Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Modul
a l - k i m i y a
1.1 Kimia dan Kepentingannya 1.3 Sikap Saintifik dan Nilai Murni
Chemistry and its Importance Scientific Attitudes and Noble Values
1.2 Keadah Saintifik
Scientitic Method
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Modul al-Kimiya Tingkatan 4
Bab 1
Chapter 1
Aktiviti
Activity
a
Sun light Sun light
Cahaya matahari Cahaya matahari
Kain
Batik
batik
fabric
Pemboleh ubah Luas permukaan kain batik//Jumlah luas permukaan yang terdedah
dimanipulasi kepada cahaya matahari.
Manipulated The wider surface area batik fabric//The total surface area of batik
variable fabric exposed to sunlight.
Pemboleh ubah Masa yang diambil untuk kain batik dikeringkan//Kadar penyejatan.
bergerak balas Time taken for batik fabric to dry//The rate of evaporation.
Responding
variable
Pemboleh ubah Jenis kain batik//Cahaya matahari
dimalarkan Type of batik fabric//Sunlight
Constant variable
Hipotesis Semakin luas permukaan kain batik yang terdedah kepada cahaya
matahari, semakin pendek masa yang diambil untuk dikeringkan//
Hypothesis
Kadar penyejatan yang lebih tinggi.
The wider surface area batik fabric exposed to sunlight, the shorter
time taken//The higher rate of evaporation.
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Pengenalan kepada Kimia/Introduction to Chemistry
Leaf
b Daun
Soil
Tanah
500 g
Fertilizer
Baja
Fertilizer
Baja
100 g
10 g
Hipotesis Semakin tinggi jisim baja digunakan, bilangan daun akan bertambah.
Hypothesis The higher mass of fertilizer used, the number of leaves increase.
Bab 1
Chapter 1
Latihan 1.1
Exercise 1.1
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Modul al-Kimiya Tingkatan 4
4. Carta alir dalam Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada siri langkah-langkah
dalam penyiasatan saintifik.
The flow chart in Figure 1.1 shows part of a series of steps in a scientific investigation.
Q Controlling variables R
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Pengenalan kepada Kimia/Introduction to Chemistry
Langkah Q/Step Q
Mengenal pasti pemboleh ubah/Identifying variables
dalam air?
Volume of water// substance
Type of substance
Does temperature
affect the solubility
of the substance in
water?
Adakah oksigen Jenis logam (ferum) Kehadiran oksigen Proses pengaratan
diperlukan dalam Type of metal (iron) Presence of oxygen Rusting process
proses pengaratan?
Is oxygen required
in the rusting
process?
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Modul al-Kimiya Tingkatan 4
Adakah asid
Jenis asid Jenis logam Tindak balas yang
bertindak balas
(mengikut Siri berlaku
Type of acid
dengan logam?
Elektrokimia)
The reaction
Type of metal (follow
Does acid react the Electrochemical
with metal? )Series
“When 5 g of common salt is added to 50 cm3 of hot water and stirred, all the common
salt dissolved. However, when 5 g of the same common salt is added to 50 cm3 of cold
water, some of it remained insoluble.”
a. Nyatakan inferens untuk eksperimen ini berdasarkan pemerhatian di atas.
State the inference for this experiment based on the above observation.
Apabila air panas, keterlarutan garam biasa lebih tinggi berbanding apabila air sejuk,
keterlarutan garam biasa berkurangan.
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Pengenalan kepada Kimia/Introduction to Chemistry
In hot water, the solubility of common salt is higher compare in cold water the
solubility of common salt decreases.
b. Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini berdasarkan pemerhatian di atas.
State the hypothesis for this experiment based on the above observation.
Semakin tinggi suhu air, keterlarutan garam biasa semakin meningkat.
The higher the temperature of water, the solubility of common salt increases.
2 50 35 30
3 50 45 40
4 50 55 50
5 50 65 60
Jadual 1.1 menunjukkan keputusan yang diperoleh daripada satu siri eksperimen untuk
mengkaji kelarutan garam biasa di dalam air pada suhu yang berbeza.
Table 1.1 shows the results obtained from a series of experiments to study the solubility
of common salt in water at different temperatures.
c. Nyatakan pemboleh ubah yang terlibat dalam eksperimen.
State the variables involved in the experiments.
i. Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi/Manipulated variables
Suhu air/Temperature of water
d. Berdasarkan keputusan dalam Jadual 1.1, lukiskan graf jisim garam biasa terlarut
terhadap suhu air pada kertas graf.
Based on the result in Table 1.1, draw on the graph paper graph of the mass of
common salt dissolved against water temperature.
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Modul al-Kimiya Tingkatan 4
Jisim/g
Mass/g
60
50
40
30
20
10
Suhu/°C
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Temperature/°C
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Pengenalan kepada Kimia/Introduction to Chemistry
Suhu (°C)
0 20 40 60
Temperature (°C)
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Modul al-Kimiya Tingkatan 4
9.
Dilute acid
Asid cair
Set A Set B
Rajah 1.2/Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan satu eksperimen yang dijalankan untuk menyiasat kesan saiz
zink kepada kadar tindak balas. Masa yang diambil untuk setiap tindak balas tersebut
direkodkan.
Diagram 1.2 shows an experiment which is conducted to investigate the affect of size of
zinc on rate of reaction. The time taken for each of the reaction is recorded.
Set A Set B
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Pengenalan kepada Kimia/Introduction to Chemistry
Modul
al-kimiya
11