-RLEPX

:SV[SVX 
)MRPIMXYRK 
 (IV+IKIRWXERH 
 6IRXIRVIJSVQ(MI;IMGLIRWXIPPYRK 
 (EW9QPEKIZIVJELVIR  
 (MI6IRXIRERTEWWYRK  
 :IVWMGLIVYRKSHIV*²VWSVKI  
 (IV&YRHIW^YWGLY—  
 4VSKRSWIRYRH&IVIGLRYRKIR  
 7GLPY—FI[IVXYRK  
 4EVXIMIR^YV6IRXI 
 4VSKVEQQIHIV74( 
 4VSKVEQQIHIV'(9 
 4VSKVEQQIHIV*(4 
 (MI>[MWGLIR^IMXFMW 
 6IRXIRVIJSVQ
(MIIVWXIR/SVVIOXYVIR 
 (MI7]WXIQJVEKI 
 (MIFIWGLPSWWIRIR1E—RELQIR 
E(IV&YRHIW^YWGLY— 
F&IMXVEKWIVL¸LYRK 
G:IVWMGLIVYRKWTJPMGLXKVIR^I 
H(IV/VEROIRZIVWMGLIVYRKWFIMXVEK 
I(MI6²GOPEKI 
 )VKIFRMW 
 (MIWS^MEPPMFIVEPI/SEPMXMSR6SPPIR[IGLWIP 


 6IRXIRVIJSVQ
(MI;ELRWMRRWHIFEXXIR
 (MIÍFIVWGL²WWI
 6IRXIRJSVQIPYRH6IRXIRERTEWWYRK
 (EW;YRWGLTEOIXHIV/SEPMXMSR
E1MRHIWXVIRXI
FJPI\MFPI%PXIVWKVIR^I
GÓJJRYRKHIV6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK
J²V7IPFWXÇRHMKIYRH,EYWJVEYIR
H(EW&EF]NELV
I(IV/VEROIRZIVWMGLIVYRKWFIMXVEK
 (IV)RHWTYVX
 *MRER^IR
 (MI>[MWGLIR^IMXFMW
4EVXIMTVSKVEQQIFMW
6IRXIRVIJSVQ(MI)VR²GLXIVYRK
 (MI6IKMIVYRKWIVOPÇVYRK
 (MIIVWXI)XETTI

 (MI^[IMXI)XETTI 


 4VSKVEQQEVFIMXHIV4EVXIMIRFMW

 4VSKVEQQIHIV*(4

 E(MI8LIWIR^YV%PXIVWWMGLIVYRK

 F4EVXIMXEKWFIWGLPY—,ERRSZIV

 4VSKVEQQIHIV'(9

 E4EVXIMXEKWFIWGLP²WWI


 F1SHIPPHIV1MXXIPWXERHWZIVIMRMKYRK
HIV'(9'79

 4VSKVEQQEYWWEKIRHIV74(

 6IRXIRVIJSVQ(IVXV²KIVMWGLI*VMIHI 

 6²GOFPMGOYRH%YWFPMGO 

(MI%YXSVMR 
4IVWSRIRVIKMWXIV



:SV[SVX
ÍFIV HMI 6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK [MVH MR (IYXWGLPERH TVEOXMWGL WIMX
&IWXILIR HIV &YRHIWVITYFPMO HMWOYXMIVX (MI ^ELPVIMGLIR TEVPE
QIRXEVMWGLIR (IFEXXIR WMRH MR HIR 4VSXSOSPPIR HIW (IYXWGLIR
&YRHIWXEKIWJIWXKILEPXIR[IVWMIPIWIR[MPPLEXJVIMIR>YKERK
%FIV OEYQ IMR 4SPMXMOIV HIV LIYXI MR HIV :IVERX[SVXYRK WXILX
OÇQI EYJ HMI -HII HMIWI EPXIR (IFEXXIR REGL^YPIWIR (MI +I
KIR[EVXLEXWGLPMI—PMGLKIRYKIMKIRI4VSFPIQIHMIREGL0¸WYRK
WGLVIMIR%YGL+MWIPE&EFIPLEXWMGLIVWXREGLMLVIV>IMXEPWEOXM
ZI 7S^MEPTSPMXMOIVMR QMX HIV +IWGLMGLXI HIV 6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK
WIMXFIJEWWX(EFIMMWXMLVI%FWMGLXOPEVEYJHMI+IKIR[EVX
YRH >YOYRJX TSPMXMWGLIR ,ERHIPRW KIVMGLXIX IVWX [IV KIREY
[IM—QMX[IPGLIR%VKYQIRXIRYRH7GLIMREVKYQIRXIRQMX[IP
GLIR 8EXWEGLIRZIVFMIKYRKIR YRH 8VMGOW HMI ;ELVLIMX ²FIV HMI
6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK MQQIV [MIHIV ZIVFSVKIR [YVHI MWX J²V HMI
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(MI 2EGLJSVWGLYRKIR +MWIPE &EFIPW LEFIR )VWXEYRPMGLIW ^YXEKI
KIJ¸VHIVX(MIJ²RJEYWKI[ÇLPXIR(IFEXXIRKIFIRKIVEHI^YIMRI
8VEKMOSQ¸HMIy6IRXIRlMRJ²RJ%OXIR;IVHMIWI%VFIMXPMIWX[MVH
&IXIYIVYRKIR ²FIV WMGLIVI 6IRXIR ²FIV WSPMHI *MRER^IR ²FIV
IMRIR WS^MEP KIVIGLXIR %YWKPIMGL O²RJXMK RMGLX QILV SLRI [IM
XIVIWKPEYFIR(IRRZSR%RJERKER[MVHHIYXPMGL(MI4SPMXMOLEX
WMGL  HIV FI[ÇLVXIR 6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK HYVGL 9QWXIPPYRK
EYJ HEW 9QPEKIZIVJELVIR FIQÇGLXMKX YRH WMI ZSR HE ER YRXIV
HIQ >[ERK HIV *MRER^IRKTÇWWI LIQQYRKWPSW QERMTYPMIVX (IR
&²VKIVRHIR6IRXRIVRYRH:IVWMGLIVXIRMWXHEV²FIVMR;ELPTVS
KVEQQIRWSKYX[MIRMGLXWZIVQMXXIPX[SVHIR
1EROERREYW+MWIPE&EFIPW7XYHMIIMRI1IRKIPIVRIREFIV^[IM
0ILVIRWTVMRKIRFIWSRHIVWMRW%YKI)VWXIRWHMI4SPMXMWMIVYRKMWX
HEWTYVI+MJXJ²VIMR%PXIVWZSVWSVKIW]WXIQ^[IMXIRWHEW9QPE


KIZIVJELVIROSQQXRMGLXRYVHIQTSPMXMWGLIR>YKVMJJFIWSRHIVW
[MPPJÇLVMK IRXKIKIR IW MWX EYGL PERKJVMWXMK RMGLX KIIMKRIX HMI
4VSFPIQI ^Y P¸WIR r NIHIRJEPPW RMGLX EPPIMR YRH EYGL RMGLX QMX
IMRIV WS ^EKLEJXIR OETMXEPKIHIGOXIR )VKÇR^YRK [MI WMI ;EPXIV
6MIWXIVNIX^XMQQIVLMRIMRKIPIMXIXLEX
(IV /IVRWEX^ EYJ HIQ HMI IVWXI HMIWIV FIMHIR 0ILVIR KV²RHIX
JMRHIX WMGL WGLSR EYJ 7IMXI  r YRH HIV 6IWX HIW &YGLIW MWX
EYGLRIFIRZMIPIQERHIVIRIMRIJEWXIRHPSWI6IMLIZSR:EVME
XMSRIR^YHMIWIQ8LIQEy;MIZMIPHMIEVFIMXIRHI+IRIVEXMSRZSR
MLVIQ)MROSQQIRJ²VHMI6IRXRIVFIVIMX^YWXIPPIRLEX[EVMRHMI
,ERHHIV4SPMXMOKIPIKXYRHIFIRWS[MIZMIP6IRXIHEVEYWJ²VHIR
)MR^IPRIRIV[YGLWl(MIWI*IWXWXIPPYRKFI^MILXWMGLEYJHMIy+I
RIVEPVIJSVQlZSRYRHWMIMWX^YXVIJJIRHFMWEYJHIRLIYXM
KIR8EK
)WMWXFIQIVOIRW[IVXHMI)VOIRRXRMWHEWW4SPMXMOQERGLQEPHEW
4VSFPIQ MWX [S WMI HMI 0¸WYRK ^Y WIMR ZSVKMFX ZSR IMRIV IRKE
KMIVXIR4SPMXMOIVMRZSVKIWIX^X^YFIOSQQIR+I[MWWOSQQXWSP
GLIV)MRWMGLXHMI(MWXER^^YKYXIEYWHIVHMIILIQEPMKI%FKISVH
RIXIHEW8VIMFIRHIV4SPMXMOIVFIXVEGLXIX;EWHMIWIQ&YGLEFIV
WIMRIRWTI^MJMWGLIR6IM^YRH;IVXKMFXMWXHMI/SQFMREXMSRHMI
WIV(MWXER^QMXHIVIMKIRIR)VJELVYRKEPWEOXMZI4SPMXMOIVMR(MIWI
*VEY[IM—[SZSRWMIVIHIXMLVI)VOIRRXRMWWIWMRHZSRFPYXPSWIV
8LISVMIQIMPIR[IMXIRXJIVRX
(E ²FIVVEWGLX IW EYGL RMGLX QILV HEWW WMI HMI IMKIRI 4EVXIM
HYVGLEYW RMGLX WGLSRX )W JMRHIX WMGL QERGLI OVMXMWGLI %RQIV
OYRK ²FIV HMI TEVPEQIRXEVMWGLIR YRH EY—IVTEVPEQIRXEVMWGLIR
0MFIVEPIR HMI MGL EYW ZIVWXÇRHPMGLIR +V²RHIR RMGLX EYGL RSGL
MQ:SV[SVXFVIMXXVIXIR[MPP%FIVIWMWXEYGLXV¸WXPMGLJIWXWXIPPIR
^YO¸RRIRHEWWFIMEPPIR*ILPIVRHMIEYGLWMIQEGLXIRHMI0M
FIVEPIR HSGL MR HIR QIMWXIR *ÇPPIR IMR [IRMK [IMXIV ²FIV HIR
8IPPIVVERHHIVRÇGLWXIR;ELPLMREYWKIWILIRLEFIREPWMLVI/SR
OYVVIRXIR


>Y IMRIV [MVOPMGL VEHMOEPIR 0¸WYRK OSRRXIR EYGL WMI WMGL RSGL
RMGLXHYVGLVMRKIR
-GLIVMRRIVIQMGLRYV^YKYXERIMRIR&YRHIWTEVXIMXEK1MXXIHIV
IV .ELVI EYJ HIQ MGL ZIVWYGLXI KIQIMRWEQ QMX HIR .YRKIR
0MFIVEPIR IMRIR &IWGLPYWW ^YV )MRJ²LVYRK HIW /ETMXEPHIGOYRKW
ZIVJELVIRW HYVGL^YWIX^IR (MI >ELP HIV 2IMR7XMQQIR [EV IMR
HVYGOWZSPP
-GLJVIYIQMGLHMI%VFIMX+MWIPE&EFIPWEPWIMRI4YFPMOEXMSRHIW
0MFIVEPIR -RWXMXYXW HIV *VMIHVMGL2EYQERR7XMJXYRK IMRIV LSJ
JIRXPMGL EYWKIHILRXIR 0IWIVWGLEJX ZSVPIKIR ^Y O¸RRIR YRH
[²RWGLIHIQ&YGLIMRIKVS—I:IVFVIMXYRK

  3XXS+VEJ0EQFWHSVJJ



)MRPIMXYRK
-R HIR PIX^XIR ^[¸PJ .ELVIR LEX HIV (IYXWGLI &YRHIWXEK EPPIMR
HVIM6IJSVQIRHIVKIWIX^PMGLIR6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRKFIWGLPSWWIR
NIHIWQEP QMX KVS—IQ +ITVÇRKI 7SPMHI KIVIGLRIX WS^MEP EYWKI
WXEPXIX JMRER^MIPP EYJ JIWXIQ +VYRH KIFEYX ^YOYRJXWWMGLIV WS
LMI—IW%FIVEYGLHMIPIX^XI6IJSVQZSR;EPXIV6MIWXIV74(MWX
[MI HMI ZIVKERKIRIR QMX >[IMJIPR EYJKIRSQQIR [SVHIR (IV
TSPMXMWGLI7XVIMXFPIMFXSFHMI6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRKMRMLVIVNIX^M
KIR*SVQIMRI>YOYRJXLEX
7IMX HVIM .ELV^ILRXIR KMFX IW HMIWIR 7XVIMX %RPE— WMRH MQQIV
[MIHIVHMIEYJXVIXIRHIR*MRER^TVSFPIQIHMI^YRIYIR+IWIX^IR
^[MRKIRREGLIRHPSWIR 6IHIR YRH :IVLERHPYRKIR²FIV XEYKPM
GLI :SVWGLPÇKI ;EVYQ EFIV HMI HIYXWGLI 6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK
HMI6ITEVEXYV[IVOWXEXXRMGLXZIVPEWWIROERRFPIMFXMQ9ROPEVIR
7IMX WMI  ^YRÇGLWX EPW -RZEPMHIRZIVWMGLIVYRK ZSR &MWQEVGO
IMRKIJ²LVX[YVHIMWXWMIHMI+VYRHPEKIJ²VHIR0IFIRWYRXIVLEPX
HIV QIMWXIR EPXIR 1IRWGLIR MR (IYXWGLPERH 1ER WTVMGLX RMGLX

SLRI4EXLSWZSRMLVIV>ÇLPIFMKOIMXYRH%RTEWWYRKWJÇLMKOIMX 7MI
LEFI^[IM;IPXOVMIKIYRHHMI-RJPEXMSR²FIVPIFXWMILEFIWMGLMR
HIR YRXIVWGLMIHPMGLWXIR 7XEEXWJSVQIR FI[ÇLVX MQ /EMWIVVIMGL
IFIRWS [MI MR HIV ;IMQEVIV 6ITYFPMO YRH MR HIV &SRRIV 6ITY
FPMO ;EW PMIKX EPWS RÇLIV EPW MLV IMR YRFIKVIR^XIW ;IMXIVPIFIR
ZSVEYW^YWEKIR#
(SGL EPPQÇLPMGL WGL[MRHIX HMI >YZIVWMGLX HE— WMGL EYGL HMI
RIYIRHVÇRKIRHIR4VSFPIQIIMRIVWMGLZIVÇRHIVRHIR%VFIMXW[IPX
YRH HIW ZIVÇRHIVXIR %PXIVWEYJFEYW HIV &IZ¸POIVYRK MRRIVLEPF
HIV KIWIX^PMGLIR 6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK P¸WIR PEWWIR )MRI 6IJSVQ
HMI HEW 7]WXIQ MR *VEKI WXIPPX KMFX IW HIRRSGL RMGLX 0MIFIV WM

 :KP^& (V &P²Q '(9'79 &84VSOSPPI  ;ELPTIVMSHI  7MX^YRK

1




GLIVXQERIMRLSLIWMPPYWMSRÇVIW6IRXIRRMZIEYYRHFIWXIPPXHIR
7XEEXEPW+EVERXIRJ²VHMIIVJSVHIVPMGLIR*MRER^QMXXIP7SJPMI—IR
LIYXI 1ILV[IVXWXIYIV YRH ÓOSWXIYIV ^YWÇX^PMGL ^Y HIR LSLIR
&IMXVÇKIR MR HMI 6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK WS HE— HMI )MRRELQIR
WGLSR^YIMRIQ(VMXXIPEYW7XIYIVKIPHIVRWXEQQIR
7IMX HIV ;MIHIVZIVIMRMKYRK KMPX HEW EPXI NI[IMPW VIJSVQMIVXI
6IRXIRVIGLX EYGL [MIHIV J²V EPPI ZIVWMGLIVXIR YRH MR 6IRXI PI
FIRHIR &²VKIV MR 3WXHIYXWGLPERH 7MI [IVHIR HMI 7XVIMXMKOIMXIR
MRHIR.ELVIRHEZSVOEYQQMXZIVJSPKXLEFIR,IYXIWMRHWMIHMI
)VFIR EPPIV :SV^²KI HMIWIV 7S^MEPZIVWMGLIVYRK EFIV EYGL EPPIV
9RKIVIMQXLIMXIRYRH+IJELVIR7MI[IVHIRRSGL[IRMKIVEPWHMI
&²VKIVMQ;IWXIRHMI:SVKÇRKIZIVWXILIRO¸RRIR
(MI 7GL[MIVMKOIMXIR QMX HIRIR HMI 6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK ^Y
OÇQTJIR LEX FIVYLIR MQ +VYRHI EYJ HIV TSPMXMWGLIR )RXWGLIM
HYRKZSR
(MIYVWTV²RKPMGLI+IWXEPXHIV6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRKZSR[EV
IMRIERHIVI7MI[EVEYWWGLPMI—PMGLIMRI*SVQHIV)MKIRZSVWSVKI
J²VHEW%PXIVFIMHIVHMIIMRKI^ELPXIR&IMXVÇKIEYJHIR6IRXIR
FIKMRRHIW:IVWMGLIVXIRKPIMGLWEQ[EVXIXIR)VWX[YVHIMQ
FVIMXIR TSPMXMWGLIR /SRWIRW HIV 'LEVEOXIV ZIVÇRHIVX YRH HEW
9QPEKIZIVJELVIR IVVMGLXIX (MIWI :IV[ERHPYRK YRH MLVI *SPKIR
TVÇKXIR WMGL MQ &I[Y—XWIMR HIV &IZ¸POIVYRK EFIV RMGLX IMR
2EGL[MIZSVLIVVWGLXHIV+PEYFIHE—HMIZSR%VFIMXKIFIVYRH
%VFIMXRILQIV IMRKI^ELPXIR &IMXVÇKI FIM HIV 6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK
PMIKIRHSVXFPIMFIRYRHWMGLEQ)RHIHIW%VFIMXWPIFIRWMRQS
REXPMGL EYWKI^ELPXI 6IRXIR J²V HIR :IVWMGLIVXIR ZIV[ERHIPR -R
;MVOPMGLOIMX[IVHIRHMI&IMXVÇKIEFIVWSJSVXEYWKIKIFIRYRHJ²V
HIR0IFIRWYRXIVLEPXERHIVIVRÇQPMGLHIVLIYXMKIR6IRXRIVZIV
[IRHIX y4E]EW]SYKS7]WXIQl RIRRX QER HEW EYGL %YJ HIR
:IVWMGLIVXIR[EVXIXRYVIMR7X²GO4ETMIVEYJHIQWIMR6IRXIR
ERWTVYGLZIVFVMIJXWXILXYRHHMIFERKI*VEKI[EWHMIWIW7X²GO
4ETMIV ^YQ >IMXTYROX HIW 6IRXIRFIKMRRW MR ,IPPIV YRH 4JIRRMK
[IVXMWXOERRRMGLXFIERX[SVXIX[IVHIR;MIYRWMGLIVYRHEF


LÇRKMKZSRHIVNI[IMPMKIR4SPMXMOHEWMWXELRIRZMIPI[MWWIREFIV
RYV[IRMKI
7IMX HMI 6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK MLVIR 'LEVEOXIV HIV )MKIRZSVWSVKI
ZIVPSVIRLEXMWXWMI^YQGLVSRMWGL/VEROIRHIVHIYXWGLIR7S^M
EPTSPMXMO KI[SVHIR -R NIHIV TSPMXMWGLIR /SRWXIPPEXMSR YRH ZSR
YRXIVWGLMIHPMGLWXIR4SPMXMOIVRMWXERMLVLIVYQKIHSOXIVX[SVHIR
yEPW 8IMP ZSR NIRIV /VEJX HMI WXIXW HEW +YXI [MPP YRH WXIXW HEW
&¸WIWGLEJJXlWSO¸RRXIQERHIRy*EYWXlZIVOILVX^MXMIVIR
>YRÇGLWXP¸WXIHMI6IJSVQZSRJEWXRYV.YFIPEYWYRH[YV
HIEYGLRSGL.ELV^ILRXIWTÇXIVEPWKVS—IWS^MEPI)VVYRKIRWGLEJX
KIJIMIVX (MI 6IRXIR [YVHIR HEQEPW HIYXPMGL IVL¸LX YRH ^[EV
ZSRNIX^XEYJKPIMGLYRHWMIWSPPXIRXIMPLEFIREQ;EGLWXYQHIV
HIYXWGLIR ;MVXWGLEJX MR HIR JSPKIRHIR .ELVIR /EWWERHVEVYJI
HMI IW EYGL KEF ZIVLEPPXIR YRKIL¸VX HMI >[IMJPIV YRH 1ELRIV
HVERKIRRMGLXHYVGL
&EPH EFIV FI[ELVLIMXIXIR WMGL EPPI &IJ²VGLXYRKIR (MI JMRER
^MIPPIR 4VSFPIQI RELQIR ^Y WMI J²LVXIR HE^Y HE— 7GLVMXX J²V
7GLVMXX RIYIW +IPH REGLKIWGLSFIR [IVHIR QY—XI /EYQ [EVIR
HMI*MRER^IRIMRMKIVQE—IRKISVHRIXOEQHMIRÇGLWXI/VMWIYRH
HVÇRKXI ^Y RIYIR 1ERMTYPEXMSRIR (MI 6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK [EV
YRHFPMIFIMR7SVKIROMRH
1MX[IPGLIR1MXXIPRLEXHMI4SPMXMOHMI7ERMIVYRKNI[IMPWFIXVMI
FIR# ;MI LEX WMI MLV ,ERHIPR IVOPÇVX SHIV ZIVWGLPIMIVX# ;IPGLI
9RXIVWGLMIHI KEF IW ^[MWGLIR HIR 4EVXIMIR YRH [IV [EKXI IW
HMI;ELVLIMX^YWEKIR#
(IR%YJWGLPY—²FIVHMIWI*VEKIRQY—QERRMGLXMR+ILIMQHS
OYQIRXIRWYGLIRHMI4VSXSOSPPIHIW(IYXWGLIR&YRHIWXEKWWMRH
NIHIVQERR ^YKÇRKPMGL (IRRSGL PMIKIR HMIWI :SVKÇRKI [IMXKI
LIRHMQ(YROIPR(IV+VYRHMWXHE—HEW6IRXIRXLIQEEPWPERK
[IMPMKYRHWGL[MIVMKKMPXHE—HMI6IHIRREGL^YPIWIRRYVWIPXIR
:IVKR²KIR QEGLX YRH WMGL HEW (VEQE RYV Q²LWEQ 7GLVMXX J²V
7GLVMXXLIVEYWWGLÇPIRPǗX


1MX HMIWIV 7GLVMJX WSPP HIV ;IK MR HMI :IVKERKIRLIMX ^Y HIR
[MGLXMKWXIR 6IRXIRHIFEXXIR ^YV²GOZIVJSPKX YRH HEFIM EYJKI
^IMKX [IVHIR [IPGLI )RXWGLIMHYRKIR MR HIV >IMX ZSR r
KIXVSJJIRYRH[MIWMIFIKV²RHIX[YVHIR+VYRHPEKIWMRHEPWSHMI
4VSXSOSPPI HIV &YRHIWXEKWHIFEXXIR 7MI SJJIRFEVIR HMI 7TVEGLI
HIV4SPMXMOYRH[MIQERHMI8EXWEGLIRZIVXYWGLXYRHYQWMILIV
YQKIVIHIXLEX7MI^IMKIREYGL[MIHMIFIXIMPMKXIR4EVXIMIRMQ
QIV MR :IVWYGLYRK [EVIR QMX HIV 6IRXIRXLIQEXMO [IMXI 8IMPI
HIV &IZ¸POIVYRK ^Y FIKP²GOIR YRH HEHYVGL ;ÇLPIV J²V WMGL ^Y
KI[MRRIR
(IW[IKIR [YVHIR EYGL HMI 4EVXIMXEKWFIWGLP²WWI YRH ;ELPTVS
KVEQQI LIVERKI^SKIR HE WMI %YWOYRJX KIFIR ²FIV HMI %FWMGL
XIR HIV YQ HMI 6IKMIVYRKWZIVERX[SVXYRK OÇQTJIRHIR 4EVXIMIR
-RHIV 6IRXIRJVEKI HEW IV[MIW WMGL FIM NIHIQ 6IKMIVYRKW[IGL
WIP[EVHMI6SPPIHIV3TTSWMXMSRHMI[IMXEYWFIUYIQIVIHMIHIV
6IKMIVYRK HMI KIJÇLVPMGLIVI (E QER HEW (VEQE EFIV MR [IGL
WIPRHIV &IWIX^YRK WTMIPXI OSRRXI MQ 0EYJI HIV >IMX MQQIV HMI
IMRI 4EVXIM EYJ ^YV²GOPMIKIRHI 7²RHIR HIV ERHIVIR ZIV[IMWIR
SLRIHE—IWHIWLEPFWGLSR^YZIVR²RJXMKIQ,ERHIPREPPIV&IXIM
PMKXIRKIOSQQIR[ÇVI
(MIÓJJIRXPMGLOIMXLEXHMI%YWIMRERHIVWIX^YRKIR²FIV6IRXIRJVE
KIR MRXIVIWWMIVX [IRRKPIMGL RMGLX MQQIV WEGLOYRHMK FIKPIMXIX
(MI7EGLZIVLEPXIPMI—IRWMGLMRWGLPEKOVÇJXMKIÍFIVWGLVMJXIRJEW
WIRy(MI6IRXIR[IVHIRKIO²V^XHMI6IRXIR[IVHIRIVL¸LXHMI
6IRXIRWMRHWMGLIVl%FIVHMIHIR7GL[MIVMKOIMXIR^YKVYRHIPMI
KIRHIR9VWEGLIRWMRHHEFIMSJXRMGLXLMRPÇRKPMGLIVOPÇVX[SVHIR
QERGLI;SVXQSRWXIV[MI^&HIVHIQSKVETLMWGLIV*EOXSV²FVM
KIRWEYGLRMGLX
&IKPIMXIXLEFIRHMI+IWIX^IWZIVJELVIRWXIXWIMR,IIVZSR)\TIV
XIR ;MWWIRWGLEJXPIVR YRH 4VEOXMOIVR -LVI 'LERGI )MRJPY— EYJ
HMI4SPMXMO^YRILQIR[EVKIVMRK)WIVKMRKMLRIR[MI&Y—TVIHM
KIVR FIM MLVIR +PÇYFMKIR QER L¸VXI MLVIR ;EVRYRKIR WGLEY
HIVRH^YLERHIPXIEFIVERHIVW-RHIVZSVPMIKIRHIR7GLVMJX[MVH


MLRIRHEW;SVXJEWXZ¸PPMKIRX^SKIRIWWIMHIRRWMIXEYGLXIRMR
HIV (IFEXXI EPW /VSR^IYKI J²V IMRI TSPMXMWGLI &ILEYTXYRK EYJ
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4EVXIMIRHMI1MRMWXIVHMI6IKMIVYRK*²RJEYWKI[ÇLPXI6IRXIR
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FIMXWQMRMWXIVR [IVHIR ^IMKIR [MI HMI KIWIX^PMGLI 6IRXIRZIVWM
GLIVYRKHIV4SPMXMOEYWHIQ6YHIVPMIJ
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J²RJ )\TIVXIR MR HIV &YRHIWVITYFPMO KIFIR HMI IW [MVOPMGL
HYVGLWGLEYIRYRHFILIVVWGLIR>YHMIWIRKIL¸VXHMI:IVJEWWIVMR
KI[M— RMGLX ;EW QMV EFIV MQ +IKIRWEX^ ^Y HIR )\TIVXIR ZIV
XVEYX MWX HEW WMRH 7XVEXIKMIR YRH 8IGLRMOIR HIW TSPMXMWGLIR
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Frau Kalinke, ebd.


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HIV74( 
y(MI74(LEXHMI%RTEWWYRKHIV6IRXIRER&VYXXSP¸LRIYRHKILÇPXIVIV
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—IRQY—XIYRHHMIYRXIRRSGLRÇLIV^YFILERHIPRWMRH(EJ²V
EFIVHMI[SLPOPMRKIRHI:IVWTVIGLYRK


EYW.ELVFYGLHIV7S^MEPHIQSOVEXMWGLIR4EVXIM7

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IFH

6IKMIVYRKWTVSKVEQQHIV7S^MEPHIQSOVEXMWGLIR4EVXIM(IYXWGLPERHW
7


 y;MV [IVHIR HMI H]REQMWGLI 6IRXI HYVGL PERKJVMWXMKI *MRER^KVYRHPEKIR
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GLIVYRK HYVGLWIX^IR 2EGL %YJRELQI EPPIV %RKIWXIPPXIR MR HMI 6IRXIR
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HMI8IMPRELQIERHIVWS^MEPIR%PXIVWZIVWMGLIVYRKIVQ¸KPMGLX(MI74([MVH
WGLVMXX[IMWIHMI;ELPJVIMLIMXHIV%PXIVWKVIR^IIMRJ²LVIRl
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HMIJMRER^MIPPI7XEXMOHIV6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRKWGLSR[EVYRH[MI
KIREYHMI)MRKI[IMLXIRHEV²FIV&IWGLIMH[Y—XIR%FIVMQQIV
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IVWXEYRIR HIV HMI 7S^MEPHIQSOVEXIR MR (IFEXXIR ²FIV WS^MEPI
7MGLIVLIMXOIRRX

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 IMRI :SVPEKI YRH ^YKPIMGL yFEPHQ¸KPMGLWXl HMI %RTEWWYRK
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4IXIV,MR^I,VWK(MI'(94EVXIMTVSKVEQQI7<-:

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WEKX
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IQTJERH QER HMI 2SX[IRHMKOIMX IX[EW 2IYIW ^Y JSVQYPMIVIR
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WMGLX


4VSKVEQQIHIV*(4
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KVEQQIRZSRYRHKEFIWIVWXMQ&IVPMRIV4VSKVEQQ
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7GLSREYJHIV&VIQIV4PEXXJSVQZSROEQHIV+IHEROI^YQ
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HMI6IRXIRMRWKIWEQXWSRMIHVMKWIMIR7SLIM—XIW
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7S^MEPZIVWMGLIVYRKWXVÇKIV 7MI Q²WWIR KIWGL²X^X [IVHIR ZSV JMWOEPMWGLIR
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GLIR*MRER^FIHEVJTVIMWKIKIFIRLEFIR7XEEXPMGLI>YWGL²WWIWMRHRSX
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(MI %REP]WI MWX ^YXVIJJIRH HMI *SVHIVYRK FIVIGLXMKX (MI *(4
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WXILXHEWMQZIVEFWGLMIHIXIR7S^MEPTVSKVEQQ
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%YWKPIMGLHIVHYVGLHMI;ÇLVYRKWVIJSVQIVPMXXIRIR:IVPYWXIJMRER^MIPPRIY
^YYRXIVFEYIRl


 4IXIV .YPMRK 4VSKVEQQEXMWGLI )RX[MGOPYRK HIV *(4 FMW  
7

 4IXIV .YPMRK 4VSKVEQQEXMWGLI )RX[MGOPYRK HIV *(4  FMW  
7


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HIR'LEVEOXIVHIW7GLEHIRWIVWEX^IWLEFIRWSPPXIR(EV²FIVLMR
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6IJSVQKIVEHI^Y)RHIKIKERKIR[EV>YQLIM—FI
OÇQTJXIR9QPEKIZIVJELVIRJMRHIXWMGLEPPIVHMRKWOIMR;SVX(MI
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XVIJJIR O¸RRIR (MI 2IYSVHRYRK WSPP EYGL HMI 2SX[IRHMKOIMX
FIV²GOWMGLXMKIR HE— HIV IVEVFIMXIXI 0IFIRWWXERHEVH RMGLX EF
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Q¸GLXIHMI*(4HMI&IWIMXMKYRKHIVHYVGLHMI;ÇLVYRKWYQWXIP
PYRK IRXWXERHIRIR ,ÇVXIR YQ EYGL LMIV HEW :IVXVEYIR MR HMI
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JSVHIVX SLRI WMGL HIWLEPF WGLSR ^YQ 9QPEKIZIVJELVIR ^Y FI
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:SVWSVKI
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[MIHIV IVQYRXIVX  y;IV EYW IMKIRIV /VEJX J²V WIMR %PXIV WSVKX
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7S^MEPTSPMXMOIVJSVHIVX
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4IXIV.YPMRK4VSKVEQQEXMWGLI)RX[MGOPYRKHIV*(47

IFH7


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KVYRHPIKIRHI %PXIVREXMZI ^YQ FIWGLPSWWIRIR 9QPEKIZIVJELVIR
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ZSVWMX^IRHI HIV *(4 ;SPJKERK 1MWGLRMGO HIV WIMRI +IHEROIR
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1MWGLRMGO *EPPW IW ^Y OIMRIR âRHIVYRKIR HIV KIWIX^PMGLIR &I
HMRKYRKIRZSROÇQIQ²—XIRHMI&IMXVEKWWÇX^IZSREYJ
r ERKILSFIR SHIV HIV &YRHIW^YWGLY— ZSR  1VH
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;SPJKERK1MWGLRMGO  WGLPYK RYR ZSV HMI -RZEPMHIRZIVWMGLIVYRK
EYWHIV6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRKEYW^YKPMIHIVRYRHWMIHIV/VEROIR
YRH 9RJEPPZIVWMGLIVYRK ^Y^YSVHRIR MR HIV VMGLXMKIR )MRWGLÇX
^YRK HE— RYV HMIWI :IVWMGLIVYRK IMRI IGLXI 6MWMOSZIVWMGLIVYRK
MWX [SLMRKIKIR HMI %PXIVWWMGLIVYRK EPW yRSVQEPI )VWGLIMRYRKl
FIXVEGLXIX[IVHIRWSPPXIHMIMRIMRIQWS^MEPIR6IGLXWWXEEXIMRI
7IPFWXZIVWXÇRHPMGLOIMXWIM)VWGLPYK[IMXIVZSVHMIKIXVIRRXKI
^ELPXIR%VFIMXKIFIVYRH%VFIMXRILQIVFIMXVÇKIEPWIMRLIMXPMGLIR
0SLRFIWXERHXIMP EYW^Y[IMWIR yYQ HEQMX NIHIQ IMR^IPRIR MRW
&I[Y—XWIMR ^Y VYJIR [IPGLI %YJ[IRHYRKIR J²V HMI WS^MEPI 7M
GLIVYRKRSX[IRHMKWMRHl
*²V HMI %PXIVWZIVWSVKYRK FEYXI IV HVIM 7XYJIR IVWXIRW HMI 7SO
OIPVIRXI ^[IMXIRW HMI :IVWMGLIVYRKWVIRXI HVMXXIRW HMI )MKIR
ZSVWSVKI
(MIYRXIVWXI7XYJI[EVHMI7SGOIPVIRXIJ²VNIHIVQERREY—IVHIR
4IRWMSRÇVIRWMIWSPPXI²FIV7XIYIVRJMRER^MIVX[IVHIRYRHIMRI
%VX ;ÇLVYRKWKEVERXMI IVLEPXIR EPWS RYV KER^ ZSVWMGLXMK ERKI
LSFIR [IVHIR (IV ^Y HMIWIV >IMX KI^ELPXI &YRHIW^YWGLY— ZSR
1VH(1WSPPXIEYWHIV6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK^YHMIWIQ>[IGO
LIVEYWKIRSQQIR[IVHIRYRHHMI*MRER^MIVYRKWMGLIVR
(MI ^[IMXI 7XYJI [EV HMI :IVWMGLIVYRKWVIRXI 7MI WSPPXI EYW 
NÇLVMKIV &IMXVEKW^ELPYRK IRXWXILIR FIM IMRIQ &IMXVEKWWEX^ ZSR
 YRH QMX IX[E  .ELVIR IVVIMGLX [IVHIR O¸RRIR 2EGL
HMIWIV>IMXMRHIVHVMXXIR7XYJIWSPPXINIHIVWIPFWXIRXWGLIMHIRHMI
RYRQILVJVIMIRHIW)MROSQQIRWIRX[IHIV[IMXIV^Y^ELPIR
YRH HMI 6IRXI HEQMX EYJ^YWXSGOIR SHIV EFIV WMI MR ERHIVIR
7TEVJSVQIRER^YPIKIR
(MIWI :IVWMGLIVYRKWTJPMGLX O¸RRI QER EYGL 7IPFWXÇRHMKIR EYJ
IVPIKIRIX[EREGLHIQ1YWXIVHIV,ERH[IVOIVZIVWMGLIVYRK


 1MWGLRMGO MR 7S^MEPTSPMXMWGLI 1MXXIMPYRKIR +IHEROIR ^YV 2IYKIWXEPXYRK
HIV%PXIVWZSVWSVKI


,IYXIOERRQER²FIVHMI%OXYEPMXÇXHMIWIW:SVWGLPEKIWRYVWXEY
RIR (MI 7SGOIPVIRXI IVJ²PPX I\EOX HMI :SVEYWWIX^YRK IMRIW ZSQ
7XEEX^YKEVERXMIVIRHIRyQMRMQYQZMXEPIlYRHP¸WXHEW4VSFPIQ
HIV %PXIVWEVQYX HEW NE MRRIVLEPF IMRIV PSLRFI^SKIRIR 6IRXIR
ZIVWMGLIVYRK RMGLX KIP¸WX [IVHIR OERR (MI :IVWMGLIVYRKWVIRXI
WSPPXIRMGLXEYWHIV9QPEKIWSRHIVRHIRIMRKI^ELPXIR&IMXVÇKIR
YRH HIVIR :IV^MRWYRK IV[EGLWIR 7GLPMI—PMGL KEF IW MR HMIWIQ
/SR^ITX HIR *VIMVEYQ ^YV [IMXIVIR )MKIRZSVWSVKI MR EPPIR *SV
QIR HIV /ETMXEPFMPHYRK ZSQ 7TEVFYGL ²FIV ;SLRIMKIRXYQ FMW
^YV%OXMI
%YGL ²FIV HMI >IMXVÇYQI HIW ÍFIVKERKW KEF IW HYVGLHEGLXI
:SVWGLPÇKI[SFIM;SPJKERK1MWGLRMGOILIVJ²VIMRIOYV^IÍFIV

KERKW^IMXIMRXVEX (IRRy;MVO¸RRIRHMI(MRKIKV²RHPMGL²FIV
PIKIR ;MV LEFIR EFIV RMGLX HMI >IMX WMI ^Y ZIVXEKIR YQ HERR
[MIHIVYQ [MI WS SJX MR YRWIVIV TEVPEQIRXEVMWGLIR +IWGLMGLXI
HIVRIYIWXIR>IMXOYV^JVMWXMK)RXWGLIMHYRKIRXVIJJIR^YQ²WWIR
HMIRMGLXKIR²KIRHEYWKIVIMJXWMRHl
(EW+ER^IIVWGLIMRXYRWLIYXIWSEPWLEFIHIV%V^XVIGLX^IMXMK
REGL VMGLXMKIV (MEKRSWI ^YV 3TIVEXMSR KIVEXIR HMI IMRI Z¸PPMKI
+IRIWYRK LIVFIMKIJ²LVX LÇXXI %FIV RMGLX IMRQEP HMI IMKIRI
4EVXIM LEX HMI 6MGLXMKOIMX HIV (MEKRSWI [ELVLEFIR [SPPIR KI
WGL[IMKI HIRR HMI 8VEKJÇLMKOIMX HIW (VIM7XYJIRQSHIPP ,IYXI
[MWWIR[MVEYWHIRZMIPIR&IMWTMIPIRYRWIVIV2EGLFEVPÇRHIVHE—
HMIWIHYVGLHEGLXIR1MWGLQSHIPPIEQILIWXIRKIIMKRIXWMRHHMI
%PXIVWWMGLIVYRK EYGL FIM ZIVÇRHIVXIQ %PXIVWEYJFEY WMGLIV^Y
WXIPPIR
+ER^SLRI7TYVIRFPMIFHIV1MWGLRMGO4PERRMGLX-Q4VSKVEQQ
ZSREPWHMI*(4RMGLXMRIMRIV/SEPMXMSRIMRKIFYRHIR[EV


 7S^MEPTSPMXMWGLI 1MXXIMPYRKIR ;SPJKERK 1MWGLRMGO +IHEROIR ^YV 2IYKI
WXEPXYRKHIV%PXIVWZSVWSVKI7


WSRHIVRKIKIRFIMHI:SPOWTEVXIMIROÇQTJIRQY—XIFIWGLPS—WMI

JSPKIRHI%YWWEKI
y7S^MEPTSPMXMOWSPP7MGLIVLIMXFVMRKIREFIVRMGLX%FLÇRKMKOIMX2MGLX )MR
IRKYRKWSRHIVR7XÇVOYRKHIV)MKIRZIVERX[SVXYRKMWXHEW>MIP(EWLIM—X
J²V HMI %PXIVWZIVWMGLIVYRK .IHIQ 7XEEXWF²VKIV WSPP IMRI %PXIVWKVYRHWM
GLIVYRK KI[ÇLVX [IVHIR (MI 1MXXIP WMRH HYVGL EPPKIQIMRI 7XIYIVR YRH
IMROSQQIRWFI^SKIRI&IMXVÇKIEYJ^YFVMRKIR
.IHIV 7XEEXWF²VKIV MWX HEV²FIV LMREYW ^Y -RZEPMHMXÇXW ,MRXIVFPMIFIRIR
YRH [IMXIVIV %PXIVZSVWSVKI ZIVTJPMGLXIX (MI ,¸LI HMIWIV :SVWSVKI OERR
WMGL ER IMRIQ 4VS^IRXWEX^ WIMRIW )MROSQQIRW SHIV ER IMRIQ 7XIMKI
VYRKWWEX^ HIV +VYRHWMGLIVYRK SVMIRXMIVIR -R HIV ;ELP HIV :SVWSVKIEVX
YRH MRWXMXYXMSR WSPP [IMXKILIRH ;ELPJVIMLIMX FIWXILIR ÍFIV +VYRHWM
GLIVYRK YRH 4JPMGLXZSVWSVKI LMREYW MWX HMI :IVQ¸KIRWFMPHYRK EYGL ^YQ
>[IGOIHIV)\MWXIR^WMGLIVYRKYRH%PXIVWZSVWSVKIEYJFVIMXIV&EWMW^YJ¸V
HIVRl
9REFLÇRKMK ZSR HIV 7]WXIQJVEKI [SPPXI HMI HEQEPMKI *(4 HIR
*VIMIR&IVYJIR>YKERK^YV6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRKIVQ¸KPMGLIRYRH
HYVGL âRHIVYRK HIW 7S^MEPZIVWMGLIVYRKWVIGLXW HIR ,EYWJVEYIR
IMRIRIMKIRIR6IGLXWERWTVYGLEYJ%PXIVWWMGLIVYRKKI[ÇLVIR
)X[EW[MVVWMRHHMIWI:SVWGLPÇKIMQ:IVKPIMGL^YQ:SVWGLPEKZSR
;SPJKERK1MWGLRMGOEPPIQEP7SWSPPHMI+VYRHWMGLIVYRKWS[SLP
EYW7XIYIVR[MIEYGLEYW&IMXVÇKIRFI^ELPX[IVHIRMR[IPGLIQ
:IVLÇPXRMW FPIMFX SJJIR (MI ^YWÇX^PMGLI 4JPMGLXZIVWMGLIVYRK [MVH
MRMLVIQ:SPYQIRZ¸PPMKYRFIWXMQQXKIPEWWIR&IMHIV*¸VHIVYRK
HIV )MKIRZSVWSVKI MWX RMGLX OPEV SF WMI RYV EPPKIQIMRI )MKIR
XYQWJ¸VHIVYRKWIMRWSPPHMIWMGL^YV%PXIVWZSVWSVKIEYGLIMKRIX
SHIV IMRIV >[IGOFIWXMQQYRK YRXIVPMIKX 0IMHIV ZIVRIFIPX WMGL
HEW +ER^I RSGL HEHYVGL HE— MQ EPXIR 7]WXIQ EPWS HIQ ZSR
 OSWXWTMIPMKI 0IMWXYRKWEYW[IMXYRKIR WXILIR RÇQPMGL HMI
EYGL ZSR ERHIVIR 4EVXIMIR KI[²RWGLXI ÓJJRYRK J²V HMI *VIMIR
&IVYJI (IV )MRHVYGO WMGL ZSQ FIWXILIRHIR 7]WXIQ MRWKIWEQX


 MR 4IXIV .YPMRK 4VSKVEQQEXMWGLI )RX[MGOPYRK HIV *(4  FMW  7



P¸WIR^Y[SPPIR[MVHHEHYVGLZIV[MWGLX:SVEPPIQJILPXHMIJ²V
IMRI WSPGLI 2IYSVHRYRK TSPMXMWGL YRFIHMRKX IVJSVHIVPMGLI OVMXM
WGLI &IWXERHWEYJRELQI HIV YRLEPXFEVIR *MRER^WMXYEXMSR HIV
FIWXILIRHIR 6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK (MI WGLMIJI )FIRI LÇXXI FI
WGLVMIFIR [IVHIR Q²WWIR 7S [YRHIVX IW RMGLX HE— WGLSR HEW
RÇGLWXI;ELPTVSKVEQQHIV*(4[MIHIV^ELQ^YQ%PXIR^YV²GO
OILVXI(MI6IZSPYXMSRJERHRMGLXIMRQEPLMIVWXEXX%YJHIR*EL
RIRHIV0MFIVEPIRWXERHIRHERRRYVRSGLRSX[IRHMKI/SVVIOXY
VIR MRRIVLEPF HIW 7]WXIQW IX[E FIM HIV &VYXXSPSLRFI^SKIRIR
6IRXIRERTEWWYRK



(MI>[MWGLIR^IMXZSRr
1ERLSJJXIHE—IWKYXKILIR[IVHI9RHZIVLÇRKRMWZSPPIV
;IMWI KMRK IW EYGL KYX ^YQMRHIWX MR HIR HEVEYJJSPKIRHIR 
.ELVIRWSHE—HMINÇLVPMGLIR6IRXIRERTEWWYRKIRWGLSR^YIMRIV
%VX +I[SLRLIMXWVIGLX [YVHIR (MI 0IYXI KPEYFXIR HE— 6IR
XIRIVL¸LYRKIR WS WIPFWXZIVWXÇRHPMGL WIMIR [MI HMI NÇLVPMGLIR
0SLRWXIMKIVYRKIR YRH HIV ;MVXWGLEJXWEYJWGL[YRK ZIVLEPJ ^Y
XVEYQLEJXIR7XIMKIVYRKWVEXIR
(E MQ 4EVPEQIRX NÇLVPMGL EYW %RPE— HMIWIV 6IRXIRERTEWWYRKW
KIWIX^I ²FIV HMI 6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK HIFEXXMIVX [YVHI KEF IW
EYGLNÇLVPMGLHMIWI.YFIP%VMIR²FIVHMI4SPMXMOHMIHEWQ¸KPMGL
QEGLXI)WQMWGLXIRWMGLEFIVEYGL8¸RIHIV&IWSVKRMW²FIVHMI
O²RJXMKI )RX[MGOPYRK IMR [MI WMI ^& HIV HEQEPMKI &YRHIWEV

FIMXWQMRMWXIV&PEROERWGLPYK
y)W LEFIR RYR HMI IVWXIR ZIVWMGLIVYRKWXIGLRMWGLIR &MPER^IR JIWXKIWXIPPX
HE— WMGL HEW :IVLÇPXRMW HIV %R^ELP HIV 6IRXRIV ^YV %R^ELP HIV &IMXVEKW
^ELPIV MR HIR RÇGLWXIR .ELVIR WXÇRHMK ZIVKV¸—IVR [MVH ;IRR WMGL EFIV
HEW:IVLÇPXRMWIVL¸LX[MVHWMGLEYGLHEW:IVLÇPXRMWHIV%YWKEFIR^Y
HIR)MRRELQIRWXEVO^YHIR%YWKEFIRZIVWGLMIFIRl1MXHIQ,MR[IMWEYJ
HMIWI&MPER^IRFMXXIXIVYQL¸GLWXI%YJQIVOWEQOIMXYRHWEKXHERRy(MI
7SVKI YQ HIR &IWXERH HIV %RWTV²GLI ZSR  1MPPMSRIR 6IRXRIVR FI[IKX
QMGL^YHMIWIV&MXXI(IRR[EW[MVLIYXIZMIPPIMGLXJEPWGLQEGLIR[IVHIR
[MVWTÇXIVRYVWILVWGL[IV[MIHIVVIKYPMIVIRO¸RRIRl
(IVHEQEPMKI*EGLI\TIVXIHIV74(4VSJIWWSV7GLIPPIRFIVKIRX
KIKRIXI HE— QER MR HIV :IVKERKIRLIMX HMI 0EKI MQQIV ZMIP ^Y
TIWWMQMWXMWGLIMRKIWGLÇX^XLEFIYRHHE—HMI&MPER^IRK²RWXMKIV

WIMR O¸RRXIR  (EFIM FINELX IV HMI :IVERX[SVXYRK EYGL WIMRIV
4EVXIMJ²VHMI6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRKYRHWEKXHERRXVIYLIV^MK


&YRHIWEVFIMXWQMRMWXIV&PERO;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK

4VSJIWWSV7GLIPPIRFIVKIFH


 y2MIQERH [MVH HSGL WS X¸VMGLX WIMR SHIV RMIQERH WSPPXI WS X¸VMGLX WIMR
ER^YRILQIR HE— [MV 7S^MEPHIQSOVEXIR HMI 6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK MR
7GL[MIVMKOIMXIRFVMRKIR[²VHIRJ²VIMRI>IMXMRHIV[MV7S^MEPHIQSOVEXIR
EYJ HIV 6IKMIVYRKWFERO WMX^IR *²V WS X¸VMGLX [IVHIR 7MI YRW RMGLX LEP
XIRl
(EW [EV  *²V [MI X¸VMGLX QER WMI LÇXXI LEPXIR Q²WWIR
OSRRXIQERIVWX^ILR.ELVIWTÇXIVEPWWMIHERR[MVOPMGLEYJHIV
6IKMIVYRKWFEROWE—IRERMLVIR6IRXIRKIWIX^IRQIVOIR
*²VHMI*(4WTVEGLMRHMIWIR.ELVIRHIV%FKISVHRIXI7TMX^Q²PPIV
SJXWILVOVMXMWGLYRH[IMXFPMGOIRH7IMRIKVS—I>IMXOEQ[ÇLVIRH
HIV/SEPMXMSRZSR9RMSRYRH74(MRHIR.ELVIRFMW%FIV
WGLSR JV²L IVLSF IV WIMRI [EVRIRHI 7XMQQI EPW QER RSGL MR

HIRJIXXIR.ELVIRPIFXI^YQ&IMWTMIP
y;MVKPEYFIRHE—MRHIV(]REQMOIMRIVMIWMKI+IJELVPMIKX(MI;MVXWGLEJX
MWX ^[EV H]REQMWGL +SXX WIM (ERO %FIV [MV ²FIVXVEKIR HMI (]REQMO HIV
;MVXWGLEJX IMR FM—GLIR ^Y EYXSQEXMWGL MR ^Y ZMIPI 0IFIRWFIVIMGLI [S
HYVGL HMI ;MVXWGLEJX TP¸X^PMGL ²FIVJSVHIVX [MVH YRH MR WMGL WIPFWX OIMRI
(]REQMOQILVIRXJEPXIROERRYRHHEQMXEPPIWKIJÇLVHIX[MVHl
-RHIVWIPFIR(IFEXXI[IMWX(V*VER^'(9EYJHMIYRXIVWGLMIHPM
GLIR6IRXIRFMSKVETLMIRLMRHMI7TMIKIPFMPHEYGLHIWHIYXWGLIR
7GLMGOWEPWHIVIVWXIRJ²RJ^MK.ELVIHIW.ELVLYRHIVXWWMRH)VTVS
TLI^IMXJ²VHMI>YOYRJX[IWIRXPMGLKPEXXIVI:IVPÇYJIQMXKPIMGL
QǗMKIR LSLIR %RWTV²GLIR HMI ^Y L¸LIVIR %YWKEFIR J²LVIR
[IVHIR [ÇLVIRH HMI )MRRELQIR WXEKRMIVIR ;IKIR HIV %PXIV
WT]VEQMHI IV[EVXIX IV &IMXVEKWIVL¸LYRKIR ZSR  EYJ 

YRH QIMRX  y;IRR HEW +IPH IMRQEP KIFVEYGLX [IVHIR WSPPXI
YQHMI6IRXIRERWTV²GLI^YIVJ²PPIRQY—IWIMRKILSFIR[IVHIR
KER^ KPIMGL [IV HMI TSPMXMWGLI :IVERX[SVXYRK HEJ²V ^Y XVEKIR
LEXl


7TMX^Q²PPIV;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK

(V*VER^;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK


%FIVIVJ²LVXHERREYWy;MVWMRHRMGLX^YJVMIHIRHE—HMI1EWWI
YRWIVIV:IVWMGLIVXIRLIYXIIMRIZIVLÇPXRMWQǗMKKVS—I1¸KPMGL
OIMX LEX EQ EPPKIQIMRIR /SRWYQ XIMP^YRILQIR YRH HEV²FIV
LMREYWOIMRIERHIVI'LERGIEPWHMIWILVLSGLKI[SVHIRIR&IM
XVEKWZIVTJPMGLXYRKIR MR HIR KIWIX^PMGLIR :IVWMGLIVYRKW^[IMKIR
^Y IVJ²PPIRl )V JSVHIVX QILV 7TMIPVEYQ ^[MWGLIR /SRWYQ YRH
HIV &IMXVEKWZIVTJPMGLXYRK J²V IMRI MRHMZMHYIPPI +IWXEPXYRK HIW
IMR^IPRIR7GLMGOWEPW
)VQELRXRSGLMRHIVWIPFIR0IKMWPEXYVTIVMSHIIMRIÍFIVEVFIMXYRK
HIV6IRXIRKIWIX^IZSR[IKIRQ¸KPMGLIV,ÇVXIRHIV2MIH
VMKVIRXIRERWEKXHERREFIVHSGLy-GLKIFIILVPMGL^YIWOERR
WIMRHE—[MVKIW²RHMKXLEFIRYRHRMGLXEPPI1¸KPMGLOIMXIREYW
KIWGL¸TJXl *EWX EPPI 0IMWXYRKIR WIMIR KI[MWWIVQE—IR EYJ HMI
,SGLOSRNYROXYV ^YKIWGLRMXXIR YRH HMI &I[ÇLVYRKWTVSFI EPP
HMIWIV+IWIX^I[IVHIIVWXOSQQIR
4VSJIWWSV 7GLIPPIRFIVK 74( LEXXI WMGL EYGL MR HMIWIV (IFEXXI
²FIV^Y TIWWMQMWXMWGLI 4VSKRSWIR EYJKIVIKXEFIV MQQIVLMR ^Y
KIKIFIRHE—IWIMR%PEVQ^IMGLIRWIM[IRRHIV7S^MEPFIMVEXWMGL
J²V IMRI FEPHMKI )VL¸LYRK HIW &IMXVEKWWEX^IW EYWKIWTVSGLIR
LEFI(EZSVQ²WWIIWIMRIKV²RHPMGLI&IVEXYRKKIFIR
1ER OERR ^YV &I[IVXYRK HMIWIV >[MWGLIR^IMX EPWS *SPKIRHIW
^YWEQQIRJEWWIR (MI 6IKMIVYRK LEX HMI 6IRXIR WXÇRHMK IVL¸LX
RMGLX MQQIV SLRI 7SVKIRJEPXIR EFIV HSGL QMX ²FIV[MIKIRHIV
+IRYKXYYRK(MI3TTSWMXMSRLÇXXIMQQIVRSGLIMRFM—GLIRQILV
HVEYJKIPIKX (MI *(4 RELQ HMI IVWXI ZIVWMGLIVYRKWXIGLRMWGLI
&MPER^^YQ%RPE—IMRIKV²RHPMGLI6IJSVQ^YZIVPERKIR[IMPWMI
PERKJVMWXMKKVS—I*MRER^IRKTÇWWIZSVLIVWEL
(MI 7XYRHI HIW )V[EGLIRW OEQ  r YRH HEQMX HIV &IKMRR
RIYIVIVFMXXIVXIV%YWIMRERHIVWIX^YRKIR



6IJSVQ(MIIVWXIR/SVVIOXYVIR
LEXXIWMGLEYJIMRQEPHMI0MUYMHMXÇXHIV6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK
HVEQEXMWGLZIVWGLPIGLXIVX2SGLKEFIWMRHIV6IRXIRZIVWM
GLIVYRK ÍFIVWGL²WWI RYR XEX WMGL IMR (IJM^MX ZSR  1VH (1
EYJ(EVER[EVIRRMGLXRYVHMI9QWXÇRHIWGLYPHHMIHIV4SPMXMO
ZSVKIKIFIR [EVIR [MI HMI /SRNYROXYVEFWGL[ÇGLYRK YRH HMI
>YRELQIHIV6IRXRIV(MI4SPMXMOWIPFWXZIVWGLÇVJXIHMI7MXYEXMSR
RSGL ^YWÇX^PMGL HEHYVGL HE— WMI WMGL ERWGLMGOXI QMX HIV /²V
^YRKHIW&YRHIW^YWGLYWWIWHIR&YRHIWLEYWLEPX^YWERMIVIR
)W [EV HMI >IMX HIV KVS—IR /SEPMXMSR YRXIV /ER^PIV /YVX+ISVK
/MIWMRKIV QMX *VER^ .SWIJ 7XVEY— EPW *MRER^QMRMWXIV YRH ,ERW
/EX^IVEPW%VFIMXWQMRMWXIV(MIIMRWGLRIMHIRHIR1E—RELQIRHMI
NIX^X KIXVSJJIR [IVHIR QY—XIR OSRRXIR WMGL HEQMX ^[EV EYJ
IMRI ²FIVKVS—I 1ILVLIMX WX²X^IR P¸WXIR EFIV HIRRSGL WGLEVJI
/SRXVSZIVWIR ^[MWGLIR HIR /SEPMXMSRWTEVXRIVR YRH HIR 4VSXIWX
HIV IMR^MKIR 3TTSWMXMSRWTEVXIM *(4 EYW 7IPXWEQ EYW LIYXMKIV
7MGLXMWXHE—HMIWI6IRXIRHIFEXXIRMQ6ELQIRIMRIW*MRER^ÇR
HIVYRKWKIWIX^IW YRH HIV ,EYWLEPXWKIWIX^I  YRH 
WXEXXJERHIR
*²VHMIWXEVOI7XIPPYRKHIW*MRER^QMRMWXIVWWTVEGLHMI8EXWEGLI
HE— HIV 7ERMIVYRK HIW ,EYWLEPXW KIKIR²FIV HIV 6IRXIRZIVWM
GLIVYRK4VMSVMXÇXIMRKIVÇYQX[YVHIYRHHEW/EFMRIXXHIQ:SV
WGLPEK^YWXMQQXIHIR&YRHIW^YWGLY—WGLSRMQ,EYWLEPX
YQ  1MPPMSRIR (1 ^Y O²V^IR 1MXXPIV[IMPI [EV QER HE^Y
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WMGLIVYRKWXVÇKIVLIVZSVVMIJ
%PW,²XIVMRHIV6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK J²LPXIWMGLHMI74(LIVEYW
KIJSVHIVX YRH MLV 6IRXIRI\TIVXI 4VSJIWWSV 7GLIPPIRFIVK O²R
HMKXI WGLSR MR HIV IVWXIR 0IWYRK IMRIR %RXVEK ER HMI /²V^YRK


V²GOKÇRKMK ^Y QEGLIR (IV &YRHIW^YWGLY— H²VJI RMGLX ^YQ
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IW MR HIV ÓJJIRXPMGLOIMX OSQQIRXMIVX %FIV HIV 7MIK LMIPX RMGLX
PERKI HIRR WGLSR MQ 3OXSFIV HIWWIPFIR .ELVIW WSPPXI MQ *M
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V²GOKIJ²LVX[IVHIR

(MI7]WXIQJVEKI
(MI %YWIMRERHIVWIX^YRK ²FIV HIR &YRHIW^YWGLY— PIROXI EFIV
ZSR HIV [MVOPMGLIR 1MWIVI HIV 6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK YRH MLVIV
PERKJVMWXMKIR)RX[MGOPYRKILIVEF%RKIWMGLXWHIV:SVEYWFIVIGL
RYRKIRJ²VHMI*MRER^IRHIVOSQQIRHIR.ELVI[EVHEW&MPHKI
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KIPIKX [YVHIR JILPXI FMW ^YQ .ELV  IMR &IXVEK ZSR 
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1MWGLRMGO;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK


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1MWGLRMGO;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK


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LIVFIMWGLEJJIR (IYXPMGL LEX HEW ZSV EPPIQ HIV '(94SPMXMOIV

7XMRKIP ^YQ %YWHVYGO KIFVEGLX  y(EW 7]WXIQ YRWIVIV 6IRXIR
ZIVWMGLIVYRK PMIKX HEVMR HE— HERR [IRR HMI >ELP HIV 6IRXRIV
KV¸—IV [MVH HMI %OXMZIR ILIV QILV ZSR MLVIQ 0IFIRWYRXIVLEPX
EFKIFIRO¸RRIREPWHE—HMI6IRXIRWMROIRQ²—XIRl
7SFPMIFIWEPPIMRHMI%YJKEFIHIVOPIMRIR3TTSWMXMSRWTEVXIM*(4
/VMXMO^Y²FIRYRH&IHIROIRER^YQIPHIR
(IV %FKISVHRIXI (V ,EEW *(4 ZIVQM—XI IMR ;SVX HIW *MRER^
QMRMWXIVW (V 7XVEY— MR HMIWIV *VEKI YRH FIHEYIVXI HIR 8VIRH
HE— HEW ZIVJ²KFEVI 2IXXSIMROSQQIR HIV %VFIMXRILQIV TIVQE
RIRXIMRKIWGLVÇROX[IVHI
7XVEY—LEXXIMRHIV(IFEXXI^YQ,EYWLEPXNERSGLKSPHIRI

;SVXI KIWTVSGLIR  y)W QY— YRW KIPMRKIR HMI 9QZIVXIMPYRKW
TVS^IWWIMRYRWIVIQWS^MEPIR7MGLIVYRKWW]WXIQ>YKYQ>YKQMX
HIRWXIMKIRHIR1EWWIRIMROSQQIR^YV²GO^YHVÇRKIRYRHHEWMQ
1EVOXIV^MIPXI0IMWXYRKWIMROSQQIR^YV+VYRHPEKIHIV7MGLIVYRK
HIWIMR^IPRIRMRL¸LIVIQ1E—I^YQEGLIRl


7XMRKIP;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK

(V7XVEY—;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK


(V7XVEY—FIXSRXIHE—RYVIMRIIVJSPKVIMGLI*MRER^YRH;MVX
WGLEJXWTSPMXMOIMRI KYXI 7S^MEPTSPMXMO IVQ¸KPMGLI YRH ZIVXIMHMKXI
HIR MKIR /VEROIRZIVWMGLIVYRKWFIMXVEK HIR HMI 6IRXRIV ^Y
^ELPIRLÇXXIR)VWIMFIVIMXWMRRZSPPI%PXIVREXMZIRQMXZIVKPIMGL
FEVIQ7TEVIJJIOX^YEO^ITXMIVIRLEPXIEFIVZSRHIRFMWPERKKI
QEGLXIR:SVWGLPÇKIRRMGLXZMIP
%PW HEVEYJ LMR IX[EW EYJFVEYWIRH HIV 74(4SPMXMOIV 4VSJIWWSV
7GLIPPIRFIVKMLQZSVLMIPXIWPMIKIZMIPPIMGLXERHIVOSQTPM^MIVXIR
1EXIVMI HIW 7S^MEPVIGLXW HE— MLQ HMI :SVWGLPÇKI RMGLX IMR

PIYGLXIXIRKEFIVJSPKIRHIWWIPXWEQIW/SQTPMQIRX^YV²GO
y-GL HEVJ ,IVV /SPPIKI 7GLIPPIRFIVK QIMRIV 1IMRYRK HELMRKILIRH %YW
HVYGOKIFIRHE—QERIMRINELV^ILRXIPERKI)VJELVYRKYRH7TI^MEPOIRRX
RMWWIPFWXRMGLXHYVGLRSGLWSMRXIRWMZIW%YXSHMHEOXIRXYQMRRIVLEPF[I
RMKIV ;SGLIR REGLLSPIR OERR -GL FMR ²FIVLEYTX HIV 1IMRYRK HE— 7MI
?EPWS 7GLIPPIRFIVKA WMGL QMX 2EGLHVYGO YRH )VJSPK WIMX .ELVIR EYJ IMRIQ
%VFIMXWKIFMIXFI[IKIRHIWWIR8IVQMRSPSKMIYRH7TI^MEPOIRRXRMWFIMRELI
IMRIRLIVQIXMWGLIR6MRKYQHIR/VIMWHIV1EKMIV WGLPMI—IRHMIEPPIMRMR
HMIWIQ+IFMIXRSGLWEGLOYRHMKQMXVIHIRO¸RRIRl
%RHMIWIV%YWWEKIMWX^[IMJIPPSWVMGLXMKHE—4VSJIWWSV7GLIPPIR
FIVKIMRIVHIVKER^[IRMKIR/IRRIVHIW6IRXIRVIGLXW[EV[EW
MLR EFIV OIMRIW[IKW ZSV JEPWGLIR ;IMGLIRWXIPPYRKIR ZSV JEP
WGLIR )MRWGLÇX^YRKIR FI[ELVX LEX SHIV HEZSV ^YV²GOLMIPX HMI
6IKMIVYRKMRHMIJEPWGLI6MGLXYRK^YXVIMFIR%FIVQEROERRHIR
;SVXIR HIW *MRER^QMRMWXIVW RSGL IX[EW ERHIVIW IRXRILQIR
;IRR WGLSR IMR WS JPIM—MKIV LSGL ILVKIM^MKIV YRH MRXIPPMKIRXIV
1ERR[MI7XVEY—HEW6IRXIRVIGLXEPWIMR+IFMIXERWELHEWIM
RIQ/VIMWHIV1EKMIVZSVFILEPXIRWIMQY—QERHERRRMGLXEPW
WMGLIV ERRILQIR HE— EYGL EPPI REGLJSPKIRHIR *MRER^QMRMWXIV
YRH;MVXWGLEJXWQMRMWXIVWMGLWSKYXIWKMRKHEZSRJIVRLMIPXIR#
(MIWIR 1EKMIVR ²FIVPMI— QER IMR *IPH HEW RMGLX RYV KIWIPP
WGLEJXWTSPMXMWGL WSRHIVR ZSV EPPIQ JMRER^TSPMXMWGL YRH [MVX
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(V7XVEY—;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK


EFIVHIVIR%YJKEFIIWMWX²FIV;MVXWGLEJXYRH*MRER^IR^Y[E
GLIR LEFIR HMI 7S^MEPZIVWMGLIVYRKIR MQQIV YRXIVWGLÇX^X .I
HIRJEPPW PIKX HMI )RX[MGOPYRK MR HIV 6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK IMRI
WSPGLI)MRWGLÇX^YRKRELI

G(MI%YWHILRYRKHIV:IVWMGLIVYRKWTJPMGLXKVIR^I
(MI :IVWMGLIVYRKWTJPMGLXKVIR^I [EV WGLSR  YQWXVMXXIR (IV
)RX[YVJLEXXIIMRIWSPGLI+VIR^IRMGLXZSVKIWILIRWSHE—EPPI
EFLÇRKMK &IWGLÇJXMKXIR ZIVWMGLIVYRKWTJPMGLXMK KI[SVHIR [ÇVIR
(MIW OEQ HIQ (IROIR HIV 7S^MEPHIQSOVEXIR WILV IRXKIKIR HMI
NEEQ PMIFWXIR HEW KER^I :SPO YRXIV HEW (EGL HIV :IVWMGLIVYRK
KIFVEGLXLÇXXIR
(EKIKIRVIKXIWMGLEFIVWGLSRMRHIVIVWXIR0IWYRK;MHIVWXERH
%FKISVHRIXIHIV'(9'79(4YRH*(4FVEGLXIRMLVI&IHIROIR
^YQ%YWHVYGOWXIXWQMXHIQ%VKYQIRXHE—HEW7GLYX^FIH²VJRMW
JILPI;IVLSGLZIVHMIRIWSPPIJ²VWMGLYRHWIMRI*EQMPMIWIPFWX
WSVKIR YRH WIM RMGLX EYJ IMRI WSPMHEVMWGLI :IVWMGLIVYRK ERKI
[MIWIR (IWLEPF OEQ HMI :IVWMGLIVYRKWTJPMGLXKVIR^I [MIHIV MR
HEW +IWIX^ QMX HIV *SPKI HE— LSGLFI^ELPXI %RKIWXIPPXI WMGL
RMGLXZIVWMGLIVRQY—XIR
O²RHMKXIWMGLEFIVQEPWIMRI;IRHIER(MI:IVWMGLIVYRKW
TJPMGLXKVIR^I [YVHI KIWXVMGLIR EPPI %RKIWXIPPXIR QY—XIR WMGL
ZIVWMGLIVR%PW:SVXIMPWSPPXIKIPXIRHE—HEJ²VEYGLHMI%VFIMXKI
FIV J²V HMIWIR /VIMW IMRIR %VFIMXKIFIVERXIMP MR HMI 6IRXIROEWWI
^ELPIRQY—XIR

4VSJIWWSV 7GLIPPIRFIVK 74( WXIPPXI HE^Y XVMYQTLMIVIRH JIWX
y1MXHIV)MRFI^MILYRKEPPIV%RKIWXIPPXIR[MVHIMRKVYRHPIKIRHIW
KIWIPPWGLEJXWTSPMXMWGLIW%RPMIKIRZIV[MVOPMGLX(ERR[MVHIRHPMGL
HIV &IKVMJJ HIV 7GLYX^FIH²VJXMKOIMX EYW HIQ 6IRXIRZIVWMGLI
VYRKWVIGLXZIVWGL[MRHIRl(MI*(4WIMHEKIKIR[IMPJV²LIVSHIV
WTÇXIVHMI6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK^YIMRIV:SPOWZIVWMGLIVYRK[IVHI

4VSJIWWSV7GLIPPIRFIVK;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK


(EWPMI—ER/PEVLIMXRMGLXW^Y[²RWGLIR²FVMK
)X[EW ZIVWGLPIMIVXIV HV²GOXI WMGL &YRHIWEVFIMXWQMRMWXIV /EX^IV
'(9EYWMRHIQIVWMGLEYJHIR;MPPIRHIV&IXVSJJIRIRFIVMIJ
HMI HEW ERKIFPMGL ²FIV[MIKIRH FINELXIR YRH [SPPXIR (E ²FIV
HMI ,ÇPJXI HMIWIV %RKIWXIPPXIR EFIV IMRIR %RXVEK EYJ &IJVIMYRK
KIWXIPPXLEXXIR[EVHMIWI%YWWEKIMRHIV6IEPMXÇXRMGLX^YFIPI
KIR
(EWTVEGLHIV'(9%FKISVHRIXI7XMRKIPWGLSRILIV/PEVXI\X)V
WEKXI HE— HMI KIWIX^PMGLI %PXIVWWMGLIVYRK IMRI 7SPMHEVIMRVMGL
XYRK HIV WGLEJJIRHIR +IRIVEXMSR KIKIR²FIV HIV EYWKIWGLMIHI
RIR+IRIVEXMSRHEVWXIPPI)W WIM IMR 9RHMRK HMILSGLZIVHMIRIR
HIR%RKIWXIPPXIRRMGLXLIVER^Y^MILIR
(EQMXOEQ^YQ%YWHVYGOHE—QERHEW+IPHFVEYGLXIEPWSHMI
LSLIR &IMXVEKWIMRRELQIR HIV KYX ZIVHMIRIRHIR %RKIWXIPPXIR
YQ(IJM^MXIEYW^YKPIMGLIR
9RHLMIVWIX^XIHERREYGLJSPKIVMGLXMKHMI/VMXMOHIV*(4ER(IV
%FKISVHRIXI7TMX^Q²PPIVOVMXMWMIVXIHMI)MRFI^MILYRKEPPIV%RKI
WXIPPXIR[IMPHEW1SXMZRMGLXQILVHMI7GLYX^FIH²VJXMKOIMXWSR

HIVR HMI OYV^JVMWXMK IV^MIPXIR 1ILVIMRRELQIR WIMIR  y1ER
²FIVWMILX HEFIM HMI KVS—IR :IVTJPMGLXYRKIR HMI QER HEQMX EPW
,]TSXLIOJ²VHMI>YOYRJXWGLEJJXl
;SPJKERK1MWGLRMGO^IMKXHEW:SPYQIREYJHEWHYVGLHMIWI%O

XMSR KI[SRRIR [MVH RÇQPMGL  1VH (1  y%RKIWXIPPXI [IVHIR
^[ERKW[IMWI ^Y HIR JMRER^MIPPIR 2SXLIPJIVR HMIWIV 6IKMIVYRK
KIQEGLXl
(EWWIPFI 1SXMZ MWX EYGL FIM HIV 6IKIPYRK IVOIRRFEV HE— HMI
%VFIMXKIFIVFIMFIWGLÇJXMKXIR6IRXRIVRRYRQILV6IRXIRFIMXVÇKI
MRHMI:IVWMGLIVYRKIMR^Y^ELPIRLEFIRSF[SLPWMGLHEHYVGLER
HIV6IRXIHMIWIV&IWGLÇJXMKXIRRMGLXWÇRHIVX

7TMX^Q²PPIVIFH

1MWGLRMGO;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK


H(IV/VEROIRZIVWMGLIVYRKWFIMXVEK
:SRHIR6IRXRIVRWSPPXI RYRQILV IMR /VEROIRZIVWMGLIVYRKWFIM
XVEKIVLSFIR[IVHIR^YRÇGLWXMR,¸LIZSRHERRHYVGLHMI
-RMXMEXMZIRHIV7S^MEPTSPMXMOIVEFKIWIROXEYJ(EW[EVIMKIRX
PMGLO²LRHIRRIW[MHIVWTVEGLIOPEXERXEPPIR7TV²GLIR²FIVHMI
7SPMHEVMXÇXQMXHIVEPXIR+IRIVEXMSR7SLEX1MRMWXIV/EX^IV^[EV

ZSPPX¸RIRHKIWEKX
y;IV WIMR KER^IW %VFIMXWPIFIR ^YV 7XÇVOYRK YRWIVIV 0IMWXYRKW
KIWIPPWGLEJX FIMKIXVEKIR LEX LEX IMR %RVIGLX HEVEYJ IV[SVFIR
MQ%PXIVERKIQIWWIRKIWMGLIVX^Y[IVHIR(MIWS^MEPI7MGLIVYRK
MQ %PXIV WXILX MR HIV 6ERKJSPKI YRWIVIV 7S^MEPTSPMXMO ER IVWXIV
7XIPPIl%FIVMRHIVWIPFIR6IHIFI^IMGLRIXIVHIR/VEROIRZIVWM
GLIVYRKWFIMXVEK HIV 6IRXRIV EPW %YWHVYGO HIV 7SPMHEVMXÇX HIV
6IRXRIVQMXHIR%OXMZIR
%YGL LMIV [EV HEW 1SXMZ 1ILVIMRRELQIR J²V HMI 6IRXIRZIVWM
GLIVYRK^YIV^MIPIRHIRRERHMI/VEROIRZIVWMGLIVYRK^ELPXIHMI
6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK OIMRIR 4JIRRMK QILV 7TMX^Q²PPIV *(4
WGLPYKWXEXXHIWWIRZSVHMIKITPERXI6IRXIRERTEWWYRKZSR
HSGLRYVMR,¸LIZSRZSV^YRILQIRERWXEXXIVWXHMI6IR
XIR^YIVL¸LIRYRHHERRHYVGLHIR/VEROIRZIVWMGLIVYRKWFIMXVEK
[MIHIVEF^YWIROIR(EWLÇXXIEFIVFIHIYXIXHE—QERHMI6IR
XIRJSVQIPZEVMMIVXLÇXXI
)MR WSPGLIV :SVWGLPEK HE— HMI 6IRXIRJSVQIP KIÇRHIVX [IVHIR
Q²—XIYRHQERZSRHIV&VYXXSERTEWWYRKEFKILIRQ²WWI[YVHI
EFIV IRXV²WXIX ^YV²GOKI[MIWIR 0MIFIV WGLPIYWXI QER IMR RIYIW
)PIQIRX RÇQPMGL HIR /VEROIRZIVWMGLIVYRKWFIMXVEK HYVGL HMI
,MRXIVX²VIMR7TÇXIVLEXQERHEWEPW6EYFERHIR6IRXRIVRFI
^IMGLRIX YRH MR KVS—IV 6IYI [MIHIV V²GOKÇRKMK KIQEGLX (MI
(IFEXXI HE^Y [MVH [IMXIV YRXIR RSGL RÇLIV YRXIVWYGLX 
LEXQERIWWMGLEFIVKIPIMWXIXHMI6IRXIRJSVQIPEPWYRERXEWXFEV
^YFI^IMGLRIRHMIFVYXXSPSLRFI^SKI%RTEWWYRKKPIMGLJEPPWYRH

/EX^IV;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK


HIRRSGL IMRIR /VEROIRZIVWMGLIVYRKWFIMXVEK EYW HIQ ,YX ^Y
^EYFIVR

I:IVQMRHIVYRKHIV6²GOPEKI
;MIWGLSRIV[ÇLRXIRXWGLPS—QERWMGLIRXKIKIRHIV)QTJIL
PYRKHIW7S^MEPFIMVEXIWHMI6²GOPEKIYQ1VH(1^YZIVQMR
HIVR (E^Y RSGL IMRMKI &IQIVOYRKIR (MI MQ +IWIX^  ZSV
KIWGLVMIFIRI 6²GOPEKI MR ,¸LI IMRIV .ELVIWEYWKEFI ^YWÇX^PMGL
^YHIVJ²V.ELVIFIVIGLRIXIR8IMPHIGOYRK[EVEPW:SVWMGLXW
QE—RELQI KIHEGLX YQ %FWGL[ÇGLYRKIR HIV /SRNYROXYV YRH
7GL[EROYRKIR MQ &IZ¸POIVYRKWEYJFEY EYWKPIMGLIR ^Y O¸RRIR
&IM >Y[EGLWVEXIR ZSR ²FIV  HMI J²V HMI .ELVI  FMW 
^YKVYRHI KIPIKX [YVHIR OSRRXI ZSR IMRIV 7GL[ÇGLYRK RSGL
RMGLX HMI 6IHI WIMR (MI IMKIRXPMGLIR %PXIVWTVSFPIQI WXERHIR NE
IVWXFIZSV(IV7S^MEPFIMVEXJERHIWERKIWMGLXWHMIWIV0EKIVMGLXM
KIV HMI &IMXVEKWWÇX^I JV²LIV YRH QILV ^Y IVL¸LIR YRH HMI
6²GOPEKIR ^Y WTEVIR YQ J²V HMI [MVOPMGLIR /VMWIR FIWWIV KIV²
WXIX^YWIMR
&IMXVEKWIVL¸LYRKIR[EVIREFIVJ²LPFEVIVYRHMRHIVÓJJIRXPMGL
OIMX[IRMKIVKYX^YZIVFIVKIREPWHIV>YKVMJJEYJHMI7TEVFIXVÇ
KI (MIWIW +IPH PEK EPW /VMIKWOEWWI HIV 4SPMXMO KI¸JJRIX HE YRH
[YVHIREGLYRHREGLKITP²RHIVX7TÇXIVLEXQERRYVRSGLIMRI
6IWIVZIZSRIMRIV1SREXWEYWKEFIEPWSIMRKER^KIVMRKIW0MUYM
HMXÇXWTSPWXIV ZSVKIWGLVMIFIR (EW WSPPXI KIR²KIR HMI >IMXVÇYQI
^Y WGLEJJIR MR HIRIR QMX KIWIX^KIFIVMWGLIR 1E—RELQIR HMI
0EKI^YQIMWXIVR[EV

)VKIFRMW
(MI,ERHPYRKW[IMWIHIV4SPMXMO[MIWMIWMGLEQ)RHIHMIWIV/SV
VIOXYVIRHEVWXIPPX^IMGLRIXHMIO²RJXMKIFIVIMXWZSV(IWLEPF[EV
HMI/VMWIWS²FIVEYWFIHIYXWEQ7MIOEQ^YWTÇXYQHEW7]WXIQ
RSGLIMRQEPKVYRHWÇX^PMGLMR*VEKI^YWXIPPIR(MI9Q[IVXYRKMR
L¸LIVI6IRXIRHMI/SRVEH%HIREYIVHMIEFWSPYXI1ILVLIMX


KI[MRRIRPMI—HMINÇLVPMGLIR)VL¸LYRKIRHMI[IMX²FIVHIR>Y
[ÇGLWIRHIV2IXXSIMROSQQIRHIV%VFIMXRILQIVPEKIR[EVIRMR
HIR ZIVKERKIRIR ^ILR .ELVIR ^YQ WS^MEPIR &IWMX^WXERH KI[SV
HIR
;EW HMIWIV &IKVMJJ IMKIRXPMGL FIHIYXIR WSPPXI [YVHI QILVJEGL
ZSR6IHRIVRHIV*(4KIJVEKX)MRI%RX[SVXSFHMIWIV&IWMX^WXERH
FIM )MRXVMXX MR HMI :IVWMGLIVYRK SHIV FIM )MRXVMXX HIW :IVWMGLI
VYRKWJEPPIW EPWS 6IRXIRFIKMRR KIWMGLIVX WIMR WSPP FIOEQIR WMI
RMGLX&IWXÇXMKX[YVHIMLRIREFIVHE—HMIZSVKIRSQQIRI&IM
XVEKWIVL¸LYRKERHIV,¸LIHIV6IRXIRMGLXWÇRHIVX
)MKIRXPMGL LÇXXI HMIWI %YWOYRJX ^YQ %YJ[EGLIR WGLSR VIMGLIR
Q²WWIR(IRRHEWLMI—NERMGLXWERHIVIWEPWHE—IMRI+IRIVEXM
SRZSR6IRXRIVRIMRIRL¸LIVIR7SPMHEVFIMXVEKZSRHIR)V[IVFW
XÇXMKIR IMRJSVHIVX EPW WMI WIPFWX KIPIMWXIX LEX )MRI WSPGLI /VMXMO
LÇXXIEPPIVHMRKW/IRRXRMWWIHIW9QPEKIZIVJELVIRWZSVEYWKIWIX^X
%YJ^[IM+IJELVIRMWXFIMHIV)MRVMGLXYRKHIW9QPEKIZIVJELVIRW
LMRKI[MIWIR[SVHIR%YJQ¸KPMGLI)MRFY—IRFIMHIR&IMXVEKW
IMRRELQIR [IKIR IMRIW WGL[ÇGLIVIR ;MVXWGLEJXW[EGLWXYQW
YRHEYJ>Y[ÇGLWIFIMHIR%YWKEFIR[IKIRHIVZIVQILVXIR>ELP
HIV6IRXRIV(MI;ELVWGLIMRPMGLOIMX[EVKVS—HE—FIMHI+IJEL
VIR ^YWEQQIRXVIJJIR YRH MQ 2Y FIXVÇGLXPMGLI 0¸GLIV MR HMI
6IRXIROEWWIVIM—IRO¸RRXIR
%PW IW RYR WS[IMX [EV VIEKMIVXI HMI 4SPMXMO REGL FI[ÇLVXIR
,ERH[IVOWVIKIPR:SRIMRIV/VMWI[YVHIRMGLXKIVIHIXZSR*IL
PIVR WGLSR KEV RMGLX ,IMPMKI *SVQIPR [YVHIR FIWGL[SVIR
KPIMGL^IMXMKHVILXIQERERWÇQXPMGLIR+IPHLÇLRIR1ERKVMJJMR
HMI6²GOPEKIZIVKV¸—IVXIHIR/VIMWHIV:IVWMGLIVXIRIVL¸LXIHMI
&IMXVÇKIIVLSFIMRIR/VEROIRZIVWMGLIVYRKWFIMXVEKrEPPIW1E—
RELQIR HMI QILV +IPH MR HMI :IVWMGLIVYRKWOEWWI FVMRKIR WSPP
XIR1MXHMIWIR1E—RELQIRFIKERRHMI+IWGLMGLXIHIV6IRXIR
QERMTYPEXMSRIR 9RXIV OPMRKIRHIQ 6IHITEXLSW NYWXMIVXI QER
^MIQPMGL WOVYTIPPSW HMI 7XIPPWGLVEYFIR [SLPKIQIVOX FIM IMRIQ


&I[Y—XWIMRWWXERHHIV&IZ¸POIVYRKHMIMQ+PEYFIR[EVYRHKI
LEPXIR[YVHIHE—MLVI&IMXVÇKIFIMHIV:IVWMGLIVYRKPMIKIRYRH
HMI KI^ELPXIR &IMXVÇKI HMI IRXWTVIGLIRHIR 6IRXIR KEVERXMIVIR
(E— HMIWI KEVERXMIVXIR 6IRXIR HYVGL L¸GLWX YRXIVWGLMIHPMGLI
&IMXVEKWWÇX^IIV[SVFIR[YVHIRJMIP[MIKIWEKXRMGLXEYJ
;MIZIVLMIPXIRWMGLMRHMIWIQ6IRXIREOXRYRHMI4EVXIMIR#
;ÇLVIRHHMI'(9'79EPWVIKMIVIRHI4EVXIMRSGL1E—YRH
:SVWMGLXIVOIRRIRPMI—HIQ(VÇRKIRHIV74(REGLIMRIV:SPOW
ZIVWMGLIVYRK REGL HIV )MRFI^MILYRK EPPIV %RKIWXIPPXIR MR HMI
:IVWMGLIVYRKWTJPMGLXYRHIMRIVRSGLL¸LIVIR2IYFI[IVXYRKHIV
6IRXIR RMGLX REGLKEF VÇYQXI WMI ^ILR .ELVI WTÇXIV MR ZMIPIR
+VYRHTSWMXMSRIR HEW *IPH (EQEPW WTVEGL WMI RSGL MQ FIXSRXIR
+IKIRWEX^ ^YV 74( ZSQ IMKIRZIVERX[SVXPMGLIR &²VKIV LEXXI
7SVKIR YQ HMI >YOYRJX HIV *MRER^IR [MI HIV &IMXVEKWWXEFMPMXÇX
YRHZIVXIMHMKXIHMI&IKVIR^YRKHIW&YRHIW^YWGLYWWIW
2YR EFIV OEQIR ERHIVI 8¸RI EQ HIYXPMGLWXIR FIM HIV %RKI
WXIPPXIRXLIQEXMO 7S[SLP 7XMRKIP [MI EYGL /EX^IV ÇY—IVXIR WMGL
LMIVZSPP^YWXMQQIRH/EX^IVREGLIMKIRIR;SVXIRWSKEVKP²GO
PMGL HE— HMIWI FIHIYXWEQI )RXWGLIMHYRK KIJEPPIR [EV 2YV HMI
VIHPMGLI *VEY /EPMROI LEXXI HIR 1YX EQ &IKVMJJ HIV 7GLYX^FI
H²VJXMKOIMXJIWX^YLEPXIRYRHHEQMXEYGLERMLVIR&IHIROIR
(E—IMRIKV²RHPMGLI 6IJSVQ YREYW[IMGLPMGL WIM ZIVXVEX RYV HIV
&YRHIWJMRER^QMRMWXIVEFIVIVJERHRMGLXIMRQEPMRHIRIMKIRIR
6IMLIR>YWXMQQYRK
;IRRQEREPWSRSGLHMI,SJJRYRKLIKXIHE—IWKYXKI
LIR [IVHI WS PMI— QER  HMIWI ,SJJRYRK JELVIR (IR 1YX
HEVEYW/SRWIUYIR^IR^Y^MILIRLEXXIQERMRHIV9RMSRRMGLX
(MI74(EKMIVXIZMIPYRKILIQQXIV(EWMIMLV>MIPIMRIVEPPKIQIM
RIR:SPOWZIVWMGLIVYRKMQQIVRSGLZSV%YKIRLEXXIFIXVEGLXIXI
WMI HMI YQJEWWIRHI :IVWMGLIVYRKWTJPMGLX J²V EPPI %RKIWXIPPXI EPW
)XETTIRWMIK7MIFIWGL[SV[MIHMI9RMSREYGLHMILIMPMKI6IR


XIRJSVQIPHIVFVYXXSPSLRFI^SKIRIR%RTEWWYRKYRHV²LQXIMLVIR
:IVLERHPYRKWIVJSPKHIR/VEROIRZIVWMGLIVYRKFIMXVEKHIV6IRXRIV
ZSREYJKIWIROX^YLEFIR&IMXVEKWIVL¸LYRKIRQEGLXIR
MLV OIMRIVPIM /STJWGLQIV^IR ILIV FIHEYIVXI WMI HIR 6²GOKERK
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HIV OPIMRIR 3TTSWMXMSR *(4 +IHEROX LEX MLV HEW RMIQERH %FIV
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6IJSVQZSVWGLPÇKIKIQEGLXLEXHMIHIR>YKMRERHIVI6MGLXYRK
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 [EV HMI >IMX HIV *MRER^OVMWI MR HIV HMI 4SPMXMO WILIR
QY—XI [MI WMI Q¸KPMGLWX SLRI 7XVYOXYVZIVÇRHIVYRK HEW R¸XMKI
+IPH^YWEQQIRFVMRKIROSRRXI2SGLZIVLÇRKRMWZSPPIV[YVHIIW
EPW MR HIR OSQQIRHIR ZIVQIMRXPMGL WEXXIR >IMXIR IMRI 4SPMXMO
HIV&IKP²GOYRKIMRWIX^XI


(MIWS^MEPPMFIVEPI/SEPMXMSR
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(MI&YRHIWXEKW[ELPIVKEFIMRILEYGLH²RRI1ILVLIMXZSR
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.ELVI LMIPX >YQ IVWXIR 1EP WIMX +V²RHYRK HIV &YRHIWVITYFPMO
WXIPPXI HMI 74( HIR /ER^PIV YRH HIR %VFIMXWQMRMWXIV YRH ^YQ
IVWXIR 1EP XVYK WMI :IVERX[SVXYRK J²V HMI 7S^MEPTSPMXMO 7MI
OSRRXI MLVI -HIIR ZSVERXVIMFIR YRH IRHPMGL HMI >MIPI HMI WMI MR
4VSKVEQQIRYRHZMIPIR6IHIRMQQIV[MIHIVJSVQYPMIVXLEXXIMR
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SRWTEVXRIV *(4 HIV EYJ +VYRH HIW ERKIO²RHMKXIR /SEPMXMSRW
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^YIVMRRIVR
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KYRK HIV &VYXXSPSLRERTEWWYRK MRRIVLEPF HIV KVS—IR /SEPMXMSR


 
EPW MLV :IVHMIRWX LIVEYWKIWXIPPX  (E EYGL HMI '(9'79 HMIWI
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LMR LEXXI WMI HMI JPI\MFPI %PXIVWKVIR^I YRH HMI %YJRELQI EPPIV
7IPFWXÇRHMKIR YRH ,EYWJVEYIR MR HMI 6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK ZIV
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MR 4EVXIMTVSKVEQQIR WGL[IMKX QER NE MR HIV 6IKIP %FIV IW MWX
HSGLIVWXEYRPMGL[MIKIVMRKHMI;MVOYRKHIV/SVVIOXYVHIFEXXIR
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6IKMIVYRKWTVSKVEQQHIV7S^MEPHIQSOVEXMWGLIR4EVXIM(IYXWGLPERHW
7


EGLXIX YRH ^Y :SVWMGLX YRH 1E—LEPXIR VÇX ;MI EYGL LIYXI
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HIR6SPPIR1EPKVMJJWMIHMI6IKMIVYRK[IKIRYRQǗMKIR+IPH
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*SVHIVYRKIRMQWS^MEPIR&IVIMGLZSVWMGLLIV
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IVPIFIR [MV MQQIV [MIHIV 6IKMIVYRK YRH 3TTSWMXMSR [IRR IW
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ZSR SF HMI 9RMSR SHIV HMI 74( HMI IMRI SHIV HMI ERHIVI 6SPPI
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RMGLX -R HIR 4EVPEQIRXWHIFEXXIR WMRH HMI 7²RHIRVIKMWXIV HIV
4EVXIMIR^[EV^YV7TVEGLIKIFVEGLX[SVHIREFIVSLRI*SPKIR



6IRXIRVIJSVQ
(MI;ELRWMRRWHIFEXXIR
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VI 7MI IV[IGOXIR EFIV EPPI HIR KPIMGLIR )MRHVYGO RÇQPMGL HE—
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6IHIR HMI WMI ^Y YRXIVWGLMIHPMGLIR >IMXTYROXIR LMIPXIR MQQIV
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HYVGLHIRÍFIVXVMXXIMRMKIV%FKISVHRIXIVMRW0EKIVHIV3TTSWMXM
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ZSRHIV%YWWGLY—QILVLIMXZSR74(*(4RSGLFIWGLPSWWIRI
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HIR :SVWGLPÇKIR %VIRHXW IFIRWS [IRMK [MI ZSR HIRIR HIV
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EPWKVS—IR8VMYQTLJIMIVXIR(MIZIVÇRHIVXI*EWWYRKLEFIRHERR
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%RKIWMGLXWHIW;ELPXIVQMRWWXEVXIXIREPWSHMIFIMHIR:SPOWTEV
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MKIR 6IRXIRRMZIEYW MQ :IVKPIMGL ^Y HIR &VYXXSP¸LRIR [EV
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RI HIR 6IRXIR ZSVER FIMQ %FWGL[YRK LSPIR HMI 6IRXIR EYJ
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OIMXIR J²LVIR QY— ^IMKIR HMI &IMWTMIPI EYW  YRH


 -Q IVWXIR *EPP QY— IW FIM HIR &IMXVEKW^ELPIVR ORMV
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7XEXX RYR HMIWIR 1IGLERMWQYW SJJIR^YPIKIR HMI TSPMXMWGLIR
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1E—RELQITEOIXIR(EWZSRLEFIR[MVFIVIMXWOIRRIR
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%FIV HMIWIW 1EP KMRK IW RMGLX YQ )MRWTEVYRK WSRHIVR YQ HMI
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MLVI 4LERXEWMI WTMIPIR PEWWIR OSRRXI [IPGLI :IVFIWWIVYRKIR
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%YJWGLPY—VIMGL MWX HEFIM [MI WSPGL ERKIFPMGL ZSVLERHIRIW +IPH
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;²RWGLI IVJ²PPIR PMI—IR >YV ,IVOYRJX HIW +IPHIW IMRMKI IVLIP
PIRHI%YWJ²LVYRKIRHIV%FKISVHRIXIR


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7TMX^Q²PPIV;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK

7TMX^Q²PPIV;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK


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7XVEY— HIV WIMR )VWXEYRIR ²FIV HMIWI ÍFIVWGL²WWI RMGLX ZIV

LILPX
y;IRR MGL ER HMI /YV^PIFMKOIMX WSPGLIV PERKJVMWXMKIR ERKIFPMGL
QMX KV¸—XIV +I[MWWIRLEJXMKOIMX EYJKIWXIPPXIR 4VSKRSWIR HIROI
HERR[²VHIMGLEYJHMI1VH(1ÍFIVWGLY—MQ.ELVI
RMGLX QMX EFWSPYXIV 7MGLIVLIMX FEYIR HEV²FIV KMFX IW OIMRIR
>[IMJIPl)V[IMWXHEVEYJLMRHE—QERFIMHIV&IVIGLRYRKZSQ
LSLIR 7XERH HIW 0SLRRMZIEYW HIV PIX^XIR FIMHIR .ELVI EYWKI
KERKIRWIMYRHHMIWIPMRIEVMRHMI>YOYRJXLMRIMRJSVXKIWGLVMIFIR
LEFIHEWO¸RRIQERWSRMGLXQEGLIR


4VSJIWWSV7GLIPPIRFIVKIFH

(V7XVEY—IFH


2SGLHIYXPMGLIVWTVMGLX(V/VIMPI'(9'79MRHIV(I^IQFIVWMX
^YRK MRHIQ IV HIV 6IKMIVYRK ZSV[MVJX *MRER^TSPMXMO REGL
+VYRHWÇX^IR HIV HVIM EWMEXMWGLIR %JJIR ^Y QEGLIR HMI RMGLXW
L¸VIR >ELPIR RMGLXW WILIR &MPER^IR RMGLXW WEKIR ZSR HIR
HVSLIRHIR(IJM^MXIR%YGLIVFI^MILXWMGLEYJHIR7EGLZIVWXÇR
HMKIRVEX HIV HEZSV [EVRXI HMI )RHTLEWI IMRIV ,SGLOSRNYROXYV
EPW&EWMW^YRILQIRYRH^YYRXIVWXIPPIRHE—HMIWIMRIMRI4LEWI
KPIMGLKI[MGLXMKIR ;EGLWXYQW ²FIVKILX &IM IMRIQ /SRNYROXYV
IMRFVYGL[²VHIHIV)MRRELQI²FIVWGLY—[MIHIVEFKIFEYX
(V /VIMPI [IMWX EYGL EYJ HMI RMGLX FIEGLXIXI :IVPÇRKIVYRK HIV

0IFIRW^IMXLMR7IMR7GLPY—WEX^PEYXIX y(IVZSVKIPIKXI+IWIX^
IRX[YVJ 6IRXIRVIJSVQKIWIX^ (I^IQFIV  WGLIMRX QMV IMR
1YWXIVFIMWTMIPIMRIVYRWSPMHIR+IWIX^KIFYRKWEVFIMX^YWIMRl
0IMHIV LEX QER ZSR HMIWIR ZIVR²RJXMKIR 0IYXIR MQ 0EYJI HIW
.ELVI  RMGLXW QILV KIL¸VX MQ +IKIRXIMP HMI RSGL ZMIP
WGLPMQQIVIR/SQTVSQM—P¸WYRKIR^[MWGLIR/SEPMXMSRYRH3TTS
WMXMSRJERHIR^YQ7GLPY—YRKIXIMPXIR&IMJEPP

6IRXIRJSVQIPYRH6IRXIRERTEWWYRK
(MI IVWXI 2EGLVMGLX HE— WMGL MR HIV 6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK +IPH
ERWEQQIPXYRHHMI6²GOPEKIR²FIVHEWKIWIX^PMGLI1E—LMREYW
[EGLWIRKEFIWWGLSRMQ%TVMPEPW&YRHIWQMRMWXIV%VIRHX
WIMRIR7S^MEPFIVMGLXZSVWXIPPXIy1ILV7TMIPVEYQJ²VWS^MEPTSPMXM
WGLI1E—RELQIRlLMI—IW
%PPI[YVHIRLIPP[EGL>YQIVWXIR7GLPEKEFXEYWGL^[MWGLIRHIV
6IKMIVYRKWOSEPMXMSR YRH HIV 3TTSWMXMSR OEQ IW MQ .YRM 
ERPǗPMGL HIV (IFEXXI ^YV 6IRXIRERTEWWYRK JSVXKIWIX^X MQ 3O
XSFIV ERPǗPMGL IMRIW '(9'79%RXVEKW (MI 6IKMIVYRK LEXXI
IMRI6IRXIRIVL¸LYRKJ²VZSRYRHMRZSR

(V/VIMPI;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK


ZSVKIWILIR(EQEREPWIVWXIWS^MEPI;SLPXEXHIRIMR.ELV
^YZSV IVWX FIWGLPSWWIRIR /VEROIRZIVWMGLIVYRKWFIMXVEK [MIHIV
EFKIWGLEJJXLEXXIWELEYGLHMI6IRXIRIVL¸LYRKQMX
ZMIPJVIYRHPMGLIVEYW7SQIMRXIHMI6IKMIVYRK
%RHIVW HMI 3TTSWMXMSR (MI '(9'79 ZIVPERKXI HE— HMIWI 6IR
XIRERTEWWYRKRMGLX^YQWSRHIVRWGLSRIMRLEPFIW.ELV
ZSVLIV ^YQ  KVIMJIR WSPPXI 7MI FIKV²RHIXI HEW QMX HIV
KEPSTTMIVIRHIR-RJPEXMSRHMIEYJ+VYRHHIVKYXIR;MVXWGLEJXWPE
KI HMI 0¸LRI YRH 0IFIRWLEPXYRKWOSWXIR MR HMI ,¸LI KIXVMIFIR
LEFI HIRIR EFIV HMI )VL¸LYRKIR HIV 6IRXIR MR OIMRIV ;IMWI
IRXWTVIGLI8VSX^6IRXIRIVL¸LYRKWIMYRXIVQ7XVMGL[ÇLVIRHHIV
PIX^XIR^[IM.ELVIJ²VHMI6IRXRIVRMGLXW^YWÇX^PMGL²FVMKKIFPMI
FIR +IKIR²FIV IMRIQ /EYJOVEJXWGL[YRH ZSR  WIMIR HMI

%RTEWWYRKIRZSRHYVGLWGLRMXXPMGL^YKIVMRK
y(EFIMQEGLIR[MVHIV74(RMGLXHIR:SV[YVJHE—WMIHMI%RTEWWYRKWWÇX
^IIX[ERMGLXHIV6IRXIRJSVQIPIRXWTVIGLIRHFIVIGLRIXLÇXXI(EW:IVWE
KIRHIVWS^MEPPMFIVEPIR/SEPMXMSRPMIKXHEVMRHE—WMIRMGLXIVOERRXLEXHE—
HMI 6IRXIRJSVQIP EYJ HIV %RRELQI FIVYLX HE— HEW 4VIMWRMZIEY WXEFMP
FPIMFX SHIV HE— IW ^YQMRHIWX OIMRI &IWGLPIYRMKYRK IMRIV WGLPIMGLIRHIR
+IPHIRX[IVXYRKKMFXl
3FFIMKEPSTTMIVIRHIV-RJPEXMSRYRH^Y²TTMKIR0SLRIVL¸LYRKIR
RYR KIVEHI L¸LIVI 6IRXIRERTEWWYRKIR HEW FIWXI +IKIRQMXXIP
WMRHHEVJFI^[IMJIPX[IVHIR
/EX^IV QIMRXI HE— HYVGL :SV^MILIR HIW %RTEWWYRKWXIVQMRW IMR
%YWKPIMGLKIWGLEJJIR[IVHIRQ²WWI(EW6IRXIRRMZIEYHEWEYJ
 HIW &VYXXSPSLRIW EFKIWYROIR [EV WSPPXI HEHYVGL [MIHIV

EYJ  WXIMKIR O¸RRIR 1²PPIV '(9  FIVMIJ WMGL EYJ HIR
7EGLZIVWXÇRHMKIRVEX HIV MR HMIWIQ >YWEQQIRLERK ZSR IMRIQ
2EGLLSPERWTVYGL HIV 6IRXRIV WTVEGL (MI 6IRXIRJSVQIP FIVYLI


/EX^IVKMFXHMIWI&IKV²RHYRKMRHIV7MX^YRK

1²PPIV;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK


EYJ HIV %RRELQI WXEFMPIV 4VIMWI HMI ÍFIVWGL²WWI H²VJXIR HIR
6IRXRIVRRMGLXZSVIRXLEPXIR[IVHIR
+IKIRHMIWIR:SVWGLPEK YRH ZSV EPPIQ KIKIR HMIWI&IKV²RHYRK
VIKXI WMGL FIM HIV 74( LIJXMKIV ;MHIVWXERH 7MI J²VGLXIXI HE—
QMXHIVZSVKI^SKIRIR%RTEWWYRKHEW+IPHZIVFVEYGLX[²VHIHEW
WMI MLVIVWIMXW J²V WXVYOXYVIPPI 0IMWXYRKWZIVFIWWIVYRKIR IMRWIX^IR
[SPPXI 7S ERX[SVXIXI HIV 74()\TIVXI 4VSJIWWSV 7GLIPPIRFIVK
HIQ'(97TVIGLIV/EX^IVHE—HMIWIV%RXVEKHEWWXVMOXI+IKIR
XIMPIMRIVWSPMHIR0IMWXYRKWZIVFIWWIVYRKWIM[IMPHMI%YWKEFIRMR
 .ELVIR YQ  1VH (1 IVL¸LX YRH EYJ IMRIR 7GLPEK HMI
,ÇPJXI HIV 6IWIVZIR HMI MR >YOYRJX ^Y IV[EVXIR WMRH ZIVTPERX

[²VHIR y;IV IMRQEP FIM HIV 6IRXIRERTEWWYRK QMX IMRIQ %F
WGLPEK YRH HEW ERHIVI 1EP [IRR IW MLQ TSPMXMWGL R²X^PMGL IV
WGLIMRX QMX IMRIQ >YWGLPEK STIVMIVX XVIMFX IMR KIJÇLVPMGLIW

7TMIPl9RHWTÇXIVWEKXIVFIWGL[¸VIRH y(MI6IRXRIVMRYRWI
VIQ 0ERHI FVEYGLIR 7MGLIVLIMX 7MI Q²WWIR WMGL ZIVPEWWIR O¸R
RIR HE— WMI EYGL MR >YOYRJX HMI ZSPPI H]REQMWGLI 6IRXI FI
OSQQIRSLRI>YWGLPÇKISLRI%FWGLPÇKI2MGLXW[ÇVIZIVLÇRK
RMWZSPPIVJ²VHMI6IRXRIVEPW[IRRHMI6IRXIRERTEWWYRKZSRHIV
NI[IMPMKIRTSPMXMWGLIR;IXXIVPEKIEFLÇRKMKKIQEGLX[MVHl
;ILRIV74(WTIRHIXHIV9RMSRHEWFMWWMKI/SQTPMQIRXHE—WMI

MLVIR %RXVEK RYV HIV ;MVOYRK [IKIR KIWXIPPX LEFI  y-GL LEFI
-LRIR KIWEKX HE— 7MI HIR %RXVEK PIHMKPMGL MR IMRIV 6MGLXYRK
HYVGLKIVIGLRIXLEFIRMRHIV;MVOYRK%FIVMGLWEKI-LRIRHMI
7MI LIYXI WS JV¸LPMGL WMRH -GL FIRIMHI 7MI HIRRSGL RMGLX (MI
'(9'79 KILX QMX HMIWIQ %RXVEK IMRIR WGLPMQQIR ;IK 7MI
[IVHIRHEVERHIROIRl


4VSJIWWSV7GLIPPIRFIVK;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK

4VSJIWWSV7GLIPPIRFIVK;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK

;ILRIV;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK


7TMX^Q²PPIV *(4 IVMRRIVXI HMI 9RMSRWOSPPIKIR HEVER HE— HEW
2MZIEY MR HIR .ELVIR     EYGL YRXIV 
KIPIKIR LEFI SLRI HE— HMI HEQEPMKIR ZIVERX[SVXPMGLIR %V
FIMXWQMRMWXIV HMIW ¸JJIRXPMGL EPW IMRIR FIOPEKIRW[IVXIR >YWXERH

IQTJYRHIRLÇXXIR
(MI6IGLXJIVXMKYRKHE—HMI2EGLLSPYRKHIVEYWKIJEPPIRIR
6IRXIRERTEWWYRK JV²LIV JMRER^MIPP RMGLX Q¸KPMGL KI[IWIR WIM
WXMQQI EYGL RMGLX WIM yIMRI IPIKERXI 8ÇYWGLYRKl [IMP HEQEPW
WMGLr1SREXWEYWKEFIRMRHIV6IWIVZIFIJYRHIRLÇXXIRMQ
:IVKPIMGL^YHIRFMWZSRHIRIRNIX^XHMI6IHIWIM(IV9R
XIVWGLMIH PMIKI HEVMR HE— QER KIWIX^PMGL HMI &IHMRKYRK KIPSO
OIVXLEFIYRHRYVRSGLHVIM1SREXWVIWIVZIRZSVKIWGLVMIFIRWIM
IR 7ILV HIYXPMGL ÇY—IVX IV WMGL ^Y HIV *VEKI [IQ HMI ÍFIV
WGL²WWIKIL¸VIR
y;IRR7MI?HMI'(9AWEKIRHE—LMIV+IPH^YV²GOKILEPXIR[IVHIHEWHIR
6IRXRIVR^YWXILXOERRMGLHMIWIV%VKYQIRXEXMSRRMGLXFIMTJPMGLXIR7MIMWX
XSXEP JEPWGL (E HIV &IMXVEKWWEX^ MR HIV 6IRXIRJSVQIP RMGLX IRXLEPXIR MWX
[MVHNIHIV6IRXRIVWSFILERHIPXEPWLÇXXIIVZSRHIQQE—KIFIRHIR)MR
OSQQIR  YRH RMGLX HMI [IWIRXPMGL RMIHVMKIVIR &IMXVEKWWÇX^I HMI MR
HIV1ILVLIMXHIV*ÇPPIEYJHMI(EYIVHIV&IMXVEKWPIMWXYRKZSRHIRLIYXM
KIR6IRXRIVRIRXVMGLXIX[SVHIRWMRHFI^ELPX&MW[EVIRIWSHIV
 HERR [YVHIR IW     HIQRÇGLWX  EF .ERYEV 
(EW FIHIYXIX HE— MR HIV L¸GLWXIR &IMXVEKWOPEWWI HMIWIV %VFIMXRILQIV
(1QILVFI^ELPXEPW[IRRHIV&IMXVEKWWEX^FIMKIFPMIFIR[Ç
VI SLRI HE— IV J²V HMIWI L¸LIVI 7YQQI IMRIR L¸LIVIR 6IRXIRERWTVYGL
IVLEPXIR[²VHIl
(IWLEPF WIM IW KIVIGLX HMI ÍFIVWGL²WWI EYJ &IMXVEKW^ELPIV ZSR
LIYXI YRH 6IRXRIV ZSR LIYXI ^Y ZIVXIMPIR (EQMX WTVMGLX IV HMI
JPI\MFPI%PXIVWKVIR^IERHMIHIR%VFIMXRILQIVREPW:IVFIWWIVYRK
ERKIFSXIR [IVHIR WSPP HMI EYW 7MGLX HIV 9RMSR EFIV RMGLX WS
HVMRKIRH[MIHMIZSVKI^SKIRI6IRXIRERTEWWYRKMWX(E^YRÇLI
VIWWTÇXIV


7TMX^Q²PPIV;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK


 
7GLPMI—PMGL HIV &YRHIWEVFIMXWQMRMWXIV %VIRHX  y(MI %RTEWWYRK
HIV 6IRXIR ER HMI )RX[MGOPYRK HIV &VYXXSP¸LRI YRH KILÇPXIV
LEX WMGL EPW J²V HMI 6IRXRIV ZSVXIMPLEJX IV[MIWIR ;IHIV IMRI
%RTEWWYRK ER HMI 4VSHYOXMZMXÇX RSGL ERHIVI /VMXIVMIR LÇXXIR
HE^YKIJ²LVXMLRIREYGLRYVERRÇLIVRHIMRIRWSPGLIR)MROSQ
QIRW^Y[EGLW [MI HYVGL HMI KIPXIRHI %RTEWWYRKWJSVQ ^Y KI
[ÇLVPIMWXIRl
(IV,MR[IMWEYJHMI:IVPIX^YRKHIV6IRXIRJSVQIPLÇXXIHMI9RMSR
IMKIRXPMGL MRW 1EVO XVIJJIR Q²WWIR 7MI [ILVXI WMGL QMX ^[IM
%VKYQIRXIR )VWXIRW ZIV[MIW WMI EYJ HIR +IWIX^IWXI\X HIV HMI
%RTEWWYRK NE RMGLX WXVIRK ER HMI 0SLRIVL¸LYRKIR WSRHIVR ER
HIR 4VSHYOXMZMXÇXWJSVXWGLVMXX KIFYRHIR LEFI 7S *VEY /EPMROI

'(9 y&IMIMRIVKIÇRHIVXIR7MXYEXMSRHIV;MVXWGLEJXFIMIMRIV
4VIMWWMXYEXMSR [MI WMI RSGL RMI HE KI[IWIR MWX WSPERKI [MV MR
HMIWIQ ,EYW ²FIV HMI /EYJOVEJX HIV 6IRXIR KIWTVSGLIR LEFIR
WXILIR[MVZSV HIV *VEKI SF [MV YRW RMGLXMR HIV KIQIMRWEQIR
:IVERX[SVXYRKZIVIMRMKIRWSPPXIRHEWWS^MEPTSPMXMWGL2SX[IRHM
KIHEWWS^MEPTSPMXMWGL(VMRKIRHI^YIVWX^YXYRl
>[IMXIRWFIVMIJQERWMGLrHEWMWX[MVOPMGLWXEYRIRW[IVXrEYW

KIVIGLRIXEYJ,IVFIVX;ILRIV)WMWXHIV'(97TVIGLIV/EX^IV
HIV MLR ^MXMIVX y(IR 6IRXRIVR [MVH HSGL HEQMX RMGLX KILSPJIR
HE— 7MI ZSR 7]WXIQIR WTVIGLIR WSRHIVR 7MI Q²WWIR ZSR HIQ
7]WXIQHIROIR [IK YRH Q²WWIR 1E—RELQIR IVKVIMJIR HMI HIR
6IRXRIVR[MVOPMGLLIPJIRl(E—;ILRIVHMIWI7ÇX^IFIMQ8LIQE
/PIMRWXVIRXIR WEKXI QMXRMGLXIR EFIV EYJ IMRI ZSVKI^SKIRI %R
TEWWYRKFI^SKZIVWGL[IMKX/EX^IV
8VSX^HIQ[MPPWMGLHMI'(9'79RMGLXZ¸PPMKZSRHIV6IRXIRJSV
QIPZIVEFWGLMIHIR HMI WMI HMI KER^IR .ELVI LMR[IK ERKI[ERHX
YRHZIVXIMHMKXLEXXI7SFIKV²RHIXWMIMLVI%OXMSRQMXHIQ,MPJW


%VIRHX;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK

*VEY/EPMROI;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK

/EX^IV;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK


EVKYQIRXWMILSPIHMIEYWKIJEPPIRI%RTEWWYRKHIW.ELVIW
^YV,ÇPJXIREGLYRHHEWREGL.ELVIR
,MIV [IVHIR [MV >IYKI HIW 6SPPIRXEYWGLIW (MI 9RMSR IVPEYFX
WMGLIMRIRPÇWWMKIR9QKERKQMXHIV6IRXIRJSVQIPJ²VHIVIR9R
ERXEWXFEVOIMX WMI HVIM .ELVI ^YZSV RSGL FIVIMX [EV ILIV IMRIR
/VEROIRZIVWMGLIVYRKWFIMXVEK ^Y IVLIFIR (MI 74( LMRKIKIR
OPEQQIVX WMGL NIX^X ER HMI *SVQIP [IMP WMI RYV HEQMX HMI XIYVI
%RTEWWYRKZIVQIMHIRYRHHMI6IWWSYVGIRJ²VHEWMRMLVIR%YKIR
ZMIP WGL¸RIVI WS^MEPI '%6)4EOIX VIXXIR OSRRXI (EW 8LIQE HIV
JV²LIVIR %RTEWWYRK HYVGL^SK RYR WÇQXPMGLI (IFEXXIR FMW ^YQ
FMXXIVIR)RHIMQ7ITXIQFIV7SOYV^ZSVHIV;ELPORMGOXIR
HMI74(YRHHMI*(4HERRIMR
(EW J²V HMI ;ELP IRXWGLIMHIRHI %VKYQIRX JSVQYPMIVXI /EX^IV

EFIVWGLSRMQ3OXSFIV y9RH[SFPIMFXHIRRQIMRI(E
QIRYRH,IVVIRZSRHIV7S^MEPHIQSOVEXMIHMIZSR-LRIRMQQIV
FIWGL[SVIRI WS^MEPI +IVIGLXMKOIMX [IRR  1MPPMSRIR 6IRXRIV
EYJ IMRI %RLIFYRK HIV 6IRXIR ZIV^MGLXIR Q²WWIR HEQMX REGL
-LVIR:SVWXIPPYRKIRQE\MQEP4IVWSRIRKI[MWWI0IMWXYR
KIR IVLEPXIR O¸RRIR# 2EGL HIV RIYIWXIR 7TVEGLVIKIPYRK HIV
6IKMIVYRKWSPPIRIWNERYRWIMRl
(EWVIMRUYERXMXEXMZI1IWWIRHIV&IKP²GOXIRRÇQPMGL1MPPMS
RIR6IRXRIVKIKIR²FIVRYV4IVWSRIRHIVIR0IMWXYRKIR
ZIVFIWWIVX[IVHIRWSPPXIRFMPHIXIHMI,ERHPYRKWQE\MQIZSVHIV
;ELP %FKIWILIR HEZSR HE— HMI ZSR HIV 74( &IKP²GOXIR HSGL
^ELPVIMGLIV [EVIR QIVOX QER FIM HMIWIV +IKIR²FIVWXIPPYRK
HIYXPMGLHMI;ELPWXVEXIKMI9QWMGLIVI6IRXIRKMRKIWRMGLX(IV
8EFYFVYGLHMI6IRXIRREGLERHIVIR1E—WXÇFIRER^YTEWWIREPW
MR HIV 6IRXIRJSVQIP YRH MLVIV %R[IRHYRKWTVE\MW ZSVKIWILIR
WSPPXI WMGL WTÇXIV [MIHIVLSPIR EPPIVHMRKW QMX YQKIOILVXIV 8IR
HIR^RMGLXYQQILV+IPHEYW^YKIFIRWSRHIVRYQQILV+IPH
IMR^YWTEVIR

/EX^IVIFH


(EW;YRWGLTEOIXHIV/SEPMXMSR
;ÇLVIRHWMGLHMI'(9'79EPW7GLYX^TEXVSRMRJ²V1MPPMSRIR
6IRXRIV HEV^YWXIPPIR WYGLXI WTMIPXI HMI WS^MEPPMFIVEPI /SEPMXMSR
HMI6SPPIHIV6IJSVQIV7MI[SPPXIHMIEPWQERKIPLEJXYRHYREYW
KIKPMGLIR ERKIWILIRI 6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK ZIVFIWWIVR -Q (I
^IQFIV WXIPPXI &YRHIWEVFIMXWQMRMWXIV %VIRHX WIMRIR +IWIX^IRX
[YVJ ZSV FIOERRXI WMGL ^YRÇGLWX ^YV H]REQMWGLIR 6IRXI yWMI
LEXWMGLFI[ÇLVXlVIHIXIHERREFIVZSR7GL[ÇGLIRYRH0²GOIR
HMI FIWIMXMKX [IVHIR Q²—XIR 9Q [IMXIVKILIRHIR ;²RWGLIR
KPIMGL^YFIKIKRIRZSVEPPIQHIRIRHIV9RMSRREGLIMRIVZSVKI

^SKIRIR6IRXIRERTEWWYRKWTVMGLXIVHIR*MRER^VELQIRER
y-R HIV 7SVKI YRH *²VWSVKI J²V HMI 6IRXRIV PEWWIR WMI &YRHIWVIKMIVYRK
YRH *VEOXMSRIR WMGL ZSR RMIQERHIR ²FIVXVIJJIR %FIV RMGLX EYJ IMRIR
7GLPEK 7S^MEPI +IVIGLXMKOIMX IVJSVHIVX EYGL HMI &IV²GOWMGLXMKYRK HIV *M
RER^PEKI(MI&YRHIWVIKMIVYRKRYX^XHIRJMRER^MIPPIR7TMIPVEYQHIVWMGL
EYW HIR PERKJVMWXMKIR YRH WSPMHIR :SVEYWWGLÇX^YRKIR HIV JMRER^MIPPIR
)RX[MGOPYRKHIV6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRKIVKMFXl
%PW +V²RHI RIRRX IV HMI ²FIVHYVGLWGLRMXXPMGLI 0SLR YRH +I
LEPXWIRX[MGOPYRK MQ .ELV  YRH PERKJVMWXMK HMI &IMXVEKWER

LIFYRK ZSR  EYJ  (ERR J²KX IV RSGL [EVRIRH LMR^Y
y(MI;ELVLIMXMWXHSGLHE—HMI+IPHIVJ²VHMIPERKJVMWXMKIR6I
JSVQZIVFIWWIVYRKIR IVWX RSGL ZSR HIR &IMXVEKW^ELPIVR EYJKI
FVEGLX [IVHIR Q²WWIR 0IMHIV [MVH HMIW MR HIV WS^MEPTSPMXMWGLIR
(MWOYWWMSRSJXRYV[IRMKSHIV²FIVLEYTXRMGLXFIEGLXIXl
(MIWI )MRWMGLX LÇPX MLR EFIV WIPFWX RMGLX MQ >EYQ )V PIKX WIMR
;YRWGLTEOIXHEVIWWSPP1VH(1OSWXIR-RHIQ)RX[YVJ
HIV HIQ &YRHIWVEX ^YKIPIMXIX [SVHIR [EV FIXVYKIR HMI /SWXIR
RSGL  1VH (1 %R IVWXIV 7XIPPI WXILX HMI )MRJ²LVYRK IMRIV
JPI\MFPIR%PXIVWKVIR^IWSHERRHMI%YJWXSGOYRKHIVOPIMRIR6IR
XIR HMI EYJ QMRHIWXIRW  :IVWMGLIVYRKWNELVIR EYJFEYIR )W


%VIRHX;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK

%VIRHXIFH


WSPPIR1²XXIVHMIIMRIRIMKIRIR6IRXIRERWTVYGLLEFIRJ²VNI
HIW /MRH IMR ^YWÇX^PMGLIW .ELV ERKIVIGLRIX FIOSQQIR HEW WS
KIRERRXI &EF]NELV (MI 6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK WSPP WMGL J²V 7IPF
WXÇRHMKI YRH ,EYWJVEYIR SLRI IMKIRIW )MROSQQIR ¸JJRIR (MI
/VEROIRZIVWMGLIVYRKWFIMXVÇKI HMI ZSR HIR 6IRXRIVR IVLSFIR
[SVHIR[EVIRWSPPIR^YV²GOKI^ELPX[IVHIR(EV²FIVLMREYWKMFX
IWRSGL[IMXIVIOPIMRIVI:IVFIWWIVYRKWZSVWGLPÇKIHMILMIVRMGLX
MRXIVIWWMIVIR
(MIWIQ;YRWGLTEOIXKEFHMI'(9'79RMGLXVYRH[IKIMRI%F
WEKI WMI SVHRIXI HMI :SVWGLPÇKI ZMIPQILV MR 6ERKWXYJIR HIV
(VMRKPMGLOIMX (VMRKPMGL JERH EYGL WMI HMI :IVFIWWIVYRK HIV
/PIMRWXVIRXIR [²RWGLIRW[IVX HMI JPI\MFPIR %PXIVWKVIR^IR YRH
HMI ÓJJRYRK J²V 7IPFWXÇRHMKI WGL[MIVMKIV HMI J²V ,EYWJVEYIR
RMGLX PIMWXFEV HEW &EF]NELV :SV EPPIR ERHIVIR :IVFIWWIVYRKIR
JSVHIVXIWMIEFIV[MIWGLSRKIWEKXHMIZSVKI^SKIRI6IRXIRER
TEWWYRK
)MRI%HHMXMSRHIV;²RWGLIWS[EVRXI%VIRHX[²VHIHIR7TMIP
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7GLQMHX/IQTXIR;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK


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ERHIVIRWGLMIFIRlRMGLXWSVIGLXMR+ERKOSQQIR^YIMRHIYXMK
[EVIRHMI8ÇXIV^YKIQIMRWGLEJXPMGLIV9RZIVRYRJXIRXWGLPSWWIR

(MI*MRER^JVEKIR
)W [EV EFIV RMGLX WS HE— HMI %FKISVHRIXIR HEW 8LIQE HIV *M
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7S WXIPPXI HIV *(4%FKISVHRIXI 7GLQMHX /IQTXIR JIWX  y;MV
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^ILRXIR YRH EYGL ZSR &IPEWXYRKIR HIW ,EYWLEPXIW QMX WMGL
FVMRKXl


7GLQMHX/IQTXIR;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK


)VIVMRRIVXHEVERHE—HMI1VH(1RSGLRMGLXIX[EFIVIMXW
ZSVLERHIR WIMIR HE— QER WMI RYV KIWIX^PMGL ZIVXIMPIR Q²WWI
:MIPQILVQ²WWXIRWMIFMWZSR1MPPMSRIR&IMXVEKW^ELPIVR
QMX HIQ EF  .ERYEV  KIPXIRHIR &IMXVEKWWEX^ IVWX IMRQEP
EYJKIFVEGLX[IVHIR)VWTVMGLXWMGLKIKIR[IMXIVI&IMXVEKWFIPE
WXYRKIR EYW YRH [EVRX HMI 9RMSR ZSV MLVIR %RXVÇKIR 3FIVWXIV

+VYRHWEX^ Q²WWI WIMR  yHE— HMI 0IMWXYRKWZIVFIWWIVYRKIR J²V
HMI 6IRXRIV ZSR LIYXI YRH ZSR QSVKIR HMI [MV LIYXI LMIV FI
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>YOYRJX RSX[IRHMK QEGLIR HE— IMRI WSPMHI *MRER^MIVYRK EYJ
+VYRHHIV>ELPIRFIVIMXWLIYXIKIWMGLIVXIVWGLIMRXYRHHE—[MV
RMGLXIX[EMRMVKIRHIMRIV*SVQLIYXIIMR*MRER^ÇRHIVYRKW
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ZSVIRXLEPXI
y;EWMRHIV*MRER^VIGLRYRKFMW^YQ.ELVERÍFIVWGL²WWIR
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QMRMWXIVW (EW Q²WWIR HMI :IVWMGLIVXIR ZSR LIYXI IVWX IMRQEP
HYVGLMLVI&IMXVÇKIEYJFVMRKIRl
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%FKISVHRIXI *VEY /EPMROI  [IRR EYGL RYV YQ ^Y ^IMKIR [MI
QERHMI%FPILRYRKHIW&EF]NELVIWFIKV²RHIRQY—
y(IV IVVIGLRIXI JMRER^MIPPI 7TMIPVEYQ HIR [MV NIX^X YQZIVXIMPIR MWX NE
RMGLX ^YPIX^X HMI :SVEYWWIX^YRK J²V HEW [EW EYGL QSVKIR EYWKIKIFIR
[IVHIRWSPP(MIWIV7TMIPVEYQFIVYLXMQ+VYRHIEYJHIV&IMXVEKWIVL¸LYRK


7GLQMHX/IQTXIR;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK

%VIRHX;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRKIFH

*VEY/EPMROI;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRKIFH


 HMIZSQ.ERYEVMR/VEJXXVIXIR[MVHYRHHMIRYRHIV:IV[MVOPMGLYRKHIV
0¸WYRKIRHMIEYGLHMI6IKMIVYRKERKIWXVIFXLEXYRHHMI[MVQMXMLVWEGL
ZIVWXÇRHMK YRH ZIVERX[SVXYRKWFI[Y—X FIVEXIR LEFIR HMIRIR WSPP %FIV
HMI)VLEPXYRKHIV0IMWXYRKWJÇLMKOIMXHIVWS^MEPIR7MGLIVYRKYRWIVIW:SPOIW
MR HMI >YOYRJX LMRIMR QY— EYJ (EYIV :SVVERK ZSV HIR ;²RWGLIR LEFIR
HMIEYGL[MVMRFI^YKEYJHMI*SVXIRX[MGOPYRKHIVWS^MEPIR7MGLIVYRK
LEFIRl
9RH^YQ/SPPIKIR7GLIPPIRFIVK74(KI[ERHXJÇLVXWMIJSVX
y-GLLSJJIHE—7MIIMRWILIRHE—QEREQ)RHIRYVHEWYQZIVXIMPIROERR
[EW QER [MVOPMGL MR HIV /EWWI LEX YRH HE— RMIQERH HIV IMRQEP [MIHIV
VIKMIVIR[MPPYRHHIV:IVXVEYIRKI[MRRIR[MPPKPEYF[²VHMKFPIMFX[IRR
IV(MRKIZIVWTVMGLXHMIIVRMGLXLEPXIRYRHIVJ²PPIROERRl
,ÇXXIR HSGL HMIWI ;SVXI HIQ KER^IR 4EOIX KIKSPXIR 7S EFIV
LEX WMI RYV HIQ 1VH(14VSNIOX IMRIW HIR 1²XXIVR IMR^Y
VÇYQIRHIR&EF]NELVIWIMRI%FWEKIIVXIMPX
+IKIRHIR:SV[YVJHMI:SVWGLPÇKIHIV'(9'79FI[IKXIRWMGL
RMGLXQILVMRRIVLEPFHIWJMRER^MIPP:IVXVIXFEVIRYRHWIMIRHELIV
RMGLX ^Y ZIVERX[SVXIR [ILVX WMGL HIV '(9'79%FKISVHRIXI

1²PPIV YRH WEKX QER LEFI HIR %RXVEK HIV '(9 ZSVKIPIKX
yREGLHIQ [MV [MI IMR WSPMHIV ,EYWZEXIV RMGLX RYV EFWSPYXI
/PEVLIMX ²FIV HMI *MRER^IRX[MGOPYRK HIV 6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK
WSRHIVREYGL/PEVLIMXHEV²FIVLEXXIRHE—YRWIV:SVWGLPEKMRHIV
7EGLI KYX YRH JMRER^MIPP WSPMHI [EV 9RWIV KIWGLPSWWIRIW /SR
^ITX MWX MQ 6ELQIR HIW ZIVJ²KFEVIR *MRER^VELQIRW ^Y WILIR
YRHJMRER^MIPP^YZIVOVEJXIRl
>Y HIR +IPH^Y[ÇGLWIR [YVHIR OIMRI OVMXMWGLI *VEKIR ER HIR
%VFIMXWQMRMWXIVKIWXIPPXIX[E[MIWSPGLI7YQQIRTP¸X^PMGLEYJ
XEYGLIR YRH WMGL ZIVQILVIR O¸RRIR WSRHIVR MQ +IKIRXIMP IW
[YVHI HMI *VEKI IV¸VXIVX [MIWS QER %FKISVHRIXI HMJJEQMIVX
LEFI HMI WGLSR ZSR %RJERK ER L¸LIVI ÍFIVWGL²WWI TVSKRSWXM
^MIVXLEXXIR


Müller, 6. Wahlperiode, 197. Sitzung, 20.9.1972


)W[EVHIV4EVXHIWXIQTIVEQIRXZSPPIR'(9%FKISVHRIXIR*VER

OI HIVWIMRI/SPPIKIRHIV74(HEVERIVMRRIVXI[MIQERRSGL
MRHIV(I^IQFIVWMX^YRK²FIVHMI'(9MRWFIWSRHIVIMLVIR7TVI
GLIV /EX^IV KIWTVSGLIR LEXXI (EQEPW LEFI HIV 74(%FKI
SVHRIXI2¸PPMRK²FIV/EX^IVLIVKI^SKIR
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PMGL[IRR/EX^IVRMGLXVIGLRIROERR#/EX^IV[MPPHMI9RMSRTVSJMPMIVIR
YRH ZIVWTVMGLX HEW &PEYI ZSQ ,MQQIP LIVYRXIV )V PǗX EPPI ZIVERX[SV
XYRKWZSPPI :SVWMGLX FIM :SVEYWWGLÇX^YRKIR JELVIR YRH WIX^X HEQMX HMI
YRV²LQPMGLI 8VEHMXMSR JSVX >ELPIR RMGLX QILV WS KIREY ^Y RILQIR [MI
JV²LIVl
*VEROI [IMWX HEKIKIR EYJ IMR )\TIVXIRKIWTVÇGL QMX HIQ %V
FIMXWQMRMWXIVMYQLMRMRHIQJIWXKIWXIPPX[SVHIRWIMyHE—IWFMW
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EYGL HMI )\TIVXIR HIW &YRHIWEVFIMXWQMRMWXIVMYQW ^YKIFIR
QY—XIRl7S[IRHIXIVWMGLKIKIRHIR:SV[YVJWMIWIMIR:SPOW
ZIVJ²LVIVYRHWEKXy(EFIMLEFIR[MVWSPMHIKIVIGLRIXYRHLE
FIR EYJ HMIWIV WSPMHIR &EWMW YRWIVI KIWEQXI /SR^ITXMSR IRX
[SVJIRl
(MIWSPMHIR6IGLRIVHIV9RMSRLEFIR^YQMRHIWXOIMRIR)VJSPKFIM
HIV&YRHIWXEKW[ELPZSRKILEFX
;MI FI[IVXIX QER HMI (IFEXXIR ZSR  YRH  [MI FI
[IVXIXQERHMIKIXVSJJIRIR)RXWGLIMHYRKIR#
1ER OERR WMI RYV EPW TSPMXMWGLIR ;ELRWMRR FI^IMGLRIR %PPI
&IVIGLRYRKIR JY—XIR EYJ HIV YRLEPXFEVIR %RRELQI IMRIV JSVX
HEYIVRHIR,SGLOSRNYROXYVFIMHIVHMI&IMXVEKWIMRRELQIRWXÇV
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KIROSRRXIRWGLSR/VMWIREYWP¸WIRHIRR7MGLIVLIMXWTSPWXIV[E
VIR RMGLX QILV ZSVLERHIR (IV KER^I *MRER^VELQIR [EV EPWS


Franke, 6. Wahlperiode, ebd.


MRWXEFMP EFIV IW KEF YRXIV HIR 7S^MEPTSPMXMOIVR YRH WIPFWX HIR
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HMI 6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK J²V 7IPFWXÇRHMKI YRH ,EYWJVEYIR HMI
6IRXIJ²V/PIMRWXZIVHMIRIV7MI[EVIRWTÇXIVEPPI[MIHIVEPW4EXM
IRXIR^YFILERHIPR%FIVEYGLHMIZSRHIV&²LRIZIVWGL[YRHI
RIR 6IJSVQXIMPI HIV /VEROIRZIVWMGLIVYRKWFIMXVEK J²V 6IRXRIV
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PMXMWGLHYVGLEYWIMRWILFEVIR+V²RHIRFPMIFIRTSPMXMWGLZMVYPIRX
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*VEY 7GLPMI—PMGL KEF IW EYGL [MIHIV FIWGL[¸VIRHI 7ÇX^I ^YV
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J²V  NÇLVMKI 1ÇRRIV FIM  .ELVIR FIM *VEYIR FIM 
.ELVIR PMIKXl %RHIVW WIMIR EFIV HMI 7GLÇX^YRKIR MQ +IWYRH
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[MVH )W IVKIFI WMGL HEVEYW IMRIW HIV ,EYTXTVSFPIQI O²RJXMKIV


(V/VIMPI;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK


+IWIPPWGLEJXWTSPMXMO RÇQPMGL IMR EYWKI[SKIRIW :IVLÇPXRMW ^Y
JMRHIR^[MWGLIR)V[IVFWNELVKÇRKIRYRHHIR.ELVKÇRKIRHMIZSR
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XIVLMREYWKIWTEVX
;EWIWEYGLRMGLXKEF[EVIRÍFIVPIKYRKIR^YQ6IRXIRW]WXIQ
MRWKIWEQX (E^Y FMIXIR WMGL >IMXIR ZIVQIMRXPMGLIR 6IMGLXYQW
EYGL RMGLX ER (IV LSGLQERMTYPEXMZI 'LEVEOXIV HIW 6IRXIRW]
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WMGLIVYRKIRERKIPILRXI%PXIVWWMGLIVYRK#
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LI .IX^X OEQIR [IMXIVI 7SPMHEVIPIQIRXI LMR^Y HMI 6IRXI REGL
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2MGLXZIVWMGLIVXI*²VHMIWI7SPMHEVIPIQIRXIWXERHIRHMI&IMXVEKW
^ELPIVKIVEHIHMIRYRWGLSRHIWNI[IMPMKIR)MROSQQIRWER
HMI 6IRXIROEWWI EF^YJ²LVIR LEXXIR >Y %YJVYLV LEX HEW RMGLX
KIJ²LVX[MINE²FIVLEYTX)VL¸LYRKIRZSR0SLR^YWEX^OSWXIRZMIP
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HIR+IPHFIYXIPKVIMJXFIMHIWIMRYRHHMI8ÇXIVWMRHEYGLHMIWWIP
FIR RÇQPMGL 4SPMXMOIV %RLIFYRKIR HIV 7S^MEPZIVWMGLIVYRKWFIM
XVÇKI PEWWIR WMGL EFIV FIWWIV EPW 7SPMHEVPIMWXYRK EFJSVHIVR YRH
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ER
(EW 6IRXIRFSSX [YVHI HYVGL HMIWI 7SPMHEVPIMWXYRKIR LSGL FI
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&IM R²GLXIVRIV &IXVEGLXYRK HMIWIV 0EKI OSRRXI WMGL IMKIRXPMGL
OIMRIHIV4EVXIMIRHIR;ELPWMIK[²RWGLIR)W[EVRÇQPMGLZSV
EYW^YWILIR HE— HIV 7MIKIV HEW 7XIYIV [MIHIV MR HMI ,ERH ^Y
RILQIRYRHHEW&SSXEYJ/YVW^YFVMRKIRLEFIR[IVHI



(MI>[MWGLIR^IMXFMW
(MI)VR²GLXIVYRKYRHXIMP[IMWIVIYMKI9QOILVWSPPIRWMGLIVWXMR
HIR.ELVIRIMRWXIPPIRYRH^[EVMR6IRXIRERTEWWYRKW
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KIWIX^HIV6IEPMXÇX[MIHIV^Y[IRHIRLEXXIREFIVQMXHIVWMGLI
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ERQMXQMRHIWXIRW7MIZIVKPMGLIRNIX^XSJJIRHMI6IRXI
QMX HIQ 2IXXSIMROSQQIR HIV %VFIMXRILQIV YRH [MIWIR QMX
7XSP^HEVEYJLMRHE—QMXHIW2IXXSIMROSQQIRWHEWL¸GL
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,MIVMWXRSGLQEP^YV²GO^YKVIMJIREYJHEW[EWHIV*(44SPMXMOIV
7GLQMHX/IQTXIRWGLSRMRHIV7ITXIQFIVWMX^YRK^YHIQ
2MZIEYZIVKPIMGL ^[MWGLIR 6IRXIRL¸LI YRH HIR &VYXXSP¸LRIR

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WXYRK HIW %VFIMXIRHIR YRH HIV 6IRXIRL¸LI HIW 6IRXRIVW KI^S
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&VYXXSPSLRHIW%VFIMXRILQIVWRSGLEFIVWGLSR
 FIXVEKIR :SR IMRIV %RTEWWYRK HIV 6IRXIR ER HMI 2IX
XSP¸LRI[EVQERJVIMPMGLRSGL[IMXIRXJIVRX


7GLQMHX/IQTXIR;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK


1ERÇRHIVXIHEWZSRHIV'(9MRHIVPIX^XIR7MX^YRKRSGLHYVGL
KIHV²GOXI 6IRXIRRMZIEYWMGLIVYRKWKIWIX^ QMX HIQ IMR 2MZIEY
ZSRQMRHIWXIRWHIW&VYXXSIMROSQQIRWHYVGLIRXWTVIGLIR
HI %RTEWWYRK KIWMGLIVX WIMR WSPPXI 1ER ÇRHIVXI KPIMGLJEPPW HMI
&IWXMQQYRKIRHIVJPI\MFPIR%PXIVWKVIR^I[IPGLIHMI9RMSRRSGL
QMXMLVIVLEYGLH²RRIR1ILVLIMXFIWGLPSWWIRLEXXIYRHHMIIMRI
YRFIKVIR^XI 1¸KPMGLOIMX ^YV ;IMXIVEVFIMX XVSX^ ZSV^IMXMKIQ
6IRXIRFI^YKZSVWEL2YRQILVWSPPXIRIWRYVHIWZIVHMIRXIR
0SLRIW WIMR HIR QER FMW ^YQ  0IFIRWNELV RIFIR HIV 6IRXI
RSGL ZIVHMIRIR HYVJXI (EW IVKEF QMX HIV 6IRXI ^YWEQQIR IMR
)MROSQQIRMR,¸LIHIWZSPPIR2IXXSPSLRIW
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WGLSRELRIR(IV&YRHIW^YWGLY—WSPPXIMR,¸LIZSR1MPPMEV
HIR(1KIWXYRHIX[IVHIR9RHIW[YVHIIMRI%YXSQEXMWMIVYRK
KITPERX HMI HIV 6IKMIVYRK HEW TSPMXMWGL LIMOPI +IWGLÇJX HIV
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HMI%RTEWWYRKHYVGL)VPE—(MIWIVPIX^XI:SVWGLPEKWSPPXIERKIF
PMGLHMI6IRXRIVWXÇVOIRYRHHEQMXy&IWXVIFYRKIRHMINÇLVPMGLI
%RTEWWYRK HIV 6IRXIR KER^ SHIV XIMP[IMWI MR *VEKI ^Y WXIPPIR
HIV %RWEX^TYROX KIRSQQIR [IVHIRl WS HMI &IKV²RHYRK HIW
6IKMIVYRKWIRX[YVJW
(MI 7XYRHYRK HIW &YRHIW^YWGLYWWIW [YVHI ZSR HIV 3TTSWMXMSR
LIJXMKOVMXMWMIVXHEKIKIRLMIPXHIV74(4SPMXMOIV4VSJIWWSV7GLIP

PIRFIVKHMIWJ²VZIVXVIXFEV7IMRI&IKV²RHYRKPEYXIXI
y;ÇLVIRHHIV%QXW^IMXHIW/SPPIKIR/EX^IV[YVHIEPW*SPKIHIVZIVJILPXIR
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QEPWFIWSRHIVWLEVX[IMPHMI6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK^YVKPIMGLIR>IMX1MPPM
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 1MPPMEVHIR (1 LIYXI HEKIKIR LEX HMI 6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK ÍFIV
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IMRIW 8IMPFIXVEKIW FMW ^Y IMRIQ >IMXTYROX LMREYW^YWGLMIFIR ER HIQ HMI


4VSJIWWSV7GLIPPIRFIVK;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK


 6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRKHMIWI&YRHIWQMXXIP[IKIRHIWYRK²RWXMKIR%PXIVWEYJ
FEYWEYGLXEXWÇGLPMGLFIR¸XMKXl
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OYRJXWEYJKEFI YRXIVWGLSFIR RÇQPMGL FIVIMX ^Y WXILIR J²V >IM
XIRMRHIRIRHMI&IMXVEKW^ELPIVQILV6IRXRIVYRXIVLEPXIRQ²W
WIR (MIWI %YJKEFI WSPPXIR REGL HIR (MWOYWWMSRIR ZSR  NE
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 (EW WSPPXI IVWX FIMQ  6IRXIRERTEWWYRKWKIWIX^ KI
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FIQIWWYRKWKVIR^IMRHIV/VEROIRZIVWMGLIVYRKEYGLIMRIHVEWXM
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HIRl ,ÇQMWGL ^MXMIVX IV âY—IVYRKIR ZSR %VIRHX YRH 7GLQMHX
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/EX^IV;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK


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VEH%HIREYIVYRH%RXSR7XSVGLIMRKIJ²LVXLEFIRl
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HIVRH²VJIHE—HMI0¸WYRKEPWSEYWWGLPMI—PMGLMR)MRRELQIIVL¸
LYRKIR^YJMRHIRWIMIR

(IV 74(7TVIGLIV 7YRH  J²LVX HIR +IKIRERKVMJJ YRH IVMRRIVX
HMI 9RMSR HEVER HE— WMI EPPIR 6IRXIRKIWIX^IR MQQIV ^YKI
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L]WXIVMI)VZIVXIMHMKXHIR6²GOPEKIREFFEYYRHHMI2IXXSERTEW
WYRKy*²VHMI(EYIVHIW*MRER^MIVYRKWIRKTEWWIW[IVHIR[MVEPWS
FIM HIV %RLIFYRK HIV &IWXERHWVIRXIR EYW HIQ FMWLIVMKIR 1I
GLERMWQYWEYWOPMROIRNIHSGLRMGLXYQMLREY—IV/VEJX^YWIX
^IR WSRHIVR YQ WTÇXIV [MIHIV MR IMRI FVYXXSPSLRFI^SKIRI (]
REQMOIMR^YWGL[IROIRl
%YGLLMIV[MVHHEWWXVYOXYVIPPI4VSFPIQHIV6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK
Z¸PPMKZIVOERRX1ERWTVMGLXWMGLWIPFWX8VSWX^YMRHIQQERHMI
1E—RELQIREPWZSV²FIVKILIRHIOIRR^IMGLRIXWSEPW[ÇVIQER
MR IMRIR TP¸X^PMGLIR 6IKIRWGLEYIV KIVEXIR ;EW [ÇVI HIRR ^Y
XYR[IRRHMI;MVXWGLEJXWOVMWIPÇRKIVERLMIPXISHIVMR[IRMKIR
.ELVIR IVRIYX EYWFVÇGLI# ,IYXI LEFIR [MV QMX KER^ ERHIVIR
%VFIMXWPSWIR^ELPIR^YOÇQTJIRYRHQMXZMIPFIHVSLPMGLIVIR>EL
PIRHIV&IZ¸POIVYRKWIRX[MGOPYRK,IYXIMWXHEW&I[Y—XWIMR²FIV
HMI2SX[IRHMKOIMX HIW)MRKVMJJWILIVZSVLERHIR(IRRSGL²FIV
VEWGLX HMI 2EMZMXÇX HIV HEQEPMKIR 4SPMXMOIV YRH MLVI &ILEVVPMGL
OIMXZSVHIV;MVOPMGLOIMXHMI%YKIR^YZIVWGLPMI—IR


7YRH;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK


-R HIV FIVIMXW FIWGLVMIFIRIR 7GLPEGLXSVHRYRK [IMXIV JSVXJEL
VIRH NI[IMPW HIQ +IKRIV WIMRI *ILPIV ZSV^Y[IVJIR WEKXI

7GLQMHX/IQTXIR ERHMI%HVIWWIHIV'(9'79y-LVIQ,IVVR
&YRHIWZSVWMX^IRHIRFPMIFIWZSVFILEPXIREQ1EMWIMXIRW
HIV3TTSWMXMSRIMRIZSPPI7S^MEPKEVERXMIJ²VHIR*EPPMR%YWWMGLX
^YWXIPPIRHE—7MIEQ3OXSFIVHMI1ILVLIMXIVVMRKIRl
%YGL KIKIR HMI âY—IVYRK ZSR /EX^IV '(9'79 HMI 1E—REL
QIR [²VHIR ^Y 6IRXIRO²V^YRKIR J²LVIR [IRHIX IV WMGL YRH
RIRRXIWIMRIOPEVI8ÇYWGLYRKHIVÓJJIRXPMGLOIMXy)W[MVHOIMRI
IMR^MKI 6IRXI KIO²V^X (MI 6IRXIR [IVHIR PERKWEQIV ERKITE—X
[IVHIRl (MI %RLIFYRK HIV &IMXVEKWFIQIWWYRKWKVIR^I MR HIV
/VEROIRZIVWMGLIVYRK EYJ  FI^IMGLRIX IV EPW XVEKFEV (EFIM
LERHIPIIWWMGLYQIMRIR&IXVEKZSRYRKIJÇLV(1MQ1SREX
(MI RYR JSPKIRHIR +IWIX^IWÇRHIVYRKIR [IVHIR [MI KI[SLRX
MQ>YKIHIVNÇLVPMGLIR%RTEWWYRKWKIWIX^IFIWGLPSWWIR(IVy&MK
&ERKl [EV EFIV MR HIV )V¸JJRYRKWHIFEXXI ^YV 6IKMIVYRKWIVOPÇ
VYRK WGLSR IMRKIXVIXIR YRH KEF IMRIR )MRHVYGO [MI YRKIQIMR
VMWMOSVIMGLHEW+IWGLÇJXHIV/SRWSPMHMIVYRKMRHIR6IRXIRJMRER
^IR[EVYRH^[EVZSVEPPIQJ²VIMRI6IKMIVYRKYRHHMIWMIXVE
KIRHIR4EVXIMIR(MI:IVWYGLYRKJ²VHMI3TTSWMXMSRHEW[IMHPMGL
EYW^YR²X^IR [EV HIQIRXWTVIGLIRH KVS— +IVIGLX KMRK IW FIM
HIV6IRXIRTVSFPIQEXMOMRWSJIVR^YEPWWMGLHIV*MPQQMXHIQWIP
FIR(VILFYGLRYVQMXEYWKIXEYWGLXIV&IWIX^YRKWTÇXIV[MIHIV
LSPIRWSPPXI

(MIIVWXI)XETTI
(EW6IRXIRERTEWWYRKWKIWIX^FSXHIR%RPE—YRH6ELQIRJ²V
HEW &²RHIP HIV 7ERMIVYRKWZSVLEFIR (IV RIY MR HEW %QX HIW
&YRHIWEVFIMXWQMRMWXIVW FIVYJIRI )LVIRFIVK LEXXI HMI YRHERO


7GLQMHX/IQTXIRIFH


FEVI %YJKEFI HMI :SVWGLPÇKI HIQ 4EVPEQIRX ZSV^YWXIPPIR 7IMR
:SVKÇRKIV MQ %QX %VIRHX [EV OYV^ REGL HIV /ER^PIV[ELP ^Y
V²GOKIXVIXIR

)LVIRFIVK  FIKMRRX QMX HIR KI[SLRXIR &IWGL[¸VYRKIR (EW
/SRWSPMHMIVYRKWTVSKVEQQ HIV &YRHIWVIKMIVYRK WMGLIVX HMI *M
RER^KVYRHPEKIR J²V HMI H]REQMWGLI 6IRXI YRH KI[ÇLVPIMWXIX
HE—HMI6IRXIR[IMXIVLMREQ[MVXWGLEJXPMGLIR;EGLWXYQXIMPLE
FIR)WWXÇVOXHEW7SPMHEVTVMR^MTHIV6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRKYRHHIR
+IRIVEXMSRIRZIVXVEK YRH IW KIWXEPXIX HMI *MRER^KVYRHPEKIR HIV
6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRKOSRNYROXYVYREFLÇRKMKIV)V^ÇLPXEYJ
(YVGL &IKVIR^YRK HIV >ELPYRK [IPGLI HMI 6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK
ER HMI /VEROIRZIVWMGLIVYRK PIMWXIR QY— EYJ  [MVH HIV >Y
WXERHHIV6IKIPYRKZSV[MIHIVLIVKIWXIPPX-RHIV>[MWGLIR
^IMX[EVIRHMIWI>YWGL²WWIEYJERKI[EGLWIR
(MI&YRHIWERWXEPXJ²V%VFIMX^ELPXJ²VHMI%VFIMXWPSWIRZSPPI&IM
XVÇKI ER HMI 6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK (EQMX [MVH HMI 6IRXIRZIVWM
GLIVYRK ZSR HIV /SRNYROXYVPEKI YRH HIQ +VEH HIV &IWGLÇJXM
KYRK YREFLÇRKMKIV WS^YWEKIR [IXXIVJIWX (IQ WXMQQX HMI 3T
TSWMXMSR^Y
;MIHIVLIVWXIPPYRK HIW EPXIR %RTEWWYRKWXIVQMRW HYVGL HMI %R
TEWWYRKIVWX^YQ%YGLHIQWXMQQXHMI3TTSWMXMSR^Y
)MRI8IMPEOXYEPMWMIVYRK[MVHHIR>IMXVEYQZIVO²V^IRHIVJ²VHMI
NÇLVPMGLI%RTEWWYRK^YKVYRHIKIPIKX[MVH
(MI %RTEWWYRK ZSV²FIVKILIRH YRXIVLEPF HIV )RX[MGOPYRK HIV
&VYXXSIRXKIPXI Q²WWI IVWX FIMQ  6IRXIRERTEWWYRKWKIWIX^
FIWGLPSWWIR[IVHI(EQMX[EV^YRÇGLWXIMRQEPHIVKV¸—XI8EFY
FVYGL EYJ HEW OSQQIRHI .ELV ZIVWGLSFIR RÇQPMGL ZSR HIV
6IRXIRJSVQIP EF^Y[IMGLIR SHIV FIWWIV ZSR HIV WMGL EYJ HMI
*SVQIP FIVYJIRHIR %RTEWWYRKWTVE\MW )LVIRFIVK JSVQYPMIVX HEW
ZSVWMGLXMKWSy(MI&YRHIWVIKMIVYRKOERRRMGLXEYWWGLPMI—IRHE—

)LVIRFIVK;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK


IW HMI )RX[MGOPYRK HIV *MRER^PEKI MR HIV 6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK
IVJSVHIVPMGL QEGLIR O¸RRXI HMI PEYJIRHIR 6IRXIR ZSV²FIVKI
LIRHYRXIVLEPFHIV)RX[MGOPYRKHIV&VYXXSIRXKIPXIER^YTEWWIR
NIHSGLYQLMIVÇLRPMGLIW[MI^YZIVL²XIRRMGLXYRXIVLEPF
HIV)RX[MGOPYRKHIVZIVJ²KFEVIR)MROSQQIRHIV%VFIMXRILQIVl
7SWILVHMIWIWRIYI4EOIXEYJ>YWXMQQYRKHIV9RMSRLMRZIVÇR
HIVX [SVHIR [EV WS [IRMK FVIQWXI HEW HIR )PER IMRIV OSRXVS
ZIVWIR (IFEXXI 7GLSR HIV &YRHIWEVFIMXWQMRMWXIV KVIMJX HMI
'(9'79 ER [IMP WMI &IMXVEKWIVL¸LYRK SHIV HMI ;MIHIVIMRJ²L
VYRK HIW /VEROIRZIVWMGLIVYRKWFIMXVEKW JSVHIVI )V JMRHIX MR EP
PIQ [EW IV ZSVWGLPÇKX 7SPMHMXÇX YRH %YWKI[SKIRLIMX MR HIR
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-LQ JSPKX HIV [SVXKI[EPXMKI *VEROI  '(9'79 HIV ^YRÇGLWX
HIR 7S^MEPFIMVEX ^MXMIVX (MIWIV LEPXI HMI 1E—RELQIR J²V RMGLX
EYWVIMGLIRH )V FIOPEKX HERR HMI  NÇLVMKI :IVWGLPITTYRK HMI
'(9'79 LEFI [ÇLVIRH HMIWIV >IMX MQQIV WGLSR EYJ HMI (IO
OYRKWP²GOI LMRKI[MIWIR WGLSR EQ  1ÇV^  EPWS ZSV HIV
;ELP LEFI QER HEW 4VSFPIQ ERKIWTVSGLIR *²V HMI 6IKMIVYRK
LEFIIWWMGLFMW^YQ3OXSFIVYQIMRy4VSFPIQGLIRlKILER
HIPX HEREGL IVWX YQ HEW HMGOWXI 4VSFPIQ (MI 9VWEGLIR WMILX
*VEROI MR HIV OEXEWXVSTLEPIR %VFIMXWQEVOXPEKI FIKV²RHIX )W
WIMIR1MPPMSRIR%VFIMXWTPÇX^IZIVPSVIRKIKERKIRYRHIRXWTVI
GLIRH[IRMKIV&IMXVÇKIMRHMI6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRKKI^ELPX[SV
HIR )MRI âRHIVYRK HIV FVYXXSPSLRFI^SKIRIR 6IRXIRERTEWWYRK
PILRX IV EF RMGLX EFIV HMI :IVWGLMIFYRK HIV %RTEWWYRK ^YQ
WGL[IVIR,IV^IRW
y;MV WMRH YRW HIV 7GL[IVI HIV :IVERX[SVXYRK FI[Y—X 7GLYPH
EFIV LEX HMI &YRHIWVIKMIVYRK HMI HMI [MVXWGLEJXPMGLIR (EXIR
RMGLXMRHIR+VMJJFIOSQQIRLEXl


*VEROI;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK


&IMXVEKWIVL¸LYRK [MPP IV RMGLX EYWWGLPMI—IR YRH FIJ²V[SVXIX
IMRIR /VEROIRZIVWMGLIVYRKWFIMXVEK J²V 1ILVJEGLVIRXRIV HIVIR
ÍFIVZIVWSVKYRKIVFIOPEKX(IVIMRJEGLI6IRXRIV[IVMQQIVHEW
MWXWSPPMRWFIWSRHIVI[IRR4IVWSRIR ZSRWIMRIV6IRXIPIFIR
ZSRHMIWIV4JPMGLXJVIMKIWXIPPXFPIMFIR
(MIWI :SVWGLPÇKI WMRH ZIV[SVVIR WMI PEWWIR IMRI )MRWMGLX MR HMI
7XVYOXYVIMRIV:IVWMGLIVYRK[IRREYGLIMRIV7S^MEPZIVWMGLIVYRK
YRHHMIHSVXIV[SVFIRIR6IGLXIZ¸PPMKZIVQMWWIRYRHWMRHIMRIQ
(IROIR ZIVLEJXIX HEW ILIV ^Y IMRIQ WS^MEPMWXMWGLIR :IVWSV
KYRKWWXEEXTE—X

*²V HMI 74( WTVMGLX +PSQFMK  HIV HEW 4EOIX HIV &YRHIWVIKMI
VYRKTJPMGLXKIQǗZIVXIMHMKXEFIV^YIVOIRRIRKMFXHE—EYGLIV
IMRI &IMXVEKWIVL¸LYRK J²V HIROFEV LÇPX (MI %RTEWWYRK ER HMI
2IXXSIRXKIPXI FI^IMGLRIX IV EPW ZSV²FIVKILIRHI %F[IMGLYRK
ZSQ LIVO¸QQPMGLIR %RTEWWYRKWZIVJELVIR )X[EW XVSX^MK OPMRKX
WIMRI:IVWMGLIVYRKHE—J²VHMI74(HMI6²GOOILV^YV&VYXXSER
TEWWYRK:SVVERKZSVHIV;MIHIVEYJJ²PPYRKHIV6²GOPEKIRLEFI
7GLQMHX/IQTXIRWIX^XIMRIR7GLPY—WXVMGLYRXIVIMRIyMREPPIR
*VEOXMSRIRYRHMRHMIWIQ,EYWIRMGLXMQQIVV²LQPMGLI(MWOYWWM
SRMRHIRPIX^XIR.ELVIR;IRRMGLHMIWLMIVWSFI[Y—XWEKIWS
[IM—MGL[IWLEPFHIRREYGLMGL[EVERHMIWIV(MWOYWWMSRFIXIM
PMKXl
%YJ *VEKI IMRIW '(9/SPPIKIR SF HMI *(4 HEW WSKIRERRXI 
7XYJIRQSHIPP QMX IMRIV WXEEXPMGLIR +VYRHVIRXI MQQIV RSGL JE
ZSVMWMIVIERX[SVXIXIV HE— HMI*(4 ²FIV IMRIV 7SGOIPVIRXIIMRI
PIMWXYRKWFI^SKIRI6IRXIYRHHEV²FIVLMREYW^YWÇX^PMGLI:IVQ¸
KIRWFMPHYRK EYJFEYIR YRH HEQMX HMI 7XVYOXYV HIV %PXIVWWMGLI
VYRKFIWWIVKIWXEPXIR[SPPI)VWIPFWXLEFIWGLSRMQ.ELVI
ZSR HIV >YOYRJXWRSX[IRHMKOIMX HIV 7XVYOXYVQE—RELQIR MR HIV
6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRKKIWTVSGLIR


+PSQFMK;ELPTIVMSHI7MX^YRK


7SOSQQXLMIVIMRQEP[MIHIVHIVEPXI1MWGLRMGO4PER^YQ:SV
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WXVEOXIR2SVQIROSRXVSPPI7MIMWXZIVLIMVEXIXYRHLEXHVIM/MRHIV
IV^SKIR
-LVI TSPMXMWGLI 8ÇXMKOIMX FIKERR WMI  MQ 1EVFYVKIV 7XEHX
TEVPEQIRXEPW*VEOXMSRWZSVWMX^IRHIHIV*(4^SKWMIMRHIR
,IWWMWGLIR0ERHXEKIMRYRHHVIM.ELVIWTÇXIVMR HIR(IYXWGLIR
&YRHIWXEKHIQWMIFMWERKIL¸VXI
-Q0ERHXEK[MIMQ&YRHIWXEK[EVHMI7S^MEPTSPMXMO7GL[IVTYROX
MLVIV8ÇXMKOIMX%PWWS^MEPTSPMXMWGLI7TVIGLIVMRLEXWMIMQ0ERHXEK
J²VHMI*(4*VEOXMSRHEW/MRHIVKEVXIRKIWIX^WS[MI+IWIX^I^YQ
/VEROIRLEYWYRH6IXXYRKW[IWIRZIVLERHIPX-RKPIMGLIV*YROXM
SREFLEXWMIMQ(IYXWGLIR&YRHIWXEK+IWIX^I^YV4JPI
KIZIVWMGLIVYRK 7S^MEPLMPJI 0EHIRWGLPY— %VFIMXWJ¸VHIVYRK YRH
MQQIV [MIHIV EYGL ^YV 6IRXIRZIVWMGLIVYRK QMX YRH SJX KIKIR
HMI1MRMWXIV &P²Q YRH 7IILSJIV EYWKILERHIPX YRH QMXKIWXEPXIX
(MI HEFIM KI[SRRIRIR )VJELVYRKIR YRH )MRWMGLXIR MR HMI FI
KVIR^XIR 1¸KPMGLOIMXIR TSPMXMWGLIV :IVRYRJX LEFIR [IWIRXPMGL
HE^Y FIMKIXVEKIR HIR y&PMGO ^YV²GO MQ >SVRl EYJ ZIVKERKIRI
6IRXIRHIFEXXIR^Y[IVJIR



4IVWSRIRVIKMWXIV