declarati

on
DECLARATI
ON
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ACKNOW LEDGEM ENT
 PARTSOFCOCONUTUSEDFOR
CRAFT

•Coi
rpit
h
•Shel
l
•Husk
I
NTRODUCTI ON
USES/PRODUCTS
•Aboutallepey
•Hi
storyofal l
epey
MATTI
NGINDUSTRY(
MAJOR
•Stat
ist
ics
PRODUCT)
•Geography
•Demogr aphics
PROCESS
•Food
•Map
•Dyeing
•Spooli
ng
RESEARCHOBJECTI
VES
•W arpi
ng
•Beami ng
COI
R
•W eavi
ng
•Tr
immi ng
RAW MATERI
ALS
•Edgefini
shing
•Stenci
lpri
nting
•Typesoffi
bre
•Fi
nishi
ng
•Resour
cingplaces
•Tool
s
COSTI
NG
•Chemicalsused
EXPORTSCENARI
O
MACHI
NES
GOVERNMENTSCHEMES
•Tr
adi
ti
onal
•Moder
n
SW OTANAL
YSI
S
PROCESSES
W EAVER’
SPROFI
LE
•Husking
QUESTI
ONNAI
RE
•Retti
ng
•Beating
GLOSSARY
•Cl
eani ng
•Dryi
ng
OUREXPERI
ENCE
•Spinning
Tr
aditi
onal andmoder
n
BI
BLI
OGRAPHY
I
NTRODUCTI
ON
 OBJECTI
VE
Tounderstandthemanuf act
uri
ngandprocessi
ngofcoi
rpr
oducts,
studythe
st
ruct
ureoft hedif
fer
entsector
sofsoci
etyanddynamicsr
elat
eddevelopment
i
ssuesfacedbyt hesoci
eti
es.
 RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY

Researchmet hodol
ogyisthemethodusedtocoveradiagnosti
cstudyofthecluster
.Thebasici
deol
ogywast o
coveraboutthecraf
tandthecraf
tsmeninter
msoft echnologyupgradati
on,economicalset
upandt hel
i
fest
yle.
Thisobj
ecti
vestudyfur
therai
medt oi
denti
fyt
hedraw backsoftheclust
erasawhol esothattheycanbeacted
uponint
hefutur
eandiniti
atesthecraf
tdevel
opment .

1
. Ethnogr
aphi
cStudy
2.
Datacoll
ecti
onmet hod:Pr
imar
yandSecondaryr esear
ch
3.Obser
vati
on:Par
ticipantandnon-
parti
ci
pantobservati
on
4.I
nter
view:St
ruct ur
edandunstruct
uredi
ntervi
ew
 QUESTI
ONNAI
RE

1
.Analysi
softhequestionnai
re
2.
Thequesti
onnai
rewasapar tofthefi
eldresearchworkwher ewehadt ogo,i
denti
fyandi
nter
view t
he
ar
ti
sans,whi
ch i
n ourcase were weavers.The quest
ionnair
esfi
l
led i
n werefurt
heranal
ysed fort
he
neededconclusi
oni nthefor
m ofgraphsandpiecharts.

THEOBJECTI
VESOFTHESTUDY

1
.Togai
nindi
vidualfamil
ybasedandsocietybasedinf
ormat
ion
2.Unbiasedanalysi
softhei
nfor
mat i
on
3.
Identi
fi
cat
ionoftheprobl
emsf aced
4.
Conclusi
on

THEPURPOSEOFTHESTUDY

• 1
.Identi
fyt
heweaver sinthearea
2.T
o gai
nthe soci
o-economi
ci nf
ormat i
on l
ik
e age,f amil
yincome,assets,i
ncome,medi
calf
aci
l
it
y
r
elat
eddet ail
sasasociety
3.Toknow aboutthedesigni nter
msofdesi gnandtechnol
ogy

THELI
MIT
ATI
ONSOFTHESTUDY

• 1
.Languagebar
ri
ers
2.
Rel
uct
anceoft
heweaver stogi
vedetai
l
edi
nfor
mat
ion

GI
STOFTHESTUDY

1.Thisst
udyisacentralgover
nmentini
ti
ativenotonlytoi
dent
if
ythediminishi
ngcraf
tcluster
sand
st
abili
zi
ngthem butal
sotosensiti
zet
hepresentgener
ationt
othevar
iouscr
aftandtheuntoldscenar
io
behi
ndit
.
RESEARCH
FI
NDI
NGS
Coir
,orcoconut f i
bre,is a natur
alf i
bre
extr
acted from t he huskofcoconutand
used in pr oduct s such as f l
oor mat s,
doormat s,brushesandmat t
resses.Coiri
s
the fi
brous mat eri
alfound between t he
hard,i
nternalshel landtheout ercoatofa
coconut .All
eppy Coi rrefer
st ot he Coi r
products made i n Ambalappuzha and
Cherthala TaluksofAl appuzha dist
rict,i
n
thestateofKer al
a,Indi
a.Coi
rproductionof
thi
sregiondat esbackt oasear lyas1 859.

The name coi r comes f rom k ayar,a

Dravidi
an wor df or cord,used i n bot h
Malayalam and Tami l, wi th neither
l
anguage cl earl
y proven to be t he ori
gin.
Ropesandcor dagehavebeenmadef rom
coconutf ibre since ancientt imes.Indian
navigatorswhosai l
edt heseast oMalaya,
Java, China, and t he Gul f of Arabia
centuri
esagousedcoi rf
ort heirshi
propes.
Arabwr it
er softhe1 1t
hcent ur yADr ef
erred
totheext ensi veuseofcoi rforshipropes..
A coiri
ndustryi nthe UK was r ecorded
beforethesecondhal fofthe19thcent ury.
Duri
ng1840,CaptainW idel
y,i
nco- operation
with Captain Logan and Mr .Thomas
Trel
oar,
foundedt hek nowncar petfir
msof
Trel
oarand Sonsi n Ludgate Hil
l
,Engl and,
forthe manuf actur
e ofcoi ri
nt o vari
ous
fabri
cs suitable f or floor cover i
ngs.

1
2
1
3
1
4
Majorenergysourcesbei
ngusedi ntheAlleppeyCoircl
usterareelectr
icit
yandf uelssuchasf i
rewood,FurnaceOi l
,HSD,
and
Coconuthusk.Thecoiruni
tsxinthecl
usterrequir
ebothelectr
icalandther malenergyexceptforhandloomswhi chusesonly
el
ectri
calener
gy.Thefueli
susedforgenerati
onofheat(thermal ener
gy)int her
micf l
uidheat
ers,boi
l
ers,andchulhas.El
ect
rical
energyisusedfortheoperat
ionofel
ectr
icaluti
l
it
iesl
i
keblower s,pumps, ai
rcompr essors,
andmachi nedrives.

Ser
ial Name CostofFuel Uni
ts GrossCal
ori
fi
c
Number ofFuel perUnit Value(
Kcal
/kg)

Detail
soffuel
sused and prevai
l
ing mark
et 1 Fi
rewood 3.
00 k
g 3800
pr
icesofvari
ousfor
msofener gyinAll
eppey
2 CoconutHusk 2.
00 k
g 4000
Coircl
ust
erispr
esentedi
nt able1
3 Fur
naceOi
l 35.
00 Li
tr
e 9300

4 Hi
ghspeed 42.
00 k
g 1
0000
Di
esel

Ser
ial Typeof Ener
gy Tot
alno. T
otalEner
gy
Energy consumpt ion (
ther
mal& el ectr
ical Consumpti
on Consumption
Number Unit ofUnit
s
energy)incoi
runitdependsont ypeofunit
and pr oducts manuf actured. Annual 1 Dyei
ng 409 1
5 61
35
el
ectri
cal ener gy and t hermal ener gy PVCTuf ti
ng
2 303 7 21
21
consumpt ion Unit
s
i
nt ypicalcoi
rdyeing,PVC t uf
ti
ng,spinni
ng, 3
Matti
ngs 6 40 240
weaving, r
ubberi
zedcoirpr
oduct sunit
sis (
PowerLooms)
presentedintable2. 4 Rubberised 2.
1 29 61
Coi
rmat s
Total 720 91 8557
 COI
RPROCESSI
NG

Coirfi
bres aref ound between t he hard,
i
nternalshelland t he outer coat of a
coconut.Theindi
vidualfi
brecel
lsarenarrow
and hollow, with t hi
ck walls made of
cel
lul
ose.Theyarepal ewheni mmat ure,
but
l
aterbecome har dened and yell
owed asa
l
ayerofl igni
ni s deposi
ted on thei
rwal l
s.

Eachcel li
sabout1mm ( 0.04in) longand1 0t o
20μm ( 0.0004t o0. 0008i n)i ndi amet er.Fibr es
aret ypi cally1 0t o30cent i
met res( 4t o1 2i n)
l
ong. Thet wovar i
et i
esofcoi rar ebr ownand
whi te.Br own coi r har vest ed f r
om f ully
ri
pened coconut si st hick ,st rong and has
highabr asi onr esistance. I
tist ypi cal
lyusedi n
mat s,br ushes and sack ing.Mat ure br own
coirf i
bres cont ain mor el igni n and l ess
cell
ul ose,so ar e st r
ongerbutl ess f l
exi ble.
W hit e coi rfibreshar vest ed f rom coconut s
befor et heyar er i
pear ewhi teorl i
ghtbr own
i
ncol orandar esmoot herandf iner,butal so
weak er.They ar e gener all
y spun t o mak e
yarn used i
n mat s or r ope.
Thisgol den f i
brei sspun i n a br eat htak ing
range oft extured yar n and woven i ntoa
spect rum of col orfulf l
oor cover i
ng.The
husk ssepar atedf rom t henut sar er et tedi n
l
agoonsupt ot enmont hs. Ther ett
edhusk s
are t hen beat en wi t
h wooden mal let s
manual lyt o pr oduce t he gol den f i
br e.The
fi
brei sl at erspun i nt o yar n on t radi ti
onal
spinni ng wheel s cal led “ Rat ts”,ready f or
dyeingandweavi ngi ntomyr iadshadesof
fl
oorcover ings. Ascor eofvar iet i
es/gradesof
coiryar n ar e produced and each var ietyi s
associ at ed wi th cer tain speci fic
char acter i
st i
cs, used f
or i ndust ri
al,
agricul t
ur al and domest i
c appl i
cat ions.

21
Tr
adi
ti
onal
fibr
eext
ract
ion
Thet raditi
onalproduct i
onoff i
bresfrom thehusk s
i
sa l aboriousand t i
me- consumi ng process.Aft
er
separ at
ingoft henut ,thehusk sar eprocessedby
various retti
ng techniques gener all
yi n ponds of
brackish wat ers(fort hree to six mont hs)ori n
back water sorlagoons. Thisrequires10-12mont hs
ofanaer obic(bacteri
al)ferment ati
on.Byretti
ng,the
husk sar e soft
ened and can be decor ti
cated and
the fi
brei sext r
acted bybeat i
ng,whi ch isusuall
y
donebyhand.Af t
erhack l
ing,washi nganddr ying
(i
nt heshade)t hefibr
esar eloosenedmanual l
yand
cleaned. .

heremai
ningresi
dualpit
h–whi chwaspr evi
ouslyconsi
deredawast eproblem –hasrecentl
yfoundnew prof
it
ablemarket
sasa
peatmosssubsti
tutef
orhorti
cult
ural
producti
on.Tradi
ti
onalpr
acti
cesofthiski
ndyiel
dt hehighestqual
i
tyof(whit
e)f
ibr
eforspi
nni
ng
andweavi
ng.Rettedfi
bresf
rom greenhusk sarethemostsuitabl
efibr
esfordyeingandbl eachi
ng.

Thepr ocessesoff
ibr
eext r
acti
onarevar
ied,
anddependontheeffect
ivenessoft
hewet
processingsuchasbleachinganddyei
ngofcoi
randalsovar
iedenduses.

Mechani
cal
Ext
ract
ion
Alt
ernati
vely, mechanical processes usi ng ei t
her de-fi
beri
ng or
decorti
cati
ng equipmentpr ocess the husk s aft
eronl yfi
ve days of
i
mmer si
on in wat
ert anks.Crushi
ng the huski n a br
eakeropensthe
fi
bres.Byusingrevolvi
ng“ dr
ums”t hecoar selongf i
bresareseparated
fr
om t he shortwoody par ts and the pith.The st r
ongerfi
bres are
washed, cl
eaned,dri
ed,hackledandcombed.

22
 PROCESS

HUSKI
NG

Ripecoconutsarehuskedimmedi atel
y,butunr i
pe
coconuts may be seasoned f or a mont h by
spreadi
ngt hem i
nasinglel
ayeronthegr oundand
keeping t
hem dry.Toremove t he f
rui
tf r
om t he
seed,the coconutisimpaled on a steel-t
ipped
spiketo spli
tthe husk.The pulplayeris easil
y
peeledoff.

• RETTI
NG
Retti
ngi sacur i
ngpr ocessdur i
ngwhi chthehusk s
arek eptin an environmentt hatencour ages the
acti
on ofnat urall
y occurri
ng microbes.Thisaction
part
iall
ydecomposest hehusk '
spul p,al
lowingitto
besepar at
edint ocoirfi
bersandar esiduecalledcoir
pi
th.Freshwat erretti
ngisusedf orfull
yri
pecoconut
husks,andsaltwat erretti
ngisusedf orgreenhusk s.

23
 RETTI
NG

HI
STORYOFRETTI
NG TRADI
TIONALRETTI
NG
Theout
ercover
ingofcoconutf
rui
tisk
nownashusk
.
•Husksaresuspendedi
nbr
ack
ishwaterf
or6-1
1months
Thehuskcompri
sesoft
hreepartsnamely,cover
ingwith tosepar
atefi
bresfr
om t
hematri
xbydi
ssol
vi
ngt he
aleat
her
lypeel
onthesurf
ace,coi
rfi
bresandcoirpi
th. pecti
n.

Ther
ati
ooff
ibr
est
opi
thi
sgener
all
y1:
2

•
Damaget otheenvi
ronmentbecauseofrel
easeofgreenhousegases.
drudger
y PROBLEMS OF TRADI
TI
ONAL
andhealthhazardi
nvolvedint
heprocessofdi
ppingandtaki
ngoutthehuskand
subsequentl
ybeati
ngt hosebywoodenmal l
etsbywomenwor k
ers. RETTI
NG PROCESS
.

T
ANKRETTI
NG SPRAYRETTI
NG
•

Afasterprocessofr ett
ingintheRCCt anksusingabacter
ial Coirr
ett
reatmentpr
ocessf
urthersi
mpli
fi
edt
odew
cocktai
lnamedas‘ Coir
ret
’whichtakesonlythreemonthsto rett
ingbysprayi
ngon t
hemechani cal
l
yext
racted
carr
youtr ett
ingofcoconuthusk s fi
bres al ong with ur ea and det ergent
.
.
•Themechani cal
lyextractedfi
brebundlestreatedwi
ththe •Retti
ng pr
ocess can be compl
eted i
n 24 hour
s
Coir
retcanpr oducet herettedquali
tyoffi
bresinaper
iodof wit
hzer oef
fl
uent
seventytwohour s. .
•Thisi
snotpopulartoday.
•An ef
fl
uenttreat
mentprocesshasal
sobeen devel
oped
bythei
nsti
tut
esot hatt
het
reatedwat
ercanber
ecycledf
or
ret
ti
ng.

24
 BEATI
NG

Tradi
ti
onall
y,wor kers beatt he ret
t ed pulp wi th
wooden mal l
etsto separatet he f
ibersfrom t he
pithandt heout erski
n.Inrecentyear s,mot ori
zed
machineshave been devel oped wi thfl
atbeat er
armsoper at
ing i
nsi
de steeldrums.Separ ation of
the br
ist
lef i
bersisaccompl i
shed byhand ori na
machineconsi sti
ngofar ot
at i
ngdrum f it
tedwi th
st
eel spik
es. .

• CLEANI
NG

Separat
ion ofthe mat tr
essf i
bersf r
om the pi
this
completed by washi ng t he r esi
due from t he
defi
beri
ngpr ocessandcombi ngt hr
oughitbyhand
ortumblingitin aperfor
ateddr um orsieve.Fi
bres
arecl
eanedwi t
hfreshwat er,
removi ngdi
rt
,enymes
and impuri
ties.They aret hen sun dri
ed and are
readyforr
opemak ing

25
SPI
NNI
NG

Using the manualspi nni

ng wheel ,the fi
breis
accumul atedinahand- madepouchaf fi
xedtothe
waistoft he art
isan and t wo twi
sted f
ibrethr
eads
are spun t o mak e t he t wine mor e thi
ck.
The women ar tisans wal kbackward and plythe
thr
ead by concur r
ently handl
ing bot
ht he thr
eads
withbotht hehandst omak et hetwineofunifor
m
thi
ckness.Fi
nall
y,t he twine i
sat t
ached by r .
ubbi
ng
the two t wines t ogethertof orm al ong twine.

BLEACHI
NG

Bleaching ofcoirfi
bresand yar ni sundertaken to
obtain l i
ghter col our ed f ibres and mor e
commer ci
all
y attr
active products.Coi ryarns and
fi
bresar ebleachedenhancet heper f
ormanceand
appealoft he products( f
orexampl e,format sand
mat ti
ng).Bleachi
ng pr ovi
des fort he producti
on of
l
ightershades off i
bres and yar ns,and t he fi
bres
produced wi l
lbe l i
ght yellow inst ead of brown.
Sever al
huesand( past el
)shadesofdyedcoi rcanbe
obtained when the coir i s bl eached.

26
 DYEI
NG

Coiryarnisfir
stbleachedbysoak i
ngi ntohotwat erand
bleachingagent s(chemi cal).Thehotwat eri
sgener ated
by using convent i
onalchul ha.Af terbleachi ng,dyei ng
processoft hecoi ryar ni scar ri
edoutt ocol orsthecoi r
yearast he design requi rement s.Af t
ercompl etion of
dyeingpr ocess,wat erisr emovedf orcoiryar nthrough
centri
fugesact i
onandt hendr i
edinnat uralsunli
ghtf or
removi ng moi sture cont ent. The
dyed and dr ied yarni s wounded on bobbi ns i
nt he
spooli
ng machi nesand i st ak en to war ping machi ne
and final
ly coiryarni s pr ocessed i n powerl oom t o
producecoi rmat ti
ngs.

• FI
NISHI
NG

Brist l
ef i
ber st hat wi llnot immedi at ely be f urther
processed ar er oll
ed and t i
ed intol oose bundl es f or
stor ageorshi pment .Moremechani zedpr oducer smay
useahydr auli
cpr esst ocreatecompactbal es.Similarl
y,
mat tressf ibersmaysi mplybebal edwi th ahydr aulic
press. However , i
fmor eprocessi
ngi sdesi red,thefiber s
arecombedwi thmechani calormanualcar dingt ools,
thenl oosel ytwi stedi ntoat hi
ckyar n(wi ck)
,andwound
i
ntobundl es. Lat er,thewi ckcanber e- spuni ntoaf i
ner
yar n.Techni quesvar yfrom simplehandspi nningt ouse
ofahand- oper atedspi nningwheel oraf ul
lyaut omat ed
spinni ngmachi ne.Dependi ngoni tsint endedf i
naluse,
the yar n may be shi pped to customer s,ormul tiple
strands may be t wi sted i
ntot wine and bundl ed f or
shipment .Bot h t raditi
onalmanualt echniques and
newermechani calmet hodsar e used t o braidtwi ne
intor opeandt oweaveyar ni nt omat sornet s.

27
28
 CHEMI
CALS
USED

HYDRGENPEROXI
DE:
Becauseofenvi ronment alconcer n,the
useofchl orinedi oxi
debasedbl eaching
stages has been el i
mi nat ed in most
i
ndust ri
al bleachi ng pr ocedur es.The
i
nter esti
nt otal
lychlor i
nef reebl eaching
processeshasl edt ot hedevel opment
ofper oxi
debasedbl eaching.Hydr ogen
peroxideisauni versalbleachi ngagent ,
whi chischeapandcanbeusedsaf ely.
However , hydrogen per oxide i s an
i
rri
tant for t he eyes and r espir
atory
system,and i ti simpor tantt o adopt
safetymeasur est opr otectwor kersin
thebl eachi
ngpl ant .Theot herchemi cal
used f orbleachi ng is sodi um si l
icate.
The chemi cal
s ar e pr ocured f rom
All
aepeyt own
.

FI
BREMAGI
CTREATMENT
•
The f i
bre t reatment pr ocess was
furtherimpr ovedusi ngan eco- fr
iendly
Auxi -
softener‘ K’and Tamar ind extract
i
nt hespr ay.
•
Itisazer oef f
luentpr ocessandt he
treatmentcanbecompl et
edi n12
hour s.
•
Thi s simple pr ocess wi l
l help t he
i
ndust ryinget t i
nggoodqual it
yoff ibre
having sof t
ness and br ightness.

29
 STORAGEFORTHECHEMI
CALS

COI
RYARNS COI
RYARNS
GETTI
NGBLEACHED GETTI
NGBLEACHED

30
31
Aspert hevariousindust
rysourcesatotalof242uni t
s
are spread acr oss All
epy, but as per i ndust r
y
associat
ionsincethemaj orraw material-coi
rfi
breis
scarceinKeralaanumberofuni t
sarefacingshortage
ofmat eri
al
.

Theuni t
sar elar
gelyoperati
nginasi ngleshif
tbutof
str
etchedtimingsof1 0hr
s,andthereisseasonal i
tyi.
e.
thepeakseasonf orthefi
nishedproductsisNovember
toDecemberast hemaj orcustomer sareForeigners.
Majori
ty ofthe units ar
e noti n operati
on for2/ 3/
mont hs duri
ng the monsoon season due t or aw
mat er
ialpr
oblems.

The majorequipmentis shear

ing machi ne,sewing
machine,powerloom,i
nsomei nstancescer t
ainunit
s
al
so have a boi
lerbuti
t’
sin only a couple ofuni
ts.

32
33
 TRADI
TI
ONAL
SPI
NNI
NG RATTS

37
Ati
nyelectr
oni
cal
l
yoper
atedr
attwasi
ntr
oducedwhi
chi
sver
ycompactandef
fi
ci
ent
f
orspi
nning.

38
43
44
NATURALLYDYED
COI
R MATS
COI
RPI
TH ONI
ON

MARI
GOLD CURCUMA

45
46
47
48
Coir mat ti
ng i s pur chased f rom t he open
mar ketandmanual lycutt ot her equi redsizes
of2t o 3f eet.Rubber ,cl
ay,sul phur ,TMTand
rubbercont ainedoi laremi xedi nt her equired
proporti
ons and t he mi xt ure i s mi xed
vigor
ousl yint hemi xingmi l
l
.Thent her ubber
compound i s pr ocessed i nt he cal endar i
ng
machi nef ormaki ngr ubbersheet s.
Ther ubber
sheetsar e cuti nt othe r equired si zesasper
the required size and ar e bonded wi th coir
mat satt hebot tom si deandk eptonapl ate.
The platei spr essed i n hotpr ess,wher et he
temper ature of 80 oC i s mai nt ained by
electr
ical heat er and pr essed wi th t he
hydraulicpressandt hef i
nal producti spack ed
forsale.

49
50
51
value
chain
husk to fi
bre
FI
BRE TO PI
TH
HUSK TO Y
ARN
 SWOT
ANALY
SIS
61
62
 PRESENT STATUS

Thegol denf i
brewhi chspr eadKer ala’sfame Comi ng towar ds the present scenario of
far and wi de,empl oying near l
yf ive lak h exportsfrom Kerala,thought herehasbeen
peopl ei nt hest ateandpl ayingapi vot alrole a
i
n devel oping i t
s economy,i sl osing i ts substanti
algrowt hinexpor tofcoirproducts
sheen fr
om Ker ala,therei s a drop i
nt he actual
. quant i
tyofcoirexported.Thequant i
tyofcoir
Thecoi rindust r
yhasst artedbi ddingadi eut o used in coir products has decr eased as
the Ker ala f or reasons l ik
e - t r
ade 60 percentoft he mat eri
alused in PVC
unioni sm,hi gh wages and gover nment ’
s tuft
edcoi rmatandr ubber i
sedcoirmatar e
unf r
iendl ypol i
cies.Almostal lbi gcompani es non-coirproducts.
i
nt he indust r
yhave opened uni tsi n Tami l
Nadu and ar e increasingly shi fti
ng t hei r Apartfr
om thi
s,t heyoungergenerat
ionhas
base to the neighbour i
ng stat e. no i
nteresttof urtherconti
nue i
nthe coir
Leadi ng expor tersli
ke N C John and Sons, sect
or.Thus,a veryf ew amountofpeople
has opened a huge f acili
ty f or would actual
ly t ake this work f
orward.
manuf acturi
ng t ufted coi r mat si n Tami l
Nadu whi l
e Tr avancor e Mat s and Mat ti
ngs I
n these coir soci
eti
es,they have both
has handl
oomsaswel laspowerlooms,butdue
startedoper ati
onsatBhavani .A uni toft he t o
Travancor e Coco Tuf t has begun unavai
l
abi
li
ty ofthe worker
st o workon a
funct i
oni ng in Tirunelvel
i.Ker ala Bal ers has powerl
oom, t
hosemachi nesar ekepti
nthe
started a uni tin Kanyak umar iwhi let he godowns and ot her st orage areas.
Aspi nwal l and Co Tr avancor e Lt d has
mi gratedt oPol lachi.
InTami l
Nadu, thel abour
costi sver ylow.

Thegover nmentt her ei

sverysuppor ti
veand
the process of getti
ng an
i
ndust ry sanct
ion i
s hassl e-f
ree.
I
nk erala,the gover nmenthas deci ded t o
provide PVC t uf
t i
ng machi nes t o t he
societies
which wi llcreatean unhealthycompet i
tion
between t he expor thouses and t he coir
societies. These expor t houses have
i
nvest ed huge amount s for set t
ing up
fact
or i
es and t he cooperati
ve societies are
setti
ng up t he same ut il
i
ty usi ng
gover nment subsidy.
63
wea
vers'profi
le
64
65
 Q U E S T IO N N A IR E
FORTHEW EAVERS

66
67
FORTHEOFFI
CIALS
Raw Mat
eri
alsandPr
ici
ng
•W hattypeofraw mater
ials(Yarn)youuseforproducti
on?
•Fr
om wher eraw materi
alsarepur chased?
•Anyproblem i
ngetti
ngavailabil
i
tyofraw mat er
ial
s?
2.
8.
5W hataboutt hequali
tyofRaw Mat er
ial
s&quant i
tytoobt
ainr
aw mat
eri
als

Mar
ket
ing
•W hereyoumar ketusual l
yyourproduct?
•W hatareyourusual majorproduct
s?
•Haveyouest abl
i
shedanybul kmar ketli
nkages?
•W hetheryouhavepar ti
ci
patedanyt r
adef ai
rs?
•How youareaddr essi
ngthebul kor
derrequir
ementofbi
gor
der
s?

Cr
edi
tLi
nkages
•W hetheryouneedcredi
tfr
om Banks?
•Areyouget t
ingr
egul
arcredi
tfr
om banks?
•I
fyes,whatk i
ndofpr
oblemsyouarefacingfr
om bank
s?
•Fr
om wher eyouusuall
ygetti
ngcr
edit
?&f orwhi
ch?&W hati
stheamount
?

Level
ofVal
ueaddi
ti
on
•W hattypesofval
ueadditi
onarecommonl yusedinHLf
abri
cs?
•Fr
om wher eyououtsourcethi
sservi
ce?
•W hatarethetechni
quesyoucanlearnthoughtr
aini
ngi
nputs?

Occupat
ional
Hazar
ds
•Areyoufaci
nganyhealt
hprobl
emsfr
om HLweavi
ngacti
vit
y?
•I
fso,whattypesofyouwouldl
i
ket
ocarr
youtal
ter
nat
ivel
y?

Soci
alI
ssues(Educat
ion,
Heal
th)

•How farawayt hepr i

mar yheal thCenter
?
•Haveyouaccessofdr i
nki
ngwat er?&sanit
ati
on?
•Basi
cInfrast
ructureper t
ainingtothearea
•W hatkindofcommoni nfrastr
uctureyouneedforyourbusi
nessdevel
opment
?
•Areyouabl etocont r
ibutepar t
ici
pator
yamount ?
•W hatkindofinfr
astructuralbottl
enecksyouarefaci
ng?
•How youar eplanningt oovercomei t?
 EXPERI
ENCE

Theteam consistedof9peopl efrom ninedi f

fer
entpar t
sofindiacomi ng
togetherf
orthiscl
usterproj
ectonal l
eppy. Asallofuswer efrom dif
ferent
backgroundseachper sonhadauni queper specti
veoncer t
aint hi
ngs.The
i
deaoft hispr
ojectwast obringtogetheragr oupofpeopl ewhocoul d
generateinf
ormat i
onandevendocumentaboutapl acewhose
document ati
onhasn'tbeendoneyet .Theent i
redocument si nf
ormat i
on
hasbeenwr i
tt
enf r
om scratchandt hisprojecthasgivenallofusa
chapterofexperi
enceinourl i
ves.
BI
BLI
OGRAPHY
www.
coi
rboar
d.gov.
i
n

www.
al
apuzha.
ni
c.
in