STI COLLEGE FAIRVIEW

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter presents the introduction, statement of the problem, hypothesis,

theoretical framework, conceptual framework, significance of the study, scope and

limitations, and the definition of terms used.

Introduction

In our generation, it's very common to us to be helped by technology. Not just in our

computer-related things but also on our daily lives. It's because our generation is now too

"high-tech" that in every turn of one's head. You'll spot technology. It may have its side

effects or things that doesn't help us in some ways like the pollution and man-made things that

are dramatically getting low. But it indeed helped us more than it harms us.

Its evolution is very beneficial to us, humans. When it comes to medical level,

technology helps so many sick people and consequently save many live and combat very

harmful viruses and bacteria but the computers' invention was a very important thing. It

enhanced our communication, companies can communicate more easily with foreign countries

thus research is also simplified.

Technology increased the productivity of almost all the industry in the world, from the

smallest things to the large ones. We can even pay with bitcoins instead of using banks,

factories that are computer-made is now helping so many people with their works, security of

the people is improved and so many advantages that technology gives us.

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Background of the Study

Education is one of the main corner-stones for economic development and

improvement of human welfare. As global economic competition grows stiffer, education

becomes an important source of competitive advantage as it is linked to economic growth and

ways for countries to attract investment and hence jobs (Srivatsava 2002). Education further

appears to be one of the major determinants of sustainable life-long earnings. So learning

through gadgets anytime and anywhere will be helpful especially in today's generation,

gadgets are used as a daily tool. Online Learning is an interaction process between students

and study material in teaching learning process. The media and the method of learning process

in transferring the material will be an important factor to get the best result.

There are different kinds of methods of delivery to students, one of them is the online

method. The online method is access of education through phones, tablets, laptops, and etc.

while the role of student is read carefully, and noted of which presented by the teacher

(Surahmad, 2003). The online method has disadvantage that teachers cannot interact with

students so teachers cannot know with certainty how far students understand about the

material (Muhammad, 2011).

Many governments have been promoting the use of Information Communication

Technologies (ICT) in education, particularly to expand access to and improve the quality of

education. At the same time, globalization and shift to a knowledge-based economy requires

that education. ICTs have been identified as a means to attain these objectives (School Net

Africa 2003).

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E-learning has completely transformed the way in which learning is imparted to

students. Unlike traditional chalk and board method of teaching, e-learning makes learning

simpler, easier, and more effective. Today's learners want relevant, mobile, self-paced, and

personalized content. This need is fulfilled with the online mode of learning; here, students

can learn at their own comfort and requirement. Unlike classroom teaching, with online

learning you can access the content an unlimited number of times. This is especially required

at the time of revision when preparing for an exam. In traditional form of learning, if you

cannot attend the lecture, then you have to prepare for that topic on your own; in e-learning,

you can attend the lectures whenever you want with ease (Gupta, S., 2017).

Traditional learning environments are more rigorous. A person can be physically

present in the classroom, but mentally absent, and no one would know. But in an online

environment, especially during live discussions, each participant has to be mentally present to

progress towards the learning goal of the discussion. Let alone the fact that most learners

express themselves better in text form than in verbal form. The quality of discussion might

also prove to be greater than live discussion, simply due to the fact that we reveal more and

form better ideas, when we write. A greater deal of self-direction and discipline is required for

a successful online education. (Andriotis, N., 2016).

A traditional classroom setting requires physical presence and communication skills.

But an online environment requires technical experiences. Learners should be able to

navigate, evaluate and create information using a variety of technologies. They should be able

to use basic word and numerical processing software. While this does not mean that the

learner should be fluent in programming languages, they are required to adapt to emerging
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applications and information management trends readily. Online instructor should provide

tutorials on how to use an emerging technology tool that is required to create an assignment.

The instructor can also offer several software options to choose from in order to create the

assignment. Successful online students are prepared for the dynamic technical environment

and strive to enhance their expertise in using technical tools (Masoumi, 2010).

Online learning have been widely explored by many researchers, and lots of studies

were focused on examining technology as well as their functions in the education system.

Therefore, this research provides information on what e-learning can contribute in today's

education and how it will help the development of student's learning through gadgets. We will

also know the difference of learning through the traditional ways (books) from using e-

learning. The importance of this research is that as gadgets are used daily we may use it to

learn and be educated.

Statement of the Problem

This study is proposed to determine the comparative analysis of academic performance

between users and non-users of online learner’s manual.

It aims specifically to answer the following questions:

1. How many grade 11 ICT students of STI College Fairview are familiar with online

learners’ manual?

2. Is there a significant difference between users and non-users of online learners’

manual to students’ academic performance?

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3. Base on the findings of the study, what are the possible effects of online learners’

manual to students’ academic performance?

Hypothesis

The researchers made the following hypothesis:

1. There will be greater number of students that are familiar with online learners’

manual.

2. There is a significant difference between users and non-users of on online learners’

manual to students’ academic performance.

3. There are several effects of online learners’ manual to students’ academic

performance.

Theoretical Framework

This study is connected in Discovery Learning Theory proposed by Jerome Bruner (1961),

an American psychologist. This theory promotes learners to construct on past experiences and

knowledge, use their intuition, imagination and creativity, and look for new information to

discover facts, correlations and new truths. The discovery learning educational sessions

should be well-designed, highly experiential and interactive. Instructors should use stories,

games, visual aids and other attention-grabbing techniques that will build curiosity and

interest, and lead learners in new ways of thinking, acting and reflecting.

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The Discovery Learning Theory integrates the following 5 principles namely: a) Problem

solving, which instructors should guide and motivate learners to seek for solutions by

combining existing and newly acquired information and simplifying knowledge. b) Learner

management, which instructors should allow learners to work either alone or with others, and

learn at their own pace. c) Integrating and connecting, which instructors should teach learners

how to combine prior knowledge with new, and encourage them to connect to the real world.

Familiar scenarios become the basis of new information, encouraging learners to extend what

they know and invent something new. d) Information analysis and interpretation, which

learners learn to analyze and interpret the acquired information, rather than memorize the

correct answer. Lastly, e) Failure and feedback, that says discovery learning does not focus on

finding the right end result, but the new things we discover in the process. And it’s the

instructor’s responsibility to provide feedback, since without it learning is incomplete.

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Online Learners’ Manual

Discovery Learning

Problem Integrating and Failure and

Solving Connecting Feedback

Information
Learner
Analysis and
Management
Interpretation

Figure 1. Theoretical Framework

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Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Number of
students who are
familiar with
online learner’s  Comparative
manual.  Preparation of the analysis of
 Significant questionnaire academic
difference  Conducting of performance
between users and surveys between users and
non-users of on  Collecting the non-users of
online learners’ data online learner’s
manual to  Gathering and manual in Grade
students’ interpreting the 11 students of STI
academic data College Fairview
performance.  Analyzing the academic year
 Possible effects of results 2019-2020
online learners’
manual to
students’
academic
performance.

Figure 2.

The diagram above shows how this will be done. It shows the series of frames that are

associated to each other. Frame 1 represents the input, Frame 2 represents the process and

Frame 3 represents the output.

The input contains the research problem or statement of the problem. The process

contains the preparation of questionnaire, conducting of survey, collecting data, gathering and

interpreting the data, and analyzing the results. The output contains the result of the study.

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Significance of the Study

This study is significant to the following:

Students, through this research, may know the difference of the academic

performance between users and non-users of online learner’s manual.

Teachers, may use this research to know which of the two learning materials are

effective for the students.

Future Researchers, may find this study as a guide in conducting their own study

relatable in this matter.

Scope and Limitations

This study is focused on the comparison of Grade 11 students’ academic performance

between users and non-users of online learner’s manual in STI College Fairview during the

academic year 2019-2020. This study will focus on responsiveness of 30 students.

Definition of Terms

For a better understanding of this study, the following terms are defined with basis and

concisely.

Bitcoin, is a form of digital currency – a new form of money, essentially – that is

tradable throughout the world.

E-learning, is a learning system based on formalized teaching but with the help of

electronic resources.

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High-tech, is a technology requiring the most sophisticated scientific equipment and

advanced machines and methods.

Information Communication Technologies (ICT), refers to all the technology used

to handle telecommunications, broadcast media, intelligent building management systems,

audiovisual processing and transmission systems, and network-based control and monitoring

functions.

Online learning, is an education that takes place over the Internet and it is often

referred to as “e-learning” among other terms.

Technology, refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific

knowledge being used for practical purposes.

Traditional learning, is a typical face-to-face learning interactions that occur in a

physical location, such as on a college campus.

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REFERENCES

Allen M.W (2003) Guide to e-learning; Building interactive, fun and effective learning for

any company.

Bruner, J. S. (1961). The act of discovery. Harvard educational review.

Bruner, J. S. (2009). The process of education. Harvard University Press.

Cuban (2001) Oversold and under used computers in the classroom. Harvard University Press.

Duplessis A. (2010). Teachers’ perception about their own and their school readiness for

computer implementation: South Africa Case Study. Turkish Online Journal of Education.

GoK (2006) National information and Communication Technology (ICT) Strategy for

education and training. Government Printers.

Pappas, C. (2014). Instructional Design Models and Theories: The Discovery Learning

Model.

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