The Human Element

in Safety
 OBJECTIVE:

To understand man’s different backgrounds and the

relationship of these to safe practices.

All attempts at improving safety performance at work

improve targets. The most effective is
understanding the human elements in safety.
 Human Elements in Safety…

• These motivate people to focus their attention and action to

try harder and to persist until a desired future state has been
reached.
• The amount of effort and energy that people use to reach a
target depends on how much of a challenge the target
represents.
• People will be reluctant to try and reach a goal that they
think is unrealistic or impossible to achieve.
• A specific challenging target clarifies what constitutes good
performance and removes ambiguity.
Certain Human Elements will affect target achievement:

• Peoples knowledge and ability

• The level of achievement people aspire to

• How committed people are to reaching a target

• People’s self belief that they can reach a target

• Being informed about how well people are doing

 In combination, goals and feedbacks are more
powerful than either one alone.

• Targets inspire people to achieve

• Feedbacks tell people how well they are doing

Three forms of feedback used in Behavioral

Safety Process:
• Verbal- at the point of observation
• Graphical - in the workplace
• Weekly discussion meetings
 MANAGEMENT FUNCTION

PLANNING

LEADING ORGANIZING

CONTROLLING
KEYS TO CONTROL PEOPLE

KYP
(Know your People)

GPR
(Good Personal Relations)
 HUMAN RELATIONS

-The art of getting along with people

-The process of interaction between two or more

persons during which at atmosphere of mutual
trust an understanding is created.
 THINGS TO KNOW ABOUT PEOPLE

1. ATTITUDES – (Good or Bad)

What people think and feel

2. BEHAVIOR – (Tied up with attitude)

What people say and do
HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

SELF-ACTUALIZATION

EGO NEEDS

SOCIAL NEEDS

SECURITY NEEDS

PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
 HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
Physiological Needs
Hunger, thirst, excretion, rest, activity, sex, shelter, etc.
Security Needs
Safety, prep. for the future, justice, comfort, self-preservation
Social Needs
Acceptance, group membership, belonging, team spirit, tolerance
Ego Needs
Importance, self- respect, dignity, power, recognition, prestige,
status
Self-Actualization
Self expression (artists), use of potential,self-fulfillment,
achievement, creativity
 PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS IN
SAFETY
1. Individual Differences
People differ in behavior & attitudes.
2. Motivations
Conflicting motivations should be considered in
any attempt to understand human relations.
3. Emotions
People frequently act at the emotional level.
4. Attitudes
Closely allied to emotions.
5. Learning process
Depends on the age.
 BEHAVIOR MOTIVATION

• MOTIVATION is defined as inducing people to work

with will to achieve a given task.
 The objective of motivation is for us and our
subordinates to gain success where:

• We develop talents

• We strengthen or improve our position

• We gain power

• We reap honors

• We win friends
 OBJECTIVE OF MOTIVATION

• To improve safety performance through behavior

motivation.

• All of these are nothing if we would not use the

above results of success as tools to attain or
provide “HAPPINESS”
JOB MOTIVATORS

• Achievement

• Recognition

• Work itself

• Responsibility

• Professional growth