Modal verbs + be + Ved/3
Ex: We should encourage her to take that job.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
They ought to send us the application form.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Note:
- Need có hai cách đổi passive voice:
1. Need + to be + Ved/3
2. Need + V-ing
Ex: You need to clean your room.
→ Your room needs to be cleaned.
→ Your room needs cleaning.

3. Dạng câu có 2 túc từ

Active: S + V + O1 (người) + O2 (vật)
Passive:
Cách 1: O1 (người) + be + Ved/3 + O2 (vật) + by S
Ex: My brother has bought me some English books.
S V O1 O2
→ I have been bought some English books by my brother.
O1 be + V3/ed O2 by S

Cách 2: O2 (vật) + be + Ved/3 + to / for + O1 (người)+ by S

Ex: 1. My brother has bought me some English books.
→ Some English books have been bought for me by my brother.
O2 be + V3/ed O1 by S
2. My friend told me an interesting story
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. They didn’t offer Ann the job.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. They gave me two hours to make my decision.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
Note:
- Các động từ thường đi với giới từ to là: give, send, show, lend, promise, hand, pay, read, throw, wish, offer, tell
…
- Các động từ thường đi với giới từ for là: buy, get, make, do, leave, save …

4. Dạng nhấn mạnh (Cleft sentences):

It is / was + cụm từ được gạch chân + who / that + be + Ved/3
Who: chỉ người
That: chỉ vật, nơi chốn, thời gian

Ex: 1. They gave Mary a lot of presents.

→ It was Mary who was given a lot of presents.
→ It was a lot of presents that were given to Mary.
2. I send Susan some flowers.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
* Note:
- Get + P.P có thể dùng thay cho be + P.P trong một số trường hợp
Ex: She got impressed by his sincerity.
→ She was impressed by his sincerity.

5. Thể sai khiến, nhờ vả:

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Active: S + have + O1 (người) + V1 + O2 (vật)
S + get + O1 (người) + to-inf + O2 (vật)
Passive: S + have / get + O2 (vật)+ Ved/3 + by + O1 (người)
Ex: 1. I had him repair my bicycle yesterday.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. I get her to make some coffee.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Động từ let:
Active: S + let + s.o + V1
Passive: S + be + allowed + to-inf ..
Ex: He let me go.
→ I was allowed to go.

7. Động từ make:
Active: S + make + s.o + V1 …
Passive: S + be + made + to-inf …
Ex: My mother made me clean the room.
→ I was made to clean the room.

8. Động từ chỉ giác quan: see, watch, hear, look, taste…

Active: S + V + O + V1 / V-ing ..
Passive: S + be + Ved/3 + to-inf / V-ing …
Ex: 1. They saw her come in.
→ She was seen to come in.
2. They saw the lorry running down the hill.
→ The lorry was seen running down the hill
EXERCISES: Choose the best option A, B, C or D to complete the sentence.
1. I shouldn’t ………. so much coffee last night. I was wide awake till four in the morning.
A. drink B. drank C. be drunk D. have drunk
2. The profits are supposed …………………. among the shareholders.
A. to divide B. to be divided C. dividing D. being divided
3. When you are on duty, your uniform must …………………. at all times.
A. wear B. be wear C. be worn D. be wearing
4. You promised her a letter; you ought to …………………. days ago.
A. write B. be writing C. have written D. be written
5. After the test papers ………. to the students in class tomorrow, the students ………. their next assignment.
A. will return – will be given B. will be returned – are given
C. are returning – are giving D. are returned – will be given
6. The class for next semester is too large. It ought to …………………. in half.
A. be divided B. divide C. have divided D. have been divided
7. The entire valley can …………………. from their mountain home.
A. see B. be seen C. being seen D. sees
8. He is wearing a gold ring on his fourth finger. He must………………….
A. have been married B. be married C. marry D. have married
9. A child should …………………. everything he or she wants.
A. gives B. give C. have been given D. be given
10. Your daughter has a good voice. Her interest in singing …………………. encouraged.
A. should be B should C. be D. have
11. I found this book on my desk when I came to class. It must ……. by one of the students in earlier class.

15
A. be left B. have been left C. leave D. have left
12. You had better ………………….your chores before Mom gets home.
A. be finished B. have finished C. have been finished D. finish
13. These books will have to …………………. to the library tomorrow.
A. return B. have returned C. being returned D. be returned
14. Ann’s birthday was on the 5th, and now it’s already the 8th. Her birthday card …. a week ago.
A. will be sent B. can be sent C. should have been sent D. should have sent
15. You …………………. me to Dr. Gray. We’ve already met.
A. don’t have to introduce B mustn’t be introduced
C. shouldn’t introduce D. mustn’t introduce
16. Bill ………………….Ann to the party tomorrow.
A. will be invited B. will invite C. will have invited D. will have been invited.
17. A new hospital ………………….in this area.
A. are going to be built B. builds C. is going to be built D. is going to build
18. Mike …………………. What’s going on in his English class.
A. can’t understand B. can’t be understood
C. could have understood D. could have been understood
19. Our test papers ………………….by our teachers now.
A. are marking B. are being marked C. will mark D. will be marked
20. ………………….the birds in your garden at three o’clock yesterday afternoon?
A. Did you feed B. Were you fed C. Were you being fed D. Were you feeding
21. Many U.S. automobiles --------------- in Detroit, Michigan.
A. manufacture B. have manufactured C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing
22. I still can’t believe it! My bicycle ----------- last night.
A. was stolen B. was stealing C. stolen D. stole
23. Let’s go ahead and do it now. Nothing ------------ by waiting.
A. will be accomplished B. accomplished C. has accomplished D. accomplishes
24.” When ----------? “ - In 1928
A. penicillin was discovered B. did penicillin discovered
C. was penicillin discovered D. did penicillin discover
25. The rescuers ---------- for their bravery and fortitude in locating the lost mountain climbers.
A. were praised B. praised C. were praising D. praising
26. Vitamin C ---------- by the human body. It gets into the bloods stream quickly.
A. absorbs easily B. is easily absorbing C. is easily absorbed D. absorbed easily
27. Renoir is one of the most popular French impressionist painters.
His paintings ---------- masterpieces all over the world.
A. had considered B. are considering C. are considered D. consider
28. We can’t go along here because the road is ---------------.
A. been repaired B. being repaired C. repaired D. repairing
29. More than 50 films --------------- in HCMC since June.
A. were shown B. had been shown C. have been shown D. have shown
30. George is --------------- Lisa.
A. marry with B. marry to C. married with D. married to
31. Somebody cleans the room every day.
A. The room every day is cleaned C.The room is every day cleaned
B. The room is cleaned every day D.The room is cleaned by somebody every day
32. They cancelled all flights because of fog.
A. All flights because of fog were cancelled. C.All flights were cancelled because of fog.
B. All flights were because of fog cancelled D.All flights were cancelled by them because of fog
33. People don't use this road very often.
A. This road is not used very often B. Not very often this road is not used

16
C. This road very often is not used D. This road not very often is used
34. Somebody accused me of stealing money.
A. I was accused by somebody of stealing money. B. I was accused of stealing money
C. I was accused of stealing money by somebody D. I was accused stealing money.
35. How do people learn languages?
A. How are languages learned? B. How are languages learned by people?
C. How languages are learned? D. Languages are learned how?
36. People warned us not to go out alone.
A. We were warned not going out alone B. We were warned not to go out alone by people.
C. We weren't warned to go out alone. D. We were warned not to go out alone.
37. Somebody is using the computer at the moment.
A. The computer is being used at the moment. B. The computer at the moment is being used.
C. The computer is being used by somebody at the moment. D. The computer is used at the moment.
38. I didn't realize that somebody was recording our conversation.
A. I didn’t realize that our conversation was recorded.
B. I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded.
C. I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded by someone.
D. Our conversation wasn't realized to be recorded.
39. We found that they had cancelled the game.
A. We found that the fame had been cancelled. B. The game had been cancelled.
C. We found that the game had been cancelled by them. D. The game were found to be cancelled.
40. They are building a new highway around the city.
A. A new highway is being built around the city. B. A new highway is being built around the city by them
C. A new highway around the city is being built. D. Around the city a new highway is being built.
41. Which book do the students love?
A. Which book are done love by the students? B. Which book is the students loved?
C. Which book are loved by the students? D. Which book is loved by the students?
42. Who wrote the report on the air pollution?
A. By whom was the report on the air pollution written?
B. Whom was the report written on the air pollution by?
C. By whom was the report written on the air pollution?
D. All are correct.
43. Who killed President John Kennedy?
A. By whom President John Kennedy was killed? B. By whom was President John Kennedy killed?
C. By whom was killed President John Kennedy? D. By whom killed President John Kennedy?
44. It is believed that the man escaped in a stolen car.
A. The man is believed to escaped in a stolen car. B. The man is believed to have escaped in a stolen car.
C. The man is believed to escaped in a stolen car. D. They believed that the man stole the car.
45. It was thought that the building had been destroyed.
A. The building was thought had been destroyed. B. The building was thought to have been destroyed.
C. The building thought to be destroyed. D. They have destroyed the building.

Week: 4 - Period: 4 Class: 12A8

Date of teaching:
PART 4: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
I/ Conditional sentence type 1: Possible present or future actions

If – clause Main - clause

Simple present Present conditional

17
 If + S + V ( s/es)… , S + will + V1 ….( can, shall, may…)

Ex: 1. If he ( try)…………..much more, he ( improve)…………….his English.

2. We (catch)……………. the bus if we ( hurry)…………..
3. If you (go)…………….on like this, you (make)…………yourself dirty.
4. If we (expect)…………visitors, the flat (need)…………..a good clean.
5. I (put)……………it way if you (finish)…………….with the computer.
II/ Conditional sentence type 2: Unreal present actions

If – clause Main - clause

Simple past of the verb Past conditional
If + S + V 2/ed …( Were: Subjunctive) , S + would + V1 ….( could, should,
might…)
Ex: 1. If I (be)………….a bird, I (be)……………a white dove.
2. If I (become)……………..a flower, I (become)……………a sunflower.
3. Rachel ( be, always)………….late if he ( get)……………up earlier.
4. I (buy)…………..this resort if I (had)…………enough money now.
III/ Conditional sentence type 3: Unreal past actions

If – clause Main - clause

Past perfect Perfect conditional
If + S + HAD + PP (V3/ed)………. , S + would + have + PP ….( could,
should, might…)
Ex: 1. If Matthew (phone)……………..her, Emma (not be)……………..so annoyed.
2. We (miss)…………….it if we (stop)……………to buy a newspaper.
3. If he (study)…………..harder for the test, he (pass)…………………it.
IV: Some special cases
1/ If……..not……. = Unless………..:Nếu không, trừ phi
Ex: You will be late if you don’t hurry.  You will be late unless you hurry.
2/ As long as, Provided/ Providing ( that): Với điều kiện là, miễn là
Ex: 1. You can borrow my book as long as you (use)…………… it carefully.
2. Traveling by car is convenient provided/ providing (that) you
( have) ………………somewhere to park.
3/ Suppose, Supposing: Gia sử
Ex: Supposing you (win)…………. a lot of money, what (you, do)……………….?
4/ In case: Trong trường hợp…….., đề phòng khi………..
Ex: 1. Take an umbrella with you in case it (rain)…………….
2. You should bring more money in case you (want)……… to buy something.
3. We bought some more food in case our friends (come)………..
Note: In case of + noun/ Just in case (= chỉ phòng hờ)
- In case of fire, you can phone this number for fires trucks.
- I don’t think it will rain, but I’ll take a raincoat just in case.
5/ As if/ As though: Như thể là. ( See below)

EXERCISE ON CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Exercise 1: Choose the best answer applying to conditional sentences
1. If I………….the same problem you had as a child, I might not have succeeded in life as well as you have.
A. have B. would have C. had had D. should have

18
2. What would you do if you…………….a dinosaur?
A. see B. saw C. had seen D. seeing
3. I will feel sleepy if I……………a big meal.
A. have B. had C. had had D. would have
4. If you had driven carefully, you…………….the accident.
A. won/t have B. wouldn’t have C. ‘d not have had D. didn’t have
5. If I were you, I…………a raincoat.
A. would wear B. will wear C. ‘d have wore D. wore
6. If she…………..to keep fit, she will do exercise regularly.
A. wants B. want C. wanted D. would want
7. If I……………rich, I would buy a laptop.
A. were B. am C. had been D. will be
8. If I……………him when he was here, he would have taught me how to use word processor.
A. asked B. ask C. will ask D. had asked
9. If I had known how to write a business, I…………….the interview for my first job.
A. could have passed B. could pass C. will pass D. passed
10. If they……the travel company the day before yesterday, they’d have had a refund.
A. informed B. had informed C. inform D. would inform
11. She couldn’t be so tired if she……………up too late.
A. doesn’t stay B. won’t stay C. wouldn’t stay D. didn’t stay
12. He………….. behave like that if he knew the truth.
A. won’t B. didn’t C. doesn’t D. wouldn’t
13. If I………………an engineer, I would mend that car.
A. am B. had been C. were D. was
14. You…………..comfortable if you have a big meal.
A. would feel B. shall not feel C. won’t feel D. didn’t
15. Take some aspirin if you…………….a headache.
A. get B. got C. gets D. will get
16. If you don’t study hard, you………………your parents.
A. ‘d have displeased B. will displease C. would displease D. displease
17. ………….some warm clothes today if I were you.
A. would wear B. will wear C. would have wore D. wore
18. John went to hospital alone. If he………….me, I would have gone with him.
A. had told B. has told C. told D. would tell
19. I would really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.
If he…………what he wants, I can get it for him.
A. tell me B. would tell C. will tell D. tells
20. My car broke down when I was leaving Detroit and I had to take the bus. If we…………, we would have picked
you up.
A. had known B. have known C. knew D. know
21. It’s beginning to rain. …………….., we won’t be able to finish the ball game.
A. If it stops B. Should it stop
C. Unless it stops D. If it didn’t stop
22. I don’t know whether to take that mathematics course or not. If I……..you, I would take it.
A. am B. were C. was D. had been
23. Sally finally got here from Chicago. If she had come earlier, we…………..her to the play.
A. would take B. would have taken C. have had taken D. took
24. Remember the day I drove you to the airport? If you…………me, I would have been late.
A. hadn’t take B. hadn’t taken C. taking D. took
25. My boss made me overtime again. If I were you, I………….my job.
A. would quit B. will quit C. quit D. had quit

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26. Why did you only send twenty dollars in the mail? If I had had more money, I…………you more.
A. will have given B. would have given
C. would give D. have given
27. It’s really raining. If the weather…………..worse, We won’t have to camp somewhere else.
A. would get B. gets C. get D. got
28. If you had done as I told you, you………………
A. would succeed B. would have succeeded
C. had succeeded D. would have succeed
29. If you inherited a million pounds, What………..with the money?
A. are you going to do B. will you do
C. would you do D. do you do
30. If I had taken that English course, I……………..much progress.
A. had made B. would have made C. made D. would make
Exercise 2: Use the given information to make conditional sentences.
1. I was sick yesterday, so I didn’t go to class.
 If ...............................................................................................................................
2. Because Ann never eats breakfast, he always overeats at lunch.
 If ...............................................................................................................................
3. Peter didn’t finish unloading the truck because John didn’t help him.
 If ...............................................................................................................................
4. Jack was late to his own wedding because his watch was ten minutes slow.
 If ...............................................................................................................................
5. I don’t ride the bus to work every morning because it’s always so crowed.
 If ...............................................................................................................................
6. I didn’t bring extra money with me because you didn’t tell me we were going to dinner after the movie.
 If ...............................................................................................................................
7. Sam didn’t know the Highway 57 was closed, so he didn’t take an alternative route.
 If ...............................................................................................................................
8. Because I lost my key, I had to pound on the door to wake my roommate when I got home last night.
 If ...............................................................................................................................
Week: 5 - Period: 5 Class: 12A8
Date of teaching:
PART 5: THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
Subjunctive Mood (thức giả định hay còn gọi là bàng thái cách) là cách động từ để diễn tả những gì trái với thực
tế hoặc chưa thực hiện, những gì còn nằm trong tiềm thức người ta. Ngày nay Subjunctive Mood không thông dụng vì
người ta quen diễn tả ý nghĩa subjunctive bằng những lối khác, như dùng cấu trúc:
shall, should, would, may, might + infinitive. Chẳng hạn,
Thay vì nói: It is our wish that he do what he pleases. (he do: subjunctive)
Người ta nói: It is our wish that he may do what he pleases. (he may do: subjunctive equivalent)
(Điều mong ước của chúng tôi là nó được làm những gì nó thích.)
Subjunctive Mood có 3 hình thức: Present Subjunctive, Past Subjunctive và Past Perfect Subjunctive.
1. THE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE (Hiện tại giả định)
Subject + Verb (bare infinitive) (Động từ để nguyên mặc dù chủ ngữ là ngôi thứ 3 số ít)
a) Dùng để diễn tả một lời chúc (wish) hay một lời cầu nguyện (prayer) như:
 Long live Vietnam. (Việt Nam muôn năm!)
 God save the Queen. (Cầu mong thượng đế ban phước cho Nữ Hoàng.)
 God bless you. (Cầu mong thượng đế ban phước lành cho bạn.)
b) Dùng trong các mệnh đề danh từ bắt đầu bằng that làm tân ngữ của các động từ như: suggest (đề nghị),
recommend (đề nghị), propose (đề nghị), insist (khăng khăng đòi, khẳng định), command (ra lệnh), demand (đòi hỏi,
yêu sách), require (đòi hỏi, yêu cầu), request (yêu cầu),...

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 subject + verb + that + subject + verb (bare infinitive)
(any tense) (present subjunctive)

Verbs: suggest, recommend, propose, insist, command, demand, require, request,...

 The doctor suggested that Tom stop smoking. (Bác sĩ đề nghị Tom bỏ hút thuốc lá.)
 I demand that I be allowed to be free now. (Tôi yêu cầu là tôi phải được trả tự do bây giờ.)
 We recommend that he go with us. (Chúng tôi đề nghị là anh ta phải đi với chúng tôi.)
Chúng ta cũng có thể dùng subjunctive equivalent trong cấu trúc trên bằng "should + infinitive".
 The doctor suggested that Tom should stop smoking.
 I demand that I should be allowed to be free now.
 We recommend that he should go with us.
c) Dùng trong các mệnh đề danh từ bắt đầu bằng that làm bổ ngữ đứng sau các danh từ như: suggestion
(sự đề nghị), proposal (sự đề nghị), command (mệnh lệnh), demand (sự đòi hỏi), request (sự yêu cầu),...
proposal
suggestion + is + that + subject + verb (bare infinitive)
request
 The doctor’s suggestion is that she take a holiday. (she take = she should take)
= The doctor suggested that she (should) take a holiday. (Bác sĩ đề nghị cô ta nên đi nghỉ.)
 Our proposal is that he be elected group-leader. (he be = he should be)
= We suggest that he (should) be elected .... (Chúng tôi đề nghị ông ấy phải được bầu làm tổ trưởng.)
d) Dùng trong các mệnh đề danh từ bắt đầu bằng that đứng sau các tính từ như: imperative, important,
necessary, urgent, proposed, advised, required ... trong cấu trúc
It + be + adjective + that + subject + verb (bare infinitive)
(any tense) (necessary/important...) (present subjunctive)

 It is necessary that he find the book. (Điều cần thiết là anh ta phải tìm ra cuốn sách đó.)
(he find = he should find)
 It was urgent that she leave at once. (Điều cấp bách là cô ta phải ra đi ngay lập tức.)
(she leave = she should leave)
 It has been suggested that income tax be abolished . (Có đề nghị là bỏ thuế thu nhập.)
(income tax be abolished = income tax should be abolished)
 Cần phân biệt cấu trúc: It is necessary/important/urgent ... that + S + (should) + bare infinitive
với cấu trúc: It is necessary/important/urgent/difficult/ ... (for + O) + to-infinitive
 It is necessary that he (should) find the book. // It is necessary for him to find the book.
2. THE PAST SUBJUNCTIVE (Quá khứ giả định)
Past Subjunctive được thành lập giống hệt thì Past Simple (thêm -ED vào sau động từ hợp qui tắc, chọn cột thứ
hai(V2) đối với động từ bất qui tắc): Subject + V-ed/V2
Riêng động từ TO BE thì dùng WERE cho tất cả các ngôi (I were/ you were/ he were/ it were/ they were...). Tuy
nhiên ngày nay người ta có khuynh hướng dùng was đi với chủ ngữ số ít và were với số nhiều.
Past Subjunctive diễn tả một một hành động hay sự kiện không có thật (trái với sự thật) ở hiện tại và được dùng
trong các cấu trúc sau:
Lưu ý: Về hình thức Past Subjunctive giống với Past Simple nhưng về ý nghĩa thì hoàn toàn khác (xem cách dùng số
3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9 thì Past Simple, trang 1)
(a) Dùng trong mệnh đề IF câu điều kiện loại 2 (điều kiện trái với sự thật ở hiện tại):
If + S + V(past subjunctive), S + would/could + V(infinitive)
Eg:  I work at night, so I can’t attend the evening classes.
 If I didn’t work at night, I could attend the evening classes.
(b) Dùng trong mệnh đề danh từ làm tân ngữ của động từ WISH khi diễn đạt ước muốn trái với sự thật ở hiện tại
(expressing present wishes): S + wish + (that) + S + V(past subjunctive)
= If only + S + V(past subjunctive)
Eg:  I’m sorry I don’t live near my work.  I wish I lived near my work.
 I have to work in shifts.  I wish I didn’t have to work in shifts.

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  I am not as clever as he is.  I wish I were as clever as he is.
(c) Trong cấu trúc với WOULD RATHER
SUBJECT + WOULD RATHER + SUBJECT + VERB (past subjunctive): Muốn ai đó làm/đừng làm gì
(‘d rather)
Eg:  I’d rather you went by train. (Tôi muốn bạn đi bằng tàu lửa hơn.)
 I’d rather she didn’t go with you. (Tôi muốn cô ấy đừng đi với bạn.)
(d) Trong cấu trúc: IT’S (high) TIME + SUBJECT + VERB (past subjunctive)
Eg:  It’s time we went home. (Đã đến lúc chúng ta phải về nhà.) // It’s time for us to go home.
(e) Trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thể cách (adverbial clause of manner) bắt đầu bằng AS IF/AS THOUGH (như thể
là) để diễn tả một một hành động không có thật ở hiện tại.
SUBJECT + VERB(Present Simple) + AS IF/AS THOUGH + S + V (past subjunctive)
Eg:  She walks as if she had a wooden leg. (Cô ấy đi như thể là cô ta có một chân gỗ.)
 He treats us as if we were all idiots. (Ông ta đối xử với chúng tôi như thể chúng tôi là những ...)

3. THE PAST PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE: Subject + had + past participle (V-ed/V3)

Về hình thức Past perfect subjunctive được thành lập giống hệt thì Past Perfect nhưng ý nghĩa diễn đạt thì hoàn toàn
khác nhau. Past perfect subjunctive được dùng trong các cấu trúc sau.
(a) Dùng trong mệnh đề IF câu điều kiện loại 3 (điều kiện trái với sự thật ở quá khứ):
If + S + V(past perfect subjunctive), S + would/could have + V(past participle)
Eg:  I didn’t know her address, so I didn’t send her a postcard.
(Tôi không biết địa chỉ cô ta nên tôi đã không gửi bưu thiếp cho cô ta)
 If I had known her address, I would have sent her a postcard. (Nếu tôi biết đ/chỉ cô ta, tôi sẽ gửi ...)
 We didn’t go swimming because it rained. (Chúng tôi không đi bơi vì trời mưa.)
 If it hadn’t rained, we would have gone swimming. (Nếu trời không mưa, chúng tôi sẽ đi bơi.)
(b) Dùng trong mệnh đề danh từ làm tân ngữ của động từ WISH khi diễn đạt ước muốn trái với sự thật ở
quá khứ (expressing past wishes): S + wish + (that) + S + V(past perfect subjunctive)
= If only + S + V(past perfect subjunctive)
Eg: - I’m sorry you gave him my phone number.  I wish you hadn’t given him my phone number.
- I’m sorry that I didn’t finish my work last night.  I wish I had finished my work last night.
(c) Trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thể cách (adverbial clause of manner) bắt đầu bằng AS IF/AS THOUGH (như thể
là) để diễn tả một hành động không có thật ở quá khứ.
SUBJECT + VERB (Past Simple) + AS IF/AS THOUGH + S + V (past perfect subjunctive)
Eg: - He ate his dinner as if he hadn’t eaten for a week.
 Lưu ý: Sau AS IF/ AS THOUGH không nhất thiết phải luôn luôn dùng Subjunctive Mood.

EXERCISES
EXERCISE 1: Circle the correct answer A, B, C or D.
1. The boys proposed that their group leader .................. a camping trip.
A. organized B. organize C. organizes D. organizing
2. The teacher demanded that Tom ................... the room.
A. leave B. leaves C. has to leave D. leaving
3. It was urgent that she .............. the robbery to the police immediately.
A. reported B. reports C. report D. must report
4. “What instructions did your boss give you?” - “He requires that Alice ............... the meeting.”
A. would attend B. attends C. attended D. attend
5. “What is your opinion?” - “It is necessary that an employee ................ his work on time.”
A. finish B. finishes C. can finish D. to finish
6. Dan’s parents insist that he .................... home every week.
A. must call B. call C. called D. has to call

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 7. It is essential that she ................... the truth about her illness.
A. tell B. tells C. is told D. be told
8. The director requests that all packages ..................... at the central office.
A. send B. be send C. be sent D. are sent
EXERCISE 2: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms.
1. I hate driving. I’d much rather you (drive) ....................................
2. It’s high time they (mend) ................................. this road.
3. “I’ll pay you by cheque monthly.” - “I’d rather you (pay) ...................... me cash weekly.”
4. I wish I (not try) ................................... to repair it. I only made it worse.
5. I wish I (know) .............................. what is wrong with my car.
6. Tom acts as if he (be) ....................... the boss.
7. He talks as if he (do) ............................ all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I did most of it.
8. Barbara looked at me as though she (never meet) ....................................... me before.
____________________________________________________________________

Exercise 3: Choose the best answer:

1. It's about time you.................harder for the next exam.
A.work B.are working C.worked D.have worked
2. The ceiling in this room doesn't look very safe. It looks as if it ............. down.
A.would fall B.falls C.is falling D.is going to fall
3. I wish they........................change their minds so often!
A.shouldn't B.wouldn't C.mightn't D.couldn't
4. I wish I......................the direction closely.
A.be followed B.will follow C.would follow D.had followed
5. I wished I.................on another diet.
A.could live B.can live C.will live D.am living
6. Team rules require that each player …………….. responsible for memorizing one rule--and then for teaching that
rule to all of the players.
A.is B.was C.be D. were
7. To avoid unnecessary injury, the coach insisted that the players' tackling drills …………… on the proper way to
fall down.
A.focused B.focus C.were focused D. to focuse
Exercise 4: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form
1. I’d rather you ______(not/drive) so fast, Pat
2. Sue went to France this year, but she says she would rather ______ (go) to Spain.
3. It’s a shame you missed the party; I would rather you ______ (be) there.
4. John had better ______(not/speak) to me like that again.
5. He says he’d rather ______ (cook) his own food than eat in restaurants.
6. I’d rather you ______ (not/mention) this to anyone until next week.
7. Tim’s mother would rather he ______ (work) closer to home than he does.
8. Greg says he would rather ______( not/leave) things as they are.
9. She would prefer to meet you personally rather than ______ (talk) to you over the phone.
10. Sean prefers playing football to ______ (watch) it.
11. Would you rather ______ (write) in ink or in pencil?
12. Sheila prefers ______ (get up) early in the morning rather than ______ (oversleep)
13. Would he prefer ______ (drive) to work tomorrow rather than cycle?
14. I would rather ______(speak) directly to the manager than ______(deal) with his rude secretary as I did.
15. My father prefers to have a beard rather than ______(have) a shave every day.
16. Tom prefers ______ (ski) to ______(skate).
17. Wouldn’t you prefer to sit on this seat rather than ______(stand) for the whole journey?
18. We’d better ______ (take) some money for a taxy in case we ______(miss) the bus home.

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19. We would rather ________ (stay) at home tonight.
20. Mr. Jones would rather ________ (stay) at home last night.
21. The policeman would rather ________ (work) on Saturday than on Sunday.
22. Maria would rather that we ________ (study) more than we do.
23. George would rather ________(not study) tonight.
24. The photographer would rather ________ (have) more light.
25. The photographer would rather that we ________ (stand) closer together than we are standing.
26. Carmen would rather ________ (not cook) for the entire family.
27. She would rather that you ________ (not arrive) last night.
28. John would rather ________ (sleep) than worked last night.
Week: 6 - Period: 6 Class: 12A8
Date of teaching:
PART 6: INVERSION

ADV + AUXILIARY VERB + S + V

1. Khi đứng đầu câu là Here, There thì :

 Nếu S là N : Here / There + V + N  Nếu S là Pronoun  không đảo ngữ
Eg : The bus comes here.  Here comes the bus. Eg : Here he comes.

2. Đảo ngữ với “No” và “Not” :

No +N Eg : No money will I give you from now on.
+ Inversion
Not any + N
Eg : Not any money will I give you from now on.

3. Đảo ngữ dùng với các trạng từ chỉ tần suất : Never, Rarely, Seldom, ….
Dùng chủ yếu với thì HTHT : ADV + HAS/HAVE + S + PII
Eg : She has rarely been asked that question.  Rarely has she been asked that question.
They have seldom left their town.  Seldom have they left their town.

4. Phép đảo ngữ đề cập 1 sự kiện liền sau sự kiện khác :

Hardly
Barely + had + S + PII + when + Clause (Simple past)
Scarcely Vừa mới … thì

No sooner + had + S + PII + than + Clause (Simple past)

Eg : As soon as the train had left when there was an explosion.  No sooner had the train left than there was an
explosion.
No sooner had she graduated from the university than she got married.

5. Phép đảo ngữ thực hiện với các trạng từ thời gian có “ONLY” đứng đầu câu :
Only when Only by
Only after Only if
Only before Only with
Only later Only then

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♥ Phép đảo ngữ khi có Only chỉ thực hiện ở vế thứ 2 trong câu :
Eg : You can go in this room when the teacher gives a permission.  Only when the teacher gives a
permission can you go in this room.
Only by learning hard can we pass the exam.
Only when she said goodbye to him did he realize how much she meant to him.
6. Phép đảo ngữ với các trạng từ phủ định :
In / Under no circumstances : Dù trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không.
In no way : Không sao có thể
For no reason at all
On no account : Dù bất cứ lý do gì cũng không
At no time
No where
By no means : Hoàn toàn không
ADV + AUXILIARY VERB (Khẳng định ) + S + V

Eg : You shouldn’t phone the police under any circumstances.  Under no circumstances should you
phone the police.
You must touch this button at any time.  At not time must you touch this button.
You won’t see such a beautiful girl any where.  No where will you see such a beautiful girl.
For no reason at all did the murderer kill Mr. John .
In no way could I agree with you.
By no means does he intend to criticize your idea.

7. Phép đảo ngữ với trạng từ NOT UNTIL : Không … mãi cho đến khi
 Bản thân trạng từ đã mang nghĩa phủ định nên khi thực hiện phép đảo, trợ ĐT ở dạng khẳng định.
 Luôn thực hiện phép đảo ở vế 2 của câu.
Eg : I didn’t realize that I had lost my wallet until I got home.  Not until I got home did I realize that I
had lost my wallet.
I didn’t know him until I met him.  Not until I met him did I know him.

8. Phép đảo ngữ với trạng từ : LITTLE

Phép đảo ngữ này mang nghĩa phủ định, thường thực hiện với các động từ chỉ nhận biết, suy
nghĩ (know, realize, suppose, think, consider…)
Eg : I don’t know about this meeting.  Little do I know about this meeting.
She doesn’t realize how much important this means.  Little does she realize how much important
this means.

9. Phép đảo ngữ với “SO” :

S + BE + SO + ADJ + THAT + CLAUSE  SO + ADJ + BE + S + THAT + CLAUSE

Eg : The boy were so handsome that all the girls fell in love with him.
 So handsome were the boy that all the girls fell in love with him.

10. Phép đảo ngữ với "SUCH" :

S + V + SUCH + A/AN + ADJ + N + THAT + CLAUSE
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  SUCH + A/AN + ADJ + N + V + S + THAT + CLAUSE
Eg : Tom is such a handsome boy that all the girls in our class can’t help glancing at him.
 Such a handsome boy is Tom that all the girls in our class can’t help glancing at him.
Shelly has such beautiful eyes that she got a job as a make-up model.
 Such beautiful eyes has Shelly that she got a job as a make-up model.

11.
No longer + Inversion : Không còn nữa
No more

Eg : I don’t love him any longer.  No longer do I love him.

12. Phép đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện :

Đảo ngữ bao giờ cũng xảy ra ở mệnh đề Điều kiện :
a. TYPE I :
If + do, will do  Should + S + do, S + will + do
Eg : If I meet him this afternoon, I will inform him.  Should I meet him this afternoon, I will inform
him.

b. TYPE II :
If + S + did, S + would do  Were + S + to V, S +would do
Eg : If I were you, I would love him.  Were I (to be) you, I would love him.
If people drove so slowly, there wouldn’t be so many accidents.  Were people to drive so slowly,
there wouldn’t be so many accidents.
c. TYPE III :
If + S + had + done, S + would have done  Had + S + done, S + would have done
Eg : If I had studied hard, I would have passed the exam.  Had I studied hard, I would have passed
the exam.
13. NOT ONLY … BUT ALSO
Eg : Not only is he ugly, but he is also lazy.
Not only does he speak English well but he also sings beautifully.
14. So, nor, neither, Neither…nor
Eg : I’m from Hanoi. So am I
I don’t like her. Nor / Neither do I
Neither the dress nor the jeans does she like.
15. Đảo ngữ với một số trạng từ chỉ phương hướng, nơi chốn thì ta chia luôn động từ, không cần đảo
trợ động từ do / does / did… Clause of place/ order + main verb + S (no auxiliary)
Eg : Under the banana tree sat they learning English.
Up the hill were running a group of kids.
On the grass are lying the boys.
Into the room ran the lady.
First comes love, then comes marriage.
Along the road came a strange procession.
16. ADJ + AS = ALTHOUGH
Eg : Although science has accomplished much in this century, there’s still more to be done.
 Much as science has accomplished in this century, there’s still more to be done.
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 Although advertisements are different, they share the same purpose.
 Different as advertisements are, they share the same purpose.
EXERCISE 1: Rewrite these sentences

1. He rarely comes to see me now. -> Rarely ……………………………

2. I really understood it only after he had explained it the 4th time. -> Only after …………….
3. If Bob had not interfered in his sister’ marital problems, there wouldn’t have been peace between
them. -> Had ………………………………….
4. If she needed help, she would call you immediately. -> Were …………………….
5. The doctor had hardly fallen asleep when the telephone woke him up. -> Hardly …………
6. If I finish the dress before Saturday, I will give it to my sister for her birthday.
-> Should ……………………………………………………………………..
7. He not only spent all his money, but he even borrowed some from me. -> Not only ………..
8. Miles and miles of forest lie before them. -> Before them ………………..
9. The tree were beautiful in their autumn colors. -> Beautiful …………………
10. If they had arrived at the sale early, they would have found a better selection.
-> Had …………………………………………………………………
11. If I were rich, I would very happy. -> Were ……………………………
12. He was so sick that he had to be taken to hospital. -> So …………………..
13. The unknown soldiers lie here. -> Here …………………………..
14. She has never been in such an embarrassing situation before. -> Never before ………….
15. Many beautiful rose bushes grew in the garden of the palace. -> In the garden ………
16. If the workers had worked harder, they would have received the bonus. -> Had ……….…
17. She had never been so happy in all her life. -> Never …………………..
18. If I were in your place, I should refuse his invitation. -> Were ……………..
19. He managed to pass the exam only by hard work. -> Only ………………….
20. He had hardly got into the bath when the telephone rang. -> Hardly …………..
21. If I had met you before, we might have been friends. -> Had ………………………
22. The doctor was so angry that one of the nurses dared to utter. -> So ……………………
23. I can explain the matter in no other way. -> In no other way ………………….
24. If you see Mary today, please ask her to call me. -> Should ………………..
25. I had got outside no sooner than it began to rain. -> No sooner …………….
26. They not only come late but they are also often late. -> Not only ……………
27. He had given me advice many a time. -> Many a time ………………..
28. When he is here, he only speak English. -> Only when ………………..
29. We often wait for walk together. -> Often …………………………..
30. If she were to see you, she would be very surprised. -> Were ……………..
EXERCISE 2: Choose the best option to complete these following sentences or the best inversion
sentence for the root one.
1. No sooner had we arrived at the station ______ the announcement started.
A. than B. when C. then D. last
2. ______ he arrived at the bus stop when the bus came.
A. Hardly had B. No sooner had C. No longer has D. Not until had
3. No sooner ______ than the class starts.
A. do Max arrive B. does Max arrive C. Max arrives D. Max does arrive
4. Scarcely had Jake ______ the book report when Alan came in.
A. finish B. finishing C. finished D. to finished
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5. No sooner ______ the feast will start tomorrow.
A. will the bell ring than B. the bell will ring than
C. the bell will ring when D. will the bell ring when
6. As soon as I entered the room, I noticed her.
A. No sooner had I entered the room than I noticed her.
B. Hardly had I entered the room when I noticed her.
C. No sooner I had entered the room than I noticed her.
D. Both A and B are right
7. As soon as he approached the house, the policeman stopped him.
A. No sooner had he approached the house than the policeman stopped him.
B. Hardly had he approached the house than the policeman stopped him.
C. No sooner had he approached the house when the policeman stopped him.
D. Hardly he had approached the house when the policeman stopped him.
8. I have seldom heard such a talented singer.
A. Seldom have I heard such a talented singer. B. Seldom I have heard such a talented singer.
C. Seldom has I heard such a talented singer. D. All are correct.
9. _______ circumstances should you call the police.
A. In B. Under C. Under no D. In no
10. Only after you abtain a driving licence, _______ a car.
A. you are able to drive B. can you drive
C. you will be able to drive D. did you drive
11. Hardly ever _______ far from home.
A. she traveled B. she has traveled C. did she travel D. she did travel
12. Hardly _______ the phone down when the boss rang back.
A. did I put B. have I put C. had I put D. I had put
13. No sooner _______ the soldiers leaped into the water.
A. had the ship touched the shore than B. had the ship touched the shore when
C. the ship had touched the shore then D. the ship touched the shore than
14. Had they arrived at the fair earlier, they _______ what they wanted.
A. had found B. have found C. found D. would have found
15. Only by working hard _______ your final exam.
A. will you pass B. you will pass C. did you pass D. you passed
16. Only when I have free time _______ television.
A. I watch B. will I watch C. do I watch D. I watched
17. _______ that I knew all about her.
A. She little thought B. She thought little C. Little did she think D. Little she thought
18. Not only is she intelligent _______.
A. but also she is kind B. but is she also kind C. but also is she kind D. but she is also kind
19. _______ that she couldn’t go on working.
A. So was his pain B. Such was his pain C. He has so pain D. His pain was
such
20. Never ______ to school late.
A. I go B. do I go C. I do go D. go I
21. Many books ______ yesterday.
A. did he read B. I read C. I did read D. read I
22. Beautiful ______ in their autumn colors.
A. the trees are B. are the trees C. do the trees are D. the trees do are
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23. ________ there.
A. Never will I go B. I never will go C. never I will go D. All are right
24. ______ a doctor, I could help you.
A. was I B. I was C. Were I D. I were
25. Had I not met her, I ______ unhappy.
A. have been B. was C. had been D. would have been
26. _______ about it.
A. He did little said B. Little did he said C. Little did he say D. He did little say
27. Nowhere _______ delicious dishes like here.
A. can you enjoy B. you can enjoy C. you enjoy D. you do enjoy
28. No longer ______ here.
A. he will live B. will he work C. will he works D. he works
29. In vain ______ for the missing people.
A. did they look B. did they looked C. they looked D. they did look
30. Not until I came home ______ that I had lost everything.
A. I realized B. I did realize C. did I realize D. I did realized
31. Not until _______ that she had been very important for me.
A. did she leave I knew B. she left did I know
C. she left I knew D. did she leave did I know
32. ________ him for the mistake he had made.
A. Never in my life will I forgive B. Never in my life I will forgive
C. I will never forgive in my life D. Never will I forgive in my life
33. I have never seen this film before.
A. Never before have I seen this film B. Never before I have seen this film
C. Before have never I seen this film D. Have I never before seen this film
34. She rarely makes a mistake.
A. Rarely she makes a mistake. B. Rarely she does make a mistake.
C. Rarely does she make a mistake. D. Does she rarely make a mistake.
35. ______ I the judge, I would sentence him to death.
A. Were B. Was C. Be D. Am
36. ______ I rich, I would help you.
A. Was B. Be C. Am D. Were
37. ________ his advice, I would have succeeded in the final exam.
A. Had I taken B. I had taken C. Had I take D. If I take
38. Had you not helped me, I _________ how to solve it.
A. won’t know B. wouldn’t know C. couldn’t know D. wouldn’t have known
39. Had I not stayed up late last night, I ________ tired now.
A. wouldn’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. won’t be D. can’t be
40. Only by working three jobs ________ able to support his large family.
A. he was B. he is C. he's being D. was he
41. It was not until Andrew stopped smoking ______ healthy again.
A. did he feel B. that he started to feel C. then he felt D. that he did feel
42. The boss didn’t know what to do, ________ the rest of us.
A. so did B. either C. neither D. nor did
43. _______ you see Frank at the conference, give him my regards.
A. Should B. Would C. Might D. Could
44. Strange ________ , he chose not to undergo surgery.
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 A. may it seem B. as may it seem C. was it that D. as it may sound
45. Try _________ he could not save the drowning woman.
A. did he hard B. as he might C. as hard as D. though he did
46. So ________ that she licked the plate clean.
A. being hungry B. great her hunger C. hungry was she D. had she hunger
47. Effie disliked the film, ________.
A. so did Frank B. and also disliked it Frank C. neither did Frank D. so Frank did
48. ________ the medicine than she began to feel better.
A. Not until she swallowed B. Hardly did she swallow
C. No sooner had she swallowed D. Having swallowed
49. Only by speaking more _______ improve your fluency in English.
A. you are able to B. is it possible to C. does D. will it
50. Only after he arrived at the airport _______for his passport.
A. he did look B. did he look C. he looked D. he did looked
51. Only by studying hard ______ this exam.
A. can you pass B. you can pass C. you pass D. All are right
52. Only when you grow up, ______ it.
A. you understand B. you do understand C. you can understand D. can you
understand
53. Only if you tell me the truth, ______ you.
A. can I forgive B. I can forgive you C. I forgive you I do forgive
54. He not only studies well, but also he sings well.
A. Not only does he study well, but also he sings well.
B. Not only he studies well, but also does he sing well.
C. Not only he does study well, but also does he sing well.
D. Not only he studies well, but also he sings well.
55. You can refuse to answer my question in no way.
A. In no way you can refuse to answer my question
B. In no way can you refuse to answer my question
C. In no way do you refuse to answer my question
D. In no way you refuse to answer my question
56. I have come there at no time.
A. At no time I have come there B. At any time I have come there
C. At any time have I come there D. At no time have I come there.
57. ______ she can buy everything she likes.
A. So rich is she that B So rich she is that
C. Such rich is she that D. All are right
58. She spoke so fast that nobody understood her.
A. So fast did she speak that nobody understood her.
B. Such fast she spoke that nobody understood her.
C. So fast she spoke that nobody understood her.
D. Such fast did she speak that nobody understood her.
59. It is such a important problem that everybody is concerned of it.
A. Such is the important problem that everybody is concerned of it.
B. So is the important problem that everybody is concerned of it.
C. So is an important problem that everybody is concerned of it.
D. Such is an important problem that everybody is concerned of it.
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60. ______ had he entered the office than he realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. Hardly B. Scarcely C. No sooner D. Not only
61. _________ before has she behaved like that.
A. Only by B. Not until C. Never D. Only when
62. _______ in Rome than he _______.
A. No sooner he had arrived / was being kidnapped B. No sooner had he arrived / was kidnapped
C. Had he no sooner arrived / kidnapped D. No sooner was he arriving / had been kidnapped
63. Had you done as I told you, you ___________.
A. would succeed B. would have succeeded C. will succeed D. could succeed
Week: 7 - Period: 7 Class: 12A8
Date of teaching:
PART 7: RELATIVE CLAUSES
I/ USAGE
Relative Pronouns used in relative clauses

SUBJECT OBJECT POSSESSIVE

For people: WHO WHOM WHOSE
THAT THAT

For things: WHICH WHICH WHOSE/ OF WHICH

THAT THAT
II/ SOME NOTES:
1/ THAT is possible alternative after: all, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody and those.
Ex: Everyone who/ that knew him liked him.
2/ The object form is WHOM, this is considered very formal. In spoken English we normally use WHO.
It is still common to omit the object pronoun.
Ex: - The girls whom he employs are always complaining about their pay.
- The girls who he employs are always complaining about their pay.
- The girls he employs are always complaining about their pay.
3/ In formal English the preposition is placed before the relative pronoun, which must be put into form
WHOM or WHICH
Ex: 1/ The friend with whom I was traveling spoke French.
2/ The ladder on which I was standing began to slip.
4/ WHICH is hardly ever used after: all, everything, little, much, none, no or superlatives. Instead we use
THAT or omit the relative together.
Ex: - All the apples that fall are eaten by the pigs.
- All the apples (that) fall are eaten by the pigs.
5/ Cleft sentences
6/ All, both, most, several, some…+ OF + WHICH/ WHOM
Ex: Her sons, both of whom work aboard, ring her up every week.
Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers.
I tried on three pairs of shoes, none of which fitted me.
He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer.
Two boys, neither of whom I had seen before, came into my class.
They have got two cars, one of which they seldom use.
There were a lot of people at the meeting, few of whom I had met before.
7/ WHEN is replaced for time (then, in that year, at that time, on that day…).
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 Ex: Christmas day is the day when most streets are crowded with people.
8/ WHERE is replaced for places (there, at the place, in the place…).
Ex: We have returned from the village where we were born.
9/ WHY is replaced for reason/ cause.
Ex: We don’t know the answer why John gave up his part-time job.
III. REDUCED CLAUSES
1/ Reduced relative clauses.
a/ Present participle phrases
Ex: The man who is standing there is my brother.
 The man ………………is my brother.
b/ Past participle phrases
Ex: I like books which were written by my father.
 I like books …………….. by my father.
c/ To-infinitive phrases. THE ONLY, THE LAST, THE FIRST, THE SECOND…modify the noun.
(the verb HAVE/ HAD, HERE/ THERE (BE)
Ex:
1/ This is the only students who can do the problem.
 This is the only students…………….the problem.
2/ I have a lot of homework that I must do.
 I have a lot of homework………………
3/ There are six letters which have to be written today.
 There are six letters…………………….today.
2/ Reduced adverb clauses: when, because, while… (See exercise below)

EXERCISES ON RELATIVE CLAUSES

Exercise 1: Combine the following sentences into one.
1/ I read a book. It was written by a friend of mine.
 ...................................................................................................................................
2/ A man got on the bus. He was carrying a lot of money in a box.
 ...................................................................................................................................
3/ In the street there were several people. They were waiting for the shop to open.
 ...................................................................................................................................
4/ Britain imports many cars. They were made in Japan.
 ...................................................................................................................................
5/ There are a lot of people in your office. They want to talk to you. 
6/ The cowboy fell off his horse. He had been wounded by an arrow.
7/ Most of people recovered quickly. They were injured in the cash.
8/ John looked anxiously at his watch. He wished he hadn’t come to the party.
9/ The children were playing football in the schoolyard. They were my students. 
10/ Vietnam exports a lot of rice. It is grown mainly in the south of the country. 
11/ The man’s wife had been admitted to the hospital. I spoke to him. 
12/ I read about was the child. Her wife was saved by her pet dog. 
13/ The students raised their hands. Their names were called. 
14/ Jack knows the man. The man’s name is William Blueheart Duckbill, Jr. 
15/ The woman’s purse was stolen outside the supermarket. The police came to question her. 
16/ We live in a small town. Its inhabitants are almost invariably friendly and helpful. 

32
17/ The day care center was established to take care of children. These children’s parents work during the
day.
18/ We couldn’t find the person. His car was blocking our driveway. 
19/ Tobacco is plants. Its large leaves are used for smoking or chewing.
20/ These students reports were turned in late. The professor told them he would accept the late papers this
time but never again. 
Exercise 2: Choose the correct answer
1. “Who is eligible for the scholarship?”
“Anyone…………..scholastic record is above average can apply for the scholarship.”
A. who has a B. has a C. who’s a D. whose
2. Dr. Sales is person…………………
A. in whom I don’t have much confidence B. in that I don’t have much confidence
C. whom I don’t have much confidence in him D. I don’t have much confidence
3. “Is April twenty-first the day……………...”
“No, the twenty-second”
A. you’ll arrive then B. when you’ll arrive
C. on that you’ll arrive D. when you’ll arrive on
4. The severe drought……………occurred last summer ruined the corn crop.
A. that it B. which it C. it D. that
5. Florida,…………….the sunshine state, attracts many tourists every year.
A. is B. known as C. is known as D. that is known as
6. The new shopping mall is gigantic. It’s advertised as a place………..you can find just about anything
you might want. to buy.
A. where B. which C. in where D. in that
7. Lola’s marriage has been arranged by her family. She is marrying a man…………
A. that she hardly knows him B. whom she hardly knows him
C. the hardly knows D. she hardly knows him
8. People who exercise frequently have greater physical endurance than those………..
A. who doesn’t B. that doesn’t C. which don’t D. who don’t
9. Is this address to……………you want the package sent?
A. where B. that C. which D. whom
10. Ann quit her job at the advertising agency,……………..surprised everyone.
A. which B. that C. who D. that it
11. That book is by famous’ anthropologist. It’s about the people in Samoa………….for two years.
A. that she lived B. that she lived among them
C. among whom she lived D. where she lived among them
12. The missing man’s family is desperately seeking anyone……………information about his activities or
whereabouts.
A. has B. having C. who have D. have
13. The publishers expect that the new biography of Simon Bolivar will be bought by
people…………….in Latin American history.
A. who they are interested B. are interested
C. interested D. they are interested
14. I have always wanted to visit Paris,…………….of France.
A. is the capital B. which the capital in
C. that is the capital D. the capital
15. The chemistry book……………….was a little expensive.
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 A. that I bought it B. I bought that C. what I bought D. I bought
16. “Have you ever met the man………………over there?” “No, who is he?”
A. stands B. standing C. is standing D. who is standing
17. “Do you have the book………………the teacher?” “Yes, I do”
A. that it belongs to B. to which belongs to
C. to which belongs D. that belongs to
18. The voters were overwhelmingly against the candidate…………….proposal called for higher taxes.
A. who his B. whose C. whom he had D. that his
19. “Do you remember Mrs. Goddard, ……………..taught us English composition?” “I certainly do.”
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
20. I have three brothers,……………..are businessmen.
A. that all of them B. who they all C. all of whom D. who all of them
21. “Were you able to locate the person………………wallet you found?” “Luckily, yes”
A. which B. that his C. whose D. that’s
22. Some fish is frozen, but……………..is best.
A. fish is fresh B. fresh fish C. fresh fish is caught D. fish fresh
23. “Why do you get up at 4:00 A.M?” “Because it is the only time………………without being
interrupted.”
A. When I can work on my book B. When I can work on my book at
C. When I can work on my book then D. at when I can work on my book
24. “You seem so happy today.”
“I am. You are looking at the person……………..has just been accepted into medical school.”
A. who B. who she C. whom she D. whom
25. “The movie……………..last night was terrific.” “What’s it about?”
A. I went B. I went to it C. I went to D. that I went
26. Many people lost their homes in the earthquake. The government need to establish more shelters to care
for those……………….have homes.
A. who doesn’t B. who don’t C. which doesn’t D. which don’t
27. The problem………………….never occurred.
A. I had expected it B. who I had expected
C. that I had expected it D.I had expected
28. I had to drive to the factory to pick up my brother,……………..car wouldn’t start.
A. who his B. who C. who’s D. whose
29. I read a book about Picasso, ….
A. is a Spanish painter B. a Spanish painter
C. who a Spanish painter is D. that is a Spanish painter
30. The people………………..the acrobat turn circles in the air were horrified when he missed the
outstretched hands of his partner and fell to his death.
A. watched B. watch C. watching D. were watching
31. “My writing has improved a lot in this class.”
“Mine has, too. All the students……………….do well in writing.”
A. whom Mr. David teaches them B. which Mr. David teaches
C. that Mr. David teaches them D. Mr. David teaches
32. “Have you seen the place……………the graduation ceremony will be held?”
“Yes. It’s big enough to hold 5,000 people.”
A. in that B. where C. in where that D. which
33. “How’s your class this term?”
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 “Great. I have seventeen students, most of…………….speak English very well.”
A. who B. those C. whom D. which
34. “Will everyone like the book?”
“No. Only people……………..interested in anthropology.”
A. are B. who are C. in whom are D. that is
35. “How did you enjoy your dinner with Mr. Jackson?”
“It was boring. He talked only about himself,……………..almost put us to sleep.”
A. which B. that C. who D. that he
36. My grandfather,………………a wise man, has greatly influenced my life.
A. is B. that is C. who is D. who he is
37. “Is DR. Brown the person…………………you wish to speak?” “Yes, please”
A. that B. whom C. to that D. to whom
38. In the movie, a teenager………to pursue a singing career meets resistance from his strong-willed
father.
A. wants B. wanted C. wanting D. who want
39. “Excuse me, but there is something about……………..immediately.” “Certainly”
A. which I must speak to you B. which I must speak to you about it
C. that I must speak to you about D. that I must speak to you
40. Little woman, ……………...in 1898, is my sister’s favorite book.
A. is a novel published B. a novel published
C. a novel was published D. was a novel published
Week:8 - Period: 8 Class: 12A8
Date of teaching:
PART 8: VERB FORMS
I. Bare infinitive: (bare) động từ nguyên mẫu không To
1. Sau modal verbs: Will. Shall/ should / could/ can / may / must/ might/ had better/would rather
and why not..........?
2. Sau auxilary verbs: do, does, did.
3. Sau make, let, help (sau help có thể có To inf).
Passive voice  dùng to inf theo sau. Trừ let (But in passive : feel,...... +O + to infinitive)
4. Sau động từ chỉ giác quan:(verbs of perception): see, hear, smell, feel, taste, watch, notice …
Vo (bare)  hành động đã xong
S + V + object
Vo (ing)  hành động đang diễn ra
5. Sau had better (tốt hơn) would rather (thà thì hơn), had sooner.
6. Sau thành ngữ: to do nothing but + Vo (bare): không làm gì cả mà chỉ.
Can not but + Vo(bare): không còn cách nào khác.
7. Causative form (Thể sai khiến):
S + have + object (chỉ người) + Vo (bare).
8. Simple present tense: I, you, we, they +Vo (bare).
9. Bắt đầu câu mệnh lệnh: (imprative)
10. Do anything/ nothing/ everything But/ Except + bare infinitive
II. To infinitive (V1) động từ nguyên mẫu có To)
Present infinitive to do
Present continuous infinitive to be doing
Perfect infinitive to have done
Perfect continuous infinitive to have been doing
35
 Present infinitive passive to be done
Perfect infinitive passive to have been done
1. Làm subject  V(sing) (review formal subject)
2. Làm object of verb: S + V + to inf (as an object)
3. Làm bổ ngữ cho tân ngữ (object complement) ;
S + V + obj + to infinitive
4. Làm adjective  rút gọn adjective clause (relative clause) đứng sau danh từ  review how to reduce
relative clause.
5. Làm adverb  rút gọn: adverbbial clause of result: đứng sau adj
Rút gọn: adverbial clause of purpose: chỉ mục đích
5a. Rút gọn clause of result theo công thức sau (phrase of result)
S + V + too adj/adv (for object )+ to inf
S + V + too + adjective + a + noun + infinitive
S + V + adj/adv enough (for object)+to inf (enough + noun + to- inf)
5b. Rút gọn: clause of purpose theo mẫu sau (phrase of purpose)
to inf
S+V+ in order for object to inf
so as to inf
6. It + take+ (object) + time + to inf
7. Causative form: S+ get + object (chỉ người) + to inf
8. to inf after question words : what / where/ who / whom/ which/ when / how …………
9. Noun / pronoun + to-inf to infinitive after nouns or pronouns as a modifier to replace a relative clause
Ex : I have a lot of work to do ( which I have to do )
To- inf dùng sau the first/ the last/ the only...... or The superlative + N :to replace a relative clause
EX: He was the first students to find the answer
10.a Những động từ sau đây, theo sau là to infinitive: S + V + to inf
1. afford : cung cấp đủ 21. manage : xoay xở
2. agree : đồng ý 22. mean : muốn
3. appear : có vẻ 23. need : cần (chủ động, người)
4. arrange : sắp xếp 24. offer : mời
5. ask : hỏi 25. plan : dự định, kế hoạch
6. attempt : cố gắng 26. prepare : chuẩn bị
7. beg : đề nghị, xin 27. pretend : giả vờ
8. care : quan tâm 28. promise : hứa
9. claim : cho là, tuyên bố 29. refuse : từ chối
10. consent : đồng ý, tán thành 30. regret : tiếc (tương lai)
11. decide : quyết định 31. remember : nhớ (tương lai)
12. demand : yêu cầu 32. seem : dường như
13. deserve : xứng đáng 33. struggle : đấu tranh, cố gắng
14. expect : trông đợi 34. swear : thề
15. dare : dám 35. threaten : dọa
16. fail : thất bại 36. tend : có khuynh hướng
17. forget : quên (tương lai) 37. volunteer : tình nguyện, xung phong
18. hesitate : ngập ngừng 38. wait : đợi
19. hope : hy vọng 39. want : muốn (chủ động)
20. learn : học 40. wish : ao ước

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10.b Những động từ sau đây, theo sau là Obj + to inf: S + V + objective + to inf
1. advise : khuyên 23. require : yêu cầu
2. allow : cho phép 24. recommend : khuyên
3. ask : hỏi, đòi hỏi 25. teach : dạy
4. beg : năn nỉ, xin 26. tell : bảo
5. cause : gây ra 27. urge : thúc giục, thuyết phục
6. challenge : thách thức, thách đố 28. want : muốn
7. convince : thuyết phục 29. warn : cảnh báo
8. dare : dám 30. help : giúp đỡ
9. encourage : khuyến khích 31. would like : thích
10. expect : trông đợi 32. would prefer : thích
11. forbid : cấm 33. appoint : chỉ định ai làm gì
12. force : bắt buộc 34. charge : giao nhiệm vụ
13. hire : thuê, mướn 35. choose : lựa chọn
14. instruct : chỉ dẫn 36. compel : cưỡng bách
15. invite : mời 37. defy : thách
16. need : cần 38. desire : ao ước, thèm thuồng
17. tempt : cám dỗ 39. direct : hướng dẫn, chỉ huy
18. intend : dự định 40. implore : yêu cầu
19. order : ra lệnh 41. provoke : xúi giục
20. permit : cho phép 42. Teach, explain, know, understand, discover,
21. persuade : thuyết phục consider, think, believe + how + to inf:Chỉ cách thức
22. remind : nhắc lại

III. Gerund: Danh động từ:

A. Gerund as a noun (subj , obj, complement & appositive)
1. Làm chủ ngữ  V(sing)  (real subject & informal subject).
2. Làm tân ngữ
Object of verb: S + V + V- ing (gerund).
Object of preposition  sau preposition + V-ing.
3. Làm subject complement:
Ex: My hobby is swimming (gerund)
4. Làm appositive (ngữ đồng vị)
Ex: My hobby, swimming makes me healthy.
5. Đứng sau thành ngữ: it is no use, it is no good:
there is no use, there is no good: vô ích
can’t stand / bear / help: không thể chịu được
6. Sau hai tính từ: busy, worth
7. Thành lập noun compound (danh từ kép):
N + gerund child bearing
Gerund + N  flying machine
Ex :weigh-lifting, lorry-driving, dining-room, swimming pool
8. after prepositions (Prepositional Object )
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 Ex: she is interested in listening to music.
Note : look forward to / be ( get) used to / be accustomed to/ object to / confess to / contribute to / take to +
Ving ( to here :preposition)
9. Adverbial Modifier ( trạng ngữ)
By/Without + V-ing ( thể cách) He earns money by doing manual work.
He looked at me without saying anything
For + V-ing ( mục đích) Money is used for buying things.
After/at/in/on/before while/ upon + V-ing ( thời gian)
On returning home I found that the door was open.
We ate while listening to the radio.
B. Gerund as a verb: có object hoặc được bổ nghĩa bởi một trạng từ
1. admit : thừa nhận 26. hate : ghét
2. advise : khuyên (không object) 27. mention : nhắc tới, nĩi tới
3. anticipate : tham gia 28. mind : phiền
4. appreciate : đánh giá cao 29. miss : nhớ, lỡ, mất
5. avoid : tránh 30. postpone : đình, hõan.
6. complete : hòan thành 31. prevent : ngăn cản
7. consider : xem xét 32. practise : luyện tập
8. delay : trì hõan 33. recall : gợi lại, nhớ lại.
9. dread : sợ 34. recollect : gợi lại.
10. detest : ghét 35. recommend: khuyên, dặn dò.
11. discuss : thảo luận 36. regret : tiếc nuối (quá khứ)
12. dislike : không thích 37. remember: nhớ (qúa khứ)
13. deny : từ chối 38. resent : tức giận, phật ý.
14. enjoy : thưởng thức 39. resist : cưỡng lại, phản kháng.
15. excuse : xin lỗi 40. risk : liều lĩnh.
16. finish : hoàn thành 41. stop : ngừng, từ bỏ.
17. forget : quên (qúa khứ) 42. start : (hoặc To inf)
18. forgive : tha thứ 43. suggest : đề nghị
19. fancy : tưởng tượng 44. tolerate : bỏ qua
20. imagine : tưởng tượng 45. understand: hiểu
21. involve : làm liên lụy 46. restrict : hạn chế, giảm bớt, ngăn ngừa.
22. include : bao gồm * can’t bear, can’t stand, can’t help
23. keep : tiếp tục * it is no use, it is no good, there is no use .
24. love : (hoặc To inf) * look forward to
25. like : thích * busy, be worth
* there's no point in have difficulty/ trouble
IV. Past participle: quá khứ phân từ – VoED/V3
1. Thêm trợ từ have+Vo-ED/V3 (past participle) perfect tense
2. Thêm trợ từ Be +VoED/V3(past participle) passive voice.
3. Làm chức năng như adjective  passive meaning  có thể rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ.
(adjective clauses or relative clauses)
+ Có thể rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian.
+ Có thể rút gọn câu khi một chủ ngữ thực hiện hai hành động.
4. Thành lập adjective compound: tính từ kép
N  man – made
Adj + V (PP – VoED/V3 )  new – born
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 Adv  well – known
6. Thêm “the” để thành lập danh từ tập hợp  V(plural)
educated(adj) the educated:những người có giáo dục.
7. Thành lập causative form: thể truyền khuyến
S +have/get +object (chỉ vật)+ V (PP – Vo ED/V3)
V. Present participle (Vo + ing) hiện tại phân từ.
1. Thêm trợ từ Be + Vo-ing để thành lập thì continuous tense.
2. Làm tính từ  Mang nghĩa chủ động (active meaning)
 Có thể rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ (adjective clause or relative clause)
 Có thể rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, nhượng bộ, lý do và điều kiện .
 Một chủ ngữ thực hiện 2 hành động có thể dùng present participle để rút gọn.
3. Thêm mạo từ “the” để thành lập danh từ tập hợp:
Ex: to live  the living: những người đang sống.
4. Thành lập tính từ kép (adjective compound).
N  peace – loving
Adj Vo + ing  good – loking
Adv  hard - working
Note:
Stop + to V: có nghĩa là: dừng lại để làm một việc gì dó
Ex: I met my old friend when I was going to work, so I stopped to talk with him. (tôi đang đi, tôi dừng lại
để nói chuyện)
Stop + Ving ~ give up: Bỏ thôi không làm một việc gì đó
Ex: The students stopped talking when the teacher came in. (trong trường hợp này có nghĩa là nhóm học
sinh đã thôi không nói chuyện nữa).
Forget + to V: quên làm gì đó ~ (not) remember to + V
Ex: I forgot to lock the door, so I had to come back to lock it. (câu này nghĩa là tôi đã quên không khoá cửa
vì thế tôi phải quay trở về để khoá)
Forget + Ving: Quên là đã làm gì ~ (not) remember + Ving
Ex: I forgot meeting him. (Câu này nghĩa là tôi đã gặp anh ta rồi nhưng không nhớ là mình đã gặp)
Regret + to V: tiếc nuối khi làm gì(thường là thông báo cho ai đó một tin không tốt)
Ex: I regret to tell you that the match has been cancelled.
Regret + Ving: Hối hận là đã làm gì
Ex: I regret telling him my problem.(tôi hối tiếc là đã nói cho anh ta biết về khó khăn của tôi.)
Remember/Forget/Regret V – ing: một việc đã xảy ra
To-infinitive: một việc chưa xảy ra/ cần phải làm
Try V – ing: thử làm một việc gì
To – infinitive: cố gắng làm một việc gì
Need/want/require V – ing (need + to be + Vpp): mang nghĩa bị động (chủ ngữ chỉ vật)
To – infinitive: mang nghĩa chủ động (chủ ngữ chỉ người)
Like/Dislike/Prefer/Hate/Detest V – ing: thích/ghét thật sự
To-infinitive: thích vì cho là tốt nên làm
Prefer + V-ing to V-ing: thích cái gì hơn cái gì
Feel like + Vo ing: thích cái gì đó
Advise, allow, permit O + To infi
Vo- ing
Advise/allow/recommend/permit/forbid + O + to Infinitive

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Advise/allow/recommend/permit (no Object) + Gerund (V-ing )
Go on + to inf = move to something different
Go on + gerund = continue doing the same thing
Mean (meaning 'intend')+ to infinitive: I mean to get to the top by sunrise.
Mean {meaning 'involve' (used only with an impersonal subject)} + the gerund:
He is determined to get a seat even if it means standing in a queue all night.
Prefer to do and prefer doing
*'prefer to (do)' or 'prefer ~ing' (what you prefer in general):
* I don't like cities. I prefer to live in the country. or I prefer living in the country
The differences in structure after prefer. We say:
- Prefer sth to sth else. Or prefer doing sth to doing sth else.
But prefer to do sth rather than (do) sth else.
Ex: * I prefer this coat to the coat you were wearing yesterday.
* I prefer driving to travelling by train.
but * I prefer to drive rather than travel by train.
* Ann prefers to live in the country rather than (live) in a city.
Would prefer (I'd prefer...) (what somebody wants in a particular situation not in general):
* 'Would you prefer tea or coffee?' 'Coffee, please.'
We say 'would prefer to do' (not 'doing'):
* 'Shall we go by train?' 'Well, I'd prefer to go by car.' (not 'I'd prefer going')
* I'd prefer to stay at home tonight rather than go to the cinema.
Verbs + possessive adjective/pronoun object + gerund
Would you mind + Vo- ing?
Would you mind if + S + past Subjunctive …?
Recommend, begin, start, continue + To inf /Vo – ing
* Một số động từ được theo sau bởi động từ ở dạng nguyên mẫu không “ TO”
Sau tất cả các động từ tình thái và một số trợ động từ ta phải dùng động từ nguyên mẫu không “TO” như:
(do; does; did; will; can; could; would; should; may; might; must; had better; shall; be going to)
- Make: He makes me laugh .
Vo
Don’t make her cry!
Vo
- Let: She lets us go.
Vo
Let it be as it is.
Vo
- Had better: We had better work hard for the exam.
Vo
You had better not smoke.
Vo
Chú ý: Sau “ make” có thể là một động từ nguyên mẫu không “to” hoặc một tính từ. Tuy nhiên nếu động từ
“make” chia ở dạng bị động thì theo sau nó là một động từ có “ T O”
Ex: He made me sad. (sad: tính từ.)
The students were made to study hard by the teachers. (= The teacher made the students study hard.)
Be made To V make Vo

EXERCISES
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 I Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets :
1. Do stop (talk) ……………… I am trying (finish) ………………… the report.
2. Do you feel like (go) …………….. to a film or would you rather (stay) ………………. at home.
3. Don’t forget (lock) ……………… the door before going to bed.
4. Would you mind (show) ………………. me how to work the lift?
5. My shoes need (mend) ………………
6. Will you stop (talk) ………………. while I’m talking?
7. He admitted (throw) …………….. the rock through the window.
8. My father’s advice made me (choose) ……………… teaching as my career.
9. We were kept at the police station for an hour and then allowed (go) ………..
10. Ask him (come) …………..in. Don’t keep him (stand) ………….. at the door.
11. “Does Sarah know about the meeting?” – “No, I forgot (tell) …………. her.”
12. I believe what I said was fair. I don’t regret (say) ……………….it.
13. I remember (meet) ……………. you somewhere, but I’ve forgot your name.
14. I knew they were in trouble but I regret (say) ……………. I did nothing to help them.
15. He needs (work) ……………… harder if he wants to makes progress.
16. Please leave me alone. I’m trying (concentrate) …………………
17. They don’t allow people (park) …………….in front of the building.
18. I don’t recommend (eat) ………… in that restaurant. The food is terrible.
19. Her parents won’t let her (go) …………. out alone.
20. We weren’t allowed (make) …………….. personal calls at work.
21. I’ve given up (try) ……………… to lose weight. It’s impossible.
22. I considered (apply) …………. for the job, but in the end I decided against it.
23. They don’t have much money. They can’t afford (go) ……… out very often.
24. You don’t need (iron) …………... this shirt. It doesn’t need (iron) …………
25. He looks so funny. Whenever I see him, I can’t help (smile) …………..
26. Can you help me (get) …………….. dinner ready?
27. I’m sure I locked the door. I clearly remember (lock) ............................ it.
28. I don’t mind your (use) ............ the phone as long as you pay for all your calls.
II. Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence:
1. Would you mind ……………………… the window?
A. to close B. close C. closing D. to be closing
2. Try ……………………… there as fast as you can.
A. getting B. to get C. got D. get
3. I regret ……………………… you that you are not selected for the interview.
A. to tell B. telling C. tell D. having told
4. My grandfather is used to ……………………..early.
A. get up B. getting up C. have got up D. got up.
5. Don’t risk ………………………. alone in the river.
A. to swim B. swimming C. to swimming D. swim
6. Do not delay ……………………..him.
A. to answer B. to answering C. answering D. to be answering
7. She preferred ……………………. rather than give up.
A. die B. dying C. to die D. to be die
8. Mr. Smith encouraged his children ……………………Chinese.
A. studying B. study C. to study D. to studying
9. It is a busy season. The farmers have the tractors ……………… all day long.
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 A. to run B. to running C. ran D. running
10. His speech is easy ……………………
A. to follow it B. to follow C. following D. to be followed
11. She was made ……………………… smoking.
A. give up B. given up C. to give up D. gave up
12. It’s very difficult …………. with him because he got used to ……..... everything in his own way.
A. to deal/doing B. to deal/do C. dealing/doing D. dealing/do
13. Last summer we ……………………. to travel overland through Australia.
A. enjoyed B. decided C. didn’t mind D. suggested
14. The company ……………………. holding that workshop until the next month.
A. planned B. arranged C. postponed D. was able
15. Did she apologize …………………. late?
A. being B. to be C. to have been D. for being
16. “What shall we do this evening?” “How ……………. to that pop concert?”
A. to go B. we going C. about going D. about we go
17. There’s a good film on TV tonight. I’m really looking forward ……………it.
A. to seeing B. to see C. for seeing D. for to see
18. ………………… breakfast, I did the washing up.
A. After have B. After had C. After I have D. After having
19. Why don’t you let your son …………………… camping with his classmates?
A. go B. going C. to go D. to going
20. Please do not hesitate ……………………… me if you have any queries.
A. contact B. contacting C. to contact D. to contacting
21. Some critics didn’t think the book …………………… to win the prize.
A. deserved B. was worth C. needed D. should
22. She ………………the children wash their hands before every meal.
A. forced B. permitted C. got D. made
23. Ken spends most of his spare time ……………………. the Net.
A. surf B. to surf C. surfing D. to surfing
24. I can’t stand people ……………………..me questions all the time.
A. ask B. to ask C. asking D. asked
25. Tracy promised …………………….Owen with his packing.
A. help B. to help C. helping D. to helping
26. Her brother is very keen ………………………..
A. swim B. to swim C. to swimming D. on swimming
27. Don’t forget …………………..him for coffee when you see him.
A. invite B. to invite C. to be invited D. inviting
28. He stopped ………………………. because he was sleepy.
A. drive B. to drive C. driving D. to driving
29. They stopped the car ………………….. a chat with their friends.
A. have B. to have C. having D. to having
30. I’ve just finished ………………….. the report.
A. write B. to write C. to be written D. writing
31. She had a cold, so she couldn’t help …………………. all the time.
A. sneeze B. to sneeze C. to sneezing D. sneezing
32. My mother doesn’t allow me …………………… out with my friends.
A. go B. to go C. going D. to going
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 33. I wonder why she tried to avoid ………………… my question.
A. answer B. to answer C. answering D. to answering
34. My parents used ……………………. in London, but now they live in Bristol.
A. live B. to live C. living D. to living
35. Do you want to go on ……………………English?
A. learn B. to learn C. you learn D. learning
36. He needs ………………… harder if he wants to make progress.
A. to work B. working C. work D. works
37. Mike found Africa strange at first. He …………… living in such a hot climate.
A. not used to B. didn’t use to C. wasn’t used to D. used not to
38. It’s a difficult problem. It needs ………………….. about very carefully.
A. to think B. thought C. to be thinking D. thinking
39. You are expected …………………. the safety regulations of the school.
A. know B. to know C. knowing D. being known
40. He really dislikes ……………………. while he’s working.
A. interrupting B. to interrupt C. interrupt D. being interrupted
Week: 9 - Period: 9 Class: 12A8
Date of teaching:
PART 9: ARTICLES
I. Indefinite Article (Maọ từ không xác định): A, An
*** A, an: đề cập đến một đối tượng chung hoặc chưa được xác định rõ. Đối tượng lần đầu được nhắc
tới
*** A đứng trước một phụ âm hoặc một nguyên âm có âm là phụ âm.
Ex: a game (một trò chơi), a university, a Ẻuropean
*** An đứng trước một nguyên âm hoặc một phụ âm câm.
Ex: an egg (một quả trứng), an hour (một giờ đồng hồ).
*** An cũng đứng trước các mẫu tự đặc biệt đọc như một nguyên âm.
Ex: an SOS (một tín hiệu cấp cứu); an MSc (một thạc sĩ khoa học), an X-ray (một tia X).
*** Cách dùng:
1. Trước một danh từ số ít đếm được.
Ex: We need a microcomputer (Chúng tôi cần một máy vi tính). / He eats an ice-cream.
2. Trong các thành ngữ chỉ số lượng nhất định.
Ex: a lot (nhiều); a couple (một cặp/đôi); a third (một phần ba) / a dozen (một tá); a hundred (một trăm);
a quarter (một phần tư)
*** Không dùng mạo từ bất định(a / an) trong các trường hợp sau:
1. Trước danh từ số nhiều 2. Trước danh từ không đếm được
Ex: He gave us good advice (Ông ta cho chúng tôi những lời khuyên hay).
I write on paper (Tôi ghi trên giấy)
3.Trước tên gọi các bữa ăn, trừ phi có tính từ đứng trước các tên gọi đó
Ex: They have lunch at eleven (họ dùng cơm trưa lúc 11 giờ)
But: You gave me a delicious dinner (bạn đã cho tôi một bữa ăn tối thật ngon miệng).
II. Definite Article (Mạo từ xác định) - THE
*** Dùng "the" khi danh từ chỉ đối tượng được cả người nói lẫn người nghe biết rõ đối tượng nào đó
(được nhắc lại) , dùng cho cả danh từ đếm được (số ít lẫn số nhiều) và danh từ không đếm được..
Ex: The truth (sự thật) / The bicycle (một chiếc xe đạp) / The bicycles (những chiếc xe đạp)
*** Cách dùng:
1/ Khi vật thể hay nhóm vật thể là duy nhất hoặc được xem là duy nhất
43
 Ex: The sun (mặt trời); the sea (biển cả) / The world (thế giới); the earth (quả đất)
2/ Trước một danh từ, với điều kiện danh từ này vừa mới được đề cập trước đó.
Ex: I saw a beggar.The beggar looked curiously at me.
(Tôi thấy một người ăn xin. Người ăn xin ấy nhìn tôi với vẻ tò mò)
3/ Trước một danh từ, với điều kiện danh từ này được xác định bằng một cụm từ hoặc một mệnh đề.
Ex: The girl in uniform (Cô gái mặc đồng phục). / The mechanic that I met (Người thợ máy mà tôi đã
gặp).
The place where I waited for him (Nơi mà tôi đợi anh ta).
4/ Trước so sánh cực cấp, Trước first (thứ nhất), second (thứ nhì), only (duy nhất).... khi các từ này
được dùng như tính từ hay đại từ.
Ex: The first day (ngày đầu tiên). / The best time (thời gian thuận tiện nhất). / The only way (cách duy
nhất)
5/ The + Tính từtượng trưng cho một nhóm người
Ex: The old (người già); the rich and the poor (người giàu và người nghèo)
6/ The dùng Trước những danh từ riêng chỉ biển, sông, quần đảo, dãy núi, tên gọi số nhiều của các
nước, sa mạc, miền. Ex: The Pacific (Thái Bình Dương);The Netherlands (Hà Lan)
7/ The + họ (ở số nhiều)nghĩa là Gia đình ...
Ex: The Smiths = Gia đình Smith (vợ chồng Smith và các con)
Không dùng mạo từ xác định - THE
1/ Trước tên quốc gia, tên châu lục, tên núi, tên hồ, tên đường.
Ex: Europe (Châu Âu),), France (Pháp quốc), Downing Street (Phố Downing)
2/ Sausở hữu tính từ(possessive adjective) hoặc sau danh từ ở sở hữu cách(possessive case) .
Ex: My friend, chứ không nói My the friend. / The girl's mother = the mother of the girl (Mẹ của cô
gái)
3/ Trước tên gọi các bữa ăn. Ex: They invited some friends to dinner. (Họ mời vài người bạn đến ăn tối)
4. Go to bed/hospital/church/school/ work/prison (Đi ngủ/đi nằm bệnh viện/đi lễ/đi học/đi làm/ đi tù),
But: They went to the school to see their children's teacher(Họ đến trường để gặp thầy của con họ)
She will get a bus at the church (Cô ta sẽ đón xe búyt ở chỗ nhà thờ).

Exercise 1. Put in a, an or some or leave a space:

1. Have you got _____ camera? 2. Would you like to be _____ actor.
3. Bill's got _____ big feet. 4. Do you collect _____ stamps?
5. Tom always gives Ann _____ flowers on her birthday.
6. Those are _____ really nice trousers. Where did you get them?
7. What _____ beautiful garden! 8. What _____ lovely children!
9. _____ birds, for example the penguin, cannot fly.
10. Jack has got _____ very long legs, so he's _____ fast runner.
11. You need _____ visa to visit _____ foreign countries, but not all of them .
12. I'm going shopping. I'm going to get _____ new clothes.
13. Jane is _____ teacher. Her parents were _____ teachers too.
14. When we reached the city centre, _____ shops were still open but most of them were already closed.
15. Do you enjoy going to _____ concerts? 16. When I was _____ child, I used to be very shy.
Exercise 2. Put suitable articles into blanks:
1. John is _____ teacher. He's teaching in _____ school in London.
Every morning, he gets up at 7 o'clock, has _____ breakfast and _____ cup of _____ coffee. Then he goes
to work by bus. He has _____ lunch at _____ restaurant (near _____ school). In the afternoon he works

44
until 5 or 5.30 and then goes _____ home. He doesn't work on _____ Saturday or Sunday. He goes to
_____ cinema or theatre. John has _____ sister in Oxford and _____ brother in _____ London.
2. There are millions of stars in _____ space. 3. I'm going away at _____ end of this month.
4. The sun is _____ star. 5. What did you have for _____ breakfast?
6. Have you got _____ car? 7. How much are those potatoes? 1.20 _____ kilo.
8. Can you think _____ rich should pay more taxes to help _____ poor?
Exercise 3. Put suitable articles into blanks:
1. He is _____ honest person. 2. My father went out to _____ sea when he was
14.
3. When do you hope to go to _____ university? 4. There's a strike at _____ hospital.
5. He is_____ one-eyed man. 6. There's _____ onion left in the fridge.
7. This is_____ useful method of learning English. 8. I've got _____ uncle.
9. Your shoes are under_____ bed. 10. There's a splendid view of_____ Lake Geneva from his
hotel.
Exercise 4. Choose the correct answer:
1. The British Prime Minister live in Downing Street / the Downing Street.
2. One of the nicest parks in London is St. James's Park/the St. James's Park, which is very near
Buckingham Palace / the Buckingham Palace.
3. Frank is a student at Liverpool University / the Liverpool University.
4. Mr. Jenkins reads Daily Telegraph / the Daily Telegraph but his wife reads Times / the Times.
5. We flew from London to Orly Airpot / the Orly Airpot in Paris.
6. Mary and Peter got married in St. Matthew's Church / the Matthew's Church.
7. Some children hate school / the school.
8. After leaving school / the school, Nora worked as a cleaner in hospital / at the hospital
9. All over the world, people are in prison / the prison because of their political beliefs.
10. The other day the fire-brigade had to go to prison / the prison to put out a fire.
11. On the way to London we passed through a small village with an old church. We stopped to visit
church / the church. It was a beautiful building.
12. John's mother is a regular churchgoer. She goes to church/the church every Sunday. John himself
doesn't go to church / the church.
13. Apples / the apples are good for you.
14. Women / the women are often better teachers then men/the men.
15. In Britain coffee / the coffee is more expensive than tea/the tea.
16. Most people/the most people still believe that marriage/the marriage and family life / the family life are
the basic of our society.
17. Life / the life would be very difficult without electricity / the electricity.
18. Skiing / the skiing is my favourite sport but I also like swimming / the swimming.
19. Second World War / the Second World Ward ended in 1945.
20. Don't stay in that hotel. Beds / the beds are very uncomfortable.
Exercise 5. Put suitable articles into blanks if necessary:
1. After _____ lunch, we went for _____ wall by _____ sea. 2. Don't sit on _______ ground. It's wet.
3. On _______ Sunday my father stay in _______ bed till ten o'clock reading _______ Sunday paper.
4. He's got _____ job in ______ South and spent ______ next two years doing ______ work he really
enjoyed.
5. My mother goes to _____ church in _____ morning and in ______ afternoon goes to visit _______
friends.

45
6. ____ post man's little boy says that he'd rather be _____ dentist than _____ doctor because _____
dentists don't get called out at ______ night.
7. This morning I bought _____ newspaper and _____ magazine _____ newspaper is in my bag, but I don't
know where ______ magazine is.
8. My parents have ____ cat and____ dog.____ dog never bites ____ cat, but____ cat often scratched____
dog.
9. We live in ___ old house in ___ middle of town. There is ___ garden behind ___ house.___ roof of ___
house is in bad condition.
Week: 10 - Period: 10 Class: 12A8
Date of teaching:
PART 10: PREPOSITIONS
I. Các loại giới từ (Kinds of preposition):
1. Giới từ chỉ thời gian (Prepositions of time):
• IN (trong, vào) được dùng để chỉ các buổi trong ngày (ngoại trừ at night), tháng, năm, mùa, thập niên, thế
kỷ hoặc khoảng thời gian ở tương lai.
Ex: in the morning, in January, in 1990, in the summer, in the 1990s, in the 20th century,
in the Middle Age, in ten minutes
IN TIME: đúng lúc, kịp lúc
Ex: Will you be home in time for dinner?
• AT (vào lúc) được dùng để chỉ thời điểm hoặc các kỳ nghỉ (tòan bộ những ngày trong kỳ nghỉ)
Ex: at 6 o’clock, at night, at noon, at midnight, at bedtime, at dawn, at the weekend,
at Christmas, at New Year, at Easter
At : được dùng trong một số cụm từ chỉ thời gian: at the moment, at present, at the same time, at once,
at that time, at first, at last
• ON (vào) được dùng để chỉ ngày trong tuần, ngày tháng trong năm, ngày trong kỳ nghỉ hoặc các buổi
trong ngày cụ thể.
Ex: on Monday, on 5th January, on Christmas Day, on Monday morning, on one’s birthday
ON TIME: đúng giờ
Ex: The train arrived right on time.
• FOR (trong) + khoảng thời gian: for two months, for a long time
• SINCE (từ, từ khi) + mốc thời gian: since last Monday, since 2002
• UNTIL/ TILL (đến, cho đến): until 5 o’clock, till midnight
• BEFORE (trước, trước khi): before lunchtime
• AFTER (sau, sau khi): after luchtime
• DURING (trong, suốt): during World War II
• BY (vào lúc): by the end of May
• FROM … TO (từ … đến): from morning to noon
2. Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn (Prepositions of place):
• AT (ở, tại) được dùng để chỉ vị trí tại một điểm.
Ex: at home, at school, at the bus stop, at the airport, at the office, at the cinema, at the seaside, at the
grocer’s, at the top/ bottom, at the beginning/ end, at the front/ back
* Lưu ý: arrive at the village/ the airport/ the railway station
But: arrive in Vietnam/ Ho Chi Minh City
• IN (trong, ở trong) được dùng để chỉ vị trí trong một diện tích, một không gian; dùng trước tên đường,
tên thị trấn, thành phố, quốc gia, miền, phương hướng hoặc dùng với các phương tiện đi lại bằng xe hơi
(car).

46
Ex: in a box, in a small room, in the countryside, in the world, in Oxford Street, in London, in Vietnam,
in the east, in a car/ taxi
* Lưu ý: in a car (trong xe hơi), but: by car (bằng xe hơi)
• ON (trên, ở trên) được dùng để chỉ vị trí trên bề mặt, số tầng trong một tòa nhà, trước tên đường (US)
hoặc dùng với một số phương tiện đi lại.
Ex: on the table, on the wall, on the ground, on the first floor, on Albert Street, on a bus/ train/ plane/
(motor)bike/ horse, on foot
On cịn được dùng trong một số cụm từ: on the left/ right, on the farm, on the coast/ beach, on TV/ radio…
• ABOVE/ OVER (bên trên – không tiếp xúc với bề mặt)
Ex: Her name comes above mine on the list.
The sign over the door said: “Exit”.
• UNDER/ BELOW (ở dưới, dưới)
Ex: The shoes are under the chair.
The temperature has fallen below zero.
• IN FRONT OF (ở phía trước), BEHIND (ở phía sau), IN THE MIDDLE OF (ở giữa)
Ex: I hung my raincoat in front of/ behind the door.
• NEAR (gần)
Ex: Is there a train station near here?
• NEXT TO, BY, BESIDE (bên cạnh, kế bên)
Ex: Peter is standing by the gate.
• BETWEEN (ở giữa hai người/ vật), AMONG (ở giữa nhiều người/ vật)
Ex: Tom is sitting between Mary and Peter.
Tom is among the crowd.
• INSIDE (ở bên trong), OUTSIDE (ở bên ngòai)
Ex: Luckily, no one was inside the building when it collapsed.
• OPPOSITE (đối diện)
Ex: They sat opposite each other.
3. Giới từ chỉ sự chuyển động (Prepositions of movement):
• TO (đến)
Ex: He goes to school by bus.
• FROM … TO (từ … đến)
Ex: How far is it from New York to California?
• THROUGH (xuyên qua)
Ex: They walked through the woods.
• ACROSS (ngang qua)
Ex: The children ran straight across in front of our car.
• ROUND/ AROUND (quanh)
Ex: The earth moves round/ around the sun.
• ALONG (dọc theo)
Ex: We had a walk along the river bank.
• UP (lên)/ DOWN (xuống)
Ex: We followed her up the stair.
• TOWARD(S) (về phía)
Ex: Mary stood up and walked towards Peter.
4. Một số giới từ khác:
- Giới từ chỉ mục đích: for, to, in order to, so as to (để)
- Giới từ chỉ nguyên nhân: for, because of, owning to (bởi vì)
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- Giới từ chỉ phương tiện: by, with (bằng), through (nhờ qua)
- Giới từ chỉ thể cách: with ( với), without (không có)
- Giới từ chỉ sự tương quan: according to (tùy theo), instead of (thay vì), in spite of (mặc dù)
II. Giới từ theo sau danh từ, tính từ và động từ (Prepositions following nouns, adjectives, and verbs):
1. Noun + preposition:
FOR
affection for: yêu mến need for: sự cần thiết cho
demand for: nhu cầu về reputation for: sự nổi tiếng
reason for: lý do về regret for: nuối tiếc
responsibility for: trách nhiệm admiration for: khâm phục
talent for: tài năng desire for: sự mong muốn
cure for: việc chữa trị cho

IN
rise in: phát triển, tăng increase in: phát triển, tăng
decresase in: giảm belief in: tin
experience in: có kinh nghiệm interest in: thích, quan tâm
delay in: trì hõan
OF
cause of: nguyên nhân advantage/ disadvantage of: thuận lợi/ bất lợi
knowledge of: kiến thức lack of: thiếu
opinion of: ý kiến benefit of: lợi ích
example of: ví dụ sense of: ý thức
TO
damage to: sự hư hại đối với invitation to: lời mời
reaction to: phản ứng solution to: giải pháp
attitude to: thái độ access to: phương tiện
threat to: đe dọa reply to: đáp lại
ON
effect on: ảnh hưởng influence on: ảnh hưởng
advice on: khuyên report on: báo cáo
WITH
relationship with: mối quan hệ connection with: sự liên quan với
contact with: sự tiếp xúc với association with: sự kết giao với
link with: liên kết với trouble with: có vấn đề với
BETWEEN
difference between: sự khác biệt comparison between: so sánh

2. Adjective + preposition:
ABOUT
annoyed (with sb) about: bực tức
anxious/ worried about: lo lắng
careful about: cẩn thận về
careless about: bất cẩn về
concerned about: quan tâm
confused about: nhầm lẩn về
AT
excited about: hào hứng
furious about: điên tiết về
happy about: hạnh phúc
sad/ upset about: buồn/ thất vọng
serious about: nghiêm túc về
sorry about/ for: xin lỗi về
48
amazed at: kinh ngạc về
bad at: dở về (bad for: xấu cho)
clever at: khéo léo về
excellent at: xuất sắc về
FOR
available for: có sẵn
eager for: nóng lòng chờ
eligible for: xứng đáng cho
famous for: nổi tiếng
known for: nổi tiếng
FROM
absent from: vắng mặt ở
different from: khác với
IN
disappointed in/ with: thất vọng
interested in: quan tâm
successful in: thành công
OF
afraid of: sợ
ahead of: đi trước
ashamed of: hổ thẹn
aware/ conscious of: ý thức
capable of: có khả năng
certain of/ about: chắc về
confident of: tự tin
envious of: ghen tị
fond of: thích
frightened of: sợ
TO
accustomed to: quen
addicted to: nghiện
committed to: tận tụy
contrary to: trái với
dedicated to: tận tụy
devoted to: tận tâm
equal to: bằng với
essential to/ for: cần thiết cho
WITH
acquainted with: quen với
angry with/ at sb about sth: giận
angry with/ at sb for doing sth: giận
bored with/ fed up with: chán với
busy with: bận rộn với
crowded with: đông đúc
disappointed with: thất vọng
familiar with: quen thuộc với
OF/ TO
good at: dở về (good for: tốt cho)
quick at: nhanh nhẹn về
skillful at: khéo léo về
surprised at: ngạc nhiên về
late for: trễ
necessary for: cần thiết cho
responsible for: chịu trách nhiệm
useful for: có ích cho
free from/ of: thóat khỏi
safe from: an tòan
involved in: có liên quan
rich in: giàu có, phong phú
full of: đầy
guilty of: có tội
independent of: độc lập
jealous of: ghen tị
proud of: tự hào
scared of: hoảng sợ
short of: cạn kiệt
sure of: chắc
tired of: chán
typical of: tiêu biểu
grateful to sb for sth: biết ơn
opposed to: phản đối
harmful to: có hại cho
important to: quan trọng với
married to: thành hơn với
open to: mở ra cho
similar to: tương tự với
friendly with: thân thiện
happy with/ about: hạnh phúc về
honest with: thành thật với
identical with: giống hệt với
impatient with: mất kiên nhẫn với
patient with: kiên nhẫn với
pleased/ satisfied with: hài lòng với
popular with: phổ biến với
49
generous/ good/ kind/ nice/ polite/ rude/ stupid… to sb
generous/ good/ kind/ nice/ polite/ rude/ stupid… of sb to do sth
3. Verb + preposition:
ABOUT
care about sb/ sth: coi trọng
(care for: thích)
complain about: phàn nàn
dream about/ of sb/ sth: mơ về
forget about: quên
hear about sth: nghe nói về
(hear from sb: nghe tin tức của ai)
learn about: biết
AT
aim (sth) at sb/ sth: nhắm vào
arrive at/ in: đến tại
glance at sb/ sth: liếc nhìn
laugh at sb: cười nhạo ai
look at sb/ sth: nhìn vào
point (sth) at sb/ sth: chĩa vào
FOR
apply for sth: nộp đơn xin
account for: giải thích
apologize for: xin lỗi
ask sb for sth: yêu cầu ai về
blame sb for sth: đổ lỗi cho ai về
excuse for: xin lỗi
forgive sb for (doing) sth: tha thứ
hope for sth: hy vọng về
FROM
escape from: trốn thóat khỏi
prevent sb from (doing) sth: ngăn chặn
IN
believe in sb/ sth: tin vào
participate in: tham gia
INTO
crash into: tông, đụng vào
cut into: cắt ra thành
OF
accuse sb of (doing) sth: buộc tội ai
approve of: đồng ý, chấp thuận
consist of sb/ sth: bao gồm
die of/ from: chết vì
ON
concentrate on sth: tập trung vào
congratulate sb on (doing) sth: chúc mừng
comment on: phê bình
remind sb about sth: nhắc ai nhớ
(remind sb of sb/ sth: gợi ai nhớ đến)
talk about sb/ sth: nói chuyện về
tell sb about sb/ sth: nói với ai về
think about/ of sb/ sth: nghĩ về
warn sb about/ of sth: cảnh báo về
worry about: lo lắng
shout at sb: la mắng ai
(shout to sb: goi lớn ai)
smile at sb: mỉm cười với ai
stare at sb/ sth: nhìn chăm chú
throw sth at sb: ném mạnh vào ai
(throw sth to sb: ném cho ai bắt)
leave (a place) for: rời.... để đi đến
look for sb/ sth: tìm kiếm
(look after sb/ sth: chăm sóc)
pay for sth: trả tiền cho
search for sb/ sth: tìm kiếm
thank sb for (doing) sth: cảm ơn
wait for sb/ sth: chờ đợi
protect sb from sth: bảo vệ
suffer from sth: chịu, bị (bệnh, đau khổ…)
specialize in sth: chuyên về
succeed in (doing) sth: thành công về
divide/ split into: chia ra
translate (from a language) into: dịch ra
disapprove of sth: không đồng ý
hear of: nghe tin
suspect sb of (doing) sth: nghi ngờ
think of: nghĩ về
live onsb/ sth: sống nhờ vào
plan on: kế hoạch
rely on: tin cậy
50
depend on: phụ thuộc spend (money) on sth: tiêu (tiền)
insist on (doing) sth: nài nỉ
TO
adapt to: thích nghi explain sth to sb: giải thích cho ai
add to: thêm vào happen to sb/ sth: xảy ra với
adjust to: điều chỉnh listen to: lắng nghe
apologize to sb for (doing) sth: xin lỗi ai về object to: phản đối
complain to sb about sth: phàn nàn prefer … to …: thích … hơn
describe sth to sb: mô tả cho ai talk/ speak to sb: nói với
devote to: cống hiến
WITH
agree with: đồng ý fill with: làm đầy
argue with: cãi nhau với provide sb with sth: cung cấp
collide with: tông, đụng vào (provide sth for sb: cung cấp)
communicate with: giao tiếp supply sb with sth: cung cấp
compare with/to: so sánh (supply sth to sb: cung cấp)
EXERCISES
I. Fill in each blank with the correct preposition.
1. The price of electricity is going up _____ August.
2. They came to visit us _____ my birthday.
3. Did you have a good time _____ Christmas?
4. The children are really excited _____ their summer vacation.
5. We were very disappointed _____ the organization of the festival.
6. John missed a lot of lessons. He was ill _____ January to March.
7. Helen had said goodbye to everybody in the class _____ she left for the hometown.
8. My cat is very fond _____ fish.
9. I waited _____ 10 o’clock and then went home.
10. I can’t remember exactly when the accident happened. I think it was _____ nine and half past nine.
11. Are you acquainted _____ the lady?
12. _____ the children left, the house was very quiet.
13. These photographs were taken _____ a friend of mine.
14. The river Rhine flows _____ the North sea.
15. I shall meet you _____ the corner _____ the street.
16. I always come _____ school _____ foot.
17. He had learned the whole poem _____ heart.
18. He has waited _____ her for a long time.
19. He’s not very keen _____ watching football, but his wife is.
20. Are you worried _____ the final examination?
II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
1. _____ time _____ time I will examine you on the work you have done.
A. From / to B. At / to C. In / to D. With / to
2. This village is inhabited _____ tens of thieves.
A. with B. to C. by D. for
3. God has bestowed _____ me many graces.
A. on B. for C. to D. with
4. Make a comment _____ this sentence!
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A. to B. in C. on D. about
5. He’s a very wealthy man; a few hundred pounds is nothing _____ him.
A. for B. with C. to D. about
6. She does not show much affection _____ him.
A. with B. in C. for D. to
7. The clerk _____ that counter said those purses were _____ sale.
A. in/ for B. at/ on C. at/ in D. on/ on
8. Someone broke into the shop and made _____ with several TVs and videos.
A. of B. up C. out D. off
9. Old people like to descant _____ past memories.
A. in B. with C. on D. for
10. You should comply _____ the school rules.
A. to B. about C. with D. in
11. The people next door are furious _____ us _____ making so much noise last night.
A. at/ with B. with/ for C. for/ to D. about/ in
12. The Vietnamese participants always take part _____ sports events with great enthusiasm.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
13. He isn’t independent _____ any means. He depends _____ his father _____ everything.
A. by/ on/ in B. for/ on/ in C. of/ in/ for D. on/ in/ with
14. He may be quick _____ understanding but he isn’t capable _____ remembering anything.
A. in/ of B. on/ at C. at/ of D. of/ at
15. Mum is always busy _____ her work in the laboratory.
A. with B. at C. in D. of
16 Lan will stay there _____ the beginning in September _____ November.
A. from/ to B. till/ to C. from/ in D. till/ of
17. I would like to apply _____ the position of sales clerk that you advised in the Sunday newspaper.
A. for B. to C. with D. in
18. I have been looking _____ this book for months, and at last, I have found it.
A. over B. up C. for D. at
19. My sister is very fond _____ eating chocolate candy.
A. of B. with C. about D. at
20. Who’s going to look _____ the children while you’re away?
A. at B. up C. after D. over

Week: 11 - Period: 11 Class: 12A8

Date of teaching:
PART 11: READING COMPREHENSION
I.Read the following passages and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to
each of the blanks.
Passage 1:
Another side effect of the human population explosion will be the conversion of more land to food
production or cities. This habitat (1)________ will cause progressive extinction of many more
species. Globally, 45 species of birds and 40 species of mammals went (2)________ between 1650
and 1969, more have disappeared since then, and many more are in the endangered species list. It
has been estimated that half of all the species on Earth reside in the Amazon rain forest, (3)________
most of them in Brazil. Brazil’s plans to colonize and cut down the rain forests and similar changes
52
in Congo and Indonesia may very well (4)________ a major episode of extinction. Recent efforts to
estimate the projected rate of extinction suggest (5)________ half of all the species of mammals and
birds become extinct within the next 200 to 300 years.
1. A. endanger B. variety C. destruction D. extinction
2. A. extinction B. exhausted C. extinct D. exhaust
3. A. as to B. as with C. as for D. with
4. A. lead to B. influence C. cause to D.result from
5. A. those B. that C. these D. this
Passage 2:
At the turn of the century, American people often did their shopping from the catalogs. A catalog
was a book which described (1)_______ the merchandise a shopper could purchase from a certain
company. A person could look (2)______ a catalog and find everything from men’s overalls to coffee
grinders. When the shopper decided (3)________ to buy, the order was sent by mail. The company
delivered the merchandise the same way – by mail.
The catalog offered a handy way of shopping at time when most people lived in small towns or
(4)_______ farms. In those days, a shopper might have to travel a long distance by horse and buggy
to get to the nearest store. After 1918, however, the automobile had been invented. More people are
living in cities. (5)_______ people can do the shopping directly in a department store. In many areas,
catalog shopping disappeared.
1. A. as B. in length C. by means D. in detail
2. A. for B. in C. up D. through
3. A. what B. how C. when D. where
4. A. by B. on C. lose D. next
5. A. Lots B. Almost C. Most D. Mostly
Passage 3:
The latest addiction to trap thousands of people is the Internet, which has been (1) ________for
broken relationships, job losses, financial ruin and even one suicide. Psychologists now recognize
Internet Addiction Syndrome (IAS) as a new illness that could (2) ________ serious problems and
ruin many lives. Special help groups have been set up to (3) ________sufferers help and support.
IAS is similar to other problems like gambling, smoking and drinking : addicts have dreams about
Internet; they need to use it first thing in the morning; they (4) ________ to their partners about how
much time they spend online; they wish they could cut down, but are unable to do so . A recent study
found that many users spend up to 40 hours a week on the Internet; although they felt guilty, they
became depressed if they were (5) ________to stop using it.
1. A. accused B. mistaken C. blamed D. faulted
2. A. take B. cause C. affect D. lead
3. A. recommend B. offer C. suggest D. advise
4. A. lie B. cheat C. deceive D. betray
5. A. made B. allowed C. let D. had
Passage 4:
Environmental Concerns
Earth is the only place we know of in the universe that can support human life. (1) _____ human
activities are making the planet less fit to live on. As the western world (2) _____ on consuming
53
two-thirds of the world's resources while half of the world's population do so just to stay alive we
are rapidly destroying the very resource we have by which all people can survive and prosper.
Everywhere fertile soil is (3) _____ built on or washed into the sea. Renewable resources are
exploited so much that they will never be able to recover completely. We discharge pollutants into
the atmosphere without any thought of the consequences. As a (4)______, the planet's ability to
support people is being reduced at the very time when rising human numbers and consumption are
(5) _____ increasingly heavy demands on it.
1. A. Although B. Yet C. Still D. Despite
2. A. continues B. repeats C. follows D. carries
3. A. neither B. sooner C. rather D. either
4. A. result B. reaction C. development D. product
5. A. making B. doing C. having D. taking

GUIDED CLOZE TEXT KEYS

Passage 1 1D 2C 3D 4A 5B
Passage 2 1A 2D 3A 4B 5C
Passage 3 1C 2B 3B 4A 5A
Passage 4 1B 2D 3D 4A 5A

II.Read the following passages and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to
each of the questions:
Passage 1:
Hundreds of thousands of persons each year fall prey to some type of cancer, but new methods of
radiation therapy have enabled doctors to save more lives than ever before. Medical researches have
developed several effective forms in fighting the disease.
One promising approach involves exposing cancer cells to radiation by implanting a radioactive
source directly into the malignant tissue. This process greatly increases the dosage and thus the
effectiveness of the treatment. Another technique utilizes drugs to make cancer cells more
susceptible to the effects of radiation and to make normal cells more resistant. Certain drugs are able
to neutralize the genetic framework of cancer cells, thus making them more easily affected by
radiation. Both techniques have seen some positive results in the treatment of inoperable brain
tumors.
These and other methods have helped to raise the recovery rate for cancer victims from 30 percent
40 years ago to around 50 percent today. This is encouraging news for those who fall prey to one of
the world’s leading killers.
1. What’s the author’s main purpose in the passage ?
A. To provide statistical information on cancer.
B. To argue for new methods of cancer treatment.
C. To illustrate new techniques of radiation therapy.
D. To give the results of recent cancer research.
2. According to the passage, which of the following is true about radiation therapy ?
54
 A. There is only one effective form of this therapy.
B. It saves millions of lives each year.
C. It is an accepted method of cancer treatment.
D. It causes the incidence of cancer to rise dramatically.
3. In line 5, the word malignant most closely means
A. diseased B. experimental C. treated D. porous
4. According to the passage, radiation therapy is most effective when
A. drugs are used to relax the cancer patient.
B. the cancer is directly exposed to the radioactive material.
C. it is used on as many patients as possible.
D. the cancer cells are resistant to treatment.
5. It can be inferred from the passage that
A. improvements in cancer treatment during the last half century have been relatively
ineffective.
B. the number of deaths caused by cancer has decreased substantially.
C. fewer people are susceptible to the effects of cancer.
D. scientists are close to eliminating cancer entirely
Passage 2:
The Sun releases large amount of energy. Most of the energy goes into space and some of it reaches
the earth. There are several kinds of energy from the sun but the two most important are light and
heat. Life on earth depends on light to grow; and humans and other animals need warmth to live.
Solar energy is not only unlimited but also it is clean. It does not pollute the air or water. Why doesn’t
the world use more solar power?
It is still very expensive to collect solar energy for use. Scientists around the world are trying to find
a cheaper way to collect it and change it into electricity for machines. For example, automobile
engineers are trying to develop electronic cars that use solar energy. Many buildings are using solar
energy to heat their water now.
Scientists are looking for other ways to use solar energy. For instance, they want to use it to take the
salt out of sea water. People who live in dry desert areas near oceans need fresh water. Scientists
want to supply this fresh water from the ocean. Related to this, researchers in Mexico and Abu Dhabi
are doing important work on desalination.
1.What does the text mainly discuss?
A. different kinds of solar energy B. who collects solar energy
C. how solar energy is used D. solar energy and its use in human life.
2.How is solar energy described in the text?
A. clean and limited in amount B. clean and never used up
C. clean and safe D. clean and cheaper than others
3.What is the answer for the question at the end of the first paragraph?
A. For we have to pay a dear price for it. B. For it is not easy to use it.
C. For we have to do lots of research. D. For we may have to depend on it.
4. What is one way of solar energy use NOT mentioned in the text?
A. used as heat to warm water B. used as power for engines
C. used as power for home lightening D. used as a way to desalinate ocean water
55
5. What does the word “desalination” probably mean in the text?
A. a reaction that changes solar energy into electricity.
B. a process that uses solar energy to heat water.
C. a process that uses solar energy to remove salt from sea water.
D. a new invention of scientists around the world about solar energy use.
Passage 3:
Many countries face a somewhat more serious economic problem in the form of an unfavorable trade
balance with other nations. Such an imbalance exists when the total value of a country’s imports
exceeds that of its exports. For example, if a country buys $25 billion in products from other
countries, yet sells only $10 billion of its own products oversea, its trade deficit is $15 billion. Many
underdeveloped nations find themselves in this position because they lack natural resources or the
industrial capacity to use these resources, and thus have to import raw materials or manufactured
goods.
One effect of a trade deficit is the flow of currency out of a country. In the case of an underdeveloped
nation, this can cause many financial difficulties, including failure to meet debt payments and
obstacles to creation of an industrial base. Even in the case of a fully developed nation such as the
United States, a large trade deficit is reason for alarm. American products, made by well-paid
workers in U.S. industries, cost more to produce than those made in places like Asia, where labor
and material costs are much lower. Money spent on foreign products is money not spent on items
produced by domestic industries.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Several worldwide economic problems B. The causes and consequences of trade
deficits
C. Lack of resources in underdeveloped countries D. The value of exports versus
imports.
2. According to the passage, when does a trade imbalance occur?
A. A country has a serious economic problem
B. A country sells more products overseas than its imports.
C. The value of the products a country imports is greater than the value of the products it
exports.
D. A country cannot develop its natural resources.
3. The passage states that many underdeveloped nations have traded deficits because
A. they find themselves in this position
B. they export most of their natural resources to other nations
C. they have to import most of their natural resources or manufactured products
D. they have failed to meet debt payments
4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cause of a trade imbalance?
A. Low labor and material costs in Asian countries. B. A lack of natural resources.
C. An underdeveloped industrial base. D. The high cost of exported items.
5. It can be inferred from this passage that American industries
A. do not pay their workers sufficient wages B. are hurt by trade imbalance
C. import labor and material from overseas
D. provide a strong industrial base that prevents a trade deficit.
56
Passage 4:
Last week I went to visit Atlantic College, an excellent private college in Wales. Unusually, it
gives people much needed experience of life outside the classroom, as well as the opportunity to
study for their exams. The students, who are aged between 16 and 18 and come from all over the
word, spend the morning studying. In the afternoon they go out and do a really useful activity, such
as helping on the farm, looking after people with learning difficulties, or checking for pollution in
rivers.
One of the great things about Atlantic College students is that they come from many different social
backgrounds and countries. As few can afford the fees of £20,000 over two years, grants are
available.
A quarter of students are British, and many of those can only attend because they receive
government help. “I really admire the college for trying to encourage international understanding
among young people", as Barbara Molenkamp, a student from the Netherlands, said. ''You learn to
live with people and respect them, even the ones you don't like. During the summer holidays my
mother couldn't believe how much less I argued with my sister."
To sum up, Atlantic College gives its students an excellent education, using methods which really
seem to work.
1.What is the writer trying to do in the text?
A. give an opinion about a particular student
B. give an opinion about a special type of education
C. describe the activities the students do in their free time
D. describe his own experience of education
2.What can a reader find out from this text?
A. how to become a student at Atlantic College B. what kind of programme Atlantic College
offers
C. what the British education system is like D. how to get along better with other people
3.What is the writer's opinion of Atlantic College?
A. It doesn't allow students enough study time. B. Its students are taught to like each other.
C. It doesn’t give good value for money. D. Its way of teaching is successful.
4.How has Barbara changed since being at Atlantic College?
A. She knows a lot about other countries.
B. She is more confident than her sister now.
C. She finds it easier to get on with other people.
D. She prefers her new friends to her family.
5.The word "argued" in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to_________.
A. quarreled B. respected C. admired D. regarded
READING COMPREHENSION KEYS
Passage 1 1C 2C 3A 4B 5B
Passage 2 1D 2B 3A 4C 5C
Passage 3 1B 2C 3C 4D 5B
Passage 4 1B 2B 3D 4C 5A

57
 Tuần Tiết Nội dung giảng dạy HKII
1 Part 12: Subject and Verb agreement
21 2 Part 12: Subject and Verb agreement (cont.)
3 Part 13 : Modals
22 4 Part 13 : Modals (cont.)
23 5 Part 14 : Common clauses and phrases
6 Part 14 : Common clauses and phrases (cont.)
7 Part 14 : Common clauses and phrases (cont.)
24 8 Part 14 : Common clauses and phrases (cont.)
9 Part 15 : Questions
25 10 Part 16 : Tag questions
11 Part 17 : Comparison
26 12 Part 17 : Comparison (cont.)
13 Part 18 : Phrasal verbs
27 14 Part 18 : Phrasal verbs (cont.)
15 Part 19 : Adverbial clauses of time
28 16 Part 19 : Adverbial clauses of time (cont.)
17 Part 20 : Finding mistakes (cont.)
29 18 Part 20 : Finding mistakes (cont.)
19 Part 21 : Communicative Sentences
30 20 Part 21 : Communicative Sentences (cont.)

Week: 21 - Period: 1,2 Class: 12A8

Date of teaching:
PART 12: SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT
I. Theory:
1. Danh từ (NOUN)
a. Danh từ số ít (Singular Noun)
- Danh từ không đếm được (uncountable noun)
Ex: food, milk, sugar, salt, fruit ...
- Danh từ theo sau A/ AN .. (không ở hình thức số nhiều)
Ex: a book, a box, an apples
b. Danh từ số nhiều (Plural Noun)
- Danh từ tận cùng là _S / _ES
Ex: books, boxes, apples, ...
c. Cách thành lập danh từ số nhiều: N (số ít) + S/ES N (số nhiều)
*Những danh những danh từ bất quy tắc cần nhớ

singular plural
child children

58
 man men
woman women
bacterium bacteria
ox oxen
person people

-Danh từ số nhiều nhưng hình thức số ít::

Ex: the police, children, women, cattle ...
- Danh từ số ít nhưng luôn có S:
1. Bệnh: measles (sởi), mumps (quai bị), rickets (còi xương), SARS, AIDS
2. Môn học: Mathematics, Physics, …
3. Thể thao: Gymnastics, billiars, ….
4. Quốc gia: The United States, The Phillipines..
5. Tổ chức: The United Nations…
2. Sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ (Subject and verb agreement)
* Quy tắc chung
Ssố ít+ Vsố ít
Ex: The student is learning English. The worker works very well.
Ssố nhiều + Vsố nhiều
Ex: The students are learning English. The workers work very well.

Để làm bài tập, cần phải xác định danh từ số ít và danh từ số nhiều, vì đa số danh từ thường làm chủ từ và
vận dụng theo qui tắc chung:
S(số ít) V(số ít) nhưng S(số nhiều) V(số nhiều)
Lưu ý: 1. not only + N1 + but also + N2
Either + N1 + or + N2 + V(N2) : động từ hòa hợp với danh từ gần nó.
Neither + N1 + nor + N2
2. A number of + N V (số nhiều) nhưng The number of + N V(số ít)
3. Ving / to V0 .... V(số ít)

EXERCISES
I. Give the correct form of the verbs in parentheses:
1. Neither Bill nor Mary __________ (be) going to the party tonight.
2. A number of reporters __________ (be) at the conference yesterday.
3. Everything __________ (be) all right so far.
4. Physics __________ (be) my best subject at school.
5. The United Nations __________ (consist) of about 160 nations.
6. Washing dishes __________ (be) women’s work.
7. The number of days in a week __________ (be) seven.
8. His answers to the questions __________ (change) so far.
9. There__________ (be) only a few people at the meeting last night.
10. Both of the girls__________ (be) pretty, but neither of them __________ (be) intelligent.
11. There __________ (be) a few flowers in this garden last summer.
12. Much progress__________ (have) been made in recent weeks.
13. Collecting old coins and paper notes __________ (be) one of my grandfather's hobbies when
he retired.
59
 14. Everybody__________ (try) to do the best at present.
15. The English __________ (like) to drink tea.
II. Choose the best answer:
1. Twenty dollars __________ the price.
A. are B. is C. being D. were
2. Neither Canada nor Mexico _______ that citizens of the United States have passports.
A. require B. requires C. requiring D. to require
3. Both Mary and Ellen as well as Jean ________ on the tour.
A. are going B. is going C. has been going D. was going
4. There ___________ ten people in line already when we arrived.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
5. Neither Tom nor his friend ____________ at the party last night.
A. were B. are C. had been D. was
6. Mathematics ___________ very interesting to me.
A. are B. have been C. is D. was
7. The police ________ for the criminal now.
A. is looking B. was looking C. are looking D. were looking
8. A number of workers __________ for a rise since last month.
A. ask B. asked C. have asked D. has asked
9. The number of students in this class _______ 40.
A. be B. is C. are D. have been
10. Everybody ___________ to do their best at present.
A. tries B. try C. is trying D. are trying
11. One of my friends_____________ an actress.
A. is B. were C. are D. B and C are correct
12. The heavy boxes in the corner of the room _____________ .
A. is mine B. was mine C. are mine D. are of mine
13. Playing video games _________ popular among children nowadays.
A. was B. is C. have been D. will be
14. A lot of housework ___________me very tired.
A. makes B. make C. are making D. have made
15. Each of the students____________ ready for the oral test.
A. is being B. are C. is D. have been
16. Neither the director nor his assistant ___________ yet.
A. has come B. have come C. hasn’t come D. haven’t come
17. What ________ the purpose of doing this?
A. were B. is C. will D. has
18. There _______ only a few people at the meeting last night.
A. was B. are C. had been D. were
19. You can use my phone if yours _________.
A. don’t work B. not to work C. doesn’t work D. not working
20. Exercise _________ your body and your mind.
A. are improved B. is improved C. improve D. improves
21. Collecting old coins and paper notes ____ my grandfather’s hobbies when he retired.
A. was B. are C. were D. has been
22. Five thousand dollars _________ a big sum.
A. were B. are C. is D. have been
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23. Economics ____________ the science of choice.
A. is B. are C. is being D. were
24. Fifty minutes ____________ enough to finish this test.
A. are not B. is not C. have not D. were not
25. The actress, along with her manager, __________ going to the party tonight.
A. is B. are
C. was D. we

61
26. Your glasses ___________ on the desk last night.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
27. Much progress _______ in recent weeks.
A. has made B. had made C. have been made D. has been made
Exercise 3:
1. Each of you …… responsible for this.
A. are B. being C. is D. be
2. Bill together with his brothers …… to the beach every morning.
A. going B. goes C. are D. gone
3. Either the monitor or the athletes …… to blame for the bad result.
A. be B. are C. is D. to be
4. Everyone …… with me about my plans.
A. agree B. agreeing C. disagree D. agrees
5. Tim as well as his relatives …… safe from the hurricane.
A. be B. is C. are D. being
6. The results of Dr. Frank’s experiment …… announced on TV last night.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
7. Fifty minutes …… the maximum length of time allowed for the exam.
A. is B. be C. are D. were
8. The cost of living …… over 10% in the last few years.
A. rises B. has risen C. rose D. is rising
9. A number of sheep …… eating grass now.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
10. Measles …… sometimes a serious disease.
A. is B. are C. being D. be
11. Making cakes and pies …… Mrs. Reed’s specialty.
A. are B. were C. is D. be
12. Plenty of milk …… consumed everyday.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
13. SARS …… an epidemic that kills many people in china.
A. are B. were C. have been D. is
14. The United States …… between Canada and Mexico.
A. lying B. lies C. lain D. lie
15. The students in the next classroom …… very loudly everyday.
A. talk B. talked C. are talking D. talks
Week: 22 - Period: 3,4 Class: 12A8
Date of teaching:
PART 13: MODAL VERBS
 may, might, can, could (chỉ khả năng – possibility)
-It may (=might = could) rain tomorrow
-I don’t know where Wendy is now. He could be at home.
-It might be warmer tomorrow.
-I don’t know what I am doing this weekend. I may go to the beach or I may stay home.
-Do you think you will get the job ? (not may or might)
-May I come in ? (ask for permission)
Should (lời khuyên, mong đợi)
-Henry should study tonight.
-One should exercise daily.
-It should rain tomorrow.
-My check should arrive next week.
Should have + Vp2 (lẽ ra nên)
62
 -She should have gone to the bank this morning.
-You shouldn’t have driven so carelessly.
Must
-(Phải – bắt buộc)
-This freezer must be kept at -20oC.
-(Chắc là – suy đoán lôgíc)
-John’s lights are out. He must be asleep.
-The grass is wet. It must be raining.
-You must fill in a form. (I’m telling you)
-You have to fill in a form. (That’s the rule)
-You mustn’t smoke in school. (a prohibition) You are not allowed to smoke in school
Must have + Vp2 (chắc hẳn đã)
-The streets are wet now. It must have rained last night.
-He passed the exams with flying colours. He must have studied very hard.
Need have + Vp2 (Lẽ ra không cần)
-We have a lot of food in the fridge. You needn’t have gone to market this morning.
may / might /can / could + have +Vp2 : có thể / có lẽ đã (dùng trong quá khứ)
EXERCISES
I: Complete the following sentences with “must not” và “need not”.
1. You ___________ ring the bell; I have a key.
2. We ___________ drive fast; we have a plenty of time.
3. We ___________ drive fast; there is a speed limit here.
4. Candidates ___________ bring books into the examination room.
5. You ___________ write to him for he will be here tomorrow.
6. We ___________ make any noise or we’ll wake the baby.
7. You ___________ do all the exercises. Ten sentences will be enough.
8. I want this letter typed but you ___________ do it today. Tomorrow will do.
9. You ___________ take anything out of the shop without paying for it.
10. You ___________ carry that parcel home yourself; the shop will send it.
II. Choose the best option for each sentence:
1. I’m not sure. I ___________ come a few minutes late.
A. may B. must C. mustn’t D. needn’t
2. Bring your umbrella. It ___________ rain later today.
A. must B. may C. mustn’t D. needn’t
3. “What are you doing this weekend?”
“I haven’t decided yet. I ___________ go on a picnic with my family.”
A. may B. may not C. must D. needn’t
4. “I didn’t have time for breakfast this morning.”
“You ____________ be very hungry now.”
A. might B. may C. mustn’t D. must
5. It’s quite urgent. You ___________ type the reports today.
A. must B. might C. needn’t D. would
6. Don’t worry if you’re a minute or two late. We ___________ be exactly on time for the meeting.
A. must B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may
7. Jane’s glasses are on the desk, so she ___________ be here.
A. must B. shall C. ought D. will
8. The gas tank is almost empty. We ______________ stop at the next service station.
A. mustn’t B. might C. needn’t D. had better
9. A person ______________ eat in order to live.
A. have to B. must C. should D. may
10. A person ____________ eat a balanced diet.
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 A. should B. ought C. may D. must
11. I don’t have enough money to take the bus, so I ______________ walk home.
A. should B. mustn’t C. have to D. needn’t
12. You ______________ eat these mushrooms. They are very poisonous.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. won’t
13. I can’t find my umbrella. I _____________ it in the restaurant last night.
A. must have left B. had left C. left D. might leave
14. I had a test this morning. I didn’t do it well. I ______________ last night.
A. should study B. must have studied C. should have studied D. must study
15. Tom goes to school very often, but he was absent yesterday. He ______________ ill.
A. must be B. must have been C. might be D. might have been.
III Choose the best option for each sentence:
1. You’ve been working non-stop for ten hours. You _____________ be really tired.
A. should B. must C. would rather D. ought to
2. The fortune teller predicted that _____________ inherit a big fortune before the end of this year.
A. will B. she will C. would D. she would
3. I’m feeling very tired this morning. I _____________ have stayed up late last night.
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. to stopping
4. You’d better _____________ working so hard.
A. stop B. to stop C. stopped D. to stopping
5. He helped her, but it was not necessary. He needn’t _____________ her.
A. help B. to help C. be helping D. have helped
6. “_____________ you like to play a game of tennis?” “I’d love to.”
A. Could B. Will C. Do D. Would
7. His letter is full of mistakes. He _____________ the mistakes carefully before sending it.
A. must have checked B. should have checked
C. could have checked D. can have checked
8. “I bought two bottles of milk.” “You _____________ have bought milk; we have heaps of it in the house.”
A. couldn’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. hadn’t
9. “I left my bike here and now it’s gone.” “Someone _____________ borrowed it.”
A. must have B. should have C. couldn’t have D. needn’t have
10. “Do you remember reading about it in the newspaper?” “No, I _____________ abroad at the time.”
A. must have been B. must be C. should be D. should have been
11. “The door was open.” “It _____________ been open. I had looked it myself and the key was in my pocket.”
A. mustn’t have B. must have C. can’t have D. shouldn’t have
12. The man was found unconscious at the foot of the cliff. He _____________ have fallen 200 meters.
A. needn’t B. must C. should D> mustn’t
13. “I heard their phone ringing.” “You _____________ phone ringing. They don’t have a phone.”
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
14. when I’ve passed my driving test, I _____________ hire a car from our local garage.
A. will have B. would be able to C. can be able to D. will be able to
15. When the fog lifts, we _____________ where we are.
A. could see B. will be able to see C. must have seen D. are seeing
16. You _____________ ring the bell; I have a key.
A. may not B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. couldn’t
17. You _____________ drink this; it’s poison..
A. must B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
18. Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They _____________ have sailed from South
America on drafts.
A. might B. must C. should D. had
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19. She felt ill and _____________ leave early.
A. has to B. must C. had to D. ought
20. I want this letter typed, but you _____________ do it today. Tomorrow you will do.
A. must B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t
21. “Did you hear me come in last night?” “No, I _____________ asleep.”
A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been
22. When I first went to England, I _____________ English, but I _____________ it.
A. can read / can’t speak B. can read / couldn’t speak
C. could read / couldn’t speak D. could read / can’t speak
23. The car plunged into the river. The driver _____________ out but the passengers were drowned.
A. is able to get B. could get C. was able to get D. can get
25. If you had to, _____________ you go without food and drink?
A. can B. could C. must D. will
26. I got lost and _____________ ask a policeman the way.
A. have to B. must have to C .had to D. would
27. We _____________ reheat the pie. We can eat it cold.
A. needn’t B. must C mustn’t D. should have
28. we _____________ forget to shut the lift gates.
A> should B. must C. mustn’t D. needn’t
29. The swimmer was very tired, but he _____________ the shore before he collapsed.
A. was able to reach B. can reach C. could reach D. has reached
30. If a letter comes for me, _____________ you please forward it to this address>
A. shall B. could C. must D. should
31. The shops here don’t deliver. We _____________ carry everything home ourselves.
A. might B. must C. have to D. used
32. If you go to a dentist with a private practice, you _____________ pay him quite a lot of money.
A. have to B. must have C. ought D. need
33. You _____________ talk to other candidates during the exam.
A. shan’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. hadn’t better
34. You had better _____________ your child so much money. It may spoil him.
A. not give B. not to give C. to not give D. don’t give
35. You can phone me, but I’d rather you _____________ it to me by email.
A. to send B. send C. sent D. should send
Week: 23,24 - Period: 5,6,7, 8
Date of teaching:
PART 14: COMMON CLAUSES AND PHRASES
A. CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION: (Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ)
I. Clauses of concession:
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ là mệnh đề phụ chỉ sự tương phản của 2 hành động trong câu. Mệnh
đề này thường bắt đầu bằng những từ nối như: Although, Even Though, though, No matter, Whatever…
Cấu trúc:
Although
Though S+V
Even though
Ex: (Al)though I don’t agree with him, I think he’s honest.
She went on walking (al)though she was terribly tired.
Even though I didn’t understand the words, I knew what he wanted.
(Even though dùng để nhấn mạnh sự tương phản)

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 No matter + who/ what / when / where / why / How(adj/adv) + S + V
What ever + (N) + S + V
Lưu ý: Mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng “No matter” hoặc “What ever” thường được đặt trước mệnh đề chính để
nhấn mạnh.
Ex: - Whatever exercises she had taken, she was still fat.
- No matter what she says, I don’t believe her.
II. Phrases of concession: Cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ thường được bắt đầu bằng in spite of, despite
Cấu trúc: In spite of + Noun/ Noun phrase/ Gerund phrase
Despite
Ex: - Despite his sickness, he still had to go to school.
- We went out in spite of the rain.
III. Other usages:
1. Sử dụng liên từ độc lập: Để chỉ sự tương phản ta có thể dùng liên từ độc lập như “BUT, YET”.
- BUT, YET được dùng giữa 2 câu ghép và trước BUT, YET phải có dấu phảy
Ex: She was terribly tired, but/yet she went on walking.
Lưu ý: không dùng chung Although với BUT và YET
2. Sử dụng từ nối (transition words): However, Nevertheless ( tuy nhiên). Các từ nối này được đặt ở đầu câu
thứ 2 (Trước However, Nevertheless có dấu chấm (.) hoặc chấm phảy (;), sau However, Nevertheless có dấu
phảy). Ngoài ra However, Nevertheless có thể được đặt ở giữa câu ( sau chủ ngữ) hoặc cuối câu nhưng được ngăn
cách với câu bằng dấu phảy.
Ex: - I washed my hands. However, they still looked dirty.
- I washed my hands. They, however, still looked dirty
- I washed my hands. They still looked dirty, however.
EXERCISES
I. Combine each pair of sentences into one, using the word given in brackets:
1. She can’t answer my question. She is very intelligent. (Although)
_______________________________________________________________________
2. His life is hard. He is determined to study well. (No matter)
_______________________________________________________________________
3. You do any job. You should do it devotedly. (Whatever)
_______________________________________________________________________
4. He got good jobs. He was not satisfied. (eventhough)
_______________________________________________________________________
5. He often tell lies. Many people believe him. (although)
_______________________________________________________________________
6. He does anything. He always tries his best. (No matter)
_______________________________________________________________________
7. She had taken many kinds of exercises. She was still putting on weight. (Whatever)
_______________________________________________________________________
8. He lived anywhere. He always thought of his homeland. (No matter)
_______________________________________________________________________
9. He is very rich. He isn’t happy. (although)
_______________________________________________________________________
10. He says anything. Nobody believe him (Whatever)
_______________________________________________________________________
II. Complete the following with BUT, EVEN THOUGH, NEVERTHELESS
1. Bob ate a large dinner. _________, he is still hungry.
2. Bob ate a large dinner, _________ he is still hungry.
3. Bob is still hungry _________ he ate a large dinner.
4. I had a lot of studying to do, __________________ I went to a movie anyway.
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5. __________________ I had a lot of studying to do, I went to a movie anyway.
6. I had a lot of studying to do. __________________, I went to a movie anyway.
7. I finished all of my work _________________ I was very sleepy.
8. I was very sleepy, _________________ I finished all of my work .
9. I was very sleepy. _________________, I finished all of my work.
Complete the following with YET, ALTHOUGH, HOWEVER
10. I washed my hands. _______________, they still looked dirty.
11. I washed my hands, __________________ they still looked dirty.
12. _____________I washed my hands, they still looked dirty.
13. Diana didn’t go how to swim, _______________ she jumped into the swimming pool.
14. _______________ Diana didn’t go how to swim, she jumped into the swimming pool.
15. Diana didn’t go how to swim. _______________, she jumped into the swimming pool.
16. Anna’s father gave her some good advice, ____________ she didn’t follow it.
17. Anna’s father gave her some good advice. ____________, she didn’t follow it.
18. ____________ Anna’s father gave her some good advice, she didn’t follow it.
III. Change clauses of concession to phrases.
1. He studied well though his life was hard at that time.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Although it rained heavily, I went to school on time.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. He didn’t stop his car though the traffic lights turned red.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. Although Jane was sad, she managed to smile.
_______________________________________________________________________
5. Tom always studies hard though he encouters difficulties.
_______________________________________________________________________
6. The flight was not delayed though it was foggy.
_______________________________________________________________________
7. Although it got dark, they continued to work.
_______________________________________________________________________
8. He did the test well though it was difficult.
_______________________________________________________________________
9. My mother doesn’t wear glasses though she’s over fifty.
_______________________________________________________________________
10. The plane took off though the weather was bad.
_______________________________________________________________________
IV. Choose the best anwser among (A, B, C, or D)
1. We’ll never give in __________ they may do or say.
A. although that B. no matter how C. despite D. whatever
2. ________ my father is old, he still goes jogging.
A. although B. Since C. Despite D. In spite of
3. _________ the rain, we postpone our picnic.
A. because B. because of C. although D. In spite of
4. He refused to give up work ______ he won a million pounds.
A. despite B. as though C. even though D. however
5. ________ it was raining heavily, he went out without a raincoat.
A. in spite B. in spite of C. However D. although
6. ________ the wet weather, the football match went ahead.
A. In spite of B. Although C. Though D. However
7. Although she is rich, she can’t afford to buy the car.
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 A. Rich like she is, she can’t afford to buy the car.
B. Rich as she is, she can’t afford to buy the car.
C. As rich she is, she can’t afford to buy the car.
D. As she is rich, she can’t afford to buy the car.
8. Despite feeling cold, we kept walking.
A. Although we felt cold, we kept walking.
B. Although we felt cold, but we kept walking.
C. Cold as we felt, we kept walking.
D. Both A & C are correct.
9. Although he took a taxi, Tom still arrived late for the concert.
A. Tom arrived late for the concert because he took a taxi.
B. Tom arrived late for the concert because of a taxi
C. In spite of taking a taxi, Tom still arrived late for the concert.
D. Although Tom took a taxi, He can’t come to the concert in time.
10. I’ll find that man no matter how long it takes.
A. It takes me a long time to find that man.
B. However long it may take, I’ll find that man.
C. I can’t find that man because it will take take a long time.
D. Although it took a long time, I could find that man.
11. ________ I meet her, she always wears a blue dress.
A. Whatever B. However C. Whoever D. Whenever
12. ________ comes, don’t open the door.
A. No matter what B. No matter who C. No matter how D. No matter whom
13. We can not see the road ________ the fog.
A. because B. although C. because of D. in spite of
14. These boys were punished ______ they went to school late.
A. because B. because of C. even though D. in spite of
15. ________ I tried, I could not finish my essay on time.
A. No matter hard B. No matter how hard
C. No matter harder D. No matter what hard
16. It was cold and wet. ________ Bob put on his swimming suit and went on the beach.
A. Therefore B. Despite C. Although D. Nevertheless
17. I can’t ride my bicycle ______ there isn’t any air in one of the tires.
A. despite B.because C. although D. but
18. I got to class on time __________ I had missed my bus.
A. even though B. nevertheless C. because D. despite
19. Brian used to be an active person, but now he has to limit his activities ____ problems with his heath.
A. nevertheless B. because of C. although D. in spite of
20. Some snakes are poisonous, _______ others are harmless.
A. but B. so C. for D. despite

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B. CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF REASON (mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ lí do)
I. Clauses of reason:
Mệnh đề chỉ lí do là mệnh đề phụ chỉ lí do hoặc nguyên nhân của hành động được nêu trong mệnh đề
chính.
Mệnh đề chỉ lí do thường được nối với mệnh đề chính bởi các liên từ (conjunction) như: Because, Since,
As ( Since và As thường được đặt ở đầu câu)
Cấu trúc:
Because/ since/ as + S + V
Ex:
- She didn’t go to class yesterday because she was seriously ill.
- Since / As she was seriously ill, she didn’t go to class yesterday
II. Phrases of reason:
Cấu trúc:
Because of
Due to + N / Noun phrase / Gerund phrase
Owning to
- The class was not in order because of the teacher’s absence.
- She didn’t go to class yesterday because of her serious illness.
- She didn’t go to class yesterday because of being seriously ill.
III. Các cách dùng khác:
1. Sử dụng liên từ độc lập : FOR (vì), SO (vì thế)
Chú ý: FOR, SO được dùng giống như BUT, YET.
Ex: - She didn’t go to class yesterday, for she was seriously ill.
- She was seriously ill, so she didn’t go to class yesterday
2. Sử dụng từ nối (transition words): therefore, consequently.
Therefore được dùng giống như however. Consequently thường được đặt ở đầu mệnh đề chỉ kết quả.
- She was seriously ill. Therefore, she didn’t go to class yesterday.
- She was seriously ill. She, therefore, didn’t go to class yesterday.
- She was seriously ill. She didn’t go to class yesterday, therefore
EXERCISES
I. Combine each pair of sentences, using “Because, Since, As”
1. Mary looks happy. She has just got good marks.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. A computer can be used for various purpose. It becomes very popular today.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. The burglars were able to break into his house. He has forgot to lock one of the windows.
________________________________________________________________________
4. The exercise is not easy. I shall have to consult my teacher.
_______________________________________________________________________
5. I didn’t come in time. There was a traffic jam.
_______________________________________________________________________
6. The teacher is sick. We’ll have no class tomorrow.
_______________________________________________________________________
7. He studies maths very hard. He wants to become a teacher of maths.
_______________________________________________________________________
8. Peter was worried. Mary was late.
_______________________________________________________________________
9. The T.V program was uninteresting. They went to bed early.
_______________________________________________________________________
10. I couldn’t answer all the oral questions well. I felt too nervous.
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_______________________________________________________________________
II. Complete the sentences with: because, therefore, because of:
1. ___________ it rained, we stayed home.
2. We decided to leave early __________ the party was boring.
3. Rescue attemps was temporarily halted ___________ the bad weather.
4. Paul may not go to the football game __________ his grades.
5. Bill’s car wouldn’t start. ____________, he couldn’t pick us for the concert.
6. They visited their friends often ___________ they enjoyed their company.
7. The residents moved the island _____________ the hurricane.
III. Change clause of reason to phrases:
1. The car crashed because the driver was careless.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. He walked slowly because his leg was badly hurt.
________________________________________________________________________
3. We didn’t go out because it rain heavily.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. She went to bed early because she felt tired.
_______________________________________________________________________
5. I can’t sleep because the weather is hot.
_______________________________________________________________________
6. My brother couldn’t sleep because he felt homesick.
_______________________________________________________________________
7. She didn’t make any mistakes in her answers because she was carefull.
_______________________________________________________________________
8. They stayed at home because it rained.
_______________________________________________________________________
9. The boy was punished because he behaved so badly.
_______________________________________________________________________
10. All the teachers love him because his conduct is good.
_______________________________________________________________________
IV. Choose the best anwser among (A, B, C, or D)
1. We couldn’t sleep last night ______ the noise next door.
A. although B. since C. because D. because of
2. I did it _______ they asked me to.
A. so B. because C. because of D. the reason
3. Daisy was late ______ her car was broken down.
A. because B. because of C. if D. whether
4. _____ he can’t afford a car, he goes to work by bicycle.
A. Because B. As C. Since D. All are correct.
5. They were sacked _____ their carelessness.
A. because B. because of C. although D. despite
6. The boy was punished _____ they went to school late.
A. because B. because of C. so D. although
7. “Peter was late for work because of the rain” means “_____”
A. The rain made Peter go to work late. B. The rain prevented Peter from going to work early.
B. A and B are correct. D. A and B are incorrect
8. The mother got angry because _______
A. her son’s bad behaviour B. her son will behave badly.
C. her son behaved badly D. her son bad behaving
9. He lost his job _____ his lazyness.
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 A. because B. because of C. if D. although
10. We couldn’t go out because the weather was so bad.
A. The weather was so bad but we went out.
B. If the weather were fine, we couldn’t go out.
C. Whatever weather we had, we couldn’t go out.
D.We couldn’t go out because of the bad weather.
CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF PURPOSE: ( Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ mục đích)
I. Phrases of purpose:
Nếu trong câu chỉ có 1 chủ ngữ, ta có thể dùng một cụm từ bắt đầu bằng:
- to
- in order to + infinitive phrase (V phrase)
- so as to

Ex: She studies English. She wants to talk to foreigners.

She studies English to talk to foreigners.
in order to talk to foreigners.
so as to talk to foreigners.
+ Nếu phủ định mục đích thì dùng cụm từ:
In order not to + V _phrase
So as not to
Ex: He got up early. He didn’t want to miss the train.
He got up early in order not to miss the train.
so as not to miss the train.
II. Clauses of purpose:
+ Nếu trong câu có 2 chủ ngữ khác nhau, ta phải dùng mệnh đề chỉ mục đích bắt đầu bằng: so that, in
order that, Lest (kẻo), For fear that (sợ rằng)
+ Cấu trúc:
So that + S + V (can/ could) + (not) + V
In order that
Ex:
I try my best to study English. I want to find a better job.
 I try my best to study English so that I can find a better job.
She hurried. She didn’t want to miss the bus.
 She hurried so that She wouldn’t miss the bus.
He spoke loudly. He wanted everybody to hear him.
 He spoke loudly so that everybody could hear him.
+ mệnh đề chỉ mục đích đi sau Lest/ for fear that thì có nghĩa phủ định ta dùng:
Lest / for fear that + should + V
- She hides the novel under her pillow lest (for fear that) her father should see it.
+ Thay vì nói: The robber changes his address all the time so that the police can’t find him.
+ Ta có thể nói: The robber changes his address all the time lest the police should find him.
EXERCISES
I. Use phrase or clause of purpose to combine each pair of the following sentences:
1. She went to the bookshop. She want to buy a dictionary.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. My brother is learning English . He can get a good job.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. My parents sent me to the USA. They wanted me to study computer there.
_______________________________________________________________________4. The teacher spoke
very slowly. He wanted his pupils to understand what he said.
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_______________________________________________________________________
5. Miss Hoa locked the door. She didn’t want to be disturbed.
_______________________________________________________________________
6. We turned out the lights. We didn’t want to waste electricity.
_______________________________________________________________________
7. They tried to do their job well. They wanted the boss to increase their salary.
_______________________________________________________________________
8. I’m learning English. I want to read books in English.
_______________________________________________________________________
9. My father drove carefully. He didn’t want to cause accidents.
_______________________________________________________________________
10. Please close the windows. I don’t want anybody to look at my house.
_______________________________________________________________________
11. The notices are written in several languages. Everyone may understand them.
_______________________________________________________________________
12. She needs a job. She wants to support her old parents.
_______________________________________________________________________
13. My sister wore warm clothes. She didn’t want to get cold.
_______________________________________________________________________
14. He’s studying hard. He want to keep pace with his classmates.
_______________________________________________________________________
15. These men were talking in whispers. They didn’t want anyone to hear their conversation.
_______________________________________________________________________
II. Change phrases of purpose to clauses of purpose and vice versa.
1. He climb the tree in order to get a better view.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Leave early so that you may get home before dark.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. She went to the library in order that she could borrow some books.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. He hurried to the station so as not to miss the train.
_______________________________________________________________________
5. I went to see him so that I would find out what had happened.
_______________________________________________________________________
6. I got up early so that I couldn’t be late for school.
_______________________________________________________________________
7. I shouted in order that I could warm everyone of danger.
_______________________________________________________________________
8. John is practising the guitar to play for the dance.
_______________________________________________________________________
9. We should do morning exercises regularly so as to improve our health.
_______________________________________________________________________
10. She put on warm clothes so that she couldn’t catch cold.
_______________________________________________________________________
11. He locked the door so as not to be disturbed.
_______________________________________________________________________
12. These women delay their child birth so that they can pursue a job in society.
_______________________________________________________________________
13. The clown took off his mark so as not to frighten the children.
_______________________________________________________________________
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14. We learn English so that we can have better communication with other people.
_______________________________________________________________________
15. She said nothing so as not to make him angry.
_______________________________________________________________________
III. Choose the best answer among A, B, C, or D
1. We set off early _______ we couldn’t get stuck in the traffic.
A. although B. so that C. because D. in case
2. Mary put on her scarf ______ she ________ get cold.
A. in order that/ will not B. so as to / would not
C. so that / would not D. to / will not
3. The school boys are in a hurry _____ they will not be late for school.
A. so as to B. to C. in order that D. for
4. He lighted the candle ____ I might read the note.
A. as long as B. because C. and D. so that
5. He had to explain the lesson very clearly ____ .
A. in order that his students to understand it. B. So that his students could understand it
C. So as his students to understand it D. So that his students to understand it
6. We have to start early ____ we won’t be late.
A. so that B. so as to C. because D. although
7. They went to the seaside _____ they wouldn’t be disturbed by the noise of the city.
A. in order that B. so that C. so as to D. A & B are correct
8. We stopped at a square _____ have a rest.
A. so as B. in order that C. in order to D. in order
9. My parents got up very early morning ____ pack the car for our journey.
A. so that B. in order that C. so as to D. so as
10. “I spoke slowly. The foreigners could understand me” means “____”
A. I spoke slowly so that the foreigners could understand me.
B. I spoke slowly in order to the foreigners could understand me.
C. I spoke slowly that the foreigners could understand me.
D. I spoke slowly to make the foreigners could understand me.
11. You may put your money in a small coin bank ________.
A. so that to keep it safe. B. so as not to keep it safe.
C. in order to keep it safe. D. not to keep it safe.
12. He studies very hard _____.
A. in order to fail the examination B. so as to pass the examination
C. so that to get knowledge. D. in order that he could be illiterate.
13. Be as clear as possible ___ there is no misunderstanding.
A. in order to B. so as to C. in order not to D. in order that
14. They were talking in whispers ____ nobody could hear them.
A. in order to B. so that C. in order that D. B & C are correct.
15. My mother needs a tin opener _____ this bottle.
A. to open B. in orther to open C. so as to open D. all are correct.

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D. CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF RESULT (mệnh đề va cụm từ chỉ kết quả)
1. Clause of result: (Mệnh đề chỉ kết quả) là mệnh đề phụ chỉ kết quả do hành đọng của mệnh đề chính gây ra.
Cấu trúc:
a) SO … THAT
S + V + So + ADJ/ADV + That + S + V
Ex: - The film is so interesting that I have seen it twice.
- He speaks so quickly that I can’t understand.
b) SUCH … THAT
S + V + Such +(a/an) + (ADJ.) + N + THAT + S +V
EX:
- It was such terribly hot weather that all of us felt tired.
- They are such naughty boys that nobody likes them.
2. Phrases of result: (Cụm từ chỉ kết quả) thường có “TOO” hoặc “ENOUGH”
a) TOO… TO (quá … không thể)
S + V + too + ADJ/ADV + (for + N/Phr) + To_V
Ex: - This exercise is too difficult for me to do.
- The coffee is too strong for him to drink.
b) ENOUGH … TO
S+ V + ADJ/ADV + Enough + (for + N/Phr) + TO_V
- That program is interesting enough for me to see.
- He is not old enough to drive a car.
S+ V + Enough + Noun + (for + N/Phr) + TO_V
- There are enough seats for the pupils (to sit).
- He hasn’t got enough money to buy a book.
EXERCISES
I. Combine each pair of sentences, using “so… that” or “such … that”
1. This is an interesting film. I want to see it again and again.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. The lesson is very difficult. Nobody can understand it.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. My brother was very excited about the trip. He couldn’t sleep.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. My sister has a beautiful voice. We all like to hear her sing.
_______________________________________________________________________
5. There was a lot of guests. There wasn’t enough food.
_______________________________________________________________________
6. There was a lot of food. Everyone ate too much.
_______________________________________________________________________
7. Tom is an intelligent boy. He is always at the top of his class.
_______________________________________________________________________
8. This is an expensive house. Nobody can buy it.
_______________________________________________________________________
9. The work is very hard. I can’t finish on time.
_______________________________________________________________________
10. This song is very simple. All of us can sing it.
_______________________________________________________________________
II. Use the construction “too… to” to rewrite the following sentences.
1. The box is so heavy that she can’t carry it.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. These shoes are very small. I can’t wear them.
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_______________________________________________________________________
3. It was so late that she couldn’t go home.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. She was so tired that she couldn’t eat.
_______________________________________________________________________
5. It is so cold that we can’t go out.
_______________________________________________________________________
6. The man is so rich that he can buy everything.
_______________________________________________________________________
7. My brother is so short that he can’t play football.
_______________________________________________________________________
8. This novel was so interesting that I couldn’t put it down.
_______________________________________________________________________
9. This soup is so hot that we can’t eat it.
_______________________________________________________________________
10. The room was so dark that I couldn’t see anything.
_______________________________________________________________________
III. Rewrite the following sentences, using “enough” instead of “too”
1. This shirt is too expensive for me to buy.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. The water in this pool is too dirty to drink.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. He studied too badly to pass his exam.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. The test was too difficult for them to do.
_______________________________________________________________________
5. This book is too dull to read.
_______________________________________________________________________
6. This room is too noisy for us to study.
_______________________________________________________________________
7. This bag is too heavy for her too carry.
_______________________________________________________________________
8. This road is too dangerous for her to go out at night.
_______________________________________________________________________
9. Your handwriting is too bad to read.
_______________________________________________________________________
10. My sister is too weak to run fast.
_______________________________________________________________________
IV. Choose the best answer among (a, b, c and d)
1. It is ____ city that he got lost.
A. a such big B. such big C. such a big D. a very big
2. There ___ in the universe that we can’t count them.
A. so much stars B. so many stars C. such stars many D. such stars much
3. He has ___ to do that he can’t go to the cinema with us.
A. so much work B. so many work C. such much work D. such a work
4. The film was ____ boring that we had left before the end.
A. such B. too C. so D. enough
5. Faraday’s father was ___ poor to send him to school.
A. so B. too C. much D. very
6. It took ___ time to learn this lesson.
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 A. so B. such C. so much D. so many
7. I’ve never seen ____ people in one place.
A. so much B. so many C. so much of D. so this many of
8. She is ___ to understand it.
A. too intelligent B. very prety C. enough ability D. too young
9. It is ___ book that just a few people like it.
A. so an old B. so old C. such an old D. such old
10. It was too late ___
A. to go for them to the party. B. because they go to the party.
C. so they go to the party D. for them to go to the party.
11. His lessons were ___ interesting. That no one felt bored with them.
A. too B. very C. so D. such
12. It was ___ that we went for a walk.
A. such beautiful weather B. no nice weather
C. so as beautiful night D. such a nice weather
13. They are ___
A. so lazy boys as they are punished. B. so lazy boys that they are punished
C. such lazy boys that they are punished D. such lazy that they are punished
14. I’m ___ I can’t keep my eyes open.
A. so tired that B. such a tired C. too tired that D. very tired that
15. It’s was ___ a boring speech that I felt sleep. nobody could understand it.
A. so B. too C. very D. such
16. It was ___ that nobody could understand it.
A. he lesson so difficult B. so a difficult lesson.
C. such a difficult lesson D. the lesson such difficult
17. The film was ___ through.
A. too long for us to see. B. too long for us seeing
C. very too long for us to see it D. too long enough for us to see
18. The fog was ___ thick that we could hardly seee the road.
A. such B. so C. very D. too
19. I’m too tired ___ anything.
A. for doing B. do C. done D. to do
20. The fog was so thick that our flight was cancelled.
A. The fog was quite thick, but the plane still took off.
B. Despite the fog, the plane took off.
C. Our flight was cancelled because the fog was quite thick.
D. We had a nice flight in such thick fog.
Week: - Period:
Date of teaching:
PART 15: QUESTIONS
@ WH - QUESTIONS:

INTERROGATIVE WORDS MEANINGS EXAMPLES

- What do you study English for?
What … for? - hỏi mục đích
o To get a good job.
- What is the weather like?
What + be + like? - như thế nào
o It’s sunny.
- What does he look like?
What + … + look like? - hỏi ngoại hình
o He’s tall and thin with blue eyes.

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 - What time is it?
What time / color / kind...? - hỏi giờ, màu sắc, loại
o It’s 7 o’clock.
- Which do you prefer, coffee or tea?
Which…? - lựa chọn
o Coffee.
- như thế nào / phương - How do you go to school?
How…?
tiện / cách thức o By bicycle.
How much / many …? - bao nhiêu - How many people are there in your family?
o Four people.
How old …? - bao nhiêu tuổi - How old are you?
o I’m 18 years old.
How far…? - bao xa - How far is it from here to the post office?
o Two kilometres.
How long…? - bao lâu - How long does it take you to go to school?
o 25 minutes.
How often…? - thường xuyên - How often do you go shopping?
o Twice a month.
- Why do you study English?
Why…? - tại sao o Because I want to get a good job in
the future.
- When were you born?
When…? - khi nào
o In 1993.
- Where do you live?
Where…? - ở đâu
o In Long Xuyen.
Exercise 1: Make questions for the underlined words or phrases
1. The dictionary is 200,000dong.
...............................................................................................................................................
2. I made it from a piece of wood.
................................................................................................................................................
3. She bought it at the shop over there.
................................................................................................................................................
4. No, I wasn’t. (I was tired after the trip.)
................................................................................................................................................
5. It took her three hours to finish the composition.
................................................................................................................................................
6. I need a phone card to phone my parents.
................................................................................................................................................
7. It’s about 1,500 km from Hue to Ho Chi Minh City.
................................................................................................................................................
8. The bank is opposite the restaurant.
................................................................................................................................................
9. The dress looked very nice.
................................................................................................................................................
10. I saw her last night.
................................................................................................................................................
11. Her neighbor gave her a nice dress.
................................................................................................................................................
12. They returned to America two weeks ago.
................................................................................................................................................
13. Mrs. Robinson bought a poster.

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................................................................................................................................................
14. My father was in Ha Noi last month.
................................................................................................................................................
15. He traveled to Nha Trang by coach.
................................................................................................................................................
16. She went to the doctor because she was sick.
................................................................................................................................................
17. Nam left home at 7 o'clock yesterday.
................................................................................................................................................
18. He taught English in the high school.
................................................................................................................................................
19. The homework was very difficult yesterday.
................................................................................................................................................
20. She often does the housework after doing exercises.
...........................................................................................................
Exercises 2: Choose the best answer a, b, c or d?
1. Do you know ___ language is spoken in Kenya?
a. which b. who c. what d. how
2. ___ is your blood type?
a. which b. who c. what d. how
3. ___ do you play tennis? For exercise.
a. which b. who c. what d. how
4. ___ can I buy some milk? At the supermarket.
a. which b. who c. where d. how
5. ___ much do you weigh?
a. which b. who c. what d. how
6. ___ hat is this? It's my brother's.
a. which b. whose c. what d. how
7. ___ can I park my car? Over there.
a. where b. who c. what d. how
8. ___ tall are you?
a. which b. who c. what d. how
9. ___ do you expect me to do?
a. which b. who c. what d. how
10. ___ do you like your tea? I like it with cream and sugar.
a. which b. who c. what d. how
11. ___ picture do you prefer, this one or that one?
a. which b. who c. what d. how
12. ___ is that woman? - I think she is a teacher.
a. which b. who c. when d. how
13. ___ book is this? It's mine.
a. which b. who c. whose d. how
14. ___ do you usually eat lunch? At noon.
a. which b. when c. what d. how
15. ___ you wash clothes every week?
a. which b. who c. what d. how
16. ___ does your father work? At City Hall.
a. where b. who c. what d. how
17. ___ usually gets up the earliest in your family?

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a. which b. who c. what d. how
18. ___ do you think of this hotel? It's pretty good.
a. which b. why c. what d. how
19. ___ does your father work at that company? Because it's near our house.
a. which b. who c. why d. which
20. ___ dances the best in your family?
a. which b. who c. what d. how
Week: - Period:
Date of teaching:
PART 16: TAG QUESTIONS
1-The boy could play the guitar, couldn’t he ? (hai thể trái ngược nhau, not phải viết tắt, thay danh từ bằng đại
từ.)

2-No one saw him, did they ? (có no không dùng not, no one / nobody / someone / somebody / everyone
/ everybody thay bằng they. Something / nothing / everything thay bằng it ) She seldom
visits him, does she ?

3-I think / suppose you’ve finished your work, haven’t you ? (Mđ 1có I think, suppose, expect, believe,
imagine, see, feel… thì chỉ sử dụng MĐ 2)
Nhưng She thinks you will come, doesn’t she ?
-It seems that you are right, aren’t you ?
4-This / that is her book, isn’t it ? (thay this / that bằng it)
5-Let’s go to the cinema, shall we ? (lời mời)
-Let us use the phone, will you ? (câu mệnh lệnh)
-Let me help you do it, may I ? (đề nghị giúp người khác)
-Open the door, will you ? / Don’t be late, will you ? (câu mệnh lệnh)
6-I’m his brother, aren’t I ?
7- There’s someone at the door, isn’t there ?

DẠNG KHÓ :
8-That man used to smoke a lot, didn’t he ? / He’d better go to bed early, hadn’t he ?
-She’d rather stay home, wouldn’t she ? (sau ’d là rather, like , love thì ’d là WOULD)
9-I wish to study English, may I ?
10-One can be one’s master, can’t you / one ?
11-They must study hard, needn’t they ? (must chỉ sự cần thiết)
-You mustn’t come late, must you ? (must chỉ sự cấm đoán)
-He must be a very intelligent student, isn’t he / mustn’t he ? (must chỉ sự dự đoán ở hiện tại,
dựa vào động từ sau must)
-You must have stolen my bike, haven’t you ? (must have +Vp2 chỉ sự dự đoán trong quá
khứ, dùng have or has)
12-What you have said is wrong, isn’t it ?
13-Why he killed himself seems a secret, doesn’t it ?
14-What a beautiful dress, isn’t it ? / How intelligent you are, aren’t you ?
-What a stupid boy, isn’t he ?
I. Complete the following questions by adding the tag questions.
1. Dinosaurs became extinct millions of years ago, ………………………..…?
2. Mary’s very pretty. She’s got beautiful eyes, …………………………..?
3. You haven’t seen Mary today, …………………………..?
4. Take these flowers to her office, ……………………..?
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 5. Each of the boys has a book now, ……………………….?
6. Let’s go for a walk, …………………………..?
7. I shouldn’t have lost my temper, ………………………..?
8. Nam won’t mind if I use his phone, …………………………..?
9. The poor living here need help, …………………….?
10. He’d never met her before, ………………………….?
11. Ann’s applied for the job, ……………………………?
12. I think you’ve seen this one before, ………………………?
13. That’s a lovely picture of Sally. She looks just like Mary, …………………?
14. We’ll be going there again next year, …………………..?
15. There aren’t many people here yet, …………………..?
16. You don’t know where Karen is, ………………………….?
17. In Britain many children have to wear uniform when they go to school, ………...?
18. Don’t forget to keep in touch with us, ………………….?
19. I’m expected to do well in my schooling, …………………………?
20. Neither of them offered to help you, ……………………….?
II. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following sentences.
21. There was a lot of traffic here, ………………..?
A. wasn’t there B. was there C. was it D. wasn’t it
22. You can’t get me some stamps, …………………..?
A. can’t you B. cannot you C. can you D. you can
23. Noone likes snakes, ……………………?
A. doesn’t he B. do they C. don’t they D. doesn’t she
24. This photogragh was taken in Scotland, ……………………….?
A. wasn’t this B. was this C. was it D. wasn’t it
25. The English like tea, ………………………?
A. do they B. doesn’t it C. doesn’t he D. don’t they
26. You’ve had your hair cut, ………………………?
A. haven’t you B. have you C. hadn’t you D. don’t you
27. Don’t be late for school, …………………………?
A. do you B. don’t you C. won’t you D. will you
28. I’m too impatient, …………………………?
A. am not I B. aren’t I C. am I D. aren’t you
29. She’s funny. She’s got a great sense of humour, …………………….?
A. isn’t she B. hasn’t she C. doesn’t she D. is she
30. Visitors should help to preserve and protect national parks, ………………..?
A. should they B. didn’t they C. shouldn’t they D. shouldn’t visitors
31. Let’s go out for dinner tonight, ……………………….?
A. shall we B. shan’t we C. we shall D. will you
32. There used to be a lot of trees here, ……………………?
A. didn’t there B. wasn’t there C. weren’t there D. didn’t they
33. The number of rare animals is decreasing so rapidly, ……………………….?
A. aren’t they B. isn’t it C. is it D. are they
34. These are mine, ……………………..?
A. aren’t these B. are these C. they aren’t D. aren’t they
35. That must be Jenny’s father, ……………………….?
A. must it B. mustn’t that C. mustn’t it D. mustn’t he
36. The house is empty. There’s nobody living there, ………………………….?
A. isn’t it B. isn’t there C. is there D. there is
37. I’ll have to go shopping. We’ve got hardly any food, ……………………..?
A. won’t I B. haven’t we C. have we D. did we
38. Ann has to get up early every morning, ……………………..?
A. hasn’t she B. doesn’t she C. didn’t she D. doesn’t Ann
39. We took this one on holiday, ………………………?

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 A. didn’t we B. did we C. don’t we D. do we
40. Hardly anybody passed the examination, …………………….?
A. didn’t they B. did they C. didn’t he D. didn’t she
41. No one is better cook than his mother, ______?
A. is she B. isn't she C. are they D. aren’t they
42. Do it right now, ______?
A. will you B. shall you C. do you D. don't you
43. There are no easy ways to learn a foreign language, ______?
A. are they B. are there C. aren't they D. aren't there
44. He seldom goes to the library, ______?
A. doesn’t he B. is he C. does he D. isn’t he
45. Let's go for a long walk, ______?
A. will we B. shall we C. don't you D. do you
46. I think he will join us, ______?
A. doesn't he B. won't he C. will he D. don't I
47. Somebody has left these socks on the bathroom floor, ______ ?
A. have they B. haven't they C. has he D. hasn't he

Week: - Period:
Date of teaching:
PART 17: COMPARISONS
1. Short, Long and Special adjectives/ adverbs:
a/ Short adjectives: are adjectives with
- one syllable: long , short, big, hot, fat ..
- two syllables with the endings: - y. E.g: happy, lazy, busy, .......
 Short adverbs: are adverbs with one syllable: hard, late, soon, ... and the adverb “early”
b/ Long adjectives: Two syllables up, and those ended with –ed.
E.g: careful, beautiful, hard-working, careless, complicated, bored…
* Note: Adjectives ended with -er, -le, -ow, and -et, are considered both short and long ones.
E.g: clever, simple, narrow, quiet, …
 Long adverbs: are adverbs with two syllables up EXCEPT FOR early and badly
c/ Special adjectives/ adverbs: are those whose comparative pattern are different from that of Short and Long
adjectives/ adverbs. This group consists of: good, bad, well, ill, old, far (adj), and well, badly, far, little, much
(adv)
2. Degrees of comparisons:
1. Equal degree  S1 + be/ V + as + adj / adv + as + S2 + aux
E.g: He is as old as my father.
He drives as carefully as I (do).
 S1 + negative V + as/so + adj/adv + as + S2 + aux
Unequal degree E.g: He is not as/so old as my father.
He doesn’t drive as/so carefully as I (do).
2. Comparatives  S1 + be/ V + adj/ adv (short) + er + than + S2 + aux
E.g: You are thinner than he (is).
He runs faster than I (do).
 S1 + V + more + adj/ adv (long) + than + S2 + aux
E.g: He is more intelligent than I (am).
He drives more carefully than I (do).
3. Superlatives  S + be/V + the + adj/ adv (short) + est
E.g: Nam is the tallest student in my class.
Cheetah runs (the) fastest in the world.
 S + be/ V + the most + adj/ adv(long)
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 E.g: He is the most intelligent student in my class.
Of the students in my class, Nam speaks English (the) most fluently.
4. Double  The adj/ adv (comparative) + S + V, the + adj/ adv (comparative) + S + V
comparatives (càng… càng…)
E.g: The more beautiful she is, the more modest she becomes.
The harder he studies, the wiser he becomes.
 More and more + adj/ adv (long)
Adj/ adv (short) + er and adj (short) + er: càng ngày càng ...
E.g: Life in the city is more and more stressful.
They work harder and harder.
5. Less & Least  S1 + be/ V + less + adj/ adv + than + S2
comparisons  S + be/ V + the least adj/ adv
E.g: This film is less interesting than the one I saw yesterday.
He works least effectively in our group.
6. Comparions  S1 + V + as many/ much + N as S2 + aux
with nouns S1 + negative V as/ so few/ little + N as S2 + aux
E.g He earns as much money as I do.
I don’t have as/ so many friends as he does.
 S1 + V + more/ fewer/ less + N + than S2 + aux
E.g He has collected more stamps than I have.
I have collected fewer stamps than he has.
 S + V + most/ fewest/ least + N
E.g I have least free time in my family.
* Note: 1/ We use equal degree when we want to emphasize how many times this object is more than that one.
E.g: Her husband is twice as old as she (is).
2/ We use emphatic words like: much, a lot, far, slightly, a bit, no, any, ... before comparatives.
E.g: Her husband is much/ far/ a lot/... older than her.
Special adjectives/ adverbs:
No Equal degree Comparative Superlative Meaning
1. bad/badly/ ill worse worst Tồi, dở/ ốm yếu
2. good/ well better best Tốt, giỏi
3. much more most Nhiều
4. little less least Ít
5. far farther/ further farthest/ furthest Xa (distance) / Rộng (range)
6. old older/ elder oldest/ eldest Già, cũ (for all)/ (brother/ sister)
E.g: Ms Anh is better at cooking than Ms Nhung.
EXERCISES
I. Complete the following sentences by applying comparisons
1. David is ____________(old) than John.
2. That mountain is the ___________ (high) in Europe.
3. This sentence is ___________________(difficult) than the first one.
4. Manchester is the _______________(friendly) city in England.
5. My dog is ______________(good) than yours.
6. The Mona Lisa is one of the _____________(famous) paintings in the world.
7. The weather is _______________(fine) than it was yesterday.
8. The is the ________________ (good) of the four pens.
9. This river is ______________(deep) than that river.
10. The Manhattan is one of the ________________(expensive) restaurants in this city.
II Give the correct form of the adjectives and adverbs in brackets:
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1. This chair is ..........................………………….. than that one. (comfortable)
2. Your flat is .....................………....... than mine. (large)
3. The weather today is ........................……… than it was yesterday. (hot)
4. The Nile is the ........................……………………….. river in the world. (long)
5. Chinese bicycles are ................…........……………….. than Japanese ones. (bad)
6. Mathematics is ........................…………………...….. than English. (difficult)
7. Ho Chi Minh is the ............................………………. city in Viet Nam. (big)
8. He drives ................................. .. ……………than his friend. (careful)
9. She sings ........................……………………….. in this school. (beautiful)
10. I read ............................……………………….. than my sister. (slow)
11. Grace is ...........................………………….. girl in our class. (old)
12. This exercise is .........................…….…………..than that one. (easy)
13. He is twice .........................…….…………..as you. (fat)
14. Nam is .........................…….………….. student of all. (noisy)
15. My cold is .........................…….………….. today than it was yesterday. (good)
II. CHOOSE THE BEST OPTION
1. She considers him __________ person that she has ever met.
A. most attractive B. more attractive than C. as attractive D. the most attractive
2. The __________ I got to know you, the _________ I understand you
A. most; least B. more; less C. much; little D. most; less
3. Lan is the _________ of the three brothers. Tan is his _________ brother.
A. younger; older B. youngest; older C. younger; eldest D. youngest ; eldest
4. The ___________ the speech, the ____________ the people got.
A. longer; more sleepy B. longest; sleepy C. long; most sleepy D. longest; most sleepy.
5. The teacher said that I had done my work ______ than anyone else in class.
A. worse B. bad C. worst D. as bad
6. Maria is ______ than her sister.
A. much pretty B. more pretty C. much more pretty D. prettier.
7. The president is ________ than he looks .
A. little nervous B. more nervous C. as nervous D. most nervous
8. The economic conditions today are____________ they were in the past.
A. the best than B. much better C. much more good D. much better than
9. That was _______ delicious meal I’ve ever had for a long time.
A. the most B. the more C. the less D. the little
10. Jim didn’t do _______ in his examination as he has hoped.
A . more well B. most well C. so well D. less well
11. The situation was much _________ than we expected.
A. worse B. badder C. worst D. gooder
12. The ________ accident in the history of the city occurred last night on the Free way.
A. worse B. badest C. worst D. most bad
13. He ran ________ than his friends.
A. fast B. very faster C. more fast D. faster
14. Peter likes Mathematics _________ English.
A. more B. more good than C. the most than D. better than.
15. Their house is _______ beautiful than mine.
A. as B. more C. much D. so
III. Choose the best option to complete the following sentences:
1. The more she smiles , ................ she becomes.
A. more graceful B. the most graceful C. most graceful D. the more graceful
2. Hotels have developed …………………… restaurants.
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A. as rapidly as B. so rapidly as C. as rapid as D. more rapid
3. Can Tho bridge is the …………………… one in the South of Viet Nam.
A. long B. shortest C. longest D. longer
4. Albert Einstein’s contributions to scientific theory were ................ those of Galileo and Newton.
A. important than B. more important C. the most important D. as important as
5. Impalas cannot move as ................ cheetahs but they are more efficient runners.
A. faster than B. fast as C. fast D. are fast as
6. Both are informative articles, but this one is ................ .
A. best B. the best C. most D. better
7. She is the .………… girl in our town.
A. more beautiful B. beauty C. most beautiful D. more beautifully
8. The harder you learn.............
A. The better is your English B. The better will be your English
C. The better becomes your English D. The better your English will be
9. Jim is the ................. in his class.
A. clever B. cleverest C. cleverer D. more clever
10. Of the two shirts, this one is ...................
A. the prettiest B. the most pretty C. prettier D. the prettier
11. Your house is ................. mine.
A. as bigger as B. many times as big as C. much big as D. not many times big
12. Last year it wasn’t as cold as this year.
A. This year it is as colder than last year. B. This year it is colder than last year.
C. This year it isn’t as cold as last year. D. This year it isn’t colder than last year.
13. She is older than me.
A. I’m more younger than her. B. I’m as younger as her.
C. I’m more young than her. D. I’m younger than her.
14. The test is not …………………
A. as difficult as it was last month. B. so difficult as it was last month
C. more difficult as it was last month. D. Both A & B are correct
15. The Nile River is ………………… of all.
A. longer B. the longest C. long D. longest
16. .................. we read, .................. we know.
A. The most/ the most B. The more/ the more C. Most/ most D. More/ more
17. It gets ................... Let’s go swimming.
A. hot and hot B. the more hot C. more and more hot D. hotter and hotter
18. Peter usually drives .................. Mary.
A. more fast B. more fast than C. more fast D. faster
19. The problem seems to be ..................
A. more serious B. more serious than C. more serious as D. more and more serious
20. Peter can not earn .................. his wife.
A. as many money as B. as much money as C. as many money than D. as much money than
21. Prices get ..................
A. high and high B. highest and highest C. more and more high D. higher and higher
22. The more manufacturers advise, .................. they sell.
A. the most products B. the products more C. the more products D. most products
23. ................. a car is ................. it is.
A. The more expensive/ the comfortabler B. The most expensive/ the most comfortable
C. The more expensive/ the more comfortable D. The less expensive/ the more comfortable
24. Of the five students. Mary is .................
A. more intelligent B. the more intelligent C. most intelligent D. the most intelligent
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25. Steel is ................ than wood.
A. more heavy B. as heavy C. heavier D. more heavier
26. A super market is …………………… a shopping center.
A. less convenient as B. less convenient than
C. not so convenient than D. the most convenient as
27. Viet Nam becomes …………………… to foreign tourists.
A. more and most attractive B. the more attractive
C. much and more attractive D. more and more attractive
28. This car is …………………… than mine.
A. less expensive B. as expensive C. expensive D. not so expensive
29. Tim’s grades are …………………… than John.
A. worse B. worst C. as bad D. so bad
30. The …………………… we start, the sooner we will be back.
A. early B. earliest C. earlier D. more early
IV Complete the sentences using “Double” Comparatives
1. It’s becoming …………………..……… to find a job (hard)
2. The hole in your pullover is getting …………………..……… (big)
3. My bags seemed to get …………………..………as I carried them (heavy)
4. As I waited for my interview, I became …………………..………(nervous)
5. As the day went on the weather got …………………..……… (bad)
6. Travelling is becoming …………………..………(expensive)
7. As the conversation went on, he became …………………..………… (talkative)
8. Since she has been in England, her English has got …………….(good)
Week: - Period:
Date of teaching:
PART 18: PHRASAL VERBS
A phrasal verb is essentially a verb and one or two additional particles
EX: look for, look after, look up, look forward to, look down on …
There are four types of phrasal verbs. These are as belows:
1. Type 1 = verb + adverb (no object)
The verb and adverb cannot be separated and there is no passive form in this type.
EX: break down = stop working
The car broke down and we had to walk.
2. Type 2 = verb + adverb + object
or: verb + object + adverb
EX: Put off = postpone
We must put off the meeting for another week.
We must put the meeting off for another week
If the object is a pronoun the adverb must come after the object
We must put it off for another week
But not:
We must put off it for another week. (wrong sentence)
3. Type 3 = verb + preposition + object
The preposition cannot be separated from the verb.
EX: take after = be similar to older relative (resemble)
He takes after his mother.
He takes after her.
But not:
He takes his mother after.
He takes her after.
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4. Type 4 = verb + adverb + preposition + object
EX: put up with = tolerate
I can’t put up with his behaviour any more
I can’t put up with it any more
SOME COMMON PHRASAL VERBS ( MỘT SỐ CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ THƯỜNG GẶP )
1. catch up / catch up with : bắt kịp , theo kịp .
2. cool off ( nhiệt tình ) nguội lạnh đi , giảm đi .
3. fall behind : thụt lui , tụt lại đằng sau .
4. fill in : điền vào , ghi vào .
5. get over : vượt qua, khắc phục = recover from
6. get up : thức dậy .
7. give in : nhượng bộ , chịu thua .
8. give up = stop : từ bỏ , bỏ
9. go away : biến mất , tan đi .
10. go in : vào , đi vào .
11. go off ( chuông ) : reo , ( sung , bom ) : nổ , ( sữa ) : chua, hỏng , ( thức ăn ) : ươn, thối , ( đèn ) tắt , (
máy móc ) : hư = explore
12. go on = continue : tiếp tục ** go over : xem xét
13. go out ( ánh sáng , lửa , đèn ) : tắt
14. go up : lớn lên , trưởng thành = grow up , ( giá cả) : tăng lên
15. go down : (giá cả) : giảm xuống
16. go after : theo đuổi
17. go by ( thời gian ) : trôi qua
18. hold up = stop =delay : hoãn lại , ngừng
19. hurry up : làm gấp
20. keep up with : theo kịp , bắt kịp .
21. lie down : nằm nghỉ
22. look after : chăm sóc
23. look up : tìm , tra cứu ( trong sách , từ điển )
24. look for : tìm kiếm
25. put on : mặc ( quần áo ) , mang ( giày ) , đội ( mũ) , mở ( đèn )
26. speak up : nói to , nói thẳng
27. take after = resemble : giống
28. take off : cởi ( quần áo , giày , mũ ) ; (máy bay) cất cánh
29. try out : thử )
30. turn off : khóa , tắt ( đèn , máy móc , động cơ …)
31. turn round : quay lại , thay đổi hướng
32. try on : mặc thử ( quần áo)
33. turn on : mở ( đèn , máy móc , động cơ …)
34. turn up : đến = arrive = appear ( xuất hiện )
35. wait up ( for ) : thức đợi ai
36. wash up : rửa bát đĩa .
37. watch out : đề phòng , chú ý
38. Put off= delay/ pospone
39. look out = be careful
40. look at : nhìn
EXERCISES
I Choose the best option
1. It is generally accepted that in today's society women have access ________ education and can promote
themselves much more easily than years ago.
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 a. to b. up c. on d. for
2. It took women a long time to struggle ________ the right to vote.
a. for b. with c. against d. upon
3. I think women are suited ________ many important things, besides childbearing and homemaking.
a. of b. on c. for d. about
4. Women are increasingly involved ________ the public life.
a. of b. in c. with d. from
5. If you have an old blanket, ________ it along so that we have something to sit on at the beach.
a. bring b. go c. put d. keep
6. Although the team was both mentally and physically exhausted, they ________ on walking.
a. stopped b. kept c. took d. put
7. Before the plane ________ off, the flight attendant told everyone to fasten their seat belts and put their
chairs in an upright position.
a. woke b. brought c. kept d. took
8. Don't forget to ________ your gloves on. It is cold outside.
a. let b. make c. put d. fix
9. If you don't pay your rent, your landlord is going to kick you out!
a. lend you some money b. play football with you
c. give you a kick d. force you to leave
10. Yesterday I ran into Sam at the grocery store. I had not seen him for years.
a. met b. visited c. said goodbye to d. made friends with
11. Let's go over that report again before we submit it.
a. dictate b. print c. read carefully d. type
12. I will not stand for your bad attitude any longer.
a. like b. tolerate c. mean d. care
13. Everything is _______ you. I cannot make _______ my mind yet.
a. out off / on b. up to / up c. away from / for d. on for / off
14. There is no food left. Someone must have eaten it _______.
a. out b. up c. off d. along
15. The explorers made a fire to _______ off wild animals.
a. get b. keep c. take d. go
16. If something urgent has _______ up, phone me immediately and I will help you.
a. picked b. come c. kept d. brought
17. The passengers had to wait because the plane ______ off one hour late.
a. took b. turned c. cut d. made
18. Be careful! The tree is going to fall.
a. Look out b. Look up c. Look on d. Look after
19. The organization was established in 950 in the USA.
a. come around b. set up c. made out d. put on
20. Within their home country, National Red Cross and Red Crescent societies assume the duties and
responsibilities of a national relief society.
a. take on b. get off c. go about d. put in
21. The bomb exploded in the garage; fortunately no one hurt.
a. put on b. went off c. got out d. kept up
22. They had to delay their trip because of the bad weather.
a. get through b. put off c. keep up with d. go over
23. It took me a very long time to recover from the shock of her death.
a. turn off b. take on c. get over d. keep up with
24. He did not particularly want to play any competitive sport.
a. use up b. do with c. take up d. go on
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25. I am tired because I went to bed late last night.
a. stayed up b. kept off c. put out d. brought up
26. She got _______ her car to pick _______ some wild flowers.
a. from / on b. in / at c. off / up d. out / for
27. The customer had tried ____ some blouses but none of them suited her.
a. at b. with c. in d. on
28. If I get this report finished I will knock _______ early and go to the pub for some drink.
a. up b. over c. on d. off
29. Boy! _______ away all your toys and. go to bed right now.
a. Come b. Lie c. Put d. Sit
30. I have been trying to ring him up all day and I could not ______ through.
a. get b. take c. look d. hang
31. The water supply of the building was ______ off because the pipes burst.
a. handed b. held c. cut d. paid
32. How are you _______ on with your work? - It is OK.
a. calling b. getting c. laying d. looking
33. Did your son pass the university entrance examination?
a. make up b. get along c. go up d. get through
34. What may happen if John will not arrive in time?
a. go along b. count on c. keep away d. turn up
35. Johnny sometimes visits his grandparents in the countryside.
a. calls on b. keeps off c. takes in d. goes up
36. They decided to postpone their journey till the end of the month because of the epidemic.
a. take up b. turn round c. put off d. do with
37. The stranger came ___ me and asked, "Is there a post office near here?"
a. on to b. away from c. out of d. up to
38. Frankly speaking, your daughter does not take _______ you at all.
a. after b. along c. up d. over
39. She is not really friendly. She does not get on well ____ her classmates.
a. from b. with c. for d. to
40. I would be grateful if you kept the news _______ yourself. Do not tell anyone about it.
a. from b. to c. for d. at
41. I do not use those things any more. You can _______ them away.
a. get b. fall c. throw d. make
42. They were late for work because their car _______ down.
a. got b. put c. cut d. broke
43. The authority _______ down that building to build a supermarket.
a. knocked b. came c. went d. fell
44. My husband spends far more time helping our three kids ________ homework and studying for tests than I
do.
a. on b. to c. with d. in
45. My husband and I take turns cleaning ________ the kitchen depending ________ who gets home from work
earlier.
a. away / to b. from / in c. up / on d. with / for
46. The efforts for the advancement of women have resulted ________ several respectively achievement in
women's life and work.
a. at b. with c. for d. in
47. The women's movement has affirmed women's rights to non-discrimination ________ education,
employment and economic and social activities.
a. in b. of c. from d. about
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48. The small white flowers are my favorite. They give off a wonderful honey smell that scents the entire
garden.
a. release b. stop c. end d. melt
49. I couldn't make out what he had talked about because I was not used to his accent.
a. stand b. understand c. write d. interrupt
50. I'm sorry. I didn't mean to interrupt you. Please, go on and finish what you were saying.
a. talk b. quit c. continue d. stop
51. The firefighters fought the blaze while the crowd was looking on it.
a. blowing b. watering c. preventing d. watching
52. I cannot believe Peter and Mary ________ up last week. They have been married for almost fifteen years. I
hope they get back together.
a. went b. gave c. looked d. broke
53. It took us over twelve hours to hike over the mountain. By the time we got back to our campsite, I was
completely ________ out.
a. worn b. went c. put d. knocked
54. If you don't have the telephone number now, you can ________ me up later and give it to me then.
a. call b. stop c. give d. hold
55. What does "www" ________ for? Is it short for “world wide web?”
a. sit b. stand c. lie d. point
II.Multiple choice
1. Do you want to stop in this town, or shall we _______?
A. turn on B. turn off C. go on D. look after
2. Who will ________ the children while you go out to work?
A. look for B. look up C. look after D. look at
3. Please ________ the light, it’s getting dark here.
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn over D. turn into
4. The nurse has to _________ at the midnight. {take (sth) over: take control of or responsibility for}
A. take care B. take on C. take over C. take off
5. There is an inflation. The prices __________.
A. are going on B. are going down C. are going over D. are going up
6. Remember to _______ your shoes when you are in a Japanese house.
A. take care B. take on C. take over C. take off
7. You can __________ the new words in the dictionary.
A. look for B. look after C. look up D. look at
8. It’s cold outside. __________ your coat.
A. Put on B. Put down C. Put off D. Put into
9. Frank never turns up on time for a meeting.
A. calls B. arrives C. reports D. prepares
10. Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.{ p ut off: postpone: delay}
A. do B. let C. delay D. leave
11. My father still hasn’t really recovered from the death of my mother.
A. looked after B. taken after C. gone off D. got over
12. The bomb exploded with a loud bang which could be heard all over the town.
A. went on B. went out C. went off D. went away
13. John, could you look after my handbag while I go out for a minute.
A. take part in B. take over C. take place D. take care of
14. Bill seems unhappy in his job because he doesn’t get _______ his boss.
A. up to B. on for C. on well with D. in with
15. Why do they ______ talking about money all the time?
A. keep on B. give up C. take after D. stop by
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16. My father gave up smoking two years ago.
A. liked B. continued C. stopped D. enjoyed
17. The government hopes to _________ its plans for introducing cable TV.
A. turn out B. carry out C. carry on D. keep on
18. When the tenants failed to pay their bill, the authorities decided to _____ the gas supply to the flat.
A. cut down B. cut out C. cut off D. cut up
19. Look out! There’s a car coming!
A. The car is behind you, so you should run.
B. Don’t go away because the car is coming.
C. Hurry up or you will be late for the car.
D. You should be careful because the car is coming.
20. I was born in Scotland but I ________ in Northern Ireland.
A. grew up B. raised C. brought up D. rose
21. How do you start the computer?
A. How does the computer turn on? B. How do you turn on the computer?
C. How do you turn the computer on? D. Both B and C are correct
22. I/ not accept/ offer/ turn down/
A. I couldn’t accept his offer to avoid turning down him.
B. I couldn’t accept his offer because he was turned down.
C. I couldn’t accept his offer, so I turned it down.
D. I couldn’t accept his offer whether I was turned down.
23. Both Ann and her sister look like her mother.
A. take after B. take place C. take away D. take on
24. I’ll be back in a minute, Jane. I just want to try out my new tape recorder.
A. resemble B. test C. arrive D. buy
25. She got angry when they started to………. her private life.
A. ask for B. enquire after C. ask about D. enquire with
26. She ran in a marathon last week but………. after ten kilometers. {withdraw}
A. dropped out B. closed down C. broke up D. made up
27. Gertrude takes……….her mother; she has blue eyes and fair hair too.
A. in B. up C. after D. down
28. It took him a long time to ………. the death of his wife.
A. take away B. get over C. take off D. get through
29. There were so many kinds of cameras………., and I didn't know which to buy.
A. to choose B. choosing from
C. chosen D. to choose from
30. Billy hasn't been working; he won't………. his examinations.
A. get off B. get through C. keep up D. keep off
31. They arrived………. the airport………. good time for the plane.
A. in - on B. to - in C. at - in D. to - for
32. Did Mr. Tan………. the class while Miss Fiona was ill in hospital?
A. take away B. take over C. take up D. take off
33. Paula applied for the post but she was………..
A. turned down B. checked out C. kept under D. pushed ahead
34. If orders keep coming in like this, I'll have to………. more staff.
A. give up B. add in C. gain on D. take on
35. Why do they………. talking about money all the time?
A. keep on B. side with C. take after D. work off
36. In addition to Mr. Thomas and Miss White, the principal………. attend the school party.
A. is likely B. is going to C. are likely D. are going to
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37. We were too tired to wash ________ after the meal.
A. over B. out C. up D. on
38. I don't know whether I'll go out tonight. It depends ________ how I feel.
A. in B. at C. on D. over
39. The police made an appeal ________ the public to remain calm.
A. by B. to C. at D. for
40. These policies ________ in many elderly and disabled people suffering hardship.
A. recalled B. succeeded C. resulted D. resigned
41. Part of the path had been ________ by the sea.` `
A. washed over B. washed away C. washed down D. made in

Week: - Period:
Date of teaching:
PART 19: ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME
A. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian (Adverbial clause of time / Time-clause) thường được kết hợp với mệnh
đề chính bằng các liên từ thời gian (conjunctions of time) sau:
When, while, as, as soon as, until/til, after, before, since, once, whenever, the moment, no sooner…than,
hardly…when
B. Use of tenses in the Time-clause: Chúng ta có thể phân biệt cách dùng thì trong mệnh đề chỉ thời gian theo
ngữ cảnh:
I. NGỮ CẢNH HIỆN TẠI
1. Main clause (Present simple) + Time clause (Present simple, present progressive or present perfect)
I normally stay at hom when it rains * Cả hai mệnh đề đều dùng thì hiện tại đơn để chỉ
một thói quen ở hiện tại
He usually sings aloud when he is having a bath. * Mệnh đề chỉ thời gian dùng với thì hiện tại tiếp
diễn dùng để chỉ tính liên tục của hành động.
He only goes out for a walk after he has had * Mệnh đề thời gian dùng với thì hiện tại hoàn
dinner. thành để nhấn mạnh sự hoàn tất của một hành
Or: He only goes out for a walk after he has dinner. động.
2. Main clause (Future tenses) + Time clause (Present simple or present perfect)
- I’m going to wait until you finish work * Mệnh đề chính: Thì tương lai.
- I am going to wait until you have finished work. * Mệnh đề thời gian: có thể dùng thì hiện tại đơn
- We will go until you finish work. hoặc hiện tại hoàn thành.
- We will go until you have finished work.
- The film will have already begun by the time we * Mệnh đề chính: Thì tương lai hoàn thành để chỉ
get to the cinema. việc gì sẽ hoàn tất trước một việc gì khác trong
tương lai.
* Mệnh đề thời gian: Thường dùng với thì hiện tại
đơn.

II. NGỮ CẢNH QUÁ KHỨ

3. Main clause (past simple, past progressive or past perfect) + time clause (past simple, past progressive,
or past perfect)
- She became speechless whenever she met a * Cả hai mệnh đề dùng thì quá khứ đơn để chi
stranger. một thói quen trong quá khứ.

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 - I usually felt cold when I was afraid.
- When I arrived, Anne made a cup of tea.
- The sun was shining when we arrived there.
- The accident happened while he was driving
home.
- My wife was cooking while I was looking
after the baby.
- As the man was running away, the dog was
chasing him.
- When / Before I arrived, Anne had made
some biscuits.
Or: Anne had made some biscuits when/before
I arrived.
* Hai mệnh đề đều dùng thì quá khứ đơn để
diễn tả hai hành động kế tiếp nhau (= khi tôi
đến thì Ann mới đi pha trà).
* Mệnh đề chính: dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn,
để nói điều gì đang diễn ra thì một việc khác
làm gián đoạn.
* Cả hai mệnh đề đều dùng thì quá khứ tiếp
diễn để chỉ hai hành động cùng đồng thời diễn
ra trong khoảng thời gian.
* Mệnh đề chính dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành
để nói một hành động đã hoàn tất trước một
hành động khác trong quá khứ (=Khi tôi đến
thì Anne đã làm xong bánh qui).

C. NHỮNG TRƯỜNG HỢP CẦN LƯU Ý

1. Khi dùng since, chúng ta thường dùng thì trong hai mệnh đề như sau: Main clause (present perfect) + Time
clause (past simple).
EX:
- Tommy has made good progress since he came to this school.
- I have been feeling better since since I took that medicin.
- Since she graduated from college, she has changed her job three times.
OTHER EXAMPLES
- I still feel tired when I wake up in the morning.
- His hands shake whenever he takes a photo.
- When he arrives, he’ll tell us about the plan.
- I’ll lend you this book when I have finished it.
- The moment/ As soon as I know the result, I’ll call you.
- He had an accident while he was driving to work.
- He didn’t go home until he had finished his work.
- They were quarreling as they were driving home.
2. Hầu hết các thì đều được dùng trong mệnh đề thời gian, ngoại trừ các thì tương lai (future tenses).
Ví dụ:
- I’ll ask Brian about this when I meet him tomorrow.
(Not: I’ll ask Brian about this when I will meet him tomorrow.)
- Lily intended to tell Gary the truth when she saw him the next day.
(Not: Lily intended to tell Gary the truth when she would see him the next day).
3. Chúng ta dùng thì quá khứ đơn đối với mệnh đề thời gian sau SINCE trong cấu trúc: It is + Time + since +
Subject + Past simple.
EX:
- It’s ages since I enjoyed myself so much.
(= I haven’t enjoyed myself so much for ages)
- It’s ten years since I last visited my hometown.
(= I haven’t visited my hometown for ten years)
4. No sooner…than và Hardly …when: Chúng ta thường dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành trong mệnh đề chính
và thì quá khứ đơn trong mệnh đề thời gian với no sooner…than / hardly…when.
EX:
- She had no sooner drunk the coffee than she began to feel drowsy.

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 - I had hardly turned on my computer when there was a power cut.
NOTE: Hardly có thể được thay thế bằng scarcely hoặc barely, nhưng không thông dụng lắm.
EX:
- He had scarcely/ barely bought a new cellphone when he got it lost.
EXERCISES ON ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME
I. Give the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1. Wherever we go to Hanoi, we ____________ (invite) to my friend’s house.
2. English __________ (speak) all over the world wherever there is a conference.
3. New students____________ (welcome) by the teacher, when they first go to school.
4. You ______________ (pick up) by your mother tomorrow, after you have finished your work.
5. When I found my purse, the money ___________ (take) out of it.
6. By the time I arrived at the party, everything ______________ (eat).
7. As soon as I finish reading the book, It __________ (give) you.
8. Before you leave make sure that all lights must _____________ (turn off).
9. When we got there, all books ____________ (sell).
10. While the report ____________ (write) by Jane, Henry was looking for more information.
11. She’ll phone you as soon as she __________ (arrive) in HCM City.
12. We met a lot of people when we ____________ (invite) to my friend’s party.
13. He broke his leg when he ___________ (play) football yesterday.
14. By the time her letter ___________ (receive), she had arrived in Paris.
15. I was working on the computer when the fire ___________ (break) out last night.
16. By the time you come tonight, the work___________________ (finish)
17. Who ________________ (you / talk) to when I come?
18. Please send us a postcard as soon as you ____________ (arrive) in London.
19. Jane _______________ (clean) her house all the morning before the guest arrived.
20. We_____________ (prepare) for going home when it began to rain.
21. Miss Hoa always takes her umbrella when she ____________ (go) to work.
22. She won’t get married until she ____________ (be) 25 years old.
23. When we got there, people _________________ (wait) calmly.
24. While I _________________ (walk) in the street, I saw my old friend.
25. The house was quiet when I _______ (get) home. Everyone _______ (go) to bed.
26. I _________________ (know) her since I was a student.
27. While I was going to school yesterday, I _________ (meet) my old friend.
28. Alice ___________ (leave) for Washington as soon as she has finished her exam.
29. He died after he ____________ (be) ill for a long time.
30. When we see Mr. Minh tomorrow, I _______________ (remind) him of that.
II. CHOOSE THE BEST CHOICE:
1. Lan has learnt English since she_________ a small girl.
A. is B. was C. has been D. had been
2. Don’t go anywhere until I_________ back.
A. come B. came C. will come D. am coming
3. Before cars_________, people_________ horses and bicycles in the early days.
A. were discovered/ had used B. discovering/ had used
C. had discovered/ used D. discovered/ had used
4. I am going to speak with the boss when the meeting _______.
A. will end B. ends C. is ending D. would end
5. When we_________ him tomorrow, we will remind him of that.
A. will see B. see C. am seeing D. saw.
6. When he comes, I_________ her the news.
A. tell B. will tell C. would tell D. would have told
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7. When the police came, they _________.
A. are fighting B. fought C. would be fighting D. were fighting
8. Before she came to England, she _________ English.
A. studied B. will study C. had studied D was studying
9. I have lost touch with him _________ He left for London.
A. as soon as B. after C. before D. since
10. My mother is washing the dishes _________ my father is watching television.
A. when B. while C. as D. since
11. _______, I will give him the report.
A. When he will return B. When he returns C. Until he will return D. No sooner he returns
12. _______ the firemen arrived to help, we had already put out the fire.
A. Until B. No sooner C. By the time D. After
13. I have earned my own living _______ I was seven.
A. since B. when C. while D. as soon as
14. We saw many beautiful birds _______ in the lake.
A when we are fishing B. while fishing C. while fished D. fishing
15. _______, Peter came to see me.
A. While having dinner B. While I was having dinner
C. When having dinner D. When lam having dinner
16. _______ my homework, I went to bed.
A. After I had finished B. After finished C. Finished D. After had finished
17. _______ the dance, Jerry said good-bye to his girlfriend.
A. Before left B. Before he leaves C. Before leaving D. Before he will leave
18. Jones _______ after everyone _______.
A. speaks / will eat B. will speak / has eaten
C. is speaking / eats D. has spoken / will have eaten
19. _______, Joe stays in bed and reads magazines.
A. Whenever raining B. As it will be raining C. When it will rain D. Whenever it rains
20. _______ in Rome than he was kidnapped.
A. No sooner he arrived B. Had he no sooner arrived
C. No sooner had he arrived D. No sooner he had arrived
21. _______ Peter gets here, we will congratulate him.
A. As soon as B. After C. No sooner D. Since
22. Mrs. Pike _______ the door before the customers arrived.
A. had opened B. will open C. would open D. has open
23. After Mariana _______ her exam, I _______ her out to eat.
A. was finishing / would take B. finished / had taken
C. will finish / have taken D. has finished / will take
24. Mary will have finished all her work _______.
A. as soon as her boss returned B. until her boss will return
C. by the time her boss returns D. when he-r boss will return
25. She went on crying, with her head sunk into a pillow, and cried and cried ____ the pillow was wet through.
A. before B. after C. until D. while
26. _________ you finish typing that report make five copies of it and give it to aloof the officers.
A. While B. When C. But D. Although
27. When the passenger ________, will you please give him this package?
A. will arrive B. arrives C. would arrives D. arriving
28. They were playing in the garden when_______.
A. they have heard a scream B. they were hearing a scream
C. they heard a scream D. they had heard a scream
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29. He cleaned his shoes_______ they shone.
A. when B. after C. while D. until
30. I had no sooner lit the barbecue _______ it started to rain.
A. as B. while C. than D. that
31. When the paint_______ it'll change from a light to a deep red.
A. dry B. dries C. dried D. will dry
32. When_______ older I'd love to be an artist.
A. I'm B. I'll be C. was D. have been
33. By the time he retires, he_______ $20,000.
A. will save B. has saved C. had saved D. will have saved
34. When I_______ here for fifteen years I'll be entitled to a pension.
A. work B. am working C. have worked D. had worked
B. Rewrite using the words in brackets:
1. As soon as he went into the bank, one of the robbers attacked him. (No sooner…than. . .)
 ________________________________________________________________________________
2. She fell asleep as soon as she lay down. (Hardly . . . when. . .)
 ________________________________________________________________________________
3. As soon as he stepped into the bathroom, the cell phone rang. (No sooner …than. . .)
 ________________________________________________________________________________
4. He read the reading passage first. Immediately after that he answered the questions. (Hardly/when)
 ________________________________________________________________________________
5. As soon as he saw her, he recognised her. (No sooner… than…)
 _____________________________________________________________________________

Week: - Period:
Date of teaching:
PART 20: ERROR IDENTIFICATION
1. Having lived here for several years, my friend is used to speak English with all her
A B C D
classmate.
2. No one in our office wants to drive to work any more because of there are always
A B C
traffic jams at rush hour.
D
3. That novel is definitely a dense-packed narrative, but one which requires a vast
A B C
knowledge of cultural background or an excellent encyclopedia.
D
4. Louise is the more capable of the three girls who have tried out for the part in the
A B C D
play.
5. They played so good game of tennis last night that they surprised their audience.
A B C D
6. I would rather that they do not travel during the bad weather, but the insist that
A B C
they must return home today.
D
7. Among us students are many foreigners who attend languages classes at the south
A B C D
campus.
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8. My book is different than yours because mine has a vocabulary section at the
A B C
bottom of each page and yours has one in the pack.
D
9. That product that you bought at the lower price is the more inferior to the one that
A B C
we sell at a slightly higher price.
D
10. After a carefully investigation, we soon discovered that the house was infested
A B C
with termites.
D
11. Writers like William Shakespeare and Edgar Allan Poe are not only profit but too
A B C D
interesting.
12. Jaime’s counselor recommended that he should take a foreign language in his
A B
freshman year instead of walking until the following year.
C D
13. Although Mark has been cooking for many years, he still doesn’t know to prepare
A B C
French foods in the traditional manner.
D
14. It is most important that he speaks to the dean before leaving for his vacation.
A B C D

15. Visitors were not permitted entering the park after dark because of the lack of
A B C D
security and lighting.
16. I need both fine brown sugar as well powered sugar to bake a Hawaiian cake.
A B C D
17. In spite Nellie’s fear of heights, she decided to fly with a group of her classmates
A B
to the Bahamas during the spring recess.
C D
18. Let Nancy and her to make all the plans for the party, and you and I will provide
A B C
the refreshments and entertainment.
D
19. After rising the flag to commemorate the holiday, the mayor gave a long speech.
A B C D
20. The general commanded the Officers’ Club be off limits to the new recruits.
A B C D
21. Louie got his sister read his class assignment, and then asked her to write the
A B
report for him because he did not have enough time.
C D
22. Marcy said that she knew how the procedures for doing the experiment, but when
A
we began to work in the laboratory, she found that she was mistaken.
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 B C D
23. News of Chares Lindbergh’s famous transatlantic fight in 1972 spread rapidly
A B
despite of the lack of an international communication system.
C D
24. It was suggested that Pedro studies the material more thoroughly before attending
A B C D
to pass the exam.
25. The piano teacher requires that her students practices at least forty-five minutes
A B C
every day in preparation for next week’s recital.
D
26. Marie’s cousin is studying law at one of ivy-league university in the East now.
A B C D
27. If you set in that position for too long, you may get a cramp in your leg.
A B C D
28. The conquerors stole not only the gold and silver that were needed to replenish the
A B
badly deleted treasury but also the supplies that were vital to the colonists as well.
C D
29. The president mentioned to the cabinet members I was going to negotiate a new
A B C
treat with the foreign minister.
D
30. Despite the roadblock, the police allowed us enter the restricted area to search for
A B C D
our friends.
31. Did you know how that the actors’ strike will delay the beginning of the new
A B C
television season and cause the cancellation of many contracts?
D
32. We should have been informed Janis about the change in plans regarding our
A B C
weekend trip to mountains.
D
33. When we arrived at the store to purchase the dishwasher advertise in the
A B C
newspaper, we learnt that all the dishwasher had been sold.
D
34. That manufacture is not only raising his prices but also decreasing the production
A B C
of his product as well.
D
35. The director encouraged them work in committees to plan a more effective
A B C
advertising campaign for the new product.
D
36. Jason’s professor had him to write his thesis many times before allowing him to
A B C
present it to the committee.
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 D
37. Mr. Harris will be divided the biology class into two sections to prevent
A B C
overcrowding in his classroom.
D
38. Hundreds of houses and other building were destroying by the raging tropical
A B C D
storm which later developed into a hurricane.
39. Mirabel has registered for both the afternoon anthropology class as well as the
A B C
evening sociology lecture.
D
40. Food prices have raised so rapidly in the past few months that some families have
A B C
been forced to alter their eating habits.
D
41. The man, of whom the red car is parked in front of our house, is a prominent
A B C D
physician in this town.
42. Although her severe pain, Pat decided to come to the meeting so that there would
A B C D
be quorum.

43. The proposal has been repeated after a thirty- minutes discussion and a number of
A B C
objections to its to include our district.
D
44. He is the only candidate who the faculty members voted not to retain on the list of
A B C D
eligible replacements for Professor Kate.
45. In spite of the tenants’ objections, the apartment manager decided to rise the rent
A B C
by forty dollars per month.
D
46. This class, that is a prerequisite for microbiology, is so difficult that I would rather
A B C
drop it.
D
47. The doctor told Mr. Anderson that, because of his severe cramps, he should lay in
A B C
bed for a few days.
D
48. If you sat the plant in a cooler location, the leaves would not have burned.
A B C D
49. Dr. Harder, which is the professor for this class, will be absent this week because
A B C
of illness.
D
50. Despite of language barrier, humans have managed to communicate with others
A B C
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through sign language, in which certain motions stand for letters, words or ideas.
D
51. This class has canceled because too few students had registered before registration
A B C D
closed.

52. After Allan had searched for twenty minutes, he realized that his jacket had been
A B
laying on the table the entire time.
C D
53. The problems that discovered since the initial research had been completed caused
A B C
the committee members to table the oroposal temporarity.
D
54. The doctor suggested that he lay in bed for several days as a precaution against
A B C
further damage the tendons.
D
55. Dr. Alvarez was displeased because the student had turned in an unacceptable
A B C
report, so he made him to rewrite it.
D
56. The projector director stated he believed it was necessary to study the proposals
A B C
for several more months before making a decision.
D
57. Although the danger that he might be injured, Boris bravely entered the burning
A B C
house in order to save the youngster.
D
58. That these students have improved their grades because of their participation in
A B C D
the test review class.
59. Despite Martha’s attempts to rise her test score, she did not receive a high enough
A B C
score to be accepted by the law school.
D
60. That Mr. Jones is not prepared to teach his course is not doubted; however, at this
A B
late it is not likely that we will be able finding a replacement.
C D
61. Some Italian scholars stressed the study of grammar, rhetoric, learning about
A B C D
history, and poetry.

62. When the tank car carried the toxic gas derailed, the firemen tried to isolate the
A B C
village from all traffic.
D
63. While the boys were ice skating, they slip on the thin ice and fell into the deep
99
 A B C D
water.
64. If motorists do not observe the traffic regulations, they will be stopped, ticketed,
A B C
and have to pay a fine.
D
65. Fred, who usually conducts the choir rehearsals, did not show up last night
A B
because he had an accident on his way to the practice.
C D
66. A short time before her operation last month, Mrs. Carlyle dreams of her daughter
A B C
who lives overseas.
D
67. The atmosphere in Andalusia is open, warm, and gives a welcome feeling to all
A B
who have the good fortune to visit there.
C D
68. Now that they have successfully passed the TOFEL, the students were ready
A B C
to begin their classes at the university.
D
69. Being that he was a good swimmer, John jumped into the water and rescued the
A B C
drowning child.
D
70. Some of the people were standing in the street watched parade, while others were
A B C D
singing.
Week: - Period:
Date of teaching:
PART 21: CONVERSATIONAL EXCHANGES
@ QUESTIONS & RESPONSES:

TOPICS QUESTIONS / EXPRESSIONS RESPONSES

1. Giới thiệu - Nice / Glad to meet you. - Nice / Glad to meet you, too.
và chào - How do you do? - How do you do?
hỏi
- Sure.
2. Xin phép - May I go out?
- Of course.
- Could you bring me some water? - Sure / Of course.
3. Yêu cầu
- Would you mind helping me? - No problem.
- Would you like to go for a walk? - Yes, I’d love to.
- How about going to the cinema? - That sounds great!
4. Mời và đề nghị
- Let’s go to the cinema. - OK. Let’s do that.
- Why don’t we go to the cinema? - That’s a good idea.
- What a beautiful dress you’ve got! - I’m glad you like it.
5. Lời khen
- How nice your house is!
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 - Thank you for your saying
so.
- That’s a nice compliment.
- It’s very kind of you to say
so.
- The same to you.
6. Lời chúc - Happy New Year!
- You too.
- It’s my pleasure (to help).
- That was nice of you. Thank you.
- Not at all. / You’re welcome.
7. Cảm ơn - Thank you for helping me.
- Don’t mention it. / Forget it.
- That’s OK / alright.
- You don’t need to apologize.
- I’m terribly sorry about… - Don’t worry about it.
8. Xin lỗi
- I’d like to apologize for… - No problem / Forget it/ It’s
OK.
- I’m having an English test tomorrow. - Good luck!
- Fantastic / That’s great!
- Good news:
- Congratulations!
9. Báo tin o I’ve passed the final exam!
- I’m glad to hear that.
- Bad news:
o I have lost the job for two weeks. - I’m sorry to hear that.
EXERCISE
1. –“Would you like to have dinner with me?” –“______________.”
A. Yes, I’d love to B. Yes, so do I C. I’m very happy D. Yes, it is
2. –“How do you do?” –“______________.”
A. How do you do? B. Not too bad.
C. I’m well. Thank you. D. Yeah, OK.
3. –“Thank you very much for a lovely party.” –“______________.”
A. Cheers B. Thanks C. Have a good day D. You’re welcome
4. –“Thanks for the lovely evening." –“_____________.”
A. Yes, it's really great B. No, it's not good
C. Oh, that's right D. I'm glad you enjoyed it
5. –“How far is it from here to the nearest post office?" –“_____________.”
A. Turn left and then turn right B. Two kilometers at least
C. No, it's rather far D. Yes, it's quite near here
6. –“______________?” –“He's tall and thin with blue eyes.”
A. What does John look like B. Who does John look like
C. How is John doing D. What does John like
7. –“________________” –“Well, a microwave is used to cook or heat food.”
A. Could you tell me what is a microwave used for?
B. Please tell me how to use a microwave?
C. Can you tell me what is used for cooking?
D. Could you tell me what a microwave is used for?
8. –“What will we do when we want to call the Fire Service?” –“______________”
A. Dial 113 B. Dial 114 C. Dial 115 D. Dial 116
9. –“_______________” –“Let me see, since September 23rd.”
A. When did you attend this school?
B. How long have you studied at this school?
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 C. Since when did you studied at this school?
D. How often do you attend this school?
10. –“Would you like a coffee?” –“________________.”
A. Not at all B. Yes, let’s C. Yes, I would D. Yes, please
11. –“What should you do if you don’t want to hear the sound? –“________________.”
A. Press the MUTE button. B. Press the VOLUME button.
C. Press the PROGRAM button. D. Press the POWER button.
12.. –“_______________?” – “I have got a terrible headache.”
A. What’s the matter with you B. What’s the wrong with you
C. What’s happened with you D. What’s problem with you
13. –“I will get married next week.” –“___________________”
A. Thanks B. Congratulations C. not at all D. I’m sorry
14. –“You look nice in your new dress." –“___________________”
A. It's nice of you to say so. B. Am I? Thanks.
C. Oh, poor me. D. I am interesting to hear that.
15. –“John had an accident. He has been in hospital for 5 days. –“________________”
A. Poor him. B. Oh. Is he? C. How's terrific! D. Poor it.
16. –“I don’t go out much these days” –“_______________”
A. I don’t too B. I don’t either C. Me too D. I don’t neither

17. –“I have passed all my examinations” –“_______________”

A. My dear B. Best wishes C. Well done D. That’s very well
18. – Mike: “Our living standards have been improved greatly.”
– Susan: “______________.”
A. Thank for saying so B. Sure. I couldn’t agree more
C. No, it’s nice to say so D. Yes, It’s nice of you to say so
19. . – “What’s on television tonight?” –“ __________”
A. I will go to the cinema B. It’s half past nine
C. The film is good D. A football match after the news
20.– “ Make yourself at home!” – “____________”
A. Not at all. Don’t mention it. B. Thanks. Same to you.
C. That’s very nice. Thank you. D. Yes, can I help you.
21.–“I’m taking my first exam next week”. – “_____________.”
A. Cheers B. Good luck C. Well done D. Congratulations
22. -“What a lovely house you have!” – : “_____________.”
A. Of course not, it’s not costly B. I think so
C. Thank you. Hope you will drop in D. No problem
23. – “How about driving to the countryside this Sunday?” – “_____________”
A. That's a good idea. B. That's my pleasure.
C. Yes, I am driving. D. Never mind.
24. – “Let’s go somewhere for a drink” – “______________”
A. Yes, let’s. B. Shall we? C. Do we? D. Good, go ahead.
25. – “Would you mind if I smoked in here?” – “ ____________.”
A. Yes, I’d love to B. Thanks, I don’t smoke
C. I’d rather you didn’t D. I’m sorry
26. _“What an attractive hair style you have got, Mary!” _ “___________.”
A. Thank you very much. I am afraid B. You are telling a lie
C. Thank you for your compliment D. I don't like your sayings
27._“Would you like a drink?” _ “___________”.
A. I don’t like coffee B. I prefer tea
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 C. Coffee, please D. I’m very thirsty
28. – “Customer: Excuse me? “ Shopkeeper : – “Yes, _________?”
A. Can you help me B. How can I help you
C. what happens D. help me
29. – “When do children in Vietnam go to primary school?” – “____________ .”
A. For 6 years B. At the age of six years old
C. When they are 6 D. When they are 6 old years
30. – “Would you like a glass of green tea?” – “____________”
A. No, let’s not B. No, I don’t. C. No, thanks. D. No, I wouldn’t.
31.– “Hurry up! They’ve only got a few seats left.” – “_____________”
A. Never mind B. OK. I’m coming C. It’s too late D. Certainly
32. “ _________ detective stories?” – “ In my opinion, they are very good for teenagers.”
A. How about B. What do you think about
C. Are you fond of D. What do people feel about
33. – “Do you think that we should use public transportation to protect our environment?”
– “___________”
A. There’s no doubt about it. B. Well, that’s very surprising.
C. Of course not. You bet! D. Yes, it’s an absurd idea.
34. – “Mum, I’ve got 600 on the TOEFL test.” – “___________”
A. Good job! B. Good way!
C. You are right. D. Oh, hard luck!
35. – “Don’t fail to send your parents my regards.” – “____________.”
A. You’re welcome B. Good idea, thanks
C. Thanks, I will D. It’s my pleasure
36.– “How do you like your steak done?” – “ __________.”
A. Very much B. Well done C. Very little D. I don’t like it much
37. – “ I love pop music. “ – “ _________________”
A. So do I B. No, I won’t C. Yes, I like it D. Neither do I
38. – “ Do you think you’ll get the job ? “ – “ ________________”
A. Yes, that’s right B. I think not.
C. I know so. D. Well, I hope so.
39. – “ Excuse me ! Where’s the post office ?” – “_________________”
A. It’s over there. B. I’m afraid not.
C. Don’t worry. D. Yes, I think so.
40. – “ What shall we do this evening ?” – “__________________”
A. Let’s go out for dinner. B. Oh, that’s good !
C. No problem. D. I went out for dinner.
41. - Monica: “I think we should recycle these bags. It will help protect the environment.”
- Mathew: “_____”
A. I can't agree with you more. B. It's rubbish. We shouldn't use it.
C. Never mind. D. You can say that again.
42. - Stephanie: “Oh, no! I left my book at home. Can I share yours?”
- Scott: “____________”
A. Yes, I do too. B. No, thanks. C. No, not at all! D. Yes, sure!
43. - Porter : “ Shall I help you with your suitcase?”
- Mary: “ _______________”
A. Not a chance B. That’s very kind of you
C. I can’t agree more D. What a pity
44. - Thang: "What do you think about the novel?"
- Huong: "_____________"
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 A. Yes, let's. B. The best I've ever read!
C. I can't agree with you more. D. I wish I could.
45. - Gentleman: ”Can you recommend any places for this summer holiday?"
- Agent: "____________."
A. A package tour to the Spratly Islands would be perfect, sir
B. I don’t think you could afford a tour to Singapore, sir
C. Yes, please go to other agencies
D. No, you cannot recommend any places
46. - Linh: "Aunty, I've passed the exam with flying colours."
- Aunt: "____________"
A .Sorry to hear that. B. Congratulations!
C. That's right. D. How many colours?
47. - Jack : “What’s wrong with you?”
- Jill: “________________.”
A. I’m having a slight headache B. No, I don’t care
C. Yes, I was tired yesterday D. Thank you very much
48. - Mary: “Do you mind if I sit here?”
- Laura: “_______________”
A. No, not at all. B. My pleasure. C. Yes, why not? D. Don’t mention it.
49. Kay: “I wouldn’t do that if I were you.”
– John: “________________”
A. Wouldn’t you? Why? B. Would you, really?
C. I’d rather you didn’t. D. It’s out of the question.
50. - Joan: “Our friends are coming. _____________, Mike? ”
- Mike: “I’m sorry, but I can’t do it now.”
A. Shall you make some coffee, please B. Would you mind making some coffee
C. Why don’t we cook some coffee D. Shall I make you like some coffee

CONVERSATIONAL EXCHANGE KEYS

1 A 11 A 21 B 31 B 41 A
2 A 12 A 22 C 32 B 42 D
3 D 13 B 23 A 33 A 43 B
4 D 14 A 24 A 34 A 44 B
5 B 15 A 25 C 35 C 45 A
6 A 16 B 26 C 36 B 46 B
7 D 17 C 27 C 37 A 47 A
8 B 18 B 28 B 38 D 48 A
9 B 19 D 29 C 39 A 49 D
10 D 20 C 30 C 40 A 50 B
21 Part 21 : Collocation
31
22 Part 21 : Collocation (cont.)
23 Part 22 : Synonyms
32
24 Part 23 : Antonyms
25 Part 24 : Word forms
33
26 Part 24 : Word forms (cont.)
104
34 27 Part 25 : Practice Tests
28 Part 25 : Practice Tests
35 29 Part 25 : Practice Tests
30 Part 25 : Practice Tests
36 31 Part 25 : Practice Tests
32 Part 25 : Practice Tests

105