NAVIGATION SYSTEM

It is system which is used for plotting , ascertaining or directing the

course of an aircraft.
It has following divisions :-
(A) ADF(Automatic Direction Finder).
(B) GPS(Global Positioning System).
(C) ILS(Instrument Landing System).
(D) VOR(VHF Omni Directional Range).

AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDER

ADF(ARC-610A)

PURPOSE
Automatic direction finding (ADF) is an electronic aid to
navigation that identifies the relative bearing of an aircraft from a
radio beacon working in the frequency range of 190.0KHz to
1700.0KHz.

FUNCTION
ADF consists of a loop aerial which is rotated physically or
electronically and detects the direction of minimum reception
from the beacon relative to the aircraft direction. This information
can be used directly to home to the beacon; alternatively, the
aircraft equipment combines the relative bearing with heading
information from the aircraft compass to provide bearing position
lines which may be plotted on a chart.
 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
(GPS)
PURPOSE
This section provides information on GPS KLN 900 and its main
components. The GPS KLN 900 system consist of an antenna and a
receiver unit.

FUNCTION
The primary function of the system is to acquire signal from the GPS
system satellites, recover orbital data, make ranges & Doppler
measurement and process this information in real time to obtain the user
position, velocity & time. The KLN 900 also has ample I/O capacity, to
provide installation compatibility with most aircraft and allowing you to
limit the number of adapters needed in your aircraft.

Technical Specifications :-
Power Required- 11-33 VDC at 3.3 A max.
Max. Altitude- 50,000 ft
 INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM (ILS)
PURPOSE
An Instrument Landing System (ILS) enables pilots to conduct
an instrument approach to landing if they are unable to establish visual
contact with the runway.

FUNCTION
An instrument landing system operates as a ground-based instrument
approach system that provides precision lateral and vertical guidance to
an aircraft approaching and landing on a runway, using a combination of
radio signals and, in many cases, high-intensity lighting arrays to enable
a safe landing during instrument meteorological conditions(IMC), such
as low ceilings or reduced visibility due to fog, rain, or blowing snow.
 VHF OMNI DIRECTIONAL RANGE(VOR)
PURPOSE
Very High Frequency (VHF) Omni-Directional Range(VOR) is a
type of short-range radio navigation system for aircraft, enabling aircraft
with a receiving unit to determine its position and stay on course by
receiving radio signals transmitted by a network of fixed ground radio
beacons. It uses frequencies in the very high frequency(VHF) band from
108.00 to 117.95 MHz.

FUNCTION
A VOR ground station sends out an omnidirectional master signal, and a
highly directional second signal is propagated by a phased antenna array
and rotates clockwise in space 30 times a second. This signal is timed so
that its phase (compared to the master) varies as the secondary signal
rotates, and this phase difference is the same as the angular direction of
the 'spinning' signal. By comparing the phase of the secondary signal
with the master, the angle (bearing) to the aircraft from the station can
be determined. This line of position is called the "radial" from the VOR.
The intersection of radials from two different VOR stations can be used
to fix the position of the aircraft, as in earlier radio direction
finding (RDF) systems.