Professional Documents
Culture Documents
429 Multiple Measures of Data Bernhardt
429 Multiple Measures of Data Bernhardt
PERCEPTIONS
School Programs
and Processes
Observations
Attitudes Over time,
perceptions
can tell
us about
environmental
improvements.
Standardized Tests
Norm/Criterion-Referenced Tests
Tells us: Teacher Observations of Abilities
What processes/ Authentic Assessments
programs work best Tells us:
for different groups The impact of
STUDENT LEARNING student perceptions
of students with respect
to student learning. of the learning
environment on
student learning.
Tells us:
Tells us: The impact of the program on
Over time,
If a program is making student learning based upon
student learning data
a difference in student perceptions of the program
give information about
learning results. and on the processes used.
student performance on
different measures.
Note. Adapted from Data Analysis for Comprehensive Schoolwide Improvement (p.15), by Victoria L. Bernhardt, 1998, Larchmont, NY:
Eye on Education. Copyright © 1998 Eye on Education, Inc. Reprinted with permission.
Note. From Using Data to Improve Student Learning in Elementary Schools, by Victoria L. Bernhardt, 2003, Larchmont, NY: Eye on Education.
Copyright © 2003 Eye on Education, Inc. Reprinted with permission.