Kinetic Theory of  

09 
Chapter 09 : Kinetic Theory of Gases and
                                 Radiation

Gases and Radiation
1. Before heating, let the pressure of gas be P. Option (B) is correct.
PA = kx1 In equation (i) if (T2  T1) = 0, then U = 0
PA  nRT  A 1  8.3  100  102  Option (C) is also correct.
 x1 =    1m
k  V k 0.83  10  (D) is correct.
During heating process, T1  T2
the spring is compressed further by 0.1 m 8. Here,  =
T1
 x2 = 1.1 m
1 1 T1  T2
 Work done by gas = 10(1.12  12 ) = 5  0.21  =
2 3 T1
= 1.05  1.0 J  3T1  3T2 = T1
2. Since coefficient of linear expansion of bolt is 3
 T1 = T2
more than that of pipe, the bolt will expand 2
more. It implies that the bolt will become 3 T1  (T2  335)
and =
loose and hence will be free from stress. 3 T1
3. Since molar specific heat is proportional to 3 / 2T2  T2  335
cube of temperature, the correct plot is B. At a  1=
3 / 2T2
particular temperature, the molar specific heat
becomes almost constant. i.e.T2 = 335 K i.e. 62 C
3
4. Thermal expansion of isotropic object does and T1 =  335  502 K
2
not depend upon shape, size and presence of
hole or cavity.  T1 = 502 – 273 = 229 C

5. Black is a good absorber and also a good 9. Since power radiated is same for body A and
emitter as per Kirchoff’s radiation law. body B,
TA 4 0.49  1 
6. Rate of flow of water = 2 litre min1     T4 
TB 4 0.01  emissivity 
= 2  103 m3 min1
1
Mass of water flowing per min, TA  0.49  4
m = 2  103  103 = 2 kg min1 or   = 2.6
TB  0.01 
T = 77 – 27 = 50C
c = 4.2  103 J kg C1 T 5200
or TB = A = = 2000 K
Using Q = mcT, we get, 2.6 2.6
Q = 2  4.2  103  50 = 4.2  105 J min1 Using Wien’s displacement law
Rate of consumption of fuel i.e., m T = constant
Q 4.2  105 J min 1 we get, ATA = BTB
= 
heat of combination 4  107 J / kg T  
or A = B  B  = B
= 10.5  103 kg min1 = 10.5 g min1  TA  2.6
7. Change in internal energy, But B  A = 1 m (given)
U = nCvT = nCv (T2 – T1) …(i) 
 B  B = 1 m
 Option (A) is correct 2.6
Using dQ = dU + dW 1.6
or  B = 1 m
(1st law of thermodynamics) 2.6
 dU = dW 2.6
...[ dQ = 0 in adiabatic process] or B =  B = 1.6 m
1.6
1
Std. XII : Triumph Physics 
10. For the given line AB, V and T both increase. 13. For A, dQA = nCPdTA ( A is free to move)
 Using PV = nRT, we get
For B, dQB = nCvdTB ( B is fixed)
P (kT) = nRT ( V = kT here) Since, dQA = dQB
nR  nCpdTA = nCvdTB
or P = = constant
k  Cp 
or dTB =   dTA = dTA
Therefore, in P-V diagram the corresponding  Cv 
line will be a straight line parallel to X-axis = 1.4  40 = 56 K
(V-axis) such that V is increasing.
 m  RT 10  R  293
For the given line BC, volume is constant but 15. P0 =  0   ….(i)
temperature is decreasing. M V MV
Gas is heated to 50 C and x gram of gas
nRT
 P= escapes, pressure is still P0
constant (10  x)g (273  50)
or P  T (decreasing)  P0 = R ….(ii)
M V
In P-V diagram, the corresponding line will be  10(293) = (10  x) (323)  x  0.92 g
a straight line parallel to Y axis (P axis) with ….[From (i) and (ii)]
decreasing P. 16. P
For the given line CA, temperature is constant P A T
with volume decreasing
nRT
 P= i.e., PV = constant
V P T
 In P-V diagram, corresponding line is a n B C
hyperbola with P increasing.
V
11. As a and d are two points on the same AB is an isochoric process
adiabatic path, PA PB P P 1 T
  or    TB =  
 T1 (Va)1 = T2 (Vd)1 TA TB T  n  TB n
T1 (Vd )  1 For 1 mole of the gas,
i.e. =
T2 (Va )  1 T  1 
QAB = CVT = CV   T  = CVT   1
Similarly, T1 (Vb)1 = T2 (Vc)1 n  n 
T1 (Vc )  1 1 n 
i.e., = = CVT  
T2 (Vb )  1  n 
QBC = CPT for 1 mole of the gas
(Vd )  1 (Vc )  1
 =  T
(Va )  1 (Vb )  1 = CP  T  
 n
Vd Vc V V  n 1
i.e.  or a  b QBC = CPT   Qnet = QAB + QBC
Va Vb Vd Vc  n 
12. Here, PV = constant 1 n   n 1
= CVT   + CPT  
 PdV = VdP  n   n 
dP P T
= (CV  nCV + nCP  CP)
i.e. =  n
dV V
T
dP dP = {(n(CP  CV)  (CP  CV)}
Bulk Modulus, K =  V n
dV / V dV
T T
 P  = (nR – R) = (n – 1)R
=  V = P n n
 V  = RT (1  n1)
2
 Chapter 09 : Kinetic Theory of Gases and
                                 Radiation
17. Assertion is false, Reason is true.
P1V1  P1V2

 P2   V1 
  =  
 P1   V2 
1
 P 
 V2 = V1  1  = V1C1/ …(C > 1)
 P2 
1
 P   1/
 V2 = V1  1  = V1C
 P2 
  > 

   Monotonic 
    Polyatomic   V2  V2
 

18. Isothermal compression  T = constant

3RT
vrms =
M
8RT
 Mean momentum = mv = m
M
3
Mean kinetic energy = RT
2
All the above equations are functions of
temperature, which is a constant.
19. According to Kirchhoff’s law, good absorbers
are good emitters and bad reflectors. While at
lower temperature, a black-body absorbs all the
incident radiations. It does not reflect any
radiation incident upon it when it is thrown into
the furnace. Initially, it is the darkest body.
At later times, the black body attains the
temperature of the hot furnace and so it
radiates maximum energy. It becomes the
brightest of all.
Option (A) represents the answer.
20. 3PV = nHRT ….(i)
P(2V) = n0R(3T) ….(ii)
Dividing equation (i) by (ii),
3 nH 1 n 9
=  H 
2 nO 3 nO 2
Using Avogadro’s principle,
H

 2n H N A  / V  n H 1  9
O  32n O N A  / 2V n O 8 16