Pressure

 The force exerted by a fluid per unit area

 Force / Area
 UNITS:
1 Pa = 1 N/m2 = 10−5 bar = 9.8692×10−6 atm =
7.5006×10−3 torr =145.04×10−6 psi
 NOTE: for fluids, gases and liquids – pressure
 For solids – stress
 The actual pressure at a given position is called
absolute pressure, and it is measured relative to
absolute vacuum.
 Gauge pressure = absolute pressure –
atmospheric pressure
Atmospheric Pressure - the pressure exerted by
the weight of the atmosphere.
Unless mentioned, atmospheric pressure is equal
to 101.325 kPa, 1013.25 mbar, equivalent to 760
mmHg, 29.9212 inches Hg, or 14.696 psi) Also
called barometric pressure.
Gauge Pressure - Gauge pressure is
the pressure measured with respect to
atmospheric pressure; A negative gage
pressure indicates vacuum.
Absolute Pressure - total pressure at a point in a
fluid equaling the sum of the gauge and the
atmospheric pressures.
 Density = mass/volume
 Specific volume = 1 / density
 Specific weight = density x g
For water:
nominal values of density is equal to 1000kg/cubic
meter or 62.4 lbm/cubic ft
Specific weight 9810 N/cubic meter or 62.4 lbf/cubic
ft.
For air:
density =1.21 kg./cubic meter or 0.0755 lbm/cubic ft
Specific weight = 11.86 N/cubic meter or 0.0755
lbf/cubic ft.
Pabs = Pgage + Patm
 Bourdon Tube - A device that measures
pressure using mechanical deformation.
 Pressure Transducers - devices that use
piezoelectrics to measure pressure.
 Barometer – a device tht measures
atmospheric pressure. It is a manometer with
a near vacuum on one end.
 Express a pressure gage reading of 35 psi in
absolute pascals.
 The mass of air in a room 3x5x20m is known
to be 350 kg. Determine the density, specific
volume and specific weight.