VERY IMPORTANT BASICS

Of
ENGLISH LANGUAGE

SUBJECT/DOER OBJECT VOICE – Active/Passive VERB

HELPING-VERB NOUN PRONOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB

SUBJECT / DOER : जो PERSON / ANIMAL या MACHINE SENTENCE में ACTION

को PERFORM करता है उसे SUBJECT या DOER कहते है और इसे S या D से DENOTE (दर्ााना) करते हैं.

मैं Daily पूजा करता हूँ : I worship daily S= I

रवि MATHS पढ़ाता है : Ravi teaches Maths S = Ravi
खाना रात को 8 बजे बनता है : Food is made at 8 pm S = No Subject
कल एक Accident हुआ : An Accident took place yest. S = Accident
रवि को वकसने थप्पड़ मारा : Who slapped Ravi ? S = No Subject

OBJECT (O) : जजस PERSON / ANIMAL या MACHINE पर ACTION

को PERFORM जकया जाता है उसे OBJECT कहते है

अजय ने रवि को मारा : Ajay beat Ravi O = Ravi

रवि MATHS पढ़ाता है : Ravi teaches Maths O = Maths
खाना रात को 8 बजे बनता है : Food is made at 8 pm O = Food
रवि को वकसने थप्पड़ मारा : Who slapped Ravi ? O = Ravi

VOICE
Friends जब भी हम कोई भी LANGUAGE में SPEAKING / WRITING / READING करते हैं ,
तो हम दो VOICES में करते है . एक ACTIVE VOICE और दू सरा PASSIVE VOICE और इन दोनोों के KNOWLEDGE
के वबना हम वकसी भी LANGUAGE को PROPERLY LEARN या SPEAK नही ों कर सकते हैं .

ACTIVE VOICE : वजस SITUATION में SUBJECT IMPORTANT होता है और हमारा पूरा EFFORT (प्रयास )
ANSWER दे ते हुए ये बताने में होता है वक ACTION वकसने PERFORM वकया है , उस SITUATION में ACTIVE
VOICE RULES USE करके SENTENCE बनता है .
और अगर SENTENCE QUESTION हो तो और QUESTION में SUBJECT के बारे में पुछा जाये तो भी
उस SITUATION में ACTIVE VOICE RULES USE करके SENTENCE बनता है .

ACTIVE VOICE के ENGLISH SENTENCES SUBJECT (कताा ) से START होते हैं

SUBJECT --- HELPING VERB --- VERB FORM – REMAINING PART

S – H.V – V.F – R.P
ACTIVE VOICE के sentences में DIFFERENT TENSES में DIFFERENT FORMS OF VERBS use
होती हैं
PASSIVE VOICE : वजस SITUATION में OBJECT IMPORTANT होता है और हमारा पूरा EFFORT (प्रयास )
ANSWER दे ते हुए ये बताने में होता है वक ACTION वकसके ऊपर PERFORM वकया है , उस SITUATION में
PASSIVE VOICE RULES USE करके SENTENCE बनता है .
और अगर SENTENCE QUESTION हो तो और QUESTION में SUBJECT के बारे में न पूछ कर
OBJECT से related पुछा जाये तो भी उस SITUATION में PASSIVE VOICE RULES USE करके
SENTENCE बनता है .

PASSIVE VOICE के ENGLISH SENTENCES OBJECT (कताा ) से START होते हैं

OBJECT --- HELPING VERB --- VERB 3rd FORM – REMAINING PART
O – H.V – V(3) – R.P
Passive Voice के सभी sentences में VERB 3rd FORM use होती है चाहे वो जकसी भी TENSE
में हो

ACTIVE PASSIVE CHART – नीचे वदए हुए ACTIVE PASSIVE CHART के column 2 के
PASSIVE SENTENCES हम वसर्ा और वसर्ा पुरानी THEORITICAL BOOKS में पाते है , REAL या
PRACTICAL LIFE में न ही बोलते हैं न ही वलखते हैं .और वजन NEW BOOKS में आपको ऐसे PASSIVE
SENTENCES वमलते हैं तो िो वसर्ा और वसर्ा EXAM में पास होने के वलए मजबू री में पढाये या समझाए जाते
हैं . आप Real life में column 2 नही ीं बल्कि column 3 के SENTENCES बोलते हैं

ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE (BOOKISH) PASSIVE VOICE (PRACTICAL)

S – H.V – V.F – R.P
मम्मी DINNER 8 बजे बनाती है
Mother makes dinner at 8
pm
Not in Practical Use
O – H.V – V(3) – by – S
DINNER मम्मी दु आरा 8 बजे बनता
है
Dinner is made by Mother at
8 pm
In Daily use
O – H.V – V(3) – R.P
हमारे यहााँ DINNER 8 बजे बनता है
Dinner is made at 8 pm in
our home.

RAVI SIR क्लास में आजकल
GRAMMAR
पढ़ा रहे हैं .
Ravi Sir is teaching
Grammar in the classs
these days
PRESIDENT OF INDIA 26
January को 15 Brave
students को सम्मावनत करते हैं
President of India gives
awards to 15 brave
students on 26th january
Terrorists ने कल 3 Indian
soldiers मार डाला
Terrorists killed 3
Indian soldiers
yesterday.
आजकल क्लास में RAVI SIR दु आरा
GRAMMAR पढाई जा रही है .
Grammar is being taught by
Ravi Sir in the class these
days
26 January को 15 Brave
students को PRESIDENT OF
INDIA दु आरा सम्मावनत वकया जाता है
Awards are given to 15
brave studnets by President
of India on 26 January.
3 Indian soldiers को
Terrorists दु आरा कल मारा गया
3 Indian soldiers were
killed by Terrorists
yesterday.
आजकल क्लास में GRAMMAR
पढ़ाई जा रही है
Grammar is being taught in
the class these days
26 January को 15 Brave
students को सम्माजनत जकया
जाता है .
Awards are given to 15
brave studnets on 26
January.
कल एक Terrorists ATTACK में
3 Indian soldiers मारे गए
3 Indian soldiers were
killed in aTerrorists
attack yesterday.

कल सभी दे शिावसयोों ने बड़े धू मधाम कल DIWALI सभी दे शिावसयोों दु आरा कल पुरे दे र् में DIWALI बड़ी धूम
से DIWALI celebrate की बड़े धू मधाम से celebrate की गयी धाम से मनाई गयी
All countrypeople Diwali was celebrated by Diwali was celebrated in
celebrated Diwali wiht all the country people the whole country with lots
lots of joy yesterday. yesterday with lots of joy of joy yesterday.

MORE EXPLANATION ON ACTIVE VOICE :-

SITUATION 1. ये road वकस Governement ने बनायीों थी (QUESTION about Subject )
Congress Govt. ने ये Road बनायी ों थी : Congress is the Subject
Congress Govt. made this road : Sentence Subject से start हो रहा है
SITUATION 2. तु म्हे English कौन पढ़ाता है (QUESTION about Subject )
विकास sir हुम्हे English पढ़ाते हैं . : Vikas Sir is the Subject
Vikas Sir teaches us English : Sentence Subject से start हो रहा है

Other Examples : Ravi कभी Home Work complete नही ों करता है : Subject : Ravi
Ravi never completes his home –Work
मैं औरो पर बहुत जल्दी trust कर लेता हूँ : Subject = I
I trust others very quickly

MORE EXPLANATION ON PASSIVE VOICE :-

SITUATION 1 ये road कब बनी थी ? ( QUESTION about Object & not about Subject )
ये road 2 साल पहले बनी थी = This road was made two years ago
Passive Voice : Sentence OBJECT (Road) से start हो रहा है

SITUATION 2. तु म्हे second lecture में क्या पढ़ाया जाता है ?( QUESTION about Object & not Subject )
हमे second lecture में English पढ़ाई जाती है
ENGLISH is taught to us in second lecture : English is an Object

Other Examples :
Please इन examples को पढ़ते हुए इन्हें ऊपर Active Voice के examples से जरुर compare करे

Ravi की क्लास में रोज डाीं ट पढ़ती है

Ravi is scolded everyday in the class

Ravi is an OBJECT & not a Subject क्ूींजक अब is situation में Ravi काम नही ीं कर रहा है बल्कि उसके
ऊपर काम हो रहा है ,,उसकी डाीं ट पढ़ रही है ,,वो नही ीं डाीं ट रहा है

मेरा बहुत आसानी से बे िकूर् बन जाता है

I am fooled very easily
I is an OBJECT & not a SUBJECT

NOUN : जो words ये बताते है वक वकसका क्ा नाम ADJECTIVES : जो Words ये बताते हैं वक Noun
है या वकसको कैसा है उनको Adjectives कहते है
क्ा कहते है उनको NOUN कहा जाता है जैसे Riya कैसी है : Riya खु श है
Ex: Ram, Shyam, TajMahal, Father , Uncle, Adjective Words : खुश (Happy)
America , Chair , table , Cricket etc. Vikas Sir कैसे हैं : Vikas sir बहुत strict हैं
Adjective Words : Strict
Other Nouns :
Adjectives िो शब्द होते हैं जो वकसी व्यक्ति , िास्तु या
Names of all Feelings = Happiness, Sadness, जगह की विशेषता बताते हैं ।
Jealousy, Love, Hatredness , Romance etc. जैसे सु न्दर ( Beautiful ) , INTELLIGENT, खुश
(HAPPY) , दु खी (SAD) , अमीर (RICH) , POOR ,
Names of all body reactions = Pain, Relaxation, QUALIFIED etc.
Thirst, Excitement etc. ADJECTIVES को तीन Categories में बाों टा जा सकता है
Names of all Processes & Acts = Teaching, Qualities (गुण ) : ईमानदार (Honest) ,
Swimming, Cooking, War etc. आज्ञाकारी ( Obedient) , सच्चा (Truthful)
Characteristics /Traits (जवर्ेषता / पहचान )
NOUN = WHAT (क्ा) = क्ा का जवाब : पतला (Thin) , मोटा (Fatty), Small , Big , Beautiful
Condition (अवस्था ) : खुश(Happy) , दु खी( Sad ) ,
दे ने वाले WORDS NOUN होते हैं टू टा हुआ (Broken) , र्ोंसा हुआ (Stuck)
ADJECTIVE = HOW (कैसा / कैसी )
कैसा / कैसी का जवाब दे ने वाले
WORDS
ADJECTIVE होते हैं
Q. वजोंदगी में क्ा चावहए ? Q. रवि वजोंदगी में कैसा है ?
Ans. सु ख (Happiness) Ans. सु खी (Happy)
Q. हमे क्ा नही ों चावहए वजों दगी में ? Q. तु म कैसे हो ?
Ans. दु ुःख (Sadness) Ans. दु खी (Happiness)
Q. रवि के Behavior में क्ा है ? Q. रवि कैसा इन्सान है ?
Ans. विनम्रता (Politeness) Ans. विनम्र (Polite)
Q. Terrorists क्ा र्ैलाते हैं ? Q. शेर कैसा जानिर है ?
Ans. वहों सा (Violence) Ans. वहों सक (Violent)
Q. हमे िीर लोगो के बारे में जानकर क्या वमलता है Q. वप्रय कैसी लड़की है ?
Ans. उत्साह (Motivation) Ans. उत्साही (Motivated)
Q. खाने में क्या होना चावहए ? Q. खाना कैसा होना चावहए ?
Ans. स्वाद (Taste) Ans. स्वावदस्ट (Tasty)
Q. भारत की बड़ी समस्या क्या है ? Q.भू टान कैसा दे श है ?
Ans. गरीबी (Poverty) Ans. गरीब (Poor)
Q. दु श्मन से लड़ने के वलए क्या चावहए Ans. Q. विनोद कैसा लड़का है ?
बहादु री (Bravery) Ans. बहादु र (Brave)
Q. भू त प्रेत को मानना क्या कहलाता है Ans. Q. आवदिासी लोग कैसे होते हैं ?
अोंधविश्वास (Superstition) Ans. अन्धविश्वासी (Superstitious)
Q. Ans. चमक (Brightness) Q. Ans. चमकीला (Bright)
Q. भारत को क्या चावहए ? Q.भारत कैसा दे श बनना चाहता है ?
Ans. विकास (Development) Ans. विकवसत (Developed)
Q. राहुल के व्यिहार में क्या है ? Q. राहुल कैसा लड़का है ?
Ans. ईमानदारी (Honesty) Ans. इमानदार (Honest)

Identify the following words as Noun & Adjective : -

Abusive, Cleverness, Impressive, Courage, Superstitioun, Arrogant, Fairness, Delicate,

Corruption, Dirt, Trustable, Violent, Thief, Teacher, Readable, Humorous, kindness,
Cruel,Tiredness, Fluency, Topper, Sin, Innocence,Confused, Disappointed, Attracted, Friendly,
Enmity , Sweetness, Watchable, Mischief, Isolation, Isolated, Frustration, Anger, Lovable,
Strictiness, Expectation, Expected, Capability, Capable, thirst, Political, Filmy, Curiousity,
Extravagant, Devotee, Rough, Carefulness, History, Historical, Honour, Honourable.

TYPES OF ADJECTIVE

Positive Degree Comparative Degree Superlative Degree

जब दो लोगो के बीच तुलना जब दो लोगो से ज्यादा हो और ये
(comparison) हो . कोई जकसी Decide करना हो की उनमे से सबसे
से ज्यादा है तो ADJECTIVE से ज्यादा कौन है तो ADJECTIVE से
पहले MORE लगायेंगे और अगर कोई पहले The Most लगायेंगे और ये
जकसी से कम है तो ADJECTIVE से Decide करना हो की उनमे से सबसे
पहले LESS लगायेंगे कम कौन है तो ADJECTIVE से
पहले The least लगायेंगे
ADJECTIVE MORE ADJECTIVE THE MOST ADJECTIVE
LESS ADJECTIVE THE LEAST ADJECTIVE
Ravi is INTELLIGENT Marks : Vivek is MORE INTELLIGENT Manoj is THE MOST INTELLIGENT
82 than Ravi boy among all
Vivek is also INTELLIGENT Or Ravi is LESS INTELLIGENT
Marks : 87 than Vivek AND
Manoj is also INTELLIGENT Manoj is MORE INTELLIGENT
Marks : 92 than Vivek Ravi is THE LEAST INTELLIGENT
Or Vivek is LESS boy among all
INTELLIGENT than Manoj
BEAUTIFUL MORE BEAUTIFUL THE MOST BEAUTIFUL
LESS BEAUTIFUL THE LEAST BEAUTIFUL
HONEST MORE HONEST THE MOST HONEST
LESS HONEST THE LEAST HONEST

VERBS(Main Verbs) & HELPING VERBS

VERBS उन WORDS को कहते है जो वकसी भी विया / काम या ACTION के होने को बतलाते हैं

ACTIONS / Verbs (Main Verb) भी तीन प्रकार के होते हैं

1. Physical Action (शारीररक विया) : Run , Swim , Eat , Dance , Write etc.
2. Mental Action (मानवसक विया ) : Think , Dream etc.
3. Heart Action (भािनात्मक विया) : Love , Like , Hate , Care etc.

Other Verbs : IS , AM , ARE , DO , DOES , HAS, HAVE , DID , WAS , WERE , HAD, WILL etc.
जो शब्द विया या verb होता है उसका प्रयोग Different Forms में होता है या अगर हम कहें की जो शब्द
verbs होते है वसर्ा उन्ही की different forms होती है जो tense बदलने के साथ बदलती है ।

जैसे V(1) V(2) V(3)

EAT ATE EATEN

SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN
IS WAS BEEN
AM WAS BEEN
ARE WERE BEEN
HAS HAD HAD
HELPING VERBS ( H.V ):
HELPING VERBS िो VERB WORDS होते हैं जो दु सरे VERB WORD को HELP करते हुए SENTENCE बनाते
हैं Helping Verbs को Supporting Verbs भी कहते हैं और वजन VERB WORD को ये SUPPORT करते हैं
उन्हें MAIN VERB (M.V) कहते हैं .

EXAMPLES :
Do / Does , Is/Am/Are, Has/Have, Has been/ Have been , Did ,
Was/Were, Had, Will, Shall , Will be, Will have/ Shall have , will have been
Other Helping Verbs : इन्हें Auxilliary Verbs भी कहते हैं : CAN, COULD, SHOULD ,
MUST , MAY , MIGHT , WOULD , OUGHT etc...

जब SENTENCE में जसर्ा HELPING VERB होता है तो वही HELPING VERB MAIN VERB
(M.V) बन जाता हैं

I AM GOING TO DELHI TODAY H.V = AM M.V = V(ing) = GOING

HE HAS GONE TO MARKET H.V = HAS M.V = V(3) = GONE
I AM AT HOME TODAY M.V = AM H.V = NO Helping Verb
SHE HAS 3 PENS M.V = HAS H.V = NO Helping Verb
I DID NOT DO THIS WORK H.V = DID M.V = DO
I DO NOT LIKE YOU H.V = DO M.V = LIKE
I DO MY HOMEWORK DAILY M.V = DO H.V = NO Helping Verb

ADVERB = Adjective + Verb = Adjective of a Verb = वकसी भी काया की विशेषता

बताने िाले शब्द या िो शब्द जो बताते हैं की कोई भी काया कैसे होता है ।
जैसे : 1. रजव तेज़ दौड़ता है । कैसे दौड़ता है == तेज़ (FAST : Adverb )
RAVI runs fast
2. र्ीतल बहुत धीमे बोलती है ।
Sheetal speaks softly कैसे बोलती है == धीमे (Softly : Adverb)
3. जिया बहुत प्यार से बात करती है
Priya talks very politely कैसे बात करती है == प्यार से ( Politely : Adverb)
4. मै जियींका से बहुत प्यार करता हाँ
4. I love Priyanka so much Adverb == Much

English Champ Short cut : - हर Adjective से Adverb बड़ी आसानी से बनाया जा सकता है .
Adjective से Adverb बनाने के जलए Adjective के End में +ly लगा दे ना होता है . ( Exception /
अपवाद : “Fast” Adjective से “Fastly” Adverb नही ीं बनता, इस CASE में Adverb “Fast” ही रहता
है )

Adjective Adverb = Adjective + ly

Slow = Priya is a slow runner
Polite = Rajesh is a polite teacher
Intelligent = He is an intelligent speaker
FAST = Ravi is a fast bolwer
Clever = Birbal was a clever Minister
Honest = Prashant is an honest employee
Proper = Rakesh is a proper batsman
Adverb = Slow + ly = Slowly
Priya runs slowly
Adverb = Polite + ly = Politely
Rajesh teaches politely
Adverb = Intelligent + ly = Intelligently
He speaks intelligently
Adverb = FAST = Ravi bowls fast
Adverb = Clever + ly = cleverly
Birbal talked cleverly
Adverb = Honest + ly = Honestly
Prashant works honestly
Adverb = Proper + ly = Properly
 Rakesh bats properly
Loud = Rita is a loud speaker Adverb = Loud + ly = Loudly
Rita speaks loudly

PRONOUN CHART

Subject Object Possessive Possessive Reflexive

Pronoun Pronoun Adjective Pronoun Pronoun

My Myself
I love my
Mine I wash
1st person
I Me This pen is
I love Riya Riya loves me country clothes
mine
This is my pen myself

Our
We love our
Ourselves
We Us Ours We wash
1st person (plural) We love P.M P.M Modi loves country These pens are
clothes
Modi Us These are our ours
ourselves
pens
Your Yourself
You love your
Yours You wash
2nd person
You You This pen is
You care me I care you country clothes
yours
This is your pen yourself
2nd person (plural) you you your yours yourselves
His
He loves his
Himself
He His He washes
He loves
Him country This is This pen is
3rd person (male)
Priya loves him clothes
Priya his pen his
himself

Her
She loves her
Herself
Hers She washes
3rd person (female)
She Her country This pen is
she loves Raj Raj loves her clothes
This is her pen hers
herself

Its
It Tommy loves its
It (Tommy
It ower
Itself
3rd person (neuter) Raj feeds it (not used) Tommy eats
Dog) cares This is its food
(Dog) daily food itself
Raj(owner

Their
They love their
Themselves
Theirs They wash
They Them country These pens are
3rd person (plural)
They care me I care them clothes
These are their theirs
themselves
pens

COMBINATION OF VERB (MAIN VERB / M.V )

& HELPING VERB (H.V)
(Used in Active Voice Only)
 Friends नीचे वदए हुए 4 different Table Boxes में Verb & Helping Verbs के combination वदए हुए हैं
ये सभी combinations Active Voice में ही use होते हैं .
अगर आप अच्छी English बोलना चाहते हैं , तो इन Combination को अच्छी तरह से practice कीवजये
और रोज Revise कीवजये

M.V = Verb First Form V(1) Eat , Speak , Write , Call, Drink , See

DO & DOES DID WILL

(Present Tense) (Past Tense) (Future Tense)
CAN , SHOULD , MUST, COULD , WOULD WOULD
MAY, MIGHT (Past Tense) (Future Tense)
(Present Tense)

M.V = Verb Second Form V(2) Ate , Spoke , Wrote , Called, Drank ,

Used only in Past Tense

Not Used in Present Tense NO HELPING VERB Not used in Future Tense

M.V = Verb First Form V(3) Eaten , Spoken , Written , Called, Drunk

HAS / HAVE HAD WILL HAVE

(Present Tense) (Past Tense) (Future Tense)

Verb First Form V(ing) Eating , Speaking , Writing, Calling , Seeing

IS / AM / ARE WAS / WERE WILL BE

(Present Tense) (Past Tense) (Future Tense)
HAS BEEN / HAVE BEEN HAD BEEN WILL HAVE BEEN
(Present Tense) (Past Tense) (Future Tense)
 TYPES OF SENTENCES IN ANY TENSE OR SUB TENSE

English Speaking करते हुए Sentences दो type से बनते हैं

ANSWERS QUESTIONS
Subject – Helping Verb – Main Helping Verb – Subject --- Main
Verb Verb
S --- H.V --- M.V H.V --- S --- M.V
 Question जो बनता है िो Answer से ही बनता है और इसके वलए Answer में Subject के
बाद आने िाले Helping Verb को Question बनाते हुए Subject से पहले लगाना होता है -
-- इसका मतलब Questions बनाने के वलए आपको अलग सोचना नही ों पड़ता है . इसवलए जब
भी आपको Question बनाने में Problem आये , तो उस Question का Answer बनाये और
इस प्रकार Question खुद बन जाये गा

QUESTION दो तरह के होते हैं – Confirmation (Question Type 1) – जब भी हमें

जवाब “YES” या “NO” में चाजहए होता है तो उस Question को Confirmation

Question कहते हैं और उस Question में “क्ा” का मतलब “WHAT” नही ीं होता है .

क्ा तुम जदल्ली में काम करते हो ? == Do you work in Delhi ?

Question Word (Question Type 2) - जब भी हमें जवाब “YES” या “NO” में नही ीं
चाजहए होता है तो उस Question को Question Type 2 कहते हैं और उस Question में

“क्ा” का मतलब “WHAT” होता है .

तुम जदल्ली में क्ा करते हो ? == What do you do in Delhi ?

क्ा तुम जदल्ली में कम करते हो =

नीचे वदए हुए Chart Examples से आपको ये बात CLEAR हो जाएगी वक ENGLISH वकतनी Easy
language है , आपको वसर्ा और वसर्ा ANSWER बनाना आना चावहए , QUESTIONS और NEGATIVE
SENTENCE खुद ब खुद बन जायें गे. आपको वसर्ा ANSWER में वदए हुए SENTENCE FORMULA को आगे
पीछे करना है और बाकी तरह के SENTENCE अपने आप बन जायें गे .

Positive Sentence Negative Sentence Confirmation Question Word

(Answer Type 1) (Answer Type 2) Sentence Sentence
(Question Type 1) (Question Type 2)
S – H.V – M.V S – H.V not – M.V H.V -- S –– M.V Q.W -- H.V -- S ––
M.V
Ravi – is – going Ravi – is not – Is – Ravi – going Where – is – Ravi –
going going
Raj – will – come Raj – will not -- Will – Raj – come When – Will – Raj -
come - come
Riay – has – gone Riya – has not – Has – Riya – gone Where – has – Riya
 gone – gone
Raj – was -- Raj – was not -- Was – Raj – absent Why – Was – Raj --
absent come absent
Vikas – is – a Vikas – is not – a Is – Vikas – a In Which School –
Teacher Teacher Teacher is – Vikas – a
Teacher
It – will – rain It – will not – Will – It – rain When – Will – it –
today rain today today rain today
Raj – can – give Raj – can not – Can – Raj – give When – can – Raj –
money give money money give money
India—would—be a India – would not Would – India – be When – would –
developed country – be a developed a developed India – be a
country Country developed Country

Positive Sentence Negative Sentence Confirmation Question Word Sentence

(Answer Type 1) (Answer Type 2) Sentence (Question Type 2)
(Question Type 1)
S – H.V – M.V S – H.V not – M.V H.V -- S –– M.V Q.W -- H.V -- S –– M.V

Priya – is – going Where –

When – Will – Father –

buy new T.V
Has – Sir – taught this How much –
chapter
Why – is – this phone –
not working
Ravi – will—come at the With whom –
party

India – can not – How –

remove corruption
Will – Priya – marry When –
Raj
Sir—will— teach chapter 3 Why –
tomorrow
Priya – was not -- Why --
absent yesterday
How – will – India win this
world cup
I – NA – smoke I – do not – smoke Do – You – smoke Why – do – you –
Cigarette cigarette cigarette smoke cigarette
I smoke cigarette
I – NA – run daily I – do not – run daily Do – You – run daily Why – do – you – run
 I run daily daily

I – NA – talk to Priya When --

daily
Why – do – you – go to
temple daily
I – will – work as a I – will not – work as a Will – you – work as a Why – will – you – work as
Teacher Teacher Teacher a Teacher
My father – NA – wakes up My father – does not Does –your father – When – does – your –
at 6 am – wake up at 6 am wake up at 6 am father wake up
Rahul – NA – studies 4 How much time --
hours everyday
I – NA – read Newspaper 1 How much time --
hour daily
My father – can – speak Which language –
English very easily
I – NA – have 1000 Rs right I – do not – have 1000 How much money --
now Rs right now
Are – People – dancing Where --

GRAMMAR CHAPTER

GRAMMAR CHAPTER 1
TYPES OF SENTENCES IN ANY TENSE OR SUB TENSE

FRIENDS इस ARTICLE से आज हम जानेंगे वक वकसी भी एक PARTICULAR TENSE / SUB TENSE में 4

TYPES के SENTENCES बोले या वलखे जाते हैं ।

1. POSITIVE SENTENCES :

िो SENTENCES वजनमे काया या ACTION को कताा (Doer/Subject) करता है

Examples : A) मैं सु बह 4 बजे उठता हूँ ।
I wake up at 4 am
B) विजय सर बच्चो को मैथ्स पढ़ाते हैं
Vijay Sir teaches Maths to children
C) मैं कल मावकाट गया था।
I went to the market yesterday

2. NEGATIVE SENTENCES :

िो SENTENCES वजनमे काया या ACTION को कताा (Doer/Subject) नही ों करता है

Examples : A) मैं सु बह 4 बजे नही ों उठता हूँ ।
I don't wake up at 4 am
B) विजय सर बच्चो को ENGLISH नही ों पढ़ाते हैं ।
Vijay sir doesn't teach English to children
C) मैं कर MOVIE दे खने नही ों गया था।
I didn't go to watch a movie yesterday
 3. CONFIRMATION SENTENCES (QUESTION TYPE 1) :

िो SENTENCES वजनमे काया के कताा के जररये होने या ना होने का पता वकया जाता है
और जिाब हमेशा हाूँ (YES) या नही ों (NO) में आता हो और ये SENTENCES हमेश HELPING VERB से शु रू होते हैं
Examples : A) क्या तु म सु बह 4 बजे उठते हो ?
Do you wake up at 4 am ?
B) क्या विजय सर बच्चो को MATHS पढ़ाते हैं ?
Does Vijay sir teach maths to children
C ) क्या कल तु म MARKET गए थे ?
Did you go to the market yesterday ?

4. QUESTION WORD SENTENCES (QUESTION TYPE 2) :

िो SENTENCES वजनमे काया के होने के बारे में QUESTION पूछा जाता है । ये SENTENCES हमेश QUESTION
WORDS जैसे WHAT, WHEN , WHY , HOW etc से शुरू होतें हैं .
Examples : A) तु म सु बह 5 बजे क्योों उठते हो ?
Why do you wake up at 5 am ?
B) विजय सर मैथ्स वकतने घोंटे पढ़ाते हैं ?
How many hours does Vijay sir teach maths ?
C) तु म कल मावकाट क्योों गए थे ?
Why did you go to the market yesterday?

USE OF QUESTION WORDS : A VERY IMPORTANT TOPIC

Use of Question Words
In
Questions & Answers

QUESTION How to use the word in a How to use the word in an

WORD Question. Answer.
Meaning of the Word

WHAT Information about specific What is your name ? This is what I wanted to tell
information (want to know What is the time right now you yesterday.
the thing or person ) ? This is what I want from you.
(क्ा ) What does sir want ?

WHY Information about Reason, Why do you like me ? I am ill , that is why I can’t
Why do you learn English come.
(क्ोीं) Purpose / Explanation
? This is why she likes me so
much.

WHERE Information about place / Where do you live ? A temple is that building
Where do you work ? where people worship.
(कहााँ ) Area or position
A graveyard is that ground
where dead people are
buried.

TILL WHERE Information about the end Till where do you run ? This is the point till where I
Till where does he go for a can run
(कहााँ तक) point of place/positon
walk ? This is the place till where
you can go alone.
FROM WHERE Information about the From where do you come This is the same shop from
here ? OR Where do you where I bought it.
(कहााँ से) reference point of
Office is the place from where
place/postion come from ?
father comes.

HOW Information about the
(कैसे) way/manner/what means,
condition/quality
How do you go to Institute
How does she look like ?
How are you ?
I will tell you how to solve
this question.
This is how children are
handled.

HOW MUCH Information about amount How much do you charge I can give you this car in this
for one lecture ? much price and not more
(जकतना) or price
How much is the price of than this.
this car ?
How much milk / money /
I can drink this much milk in
time ...
one time.

HOW MUCH Measuring a qualitative term How much is she honest ? This is how much I love
or uncountable thing How much do you love me
(जकतना) ?
you
This is how much we
still have to walk

HOW MANY Information about How many pens do you

have ? How many times
(जकतने) quantitative term or
have you done ?
countable thing
How many litres of milk /
rupees / hours .....

Information about the How often do you go to िायः

HOW OFTEN
frequency or no. of time any temple in a week? जकतनी बार
incident happens How often do you chat in a
Or Sometimes “HOW MANY day?
TIMES” How often do you miss
your school friends?
HOW FAR Information about the distance How far is the Bank from जकतनी दू र
here ?
or distance between two
How far can you run in one
places
time?

HOW LONG Information about the How long do you study ? जकतनी दे र
duration / span of time How long can you stand on
one leg ?

WHEN Information about Time or When do you read I read newspaper when I feel
newspaper ? When do you bore.
(कब) At what time,
feel angry ? I get angry when someone
situation,Occasion
shouts at me.
I feel lonely when I live away
from the family.
TILL WHEN / BY Information about time limit Till when do you study at कब तक
WHEN / with in time limit night ? By When will you
have given me money?

WHAT TIME Information about specific
time or particular time like at
7am, at 1pm , at 10 pm etc.
What time do you come जकतने बजे
home at night ?
What time does sir start the
class ?
What time do you sleep at
 night ?

SINCE WHEN Information about the Since when haven’t you कब से

starting point of time seen Priya ? Since when
have you been waiting ?

WHO Information about the
(कौन) identity of a Person
WHICH Information about the
(कौन सा ) identity of Non-person /
Designation
(कौन सी ) Information about Choice
Information about Festivals ,
functions , animals etc.
WHICH TYPE OF Information about the
(जकस तरह का ) category or type of an
Object
Who likes you ? Who is I am talking about that person
who met us yest.
teaching you now-a-days ?
She is the same girl who
danced at the party
CM is that person who is the
head of state govt.
Which Actor do you like A fork is a type of spoon which
has sharp divided edges and
? Which teacher teaches
which is used for eating
you english ?
Which animal is found only
noodles.
in Australia ? Which one
do you prefer? A marriage is a function in
which a male & a female marry
each other.
Which type of people do जकस तरह के
you like ?
Which type of Novels do
you read ?

WHOM Information about an Object
= human & not a subject
Whom (जकसका) do you Krishna is the one whom
want to support ? every family member loves
Whom (जकससे) do you love the most.
the most ?
Whom(जकसको) do you call I am talking about that person
everyday ? whom we gave money
yesterday.

WHOSE Of Whom , Belonging to Whose pen is this ? जकसका

whom Whose bag are you
searching ?

WITH WHOM With whom do you

(जकसके साथ ) play cricket?
With whom do you
live in Dehradun?
ABOUT WHOM About whom are you
(जकसके बारे में talking right now?
About whom does Sir
usually talk in the
class ?
FOR
WHOM
जकसके जलए For whom do you
study so much ?
 Short cut to Speak in all the Tenses
(जसर्ा एक Tense को जानकर कैसे बोले तीनो Tenses में )

Friends आज इस post के जररये आप जान जाओगे वक वकतनी Easily आप तीनो tenses (ACTIVE –VOICE ONLY) में
बोल सकते हो I आपको वसर्ा Present Tense में बोलना आना चावहए और वर्र Past और Future tense में बोलने के वलए
आपको Present Tense के sentence में वसर्ा एक word को change करना है .

Change होने िाला word Verb होगा या Helping Verb . नीचे वदए हुए chart में बताया गया है वक कौन सा VERB या
HELPING VERB change होना है .

PRESENT PAST FUTURE

V(1) V(2) Will + V(1)
कोई काम करता है जकसी ने कोई काम जकया था या कोई काम करे गा
कोई काम होता है करता था / कोई काम हुआ था कोई काम होगा
I MEET Mohit in the evening I MET Rajesh in the college I WILL MEET Vikas Sir in the
daily. yesterday. college tomorrow

Do/Does + V(1) Did + V(1) Will + V(1)

{Did is a 2nd Form of Do / Does)
I Don’t meet Priya daily
Does Sir teach you Grammar
daily ?
How long does your father watch
T.V daily?
I will not meet anyone tomorrow
I Didn’t meet Priya yesterday
Will Sir not teach you next
Did Sir teach you Modals Monday ?
yesterday ?
How long will you study tonight?
How long did your father watch
T.V last night ?

कोई काम कर रहा है कोई उस समय काम कर रहा था या कोई उस समय काम कर रहा होगा
या कोई कैसा है कोई कैसा था या कोई कैसा होगा
Am / Is Was WILL + Be
Are Were
I AM very happy today. I WAS very happy yesterday. I will BE very happy tomorrow.
ARE you busy right now? WERE you busy at this time Will you BE busy at this time next
I can’t talk right now because yesterday? Sunday?
I AM teaching. I couldn’t talk at that time yest. I will not talk at that tomorrow
because I WAS teaching. because I WILL BE teaching.
 जकसी के पास कुछ है जकसी के पास कुछ था जकसी के पास कुछ होगा /
जकसी ने काम कर जलया जकसी ने काम कर जलया था कोई काम कर ले गा
Has/Have Had Will Have
I HAVE no time right now. I HAD no time yesterday. I WILL HAVE no time in the
Ravi HAS lot of property Vinay HAD 5 cars earlier. evening tomorrow.
presently I WILL HAVE money tomorrow.
I HAD done my homework before I WILL HAVE done my
I HAVE done my homework. you came. homework before father comes.

BASIC DAY TO DAY WORDS & FORM OF VERBS

1. Wake up Woke up Woken up नीोंद से जागना

2. Eat Ate Eaten खाना कुछ भी
3. Get Got Got /Gotten पाना
4. Go Went Gone जाना
5. Come Came Come आना
6. Reach Reached Reached पहुचना
7. Run Ran Run भागना
8. Study Studied Studied पढ़ना
9. Read Read Read बोलते हुए पढ़ना
10. Write Wrote Written वलखना
11. Teach Taught Taught पढ़ाना
12. Take Took Taken लेना
13. Give Gave Given दे ना
14. See Saw Seen दे खना
15. Tell Told Told बताना
16. Say Said Said कहना
17. Speak Spoke Spoken बोलना
18. Ask Asked Asked पूछना
19. Wear Wore Worn पहनना
20. Drink Drank Drunk पीना
21. Meet Met Met वमलना वकसी से
22. Sleep Slept Slept सोना
23. Keep Kept Kept रखना
24. Make Made Made बनाना या तै यार करना
25. Have Had Had कुछ होना अपने पास
26. Send Sent Sent भे जना
27. Spend Spent Spent समय वबताना या खचा कररना
28. Think Thought Thought सोचना
29. Feel Felt Felt महसू स करना , लग्न
30. Leave Left Left छोड़ दे ना
 31. Buy Bought Bought खरीदना
32. Sell sold Sold
33. Learn Learnt Learnt
34. Walk Walked Walked
35. Roam Roamed Roamed घूमना

GRAMMAR CHAPTER 2

Present Simple or Present Habit Tense

Verb Form (V.F) : V(1) & V(1) + s/es
V(1) : Eat , Sleep , Teach , Fight
V(1) + s/es : Eats , Sleeps , Teaches , Fights

Helping Verb (H.V) : Do & Does

Rule 1
DO = used with I ,You & Plural
DOES = used with other than I, You & Plural
Rule 2
V.F : V(1st) used with I, You & Plural
V1st) + s/es form used with other than I , You & Plural
English Champ Golden Rule
EC Rule :
-s या -es दोनोीं में से एक 3rd Person के साथ Sentence में एक ही बार आएगा और या तो
Verb में आएगा या H.V में

Sentence Formulas :
Positive Sentence + : िो SENTENCES वजनमे काया या ACTION को कताा (Doer/Subject) करता
है Subject (S) + V(1) / V(1) s/es + Remaining Part (R.P )
Negative Sentence - : िो SENTENCES वजनमे काया या ACTION को कताा
(Doer/Subject) नही ों करता है
S + don't / doesn't + V(1) + R.P

Confirmation Sentence C : िो SENTENCES वजनमे काया के कताा के जररये होने या ना होने का

पता वकया जाता है और जिाब हाूँ (YES ) या नही ों (NO ) में आता है ।
Do / Does + S + (not) + V(1) + R.P
Question Sentence Q : िो SENTENCES वजनमे काया के होने के बारे में QUESTION पूछा जाता
है ।
Q.W + do/does + S + (not) + V(1) + R.P
Q.W : Question Word

इस TENSE में मुख्यता वो SENTENCE बोले या जलखे जाते है जजनमें ACTION ( Verbs : काया ) की
जनम्नजलल्कखत जवर्ेषताए होती है ।
1. एक्शन (काया) अपने को दोहराता है या कहे जक है जबट में होता है या नही ीं होता
है :
Signal Words : usually = normally = generally = often (ज्यादातर)
rarely = hardly = seldom (बहुत कम, मुल्किल से ) always (हमेर्ा) , never (कभी नही ीं )
every day , every year , in the evening , twice a month etc....
जैसे :-
+ ) मेरे पापा ज्यादातर सु बह ५ बजे उठते है My father usually wakes up at 5 am
+ ) मैं श्याम को हमेशा ६ बजे ऑवर्स से आता हूँ I always come from office at 6 pm

+ ) मुझे रोज 3rd LECTURE में बहुत नी ींद आती है I feel sleepy in 3rd Lecture every day
-) मैं खाने के बाद cigarette नही ों पीता हूँ I don't smoke cigarette after dinner
-) मेरी मम्मी ठन्डे पानी से नही ों नहाती है । My mother doesn't bath with cold water
C) क्या तु म रात को 10 बजे सोते हो ? Do you sleep at 10 pm ?
C) क्या सर 500 रुपए र्ीस ले ते हैं ? Does Sir take 500 Rs fee ?
Q) तु म रोज सु बह 5 बजे क्योों उठते हो ? Why do you wake up at 5 am daily ?
Q) रवि क्लास में टाइम से क्योों नही ों आता है Why does Ravi not come on time in the class ?
2. एक्शन (काया ) ROUTINE में होता है

जैसे :- +) इले क्शन हर पाीं च साल बाद होते हैं Elections take place after every five year
+ ) स्वतींत्रा जदवस पर प्रधानमोंत्री दे श को सम्बोजधत करता है
Prime Minister addresses the country on Independence Day
+) वदिाली पर लोग पटाखे र्ोड़ते हैं ।
People burst crackers at Diwali

3. एक्शन (काया ) यूजनवसाल र्ैक्ट या जेनेरलाइस्ड र्ैक्ट हो

जैसे : - +) सू रज पूरब से उगता है । The Sun rises in the East

+ ) धरती सू रज के चारो और चक्कर काटती है
The Earth revolves around the Sun
+) सवदा योों में लोग गरम कपडे पहनते है
People wear warm clothes in winters

4. एक्शन (काया ) से व्यव्हार या पसींद नापसींद जदखती हो

जैसे :- + ) रवि सर बच्चो से बड़ी तमीज से बात करते हैं

Ravi sir talks to students very politely
+ ) मेरे दादाजी बहुत जल्दी गु स्सा हो जाते हैं
My grandfather gets angry very quickly
-) मुझे चौवमन पसों द नही ों है
I don't like chow min
-) मुझे अोंग्रेजी में बात करना अच्छा नही ों लगता है
I don't like to talk in English
C) क्या रवि तु मसे रूखे पन से बात करता है ?
Does Ravi talk to you roughly/ rudely
Q) लोग तु मसे ही क्योों पै से माों गते है ?
Why do people borrow money from you only ?
 PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Helping Verb : H.V : Is , Am , Are

AM : used with "I"
IS : used with 3rd Person (He, she , it etc )
ARE : used with You & Plural

Verb Form (V.F) : Verb (ing) : Sitting , fighting, Drinking, playing etc.

Sentence Formulas :

Positive Sentence + : िो SENTENCES वजनमे काया या ACTION को कताा (Doer/Subject) कर रहा हो

Subject (S) + is/am/are + V(ing) + Remaining Part (R.P )
Negative Sentence - : िो SENTENCES वजनमे काया या ACTION को कताा (Doer/Subject) नही ों कर रहा
हो
S + is/am/are+ not + V(ing) + R.P
Confirmation Sentence C : िो SENTENCES वजनमे काया के कताा के जररये होने या ना होने का पता वकया
जा रहा है और जिाब हाूँ (YES ) या नही ों (NO ) में आता है ।
Is/am/are + S + (not) + V(ing) + R.P
Question Sentence Q : िो SENTENCES वजनमे काया के होने के बारे में QUESTION पूछा जा रहा हो
Q.W + is/am/are + S + (not) + V(ing) + R.P
Q.W : Question Word
इस TENSE में मु ख्यता वो SENTENCE बोले या जलखे जाते है जजनमें ACTION ( Verbs : काया ) की जनम्नजलल्कखत
जवर्ेषताए होती है ।

1. काया सामने चल रहा हो (Action Visible)

Signal Words : Right now , At the moment , Presently , today,
Currently , In this match ...etc
जैसे : - + ) मैं अभी Newpaper पढ़ रहा हूँ , मुझे Disturb मत करो
I am reading newspaper right now , Don't disturb me
+) विराट कोहली अभी 92 रन पर खे ल रहा है
Virat Kohli is playing at 92 runs at the moment
- ) मैं इस case में झूट नही ों बोल रहा हूँ ।
I am not telling a lie in this case .
Q) सर इस बच्चे को आज इतना क्योों डाूँ ट रहे हैं ?
Why is Sir scolding this boy this much today ?
C) क्या मैं इस डरेस में अच्छा वदख रहा हूँ ?
Am I looking smart in this dress ?

2. काया चल तो रहा हो , पर सामने घजटत नही ीं हो रहा हो (Action not visible, but taking place)
Signal Words : These days, Now-a-days, day by day , year by year etc.......

जैसे : - + ) प्रधानमोंत्री मोदी आजकल जापान का दौरा कर रहे हैं ।

PM Modi is visiting Japan these days.
C) क्या इन वदनोों सभी बच्चो के बोडा के एक्साम्स चल रहे हैं ?
Are Board Exams of all the students going on now a days ?
Q) वदन प्रवतवदन प्रदु षण क्योों बढ़ता जा रहा है ?
Why is Pollution increasing day by day ?
+) धरती का तापमान हर साल बढ़ता जा रहा है ।
Temperature of Earth is increasing year by year.

3. काया होने जा रहा है भजवष्य में (Action going to take place in future)

जैसे :- - ) मैं श्याम को मीवटों ग में वहस्सा नही ों ले रहा हूँ ।

I am not going to participate in the meeting in the evening.
C) क्या भारत कल पावकस्तान से फ़ाइनल खे ल रहा है ?
Is India going to play against Pakistan in the final tomorrow ?
Q) राजू अगले महीने कम्पटीशन में भाग क्योों नही ों ले रहा है ?
Why is Raju not going to participate in the competition next month ?

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE PART 1

(Positive & Negative Sentences only)
Use of Has / Have + V(3)
Have : Used with "I" , "You" & Plural\
(जब भी सेंटेंस I , YOU और PLURAL कताा से र्ुरू होता है , तो हम HAVE का use करते
हैं )

Has : Used with all Doers or subjects other than I , You & Plural
( I , YOU और PLURAL कताा को छोड़ बाकी सभी के साथ HAS का use होता है )

Verb Form : 3rd Form of Verb like eaten , spoken , bought , fought , worn etc

(FORMS of VERBS को जानने के जलए Click करे FORMS OF VERBS )

Sentence Formulas :

Positive Sentence + : Subject (S) + has / have + V(3) + Remaining Part (R.P )
Negative Sentence - :
S + has not / have not + V(3) + R.P

इस TENSE में मुख्यता वो SENTENCE बोले या जलखे जाते है जजनमें ACTION ( Verbs : काया
) की जनम्नजलल्कखत जवर्ेषताए होती है ।

1. काया अभी अभी (just) समाप्त हुआ वतामान समय में

जैसे : सर अभी आये क्लास में Sir has just come in the class
नया बै च अभी र्ुरू हुआ है New Batch has just started
मैंने यह कार अभी खरीदी I have just bought this new car
मैच ख़त्म हो गया है , चलो घर चले The match has ended , lets go home

2. काया पहले से (already) ही ख़त्म हो गया हो / हो चुका हो

जैसे : मैंने पहले ही र्ीस जमा करा दी है I have already deposited the fee
सर यह चैप्टर पहले ही पढ़ा चुके है Sir has already taught this chapter
मैं यह जर्ल्म पहले ही दो बार दे ख चुका हाँ I have already seen this movie two
times

3. कोई भी काया आज तक (till today) / अभी तक (till now) /आज से पहले (before today)/
इस से पहले (before this) जकतनी बार हुआ है या SENTENCE में यह बताया जाय जक काया
आज तक नही ीं हुआ।

जैसे : मैं जदल्ली आज तक जसर्ा 3 बार गया हाँ I have gone to Delhi 3 times till
now
मेरे भाई का आज तक मुझसे २ बार झगड़ा हआ है
I have fought with my bro 2 times till now
 रजव सर ने मुझे आज तक कई बार डाींटा है
Ravi sir has scolded me many times till now
मैंने आज से पहले दो बार ही कार चलायी है I have driven car 2 times before
today
सर ने इससे पहले जसर्ा एक बार ही टे स्ट जलया है
Sir has taken test 1 time before this

मुझे अभी तक सच्चा प्यार नही ीं हुआ I have never fallen in true love till now
मैंने आज तक अपने सामने सााँप नही ीं दे खा I have never seen a snake till now
मेरे पापा ने मुझ पर आज तक हाथ नही ीं उठाया
My father has never slapped me till now
मैंने आज से पहले इतनी सुन्दर लड़की नही ीं दे खी
I have never seen such a beautiful girl before this
पापा ने इस से पहले मुझे कभी नही ीं डाींटा। Papa has never scolded me before
this.

4. कोई काया कब से नही ीं जकया ( since / for )

FOR : used for duration or period and not for specific point of time
FOR का USE समय की अवजध या अीं तराल बताने के जलए होता है न जक जनजित समय
बताने के जलए।
Example : for Days, for Months , for 4 years , for 3 nights etc

SINCE : used for specific point of time & not for duration / period
Since का use जनजित समय बताने के जलए होता है
Example : since monday , since January , since 2012 ,

जैसे : - मैं तीन जदनोीं से नही ीं नहाया हाँ I have not bathed for 3 days
िीती ने मुझे 4 जदनोीं से फ़ोन नही ीं जकया Preeti has not phoned me for 4 days

रजव ने जनवरी से ट्यू र्न र्ीस नही ीं जमा की

Ravi has not deposited tuition fee since january
पाजकस्तान 1992 से वर्ल्ा कप नही ीं जीती है
Pakistan has not won World cup since 1992
मैंने रीना को सुबह से नही ीं दे खा।
I have not seen Reena since morning

FORM OF VERBS पर पाये पूरा CONTROL :

जसर्ा एक TIP में
FRIENDS जब भी FORMS OF VERBS की बात होती है ENGLISH SPEAKING में ,,,

जैसे I GO TO THE MARKET YESTERDAY नही ों बक्ति I WENT TO THE MARKET YESTERDAY होना
चावहए था..............तब ये गलती बहुत IRRITATING लगती है ।

और जब हमे कोई कहता है वक I HAVE JUST GAVE THE KEYS TO RAJU नही ों बक्ति I HAVE
JUST GIVEN THE KEYS TO RAJU होना चावहए ,,,,तो वर्र FORMS OF VERBS परे शान करने लगता है ।

जब भी हम में से ज्यादातर लोग VERB FORMS की बात करते हैं , तो हमारे सामने एक लम्बी LIST आ जाती है , वजसे हमे
स्कूल के वदनोों में रटना पड़ा था ,,,,,और आज भी हमे लगता है वक हमें FORMS OF VERBS को रटना पड़े गा।

परन्तु REALITY में ऐसा जबलकुल नही ीं है ,,,,VERB FORMS को जदमाग में रखना बड़ा
आसान है ।

70% Forms of Verbs तो Verbs के end में -ed लगाके ही बन जाते है

CALL ---- CALLED (2nd Form) ---- CALLED (3rd Form)

SHOUT ----- SHOUTED (2nd Form ) ----- SHOUTED (3rd Form )
FEAR ------ FEARED (2nd form ) ------ FEARED (3rd Form ) etc ........

बचे 30% V\erbs में से जसर्ा 10 % ही सामान्य ENGLISH SPEAKING में USE होते हैं । और इन 10% को रटा
नही ीं जाता ,,,,बल्कि समझा जाता है ,,,,,,आइये जाने कैसे :::::

हमे जसर्ा और जसर्ा एक जनजित पैटना को समझना पड़ता है ,,,,,,

SIMILAR PATTERN 1 : ये वो र्ब्द (verbs ) हैं जजनकी 2nd & 3rd form CHANGE नही ीं होती
है ।

CUT , FIT , HIT , LET , PUT , SET , SHUT , SPLIT, UPSET , BURST , THRUST , KNIT , SPREAD ,
CONTACT , HURT & COST etc..........

CUT CUT (2nd form ) CUT (3rd Form )

FIT FIT (2nd Form ) FIT ( 3rd Form )
HIT HIT (2nd Form ) HIT( 3rd Form )

SIMILAR PATTERN 2 :
BEGIN ---------- BEGAN (2nd form) ---------- BEGUN (3rd form)

I ------------ A ------------- U ये है पैटना 2nd form में I की जगह A जलखना है और Uजलखना है 3rd form के
जलए ,,,,यही पैटना आपको बाकी इन र्ब्दोीं में भी USE करना है ।

OTHER VERBS having same Pattern : SWIM , RING , SING , DRINK , SHRINK , STINK
Swim Swam Swum
Ring Rang Rung
Sing Sang Sung
Drink Drank Drunk
Shrink Shrank Shrunk (जसकुड़ना)
Stink Stank Stunk (बदबू आना)

SIMILAR PATTERN 3 :

SLEEP -------- SLEPT -------- SLEPT

पैटना :: -eep बन जायेगा -ept 2nd & 3rd form के जलए

OTHER VERBS having same Pattern : KEEP , SWEEP , WEEP , CREEP .....

Keep Kept Kept

Sweep Swept Swept
Weep Wept Wept
Creep Crept Crept

SIMILAR PATTERN 4 :

CHOOSE CHOSE (ओ ) CHOSEN (ओ - अन )

SPEAK SPOKE (ओ ) SPOKEN (ओ - अन )
BREAK BROKE BROKEN
FREEZE FROZE FROZEN
STEAL STOLE STOLEN (चोरी करना)
SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN
WAKE WOKE WOKEN
AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN (नी ींद से जगाना)
WEAVE WOVE WOVEN (बु नना)
SIMILAR PATTERN 5 :

TEAR TORE (ओर ) TORN (ओना ) (र्ाड़ना)

BEAR BORE BORN (सहन करना)
WEAR WORE WORN (पहनना)
SWEAR SWORE SWORN(कसम खाना)
FORBEAR FORBORE FORBORNE(अपने को दू र रखना वकसी से )

* SIMILAR PATTERN 4 (S.P 4)

पैटना :: Words end with – ought or-ught (ओट )

v2 = verb 2nd form v3 = verb 3rd form
Think – thought (v2 = v3) Bring – brought (v2= v3) Buy – bought (v2= v3)
Fight – fought (v2= v3) Catch – caught (v2= v3)
Teach – taught (v2 =v3) Seek – sought (v2=v3) (माूँ गना, ढू ूँ ढना)

SIMILAR PATTERN 7 ( SP 7) ==
पैटना :: --end becomes – ent
Bend – bent , lend – Lent , Send – Sent Spend – spent

SIMILAR PATTEN 9

V(1) (V2) (V3) V(1) (V2) (V3)

-O- -ee- an - -O- - ee-an -
Arise Arose Arisen Drive Drove Driven
Ride Rode Ridden Rise Rose Risen
Write Wrote Written

SIMILAR PATTERN 10 (S.P 10)

V(1) (V2 ew) (V3 own) V(1) (V2 ew) (V3own)

Grow Grew Grown, Fly Flew Flown,
Blow Blew Blown, Know Knew Known
Draw Drew Drawn Withdraw Withdrew Withdrawn

SIMILAR PATTERN 11 ( SP 11)

Deal Dealt (V 2 & V3) Dream Dreamt (V 2 & V3)
Feel Felt Mean Meant
Kneel Knelt Spill spilt
Build Built Burn Burnt
Dwell Dwelt Leave Left
ऊपर जदए हुए SIMILAR PATTERNS कुछ उदहारण है जजससे ये बात CLEAR हो जाती है ,,,जक FORMS OF
VERBS को रटा नही ीं जाता बल्कि समझा (OBSERVE ) जाता है । दू सरी सबसे महत्वपू णा बात यह है जक आपको
GRAMMAR या FORMS OF VERBS या कुछ भी ENGLISH LEARNING से सम्बींजधत TOPIC जकस तरह से
पढ़ाया जा रहा है ,,,,,,,,,,रटवाके या समझाके

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE PART 2

(CONFIRMATION & QUESTION SENTENCES )
Use of Has / Have + V(3)

Have : Used with "I" , "You" & Plural\

(जब भी सेंटेंस I , YOU और PLURAL कताा से र्ुरू होता है , तो हम HAVE का use
करते हैं )

Has : Used with all Doers or subjects other than I , You & Plural
( I , YOU और PLURAL कताा को छोड़ बाकी सभी के साथ HAS का use होता है )

Verb Form : 3rd Form of Verb like eaten , spoken , bought , fought , worn etc

(FORMS of VERBS को जानने के जलए Click करे FORMS OF VERBS )

Sentence Formulas :

Confirmation Sentence C : िो SENTENCES वजनमे काया के कताा के

जररये होने या ना होने का पता वकया जा रहा है और जिाब हाूँ (YES ) या नहीों (NO ) में
आता है ।

सभी Confirmation Sentence Helping Verbs से र्ुरू होते हैं और इस TENSE में
Helping Verb
HAS और HAVE हैं

HAS / HAVE + Subject / Doer + (not) + V(3) + R.P

Question Sentence Q : िो SENTENCES वजनमे काया के होने के बारे में

QUESTION
पूछा जा रहा हो।
 Q.W + HAS/ HAVE + Subject /Doer + (not) + V(3) + R.P

CONFIRMATION SENTENCES :

Just / Till Now / Before this Sentences on Ever

क्या तुमने अभी खाना खाया ? क्या तुम आज तक कभी वदल्ली गए ?

Have You just eaten food ?
क्या तुमने काम पहले ही कर वलया ?
Have you done your work before ?
क्या तुम्हारी शादी हो गयी है ?
Have you got married ?
क्या सर ने CHAPTER 4 अभी तक
नहीों पढ़ाया ?
Has Sir not taught chapter 4 till now?
क्या राजेश ने अभी तक र्ीस नहीों दी ?
Has Rajesh not given fee till now?
क्या राजू ने तुम्हे इस से पहले भी गाली दी ?
Has Raju abused you before this ?
Have you ever gone to Delhi
क्या तुमने कभी ताजमहल दे खा ?
Have you ever seen Tajmahal ?
क्या सर ने तुम्हारी कभी क्लास में तारीफ़ की ?
Has Sir ever praised you in the Class?
क्या वकसी लड़की ने तुम्हे कभी propose वकया ?
Has any girl ever proposed to you ?
क्या तुमने कभी interview वदया ?
Have you ever given an interview

Sentences on Since / For

FOR : used for duration or period and not for specific point of time
FOR का USE समय की अवजध या अीं तराल बताने के जलए होता है न जक जनजित समय
बताने के जलए।
Example : for Days, for Months , for 4 years , for 3 nights etc

SINCE : used for specific point of time & not for duration / period
Since का use जनजित समय बताने के जलए होता है
Example : since monday , since January , since 2012 ,
क्या तुमने रीना को दो वदनोों से नहीों दे खा ? क्या तुमने monday से नाश्ता नहीों वकया ?
Have you not seen Reena for two days? Haven't you eaten breakfast since monday?

क्या तुम्हारे पापा ने तुमसे 5 वदनोों से बात नहीों की ? क्या तु म रवि से दो वदन से नहीों वमले ?
Hasn't your father talked to you for 5 days? Haven't you met Ravi for last two days?
 QUESTION SENTENCES

तु मने अभी तक खाना क्योों नहीों खाया ? तुमने अभी तक home work क्योों नहीों वकया ?
Why haven't you eaten food till now ? Why haven't you done home work till now ?

तु म आज तक वकतनी बार लखनि गए हो ? तुमने वकतना Home Work कर वलया है

?
How many times have you gone to Lucknow? How much have done your home work ?

तु मने आज तक ये movie वकतनी बार दे खी है ? वकतनी बार तुमने आज तक SPEECH

publicly दी है ?
How many times have you watched this How many times have you given speech
publicly?
movie till now?

वकतनी बार India ने World Cup जीता है ? सर ने तुम्हे वकतनी बार PUNISHMENT दी ?
How many times has India won World How many times has Sir given you punishment
?
Cup of Cricket?

कोई काम कब से नही ीं जकया (Since / For )

कब से तु म रवि से नहीों वमले ? कब से तुमने कोल्ड वडरोंक नहीों पी ?

Since when haven't you met Ravi? Since when haven't you drunk cold drink?

वकतने वदनोों से तुम विकास के घर नही गए ? वकतने सालो से तु मने Birthday नहीों मनाया
?
For how many days haven't you For how many years haven't you celebrated
Birthday?
gone to Vikas home ?

वकतने समय से तुमने cigarette नहीों पी ? वकतने महीनो से तुमने ररया को नहीों दे खा ?
How long haven't you smoked Cigarette? For how many months haven't you seen Riya?
 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Verb Form : V.F : V(ing ) Talking, Reading , Playing , Working etc

Helping Verb : H.V : Has Been / Have Been

Have Been : Used with "I" , "You" & Plural\

(जब भी सेंटेंस I , YOU और PLURAL कताा से र्ुरू होता है , तो हम HAVE BEEN का
use करते हैं )

Has Been: Used with all Doers or subjects other than I , You & Plural
( I , YOU और PLURAL कताा को छोड़ बाकी सभी के साथ HAS BEEN का use होता है )

Sentence Formulas :

Positive Sentence + : Subject (S) + has been / have been + V(ing) + Remaining Part
(R.P )
Negative Sentence - : S + has not been / have not been + V(ing) + R.P
Confirmation Sentence C : Has / Have + S + (not) been + V(ing) + R.P
Question Sentence Q : Q.W + has / have + S + (not) been + V(ing) + R.P
Q.W : Question Word

इस TENSE में मुख्यता वो SENTENCE बोले या जलखे जाते है जजनमें ACTION ( Verbs :
काया ) की जनम्नजलल्कखत जवर्ेषताए होती है।

काया भूतकाल (past ) में र्ुरू हुआ हो और sentence बोले जाने तक हो रहा
हो।

FOR और SINCE का USE हम DURATION (अींतराल ) और जनजित

समय
बताने के जलए करते हैं ,
जब भी हम ये बताते हैं की कोई काया कब से हो रहा है , तब हम
FOR और SINCE का
USE करते हैं ।

FOR : used for duration or period and not for specific point of time
FOR का USE समय की अिवध या अोंतराल बताने के वलए होता है न
वक वनवित समय बताने के वलए।
Example : for Days, for Months , for 4 years , for 3 nights etc

SINCE : used for specific point of time & not for duration / period
Since का use वनवित समय बताने के वलए होता है

Example : since monday , since January , since 2012 ,

since last night, since childhood, since class 7th etc.

Ex : + ) कोहली 3 घोंटे से batting कर रहा है ।

Kohli has been batting for 3 hours

+) मैं 9 बजे से पढ़ाई कर रहा हूँ।

I have been studying since 9 am.

+) मेरे पापा 1984 से post office में काम कर रहे हैं।

My father has been working in Post Office since 1984

C) क्या तुम 2 घोंटो से ये movie दे ख रहे हो ?

Have you been watching this movie for last 2 hours ?

C) क्या तुम्हारे गाूँ ि में तीन वदनोों से बाररश हो रही है ?

Has it been raining in your village for 3 days ?

Q) तुम वकतने महीनो से English Champ में English सीख रहे हो ?

For how many moths have you been learning English
in English Champ?

Q) तुम्हारे पापा कब से car driving सीख रहे हैं ?

Since When has your father been learning Car driving ?

Q) तुम ररया का वकतनी दे र से इों तज़ार कर रहे हो ?

How long have you been waiting for Riya ?
 An Introduction
to
PAST TENSE
PAST TENSE सबसे महत्वपूणा TENSE है , क्यूोंवक जब भी हम बीते हुए समय में हुए काम का िणान
करते है
तो हमे PAST TENSE की जरुरत पड़ती है

और जब हम PAST TENSE के बारे में सोचते हैं , तो हमारे वदमाग में PAST TENSE के
H.V + V.F के different Combinations आते हैं ,

जैसे Was/ Were + V(ing)

V(2) or Did + V(1)
Had + V(3)
Had been + V(ing)

अब जब भी कोई English Learner PAST TENSE में बोलता है , तो उसके पास इतना समय नहीों
होता की िो DECIDE करे वक कौन सा COMBINATION USE करे , इसवलए िो कभी कोई
COMBINATION Use करता है तो कभी कोई दू सरा COMBINATION और ज्यादातर CONFUSE ही
रहता है ,

इसवलए सबसे पहले हमें ये पता होना चावहए वक PAST TENSE में बोलते हुए सबसे ज्यादा कौन सा
COMBINATION USE होता है ।

क्यूोंवक हम लोग ENGLISH को FORMAL USE के वलए सीखते है और FORMAL ENVIRONMENT

में ज्यादातर 99 % SENTENCES V(2) (Verb 2nd Form) में ही बनते या बोले जाते हैं ।
इसवलए PAST TENSE में सबसे ज्यादा V(2) (Verb 2nd Form) या DID + V(1) USE होता है ।

जैसे :
When did you pass your 12th Class ?
How did you come to know about this company ?
Where did you work before joining this company ?
 I won many prizes in School time.
I passed 10th with 75% in 2009.
I got my first job in 2013.
इसवलए हमें PAST TENSE में और COMBINATIONS जै से Was/ Were + V(ing) , Had +
V(3), Had been + V(ing) को ज्यादा ध्यान न दे ते हुए सबसे पहले V(2) की और ही ध्यान दे ना
चावहए।

अगर हमे V(2) पर अच्छी COMMAND हो जाये , तो हम PAST TENSE में 80%-90% तक आसानी
से बोल सकते है।

अगले CHAPTER में हम V(2) (Verb 2nd Form) के use के बारे में जानें गे।

PAST TENSE : PAST SIMPLE TENSE / Use of V(2)

(ACTION TOOK PLACE or ACTION HAPPENED)
E-CHAMP GRAMMAR CHAPTER – 9

V(2) (2nd form of Verb)

PAST SIMPLE TENSE में का USE होता है और

Helping Verb : DID होता है।

इस TENSE में इस तरह के SENTENCES बनते हैं ।

कोई काम हुआ था न जक कोई काम हो रहा था न जक कोई काम हो गया था

में कल वदल्ली गया था। मैं कल इस समय वदल्ली जा रहा था।
I went to Delhi yest I was going to Delhi at this time
yest.
(सही) (गलत)
/ हो चूका था
मैं ते रे आने से पहले वदल्ली चला गया था।
I had gone to Delhi before you came
(गलत)

कल सर क्लास में 4 बजे आये थे । जब मैं आया , तब सर क्लास में आ सर मेरे आने से पहले क्लास में आ गए थे।
Sir came at 4pm in the class रहे थे। Sir was coming in the Sir had come in the class before I
yesterday class, when I came came
(सही ) (गलत ) (गलत )
 .
.
ENGLISH CHAMP RULE ( EC Rule ) :

Past Simple Tense के जकसी भी Sentence में V(2) एक ही बार आती है

और इसी RULE के कारण जब DID (2nd form of DO ) का ियोग होता है तो Main Verb की V(2) का
ियोग नही ीं होता है ।
Sentence Formulas :

Positive Sentence + : िो SENTENCES वजनमे काया या ACTION को कताा (Doer/Subject) ने वकया था।
Subject (S) + V(2) + Remaining Part (R.P )
Negative Sentence - : िो SENTENCES वजनमे काया या ACTION को कताा (Doer/Subject) नही ों वकया था।
S + did not + V(1) + R.P

Confirmation Sentence C : िो SENTENCES वजनमे कोई काम हुआ था या नही ों हुआ था ये पक्का वकया
जाये और जिाब हाूँ (YES ) या नही ों (NO ) में आये ।
Did + S + (not) + V(1) + R.P
Question Sentence Q : िो SENTENCES वजनमे भू तकाल में हुए काम के होने के बारे में QUESTION पूछा
जाता है । Q.W + did + S + (not) + V(1) + R.P
Q.W : Question Word

EXAMPLES ::

Signal Words : Yesterday, Last month , Last year , Two years ago etc.

+ ) मैं वपछले Sunday वदल्ली गया था।

I went to Delhi last Sunday . Went : V(2) of Go
+ ) रवि सर कल हमारे घर आये थे।
Ravi Sir came our home yesterday . Came : V(2) of Come
+ ) मैं ने कल जूस वपया था।
I drank juice yesterday. Drank : V(2) of Drink
-- ) रवि कल वदल्ली नही ों गया था।
Ravi did not go to Delhi yesterday. Did : V(2) of Do
-- ) अजय ने उस वदन शराब नही ों पी थी।
Ajay did not drink Alcohol that day. Did : V(2) of Do
C ) क्या तु म कल वदल्ली गए थे ?
Did you go to Delhi yesterday. Did : V(2) of Do
C ) क्या तु मने शादी में चौवमन खायी थी।
Did you eat Chowmin in the marriage? Did : V(2) of Do
Q ) तु म कल वदल्ली क्योों गए थे ?
 Why did you go to Delhi yesterday Did : V(2) of Do
Q ) रवि सर तु म्हारे घर कब आये थे ?
When did Ravi Sir come your home? Did : V(2) of Do

PAST CONTINUOUS : ACTION IN MOTION AT A PARTICULAR POINT OF

TIME IN PAST
PAST CONTINUOUS
Action In Motion / Person was in the Middle of an Action
काम हो रहा था / कताा काया के मध्य में था

Helping Verb : H.V : Was , Were

Was : used with "I" & 3rd Person
WERE : used with "YOU" & PLURAL

Verb Form (V.F) : Verb (ing) : Sitting , fighting, Drinking, playing etc.

Sentence Formulas :

Positive Sentence + : िो SENTENCES वजनमे काया या ACTION को

कताा (Doer/Subject) कर रहा था।
Subject (S) + was/were + V(ing) + Remaining Part (R.P )
Negative Sentence - : िो SENTENCES वजनमे काया या ACTION को
कताा (Doer/Subject) नहीों कर रहा था।
S + was/were + not + V(ing) + R.P
Confirmation Sentence C : िो SENTENCES वजनमे कताा काम कर रहा था या नहीों यह
पता वकया जाये और जिाब हाूँ (YES ) या नहीों (NO ) में आये।
Was/ Were + S + (not) + V(ing) + R.P
Question Sentence Q : िो SENTENCES वजनमे काया के होने के बारे में QUESTION
पूछा जा रहा हो
Q.W + was/were + S + (not) + V(ing) + R.P
Q.W : Question Word

इस TENSE में मुख्यता वो SENTENCE बोले या जलखे जाते है।

1. कताा PAST में जकसी जनजित समय जबींदु (Particular point of time ) पर काया को
करने में BUSY था , अथाात उस समय जबींदु पर काया कर रहा था।

मैं कल रात 11 बजे सो रहा था।

I was sleeping at 11 pm yesterday.

मैं कल 7 बजे बच्चो को पढ़ा रहा था।

I was teaching students at 7 pm yesterday.

मे रा भाई इस समय जपछले रजववार MOVIE दे ख रहा था।

My brother was watching movie at this time last Sunday.

सर इस समय कल PRESENT TENSE पढ़ा रहे थे।

Sir was teaching Present tense at this time yesterday.

2. जब PAST में एक काम हुआ था , तो उस समय (Particular point of time ) दू सरा काम
हो रहा था।

जब तु मने मुझे कल PHONE जकया , तो उस समय मैं नहा रहा था।

When you called me yesterday, at that time I was bathing .

जब सर क्लास में आये , तब उस समय बच्चे हल्ला कर रहे थे।

When Sir came in the class , at that time children were shouting.

मैं ने जब कल रीना को दे खा , तो वो चौजमन खा रही थी।

When I saw Reena yesterday, at that time she was eating Chow-min.

जब ACCIDENT हुआ , तब Driver गाड़ी बहुत तेज़ चला रहा था।

When Accident took place , at that time the Driver was driving very fast.

3. जब PAST में दोनोीं काम एक साथ हो रहे थे (at a particular point of time)

जब कल सर पढ़ा रहे थे, तो उस समय बच्चे पीछे पत्ते खेल रहे थे।
When Sir was teaching yesterday , at that time some children were playing cards at
the back.

जब कल तुम मुझे Messages भेज रहे थे , तब मैं सो रहा था।

When you were sending me messages yesterday, at that time I was sleeping.

िधानमीं त्री जब कल भाषण दे रहे थे , तब कुछ लोग काले झींडे जदखा रहे थे।
When PM was giving speech yesterday, at that time some people were showing black
flags.
 PAST PERFECT
Use of HAD + V(3)
Helping Verb ( H.V) : HAD
Verb Form (V.F) : V(3)

Sentence Formulas :

Positive Sentence + : Subject (S) + had+ V(3) + Remaining Part (R.P )

Negative Sentence - : S + had + not + V(3) + R.P
Confirmation Sentence C : Had + S + (not) + V(3) + R. P
QUESTION SENTENCES Q Q.W + had + S + (not) + V(3) +
R.P

HAD + V(3) नीचे दी गयी हुई SITUATIONS में USE होता है ।

SITUATION 1
जब भी PAST में दो ACTIONS हो ।
एक ACTION दू सरे ACTION के बाद हो ।
दोनोीं ACTIONS आपस में RELATED (सम्बींजधत ) हो।
जो ACTION पहले होता हो दोनोीं ACTIONS में , उसमे हम HAD + V(3) का ियोग
करें गे और जो ACTION बाद में होता है , उसमे V(2) USE होगा।

Example : जो र्ब्द UNDERLINE हैं वो पहले होने वाला ACTION है

जो र्ब्द ITALICS में हैं वो दू सरा होने वाला ACTION है

मेरे पापा मेरे माकेट जाने से पहले घर आ गए थे।

My father had come home before I went to the market

मैं पापा के आने से पहले MARKET चले गया था।

I had gone to the market before my father came home

क्ा उसने पापा के दे खने से पहले CIGARETTE र्ेंक दी थी ? (Confirmation)

Had He thrown away the cigarette before his father saw him ?

क्ा उसके पापा ने उसे CIGARETTE र्ेंकने से पहले दे ख जलया था ? (Confirmation)

Had His father seen him before he threw away the cigarette ?

तूने उसे उसके माजकाट जाने से पहले KEYS क्ोीं नही ीं दे दी थी ? (Question)
Why had you not given the key to him before he went to the market ?

मेरे उसे KEYS दे ने से पहले वो MARKET चला गया था।

He had gone to the market before I gave him the keys

Doctor के पहुचने से जकतनी दे र पहले मरीज़ मर चूका था ? (Question)

How long had the patient died before doctor reached ? (Question)

SITUATION 2
जब PAST में कोई जकए हुए ACTION(cause)
का पररणाम दू सरा ACTION(Result) आये

CAUSE वाले ACTION में HAD + V(3) का USE होगा , क्ूींजक वो पहले हुआ है
RESULT वाले ACTION में V(2) का USE होगा

मैंने जपछले महीने कार्ी वजन घटाया , क्ूींजक मैंने कार्ी EXERCISE की।
I lost so much weight , because I had done so much exercise.

वो पूरी रात जगा रहा क्ूींजक उसे कार्ी HOMEWORK जमला था।
He awoke all night because he had received a lot of homework.

ररया ने उम्मीद नही ीं खोयी और अींत में उसे उसका बच्चा जमल गया ।
Riya had not lost hope , and in the end she found her baby.

मेरे पास पैसे नही ीं थे , क्ूींजक मैंने WALLET घर में छोड़ जदया था
I didn't have any money because I had left my wallet at home.

वो SHOCKED हो गया था क्ूींजक उसने पहले कभी इसके बारे में नही ीं सोचा था।
He got shocked because he had never thought about it before.

SITUATION 3

जो भी हम PRESENT PERFECT TENSE में बोली हुई SITUATIONS को PAST में बोलते हैं ,
तो HAS/HAVE + V(3) की जगह HAD + V(3) लगा दें गे

PRESENT PERFECT SITUATION PAST PERFECT SITUATION

Ravi : क्ा तू आज र्ीस जमा कर रहा है ?
थी
Are you depositing fee today?
Vinod : मैंने र्ीस पहले ही जमा करा दी है ।
कर दी थी
I have already deposited the fee.
Ravi : क्ा तूने कल र्ीस जमा कर दी
Did you deposit fee yesterday
Vinod : मैंने पहले ही र्ीस जमा
I had already deposited the fee

Sahil ( र्ादी में ) : अरे यार इस लड़की को तो दे ख Sahil : अरे तूने उस लड़की को
दे खा कल
Hey ! look at that girl Did you see that girl yesterday
Vinay : कौन सी , वो Red Dress में Vinay : वो Red Dress वाली
Which one , that in Red Dress that one in Red Dress
Sahil : हााँ यार , Yes buddy Sahil : मैंने उतनी सुन्दर लड़की पहले नही दे खी
थी I had never seen that much
Sahil : मैंने इतनी सुन्दर लड़की पहले नही ीं दे खी beautiful girl
before that
I have never seen such a beautiful girl before

OTHER SITUATION 3 EXAMPLES

My father saw me smoking yesterday, he had never seen me smoking before that
I ate pizza for the first time last Sunday, I had never eaten pizza before that.
I saw Raju last Sunday , I had not seen him for a long time
Riya called me yesterday, she had not called me for 4 months / since January.
 PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Had Been + V(ing)

Verb Form : V.F : V(ing ) Talking, Reading , Playing , Working etc

Helping Verb : H.V : Had Been

Sentence Formulas :

Positive Sentence + : Subject (S) + had been + V(ing) + Remaining Part (R.P )
Negative Sentence - : S + had not been + V(ing) + R.P
Confirmation Sentence C : Had + S + (not) been + V(ing) + R.P
Question Sentence Q : Q.W + had + S + (not) been + V(ing) + R.P
Q.W : Question Word

इस TENSE में मुख्यता वो SENTENCE बोले या जलखे जाते है जजनमें ACTION ( Verbs :
काया ) की जनम्नजलल्कखत जवर्ेषताए होती है।

USE 1 ACTION continued for a particular Duration Before Something in the Past
ACTION Past में Start हुआ था और Definite Time Period (जनजित समय अवजध ) के
जलए चल तब तक चल रहा था जब तक कोई दू सरा टाइम या Situation Mention(उल्लेख)
न की जाए
या कहे
Doer / Subject (कताा ) इस जनजित समय अवजध के जलए ACTION कर रहा था , उस समय
तक जब तक दू सरे समय या Situation का उल्लेख न जकया जाए

 1. िे Tony के आने से पहले दो घों टे से बात कर रहे थे

 They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived.

 2. िो उस company में तीन सालो से काम कर रही थी जब िो companyवदिावलया

हुई
 She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of
business.

3. James university में एक साल ज्यादा से काम कर रहा था Asiaजाने से पहले
 James had been teaching at the university for more than a year before he left for
Asia.

4. तुम जकतने टाइम से पढ़ रहे थे पापा के आने से पहले ?

How long had you been studying before father arrived ?

5. क्या तुम लोग सुबह से पी रहे थे पापा के पहुचने से पहले ?

Had you been drinking since morning before father reached ?
6. क्या रवि तीन सालो से नौकरी कर रहा था , अपना business शु रू करने से पहले ?
Had Ravi been working for three years before he started his own
business.
7. रवि तुम्हारे यहाूँ कब से नौकरी कर रहा था ?
How long had Ravi been working in your Shop ?

USE 2
जब PAST में लगातार जकये जा रहे ACTION(cause)
का पररणाम दू सरा ACTION(Result) आये
Sometimes interchangeable with past perfect simple
(In case of Cause & Effect Relationship )

1. हम बहुत थक गए थे क्ूींजक हम पाटी में तीन घींटो से नाच रहे थे .

We got very tired at the party because we had been dancing for 3 hours.

2. उन्होींने finally ररश्ता तोड़ जदया क्ूींजक वो दोनोीं लम्बे समय से झगड़ रहे थे .
They finally broke up because they both had been quarrelling with
each other for a long time.

3. ररया टे स्ट में र्ेल हो गयी क्ूींजक वो क्लास attend नही ीं कर रही थी .
Riya failed the final test because she had not been attending class
FUTURE TENSE :-
1. Future Simple
2. Future Continuous
3. Future Perfect
4. Future Perfect Continous (less in use)

FUTURE SIMPLE

H.V : Will or Shall (I & We in Old English)

V.F : V(1)

USE 1
WILL + V(1) का USE तब होगा जब कताा (Subject/Doer ) कोई काम भजवष्य में करे गा
या करने का promise करे गा
Sentence Formulae :
+) S + will + V(1) + R.P
-) S + will not + V(1) + R.P
C) will + S + (not) + V(1) + R.P
Q) Q.W + will + S + (not) + V(1) + R.P

Examples:
+) मैं तुझसे कल जमलने आऊाँगा
I will come to meet you tomorrow
+) मैं अगले महीने जदल्ली जाऊींगा
I will go to Delhi next month.
-) रीना मुझसे र्ादी नही ीं करे गी
Reena will not marry me.
C) क्ा तुम मेरा साथ दोगे ?
Will you support me?
Q) तुम मेरे घर कब आओगे ?
When will you come my home ?
USE 2 PROMISE Under Condition.
+) अगर तुम मेरी सहायता करते हो , तो में तुम्हारा साथ दू ीं गा.
If you help me, then I will give support you.
-) अगर पापा मुझे पै से नही ीं दे ते है , तो मैं काम नही ीं करू
ाँ गा
If father doesn’t give me money , then I will not do this work.
C) क्ा तुम मुझे chocolate दोगे अगर मैं टाइम से काम करता हाँ ?
Will you give me a Chocolate , if I complete my work on time.
Q) सुरक्षा के कैसे इन्तेजाम होींगे , अगर ओबामा भारत यात्रा पर आते हैं .
How will be the Security Arrangements, if Obama visits India.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS :
 Action In Motion / Person will be in the Middle of an Action
काम हो रहा होगा / कताा काया के मध्य में होगा

Person will be in the middle

of work at a particular point of mentioned time

Will be + V(ing) or Shall be + V(ing)

इस TENSE में मुख्यता वो SENTENCE बोले या जलखे जाते है ।

CASE 1st
SPECIFIC ACTION AS AN INTERRUPTION IN FUTURE

जब FUTURE में एक काम होगा , तब उस समय (Particular point of time ) दू सरा काम
हो रहा होगा ।

इसका मतलब जो पहला ACTION लम्बे समय से चल रहा होगा उसे दू सरा ACTION
INTERRUPT / INTERSECT (भेदेगा )
RULE : SHORTER ACTION या दू सरा ACTION हमेर्ा PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE में
होगा .
Sentence Formulae :
+) S + will be + V(ing) + R.P
-) S + will not be + V(ing) + R.P
C) will + S + (not) be + V(ing) + R.P
Q) Q.W + will + S + (not) be + V(ing) + R.P

Examples:
+) जब िो रात को आएगी , तब तो में T.V दे ख रहा हूँ गा .
I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight.
-) जब तुम कल आओगे , तब मैं तुम्हारा इों तज़ार नहीों कर रहा हूँ गा.
I will not be waiting for you when your come tomorrow.
+) जब तुम कल आओगे , उस समय हम सब तु म्हारे स्वागत की तैयारी कर रहे होोंगे.
When you come tomorrow , at that time we will be doing preparation to give you welcome.
C) कल जब पापा घर आयेंगे , क्या तुम उस समय पढ़ रहे होोंगे .
Will you be studying , when father comes tomorrow.
C) क्या हमारा ररजल्ट आएगा , जब हम टर े न में वदल्ली जा रहे होोंगे
Will we be travelling to Delhi by a train , when our result gets
published.
+) िो जे वनर्र को नहीों दे खेगी जब जे वनर्र आएगी , क्यूोंवक उस समय िो लाइब्ररी में पढ़ रही
होगी He will be studying at the library tonight, so he will not see Jennifer when she arrives..
 Notice in the examples above that the interruptions (marked in italics) are in Simple
Present rather than Simple Future. This is because the interruptions are in time clauses,
and you cannot use future tenses in time clauses.

CASE 2
Specific Time as an Interruption in the Future

कताा FUTURE में जकसी जनजित समय जबीं दु (Particular point of time ) पर काया को करने
में BUSY होगा , अथाात उस समय जबीं दु पर काया कर रहा होगा ।

Examples:
+) कल इस समय पर हम मै च खे ल रहे होोंगे इस समय : जनजित समय जबीं दु
We will be playing match at this time tomorrow.
C) क्या तुम आज रात 10 बजे HOLLYWOOD मूिी दे ख रहे होोंगे ?
Will you be watching a Hollywood movie tonight at 10 pm ?
रात 10 बजे : जनजित समय जबीं दु
Q) तुम पाों च साल बाद इस समय में वकस कोंपनी में जॉब कर रहा होोंगे ?
In which company will you be working at this time after 5 years
?
+) मु झे कल 5 बजे से 6 बजे के बीच फ़ोन मत करना , उस समय मैं क्लास में पढ़ा रहा
हूँ गा
Don’t call me from 5 pm to 6pm , at that time I will be teaching in the class.

VERY IMPORTANT POINT TO REMEMBER

In the Simple Future, a specific time is used to show the time an action will begin or end. In the
Future Continuous, a specific time interrupts the action.
Examples:
 Tonight at 6 PM, I will eat dinner.
I WILL START EATING AT 6 PM.

 Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to be eating dinner.

I WILL START EARLIER AND I WILL BE IN THE PROCESS OF EATING DINNER AT 6 PM.

CASE 3
Parallel Actions in the Future
3. जब FUTURE में दोनोों काम एक साथ हो रहे होोंगे (at the samepoint of
time)
When you use the Future Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it
expresses the idea that both actions will be happening at the same time. The actions
are parallel.

+) कल जब इों वडया इस मै दान में खेल रही होगी , तो उसी समय इों ग्लैंड दु सरे मै दान में खे ल
रही होगी .
 When India will be playing on this ground tomorrow, at the same
time England will be playing on the other ground.

+) कल जब तुम लोग वपकवनक में मज़े ले रहे होोंगे ,तब मैं इों टरव्यू के वलए वदल्ली जा रहा
हूँ गा .
When you will be enjoying picnic tomorrow , at that time I will be
going to Delhi for my Interview
+) कल जब सब होली मना रहे होोंगे , तब पुवलस िाले duty कर रहे होोंगे .
When all will be celebrating Holi tomorrow, Policemen will be doing
their duty.

FUTURE PERFECT :
WILL HAVE + V(3) Or SHALL HAVE + V(3)

इस TENSE में मुख्यता वो SENTENCE बोले या जलखे जाते है , जजनमे GIVEN CONDITIONS
होती है : -

1) Completion of Work / Action with in the given time frame

काम ख़त्म हो जायेगा जकसी जदए हुए समय अवजध के अन्दर
2) Completion of Work / Action before a particular time
काम ख़त्म हो जायेगा जकसी जदए हुए समय से पहले
3) Completion of Work / Action before another action
काम ख़त्म हो जायेगा जकसी दु सरे Action के होने से पहले

Sentence Formulae :

+) S + will have + V(3) + R.P

-) S + will not have + V(3) + R.P
C) will + S + (not) have + V(3) + R.P
Q) Q.W + will + S + (not) have + V(3) + R.P

Examples:

+) अगले नवम्बर तक , मुझे िमोर्न जमल जायेगा (जमल चुका होगा)

By next November, I will have received my promotion.
C) क्ा तुम 3 बजे तक इतना होमवका पू रा कर लोगे (कर चुके होींगे)
 Will you have finished homework by 3 o'clock.
Q) तुम जकतनी इीं ल्किर् सीख लोगे अमेररका जाने से पहले ?
How much English will you have learnt before you move to America ?
Q) 20 December से पहले तुम जकतना पै सा लोटा दोगे ?
How much money will you have returned before 20 December.
+) जब तक मेरा ररटायरमेंट होगा , तब तक मैं अपना घर बना लूाँगा .
By the time I get retired, I will have built my own house.

Notice in the examples above that the reference points (marked in italics) are
in Simple Present rather than Simple Future. This is because the interruptions
are in time clauses, and you cannot use future tenses in time clauses.

MODALS
USE OF
Can + V(1)
Could + V(1)
Would + V(1)
Be Able to + V(1)
Could do & Could have done
Would do & Would have done
Must + V(1) & have to + V(1)
May + V(1) & Might + V(1)
May & Might (2)
Should
Should have + V(3)

CAN
Can + V(1) का USE िहाूँ होता है जहाूँ कुछ POSSIBLE हो या वकसी पे
क्षमता (Ability) हो कोई काम करने की

+ ) रवि बहुत INTELLIGENT है , िो यह QUESTION कर सकता है

Ravi is very Intelligent, He can solve this question

+ ) ये सरकार बहुत मजबूत है , ये भ्रस्टाचार हटा सकती है

This goverment is very strong, it can remove corruption.

+ ) इों वडया की BATTING बहुत STRONG है , ये इस लक्ष्य को आसानी से बना सकते हैं
India has a strong batting side, it can easily achieve this
target.
- ) उसके पैर में ददा है , इसवलए िो तेज नहीों दौड़ नहीों सकता
He has pain in his leg, he can’t (can not) run fast.

C ) क्या तुम मेरी सहायता कर सकते हो ? CAN you help me ?

C ) क्या तुम मुझे 100 रुपय दे सकते हो ? CAN you give me 100 Rs ?
Q ) तुम ये QUESTION कैसे SOLVE कर सकते हो ?How can you solve this question
?

USE OF COULD

USE 1
Could + V(1) का PAST TENSE (भूतकाल ) में USE होता है
COULD को CAN की PAST FORM की तरह USE जकया जाता है
(काम कर सकता था या नही ीं कर सकता था )

+ ) रवि बहुत INTELLIGENT है , िो यह QUESTION solve कर सकता था

Ravi is very Intelligent, He could solve this question

- ) उसके पैर में ददा था , इसवलए िो तेज नहीों दौड़ सकता था / सका .
He had pain in his leg, that’s why he couldn’t (could not) run
fastyesterday

C ) क्या तुम मेरी कल सहायता कर सकते थे ? COULD you help me yesterday ?

Q ) तुम ये QUESTION क्योों SOLVE नहीों कर सकते थे ?

why could you not solve this question ?

USE 2

Could + V(1) का USE PRESENT TENSE में CAN की जगह वहाीं होता है जहााँ काम
के होने की सम्भावना (POSSIBILITY) पर बात हो या हम सुझाव (SUGGESTION)
दे .

सम्भावना (POSSIBILITY)
फ़ोन बज रहा है , रवि का हो सकता है Phone is ringing, it could be Ravi.
िो वकसी भी TIME पर यहाूँ पहुूँ च सकते हैं He could come here at any time
राजू भी मना कर सकता है Raju could also refuse

सुझाव (SUGGESTION)

हम वपकवनक के वलए नै नीताल के अलािा वशमला भी तो जा सकते है

We could also go to Shimla besides Nainital for the picnic
हम ये िाली movie भी दे ख सकते है
We could also watch this movie.

USE 3

COULD + Have + V(3) ( Could have done )

इसका USE PAST की उन SITUATIONS (पररक्तस्तवथयोों) के वलए होता है

जहाूँ कोई ACTION (काया ) हो सकता था पर हुआ नहीों .

तुम भालू के इतने करीब क्योों गए , िो तु म पर हमला कर सकता था

Why did you go so near to Beer , it could have attacked you.
उसे समय से HOSPITAL पहुों चा वदया , िनाा िो मर सकता था
He was taken to the hospital on time, otherwise he could have died.
मैं उसे बता सकता था , पर मैंने बताया नहीों
I could have told him , but I did not tell him.

WOULD
USE 1

का ियोग will + V(1) के स्थान पर तब होता है , जब

WOULD + V(1)
हम कुछ भजवष्य के जलए कल्पना (IMAGINE) करते है

यह वपकवनक बहुत मजे दार होगी

This picnic would be so enjoyable.
अगर युद्ध होता है , तो यह मानिता का बहुत बड़ा नुक्सान होगा
If a war takes place, then it would be a great loss to mankind.

USE 2
WOULD + V(1) का ियोग will + V(1) के स्थान पर तब होता है , जब
हम जकसी से request (जवनती) करते है , या जकसी से उसकी इच्छा
पू छते है या जकसी को INVITE करते है

क्या आप कृपया fan बोंद कर दें गे ? Would you please switch off the fan ?
क्या आप कृपया मेरी इस form को भरने में मदद करें गे ?
Would you please help me in filling this form ?
क्या आप मेरे साथ चाय पीना पसोंद करें गे ? Would you like to drink tea with me ?
क्या आप मेरे साथ dance करना पसोंद करें गे ? Would you like to dance with me ?
क्या आप हमारे यहाूँ dinner में आना पसोंद करें गे ?
Would you like to come to dinner tomorrow evening ?

USE 3

WOULD + V(1) का प्रयोग PAST TENSE में भी होता है जहाूँ कोई काया अपने को
दोहराता था

मैं वपछले साल सुबह 5 बजे उठता था

I would wake up at 5 am last year.
मैं बचपन में बहुत चॉकले ट खता था
I would eat chocolate a lot in childhood
क्या तु म पहले बहुत वसगरे ट पीते थे ?
Would you smoke cigarette a lot earlier ?

MUST + V(1) & SHOULD + V(1)

MUST + V(1) & SHOULD + V(1) दोनोों का प्रयोग उन SENTENCES

में होता है जहाूँ “ कोई काम करना चावहए “ कहा जाये .

should + V(1) का प्रयोग सुझाि (ADVICE) दे ने के वलए होता है

जबवक Must + V(1) का प्रयोग िहाों होता है जहाूँ कोई काम करना अवनिाया
होता है और condition भी दी हुई होती है .

SHOULD + V(1) MUST + V(1)

सुझाव (Advice) अजनवाया (compulsory)
तुम्हे ENGLISH सीखनी चावहए अगर तुम्हे इस INTERVIEW में पास होना है
You should learn English
तु म्हे सुबह जल्दी उठना चावहए
You should wake up early in the morning
उसे क्लास में समय रहते आना
चावहए He should come to the class in time
, तो तुम्हे ENGLISH सीखनी चावहए
If you want to pass this interview, then you must learn
English
अगर तुम्हे एग्जाम में अच्छे numbers लाने
है , तो तुम्हे सुबह जल्दी उठना चावहए
If you want to get good marks , then you
must wake up early in the morning
उसे वर्र से क्लास बोंक नहीों करनी चावहए
, िरना उसे स्कूल से वनकाल वदया
जायेगा He must not bunk the class again,
otherwise he will be debarred from the
school.

Use of SHOULD HAVE + V(3) :

कोई काम करना चाजहए था

तु म्हे झूट नहीों बोलना चावहए था

You should not have told a lie.
तु म्हे इों क्तग्लश में बोलना चावहए था
You should have spoken in English
रवि को BOOK चोरी नहीों करनी चावहए थी
You should not have stolen BOOK.

USE OF MAY + V(1)

जब कोई काम करने की अनुमजत माींगनी हो
क्या मैं अन्दर आ सकता हूँ ? May I come in ?
क्या मैं आपकी सहायता कर सकता हूँ ? May I help you ?
क्या मैं बैठ सकता हूँ ?
May I sit ?
जब कोई काम होने की सम्भावना र्ायद
में (50%) हो
He may come tomorrow
िो शायद कल आये
मैं शायद इस बार न खेलूूँ I may not play this time

जब जकसी के जलए कोई Wish (मन्नत) करनी

हो I wish, you may get everything in
your life
मैं wish करता हूँ वक तुम्हे वजोंदगी में सब कुछ
I wish, you may get a job soon
वमले
 मैं wish करता हूँ वक तुम्हे जल्दी नौकरी वमल
जाये
,

USE OF MIGHT+V(1)

Might + V(1) का प्रयोग May +V(1) के स्थान पर

हर sentenceमें हो सकता है , पर लोग Might + V(1) का ज्यादातर
प्रयोग तब करते है , जब वकसी ACTION के होने की सम्भािना
(POSSIBILITY)
50% से भी कम हो
आज मैं बहुत बीमार हूँ , मैं श्याम की पाटी में र्ायद ही आऊूँ
I am very ill today, I might come in the evening party
सर बहुत सख्त है , िो र्ायद ही अनुमवत दे
Sir is very strict , he might give permission
रवि शराब कभी नहीों पीता , िो इस कॉकटे ल पाटी में र्ायद ही आये
Ravi never drinks alcohol, he might come in this cocktail party.

Use of Has to / Have to + V(1)

Use of Had to + V(1)
Use of Will have to + V(1)
Has to + V(1) Had to + V(1)
Have to + V(1)
Compulsory / obligatory or Compulsory / obligatory or
duty in present duty in Past
अजनवाया (करना है ) या अजनवाया (करना था)
कताव्य
मैं नहीों आ सकता , मु झे मैं नहीों आ सकता था ,
पढाई करनी है क्यूोंवक मु झे पढाई करनी थी
I can’t come, because I have I couldn’t come because I had to
to study study
मैं बाइक ले कर नहीों आ हम कल पाटी में नहीों आया ,
सकता , मे रे पापा को मावकाट क्यूोंवक मु झे मम्मी के साथ
जाना है डॉक्टर पे जाना था
I can’t bring my bike, because my We did not come to the party
father has to go to market Because I had to take my mother to
Doctor
Will have to + V(1)
Compulsory / Obligatory or
duty in Future
अजनवाया (करना पड़े गा )
अगर तुम्हे अच्छे माक्सा चावहए
, तुम्हे खू ब पढना होगा
If you want good marks, you will
have to study well
तुम्हें एक वदन अपनी इस
गलती के वलए पछताना
पड़े गा
You will have to regret one day
for this mistake
 मुझे अभी माकेट जाना है
I have to go to the market right
now
मुझे कल माकेट जाना था
I had to go to the market
yesterday
आज सारे बैंक बोंद है , मु झे
अब कल माकेट जाना पड़े गा
All banks are closed today, now I
will have to go to bank tomorrow

ACTIVE - PASSIVE VOICE

इसका KNOWLEDGE आपको दे गा ENGLISH SPEAKING में 100% COMMAND

Friends जब भी हम ACTIVE – PASSIVE VOICE के बारे में सोचते है तो हमारे MIND में एक
TOUGH

CHAPTER का ख्याल आ जाता है , वजसे हमने SCHOOL DAYS में GRAMMAR BOOK में पढ़ा था और जैसे

ही कोई इस बारे में पूछता है तो हम कहते है PASSIVE िो होता है वजसमे ACTIVE का SUBJECT
OBJECT में

CHANGE हो जाता है और OBJECT SUBJECT में CHANGE हो जाता है .

It means --: Subject becomes Object
Object becomes Subject
Ex : -- Ram plays football -- Active
Football is played by Ram --- Passive

Friends Reality में ऊपर वदए हुए ANSWERS / REPLY और EXPLANATION वसर्ा ओर वसर्ा
SCHOOL ENGLISH / GRAMMAR में APPLICABLE (लागू ) होते हैं , जो हमे ACTIVE को PASSIVE
और PASSIVE को ACTIVE में CHANGE करना वसखाता है .
It means अगर हमे PASSIVE में SPEAK या WRITE करना हो तो हमे ACTIVE SENTENCE की
REQUIREMENT (जरुरत ) होती है .

BUT IN SPOKEN ENGLISH / WRITTEN ENGLISH and COMPETITIVE

ENGLISH में ऐसी SITUATION नही ों होती है और िहाों हमें वकसी भी PARTICULAR SITUATION को या
तो वसर्ा ACTIVE VOICE या वर्र वसर्ा PASSIVE VOICE में SPEAK / WRITE या CHECK करना पड़ता
है .

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE

ACTIVE PASSIVE
 IMPORTANCE or NEED
जब SITUATION में SUBJECT or DOER
(कताा ) के बारे में बात की जाये या कहें की
SENTENCE में जो ACTION PERFROM हो रहा है
वो कौन कर रहा है , इस पर पूरा FOCUS हो ,
तब ऐसी SITUATION में हम
ACTIVE – VOICE में sentence बोलते हैं .
SENTENCE SUBJECT से START होता है
SITUATION 1.
Q. ये road वकस Governement ने बनायीों थी
? (QUESTION about
Subject )
A. Congress Govt. ने ये Road बनायी ों थी :
(Congress is the Subject)
A . Congress Govt. made this
road
(Sentence Subject से start हो रहा है )
SITUATION 2.
Q. तु म्हे English कौन पढ़ाता है ?
(QUESTION about Subject )
A. विकास sir हमें English पढ़ाते हैं .
(Vikas Sir is the Subject )
Vikas Sir teaches us English : lecture
(Sentence Subject से start हो रहा है )
OTHER SITUATIONS
Ravi कभी Home Work complete नही ीं करता
है Subject : Ravi
Ravi never completes his home –Work
मैं औरो पर बहुत जल्दी trust कर ले ता हाँ
IMPORTANCE or NEED
जजस SITUATION में OBJECT IMPORTANT
होता है और हमारा पूरा EFFORT (ियास ) ये
बताने में होता है जक ACTION जकसके
ऊपर PERFORM जकया है ,
उस SITUATION में हम
PASSIVE VOICE USE करते हैं .
SENTENCE OBJECT से START होता है
SITUATION 1
Q. ये road कब बनी थी ?
( QUESTION about Object & not
about Subject )
A . ये road 2 साल पहले बनी थी
A . This road was made two years
ago
(Sentence OBJECT (Road) से start हो रहा
है )
SITUATION 2.
Q. तु म्हे second lecture में क्या पढ़ाया जाता है ?
( QUESTION about Object & not Subject )
A . हमे English second lecture में पढ़ाई
जाती है
A . ENGLISH is taught to us in second
English is an Object
(Sentence OBJECT (English) से start हो
रहा है )
OTHER SITUATIONS
Ravi की क्लास में रोज डाीं ट पढ़ती है
Ravi is scolded everyday in the class
Ravi is an OBJECT & not a Subject क्ूींजक
अब इस situation में Ravi काम नही ीं कर रहा
है बल्कि उसके ऊपर काम हो रहा है ,,उसकी डाीं ट
पढ़ रही है ,,वो नही ीं डाीं ट रहा है
मे रा बहुत आसानी से बे वकूर् बन जाता ह
 I trust others very quickly I am fooled very easily
Subject = I I is an OBJECT & not a SUBJECT

SENTENCES STRUCTURE or SENTENCES STRUCTURE or FORMULA

FORMULA IN IN
ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE

Subject = S Helping Verb = H.V Object = O

Verb-Form = V.F RemainingPart = R.P Verb –Form = V(3) only 3rd form of verb
Q.W =Question Word is used in whole Passive voice
R.P contains Object & other language R.P contains Subject & other language
parts parts
four types of sentences four types of sentences

1. Positive (+) S – H.V – V.F - R.P 1. Positive (+) O – H.V – V.F - R.P
2. Negative (-) S – H.V not – V.F – 2. Negative (-) O – H.V not – V.F – R.P
R.P 3. Affirmative/Confirmative (A/C)
3. Affirmative/Confirmative (A/C) A/C) H.V – O – (not) – V.F – R.P
A/C) H.V – S – (not) – V.F – 4. Interrogative/Question (I/Q)
R.P I/Q) Q.W – H.V – O – (not) – V.F –
4. Interrogative/Question (I/Q) R.P
I/Q) Q.W – H.V – S – (not) – V.F
– R.P

RULES for Making Sentences in ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE

Tense Active Voice Passive Voice
PRESENT
H.V = Do / Does H.V = Is/Am/Are
V.F = V(1) / V(1)s,es V.F = V(3)
Present Simple / Indefinite /
Action in Habit
Present Continuous H.V = Is/Am/Are H.V = Is/Am/Are
V.F = V(ing) V.F = being V(3)
Action in motion
Person busy at present point of
time
Present Perfect H.V = Has / Have H.V = Has / Have
V.F = V(3) V.F = been V(3)
Action done or not done
PAST ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE

Past Simple / Indefinite H.V = did H.V = Was /Were

V.F = V(1) V.F = V(3)
Action happened once
Past Continuous H.V = Was /Were H.V = Is/Am/Are
V.F = V(ing) V.F = being V(3)
Action in motion
Person busy in past at a
 particular point of time
Past Perfect H.V = had H.V = had
V.F = V(3) V.F = been V(3)
Two Related Actions in past
one after another
FUTURE ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE

Future Simple / Indefinite H.V = will H.V = will

V.F = V(1) V.F = be V(3)
Future Continuous H.V = will be H.V = will be
V.F = V(ing) V.F = being V(3)
Person busy in future at a
particular point of time
Future Perfect H.V = will have H.V = will have
V.F = V(3) V.F = been V(3)

ACTIVE - PASSIVE VOICE : CHAPTER 20

SOME COMMONLY USED SENTENCES IN ALL TENSES

(PASSIVE VOICE)

1. PRESENT SIMPLE (HABIT SENTENCES )

1.1 POSITIVE / NEGATIVE :

Obejct (O) + is/am/are + (not) + V(3) + R.P

1. The food is made in our house around 8 pm
2. Ravi is scolded by all teachers
3. People are misled on the name of career
4. I am praised by all my relatives
5. English is taught in all school now-a-days
6. Ring is not worn like this
7. This song is not sung like this

1.2 CONFIRMATION:-- Start with H.V (Is/ Am / Are)

Is/Am/Are + O + V(3) + R.P

Is English spoken in every class of your school?

Are Indians treated badly in western countries now a days?
Are these cycles not made in India?
Is chalk still used in your school for instruction purpose?
1.3 QUESTION : - All question sentences start with Question Words

Q.W + Is/Am/Are + O + V(3) + R.P

Why is still chalk used in your college?

Where are these pens manufactured?
Why am I scolded every time?
Why are these types of questions given in the paper?

2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS (Action in motion) { Is/am/are + Being V(3) }

2.1 POSITIVE / NEGATIVE :

Obejct (O) + Is/am/are (not) + Being V(3) + R.P

1. Don’t go ahead; the Road is being made/constructed

2. Just wait for some time, the tea is being prepared
3. English has become the most important language in this world, today it is being spoken all over the
world
4. Samsung has introduced its Galaxy S- Series, which is being sold a lot these days
5. Vinay (on phone) : Hey Ravi! Where are you man, why have you not come in the party yet?

Ravi(replying) : I am on the way, actually my bike has broken down, it is being repaired now, I will be in
the party in 20 minutes.
6. Today is Diwali – the festival of lights, it is being celebrated all over the country
7. Rohan : Hey Ravi! Why are you looking in tension

Ravi : Buddy, I don’t want to take Science in 11th class

Rohan: So, what’s the problem in that
Ravi : I am being pressurized to opt PCM in 11th class from family side, that’s why I am tensed.

8. Today, People are being cheated on the name of religion and God by many fake religious gurus

2.2 CONFIRMATION : Start with H.V (Is/Am/Are + Being )

O + Is/Am/Are + Being V(3) + R.P

Are you being threatened these days by someone?

Is this road being repaired again?
Are you being pressurised now a day?
Is any meeting being organized at this place in the evening?

2.3 QUESTION : Start with the question word

Q.W + O + Is/Am/Are + Being V(3) + R.P

Why are these animals being kept in this ground?

Which building is being made at this place?
Which chapter is being taught in the tuition these days?
Where is this luggage being delivered?
Why is this area being restricted with fences and wires?

3. _PRESENT PERFECT (Action Completed ) : Has been/ Have + been V(3)

3.1 POSITIVE / NEGATIVE SENTENCES

O + Has / Have (not) + been V(3) + R.P

Now you can go from this route, the bridge has been made completely
Hey! Come inside, the tea has been prepared
The food has been served; all guests are requested to take the dinner
India has been bowled out for 120 runs only, and now Australia needs 121 in 20 overs
The fund for construction of this bridge has already been released from the centre, but still no work
has started
People have already been warned many times before this, but still they don’t follow rules and
regulations

3.2 CONFIRMATION: Start with the Helping verb {Has / Have + been V(3) }

Has / Have + O + been V(3) + R.P

Has India been bowled out for just 120 runs?
Have you not been told to come tomorrow at 8 am in the morning?
Has this lesson not been cleared to everyone?
Has Mr. Rajan been charged in murder case?

3.4 QUESTION : Q.W + Has / Have + O + been V(3) + R.P

I told you to prepare the food 2 hours ago, why has it not been prepared yet?
Why have prizes been given to these students?
How many times have your parents been sent your report?
How many times has this computer been repaired before this?
How many times have you been operated in your life till now?
4. PAST SIMPLE ( Action Took Place Once ) Was / Were + V(3)

This tense in Passive Voice is generally used in REPORT WRITING ( means whenever we describe
any past incident like in Newspaper or when reporters describe any incident or accident)

4.1 POSITIVE / NEGATIVE SENTENCES

O + Was / Were + (not) + V(3) + R.P

people were killed in an accident yesterday
Raju was not taken to the hospital very late
An Annual Sports day was organized in our school yesterday
There was a complete lock-out in India yesterday, in which many vehicles were burnt and shops were
looted.
A man was spotted in black shirt and blue jeans near Toll Plaza
Jessical lal was not shot at her forehead in the party
4.2 CONFIRMATION: Start with the Helping verb { Was / Were + V(3) }

Was / Were + O + V(3) + R.P

Was any function organized in your school yesterday?

Were students given a party in the tuition last Saturday?
Were you given punishment in the class yesterday?
Was any FIR registered in this case at that time?

4.3 QUESTION : - All question sentences start with Question Words

Q.W + Was / Were + O + V(3) + R.P

Where was the function organized yesterday?

Who was sent to the hospital in that Car yesterday?
Where was he given death sentence last month?

5. PAST CONTINUOUS : Action in Motion Was / Were + being V(3)

Situations in “Action in motion” in PASSIVE are same as situations in ACTIVE, but this time same
sentences of PASSIVE (Action in motion) start with the OBJECT At a particular time/moment in past:

5.1 POSITIVE / NEGATIVE SENTENCES

O + Was / Were + (not) + being V(3) + R.P

At this time last year, this bridge was being constructed

The room was being cleaned when I entered the house
Trees were being cut down throughout the last year
When I met him yesterday, his bike was being repaired at that time

5.2 CONFIRMATION: Start with the Helping verb { Was / Were + being V(3) }

Was / Were + O + being V(3) + R.P

Was the room being cleaned, when you reached there?

Was he being taken to the hospital, when you got news?
Was any match being played in this stadium yesterday?
Were you being scolded in the class last Saturday?
Why were trees being cut in your area yesterday?
5.3 QUESTION : - All question sentences start with Question Words

Q.W + Was / Were + O + being V(3) + R.P

Where was that match being played yesterday?
Why were you being scolded so badly in the class in the morning?
Where were all those animals being taken yesterday in that truck?
Which competition was being organized in your school yesterday?
Who was being beaten in the class yesterday?
Who was being discussed in the meeting yesterday?
Which topic was being discussed in your class in the morning?
Why was he being insulted so much in the seminar?
6. PAST PERFECT ACTION COMPLETED in PAST { Had + been V(3) }

Situations in ACTION COMPLETED in PASSIVE are same as in ACTION COMPLETED in ACTIVE , but
this time sentences of PASSIVE (Action Completed ) start with an OBJECT.

6.1 POSITIVE / NEGATIVE SENTENCES

O + had (not) + been V(3) + R.P

All evidences had been removed before Police reached there.

He had already been hanged before the truth came out about his innocence
The strike had been called off before the order passed regarding termination.
He had been declared dead before he gave his statement to police.
Last year, all roads had been repaired before P.M visited the city.

6.2 CONFIRMATION: Start with the H.V

Had + O + been V(3) + R.P

Had he been locked properly before you left the prison?

Had this chapter been taught in your tuition before exams started?
Had all the evidences been removed before the police reached at the spot?

6.3 QUESTION: All question start with the question word

Q.W + Had + O + been V(3) + R.P

Why had the action been taken before I gave permission?

Where had the body been hidden before anyone came to know about it?

Other Conversion from Active Voice to Passive Voice

ACTIVE PASSIVE
MODALS + V(1) MODALS + be V(3)
Will + V(1) Will + be V(3)
Can + V(1) Can + be V(3)
Would /Could + V(1) Would /Could + be V(3)
Should + V(1) Should + be V(3)
Must / May / Might + V(1) Must / May / Might + be V(3)