17.june16 Experimental Comparison of Single and Multistage Air Compressor Efficiencies Under The Same Receiver Tank Pressure

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AIJRRLJSM VOLUME 1, ISSUE 6 (2016, JUNE) (ISSN-2455-6300) ONLINE

ANVESHANA'S INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING
AND APPLIED SCIENCES ANVESHANA'S INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL...
Research · December 2016

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.34826.26564
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ANVESHANA’S INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF SINGLE AND MULTISTAGE

AIR COMPRESSOR EFFICIENCIES UNDER THE SAME RECEIVER
TANK PRESSURE
1
P.V.RAMANA & 2D.RAMBABU
1
Associate professor-Mechanical Engineering Department
2
Asst. professor-Mechanical Engineering Department
CVR College of Engineering - Hyderabad (T.S)-India
ABSTRACT cylinder say L.P cylinder and allow this

Compressors are widely used for many engineering pressurized air to another cylinder say
applications in day to day life. Compressors are Intermediate cylinder (IP) and develop Higher
classified based on design as reciprocating and pressure higher than the LP cylinder and allow
rotary compressors, Reciprocating compressors this pressurized air in another cylinder say HP
are single acting ,double acting ,air cooled ,water cylinder and develop more pressure then
cooled and single stage ,multistage ,depends on intermediate cylinder finally highly developed
application of usage. It is clear by theory as given pressurized air is delivered to the end user
by author’s multistage compressors having
applications. This is possible by going for
advantage over single stage compressors but
multi stage cylinder compressor. This paper
practically not aware to what extent the variations
in efficiencies are taking place and exact
focused on conducting the experiment on
experimental figures in that area not focused with compressors to find what differences made
clarity. So here focus is given to conduct when using single and multistage compressor
experiment on both single stage and multi stage in efficiencies and comparing its experimental
compressors at the different receiver tank pressure. results for giving the conclusions for the
Obtained readings are calculated for the same usage.
receiver tank pressure and then comparing the
results for both the compressors. To know the 2.0 EXPERIMENTAL SET UP OF
variations in efficiencies of both compressors SINGLE STAGE COMPRESSOR
results are tabulated and compared to find out the
efficiencies for better understanding the subject. The details of the experimental setup of single
stage reciprocating Air compressor is as
Keywords: single stage compressor, multistage follows
compressor, LP cylinder, HP cylinder, volumetric
efficiency, isothermal efficiency.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Reciprocating air compressors are widely used

to get high discharge pressure. To get high
discharge pressure single stage compressor has
to work against high compression ratio in
terms of pressure so to withstand high
compression ratio body of compressor also be
made robust in construction . It will add more
weight to compressor and also leads many
mechanical problems because it is working for
the development of high pressure in single
cylinder and also it is not suitable because of
this reasons when to go for developing high
delivery pressure for industrial applications. Fig1: single stage reciprocating Air
So alternative is increasing the delivery compressor
pressure in number of cylinders step by step
and reducing the weight of the compressor.
first developing pressure in one cylinder of
EMAIL ID: anveshanaindia@gmail.com , WEBSITE: www.anveshanaindia.com
28
Specifications of the compressor: Ta = Ambient Temperature of air

P1 = suction pressure of air
Make : ELGI P2 = discharge (cylinder outlet) pressure
Type : Reciprocating Type
Stage : single stage
3.1 Sample calculations for Reading -1
Cylinder : single cylinder
Bore : 60 mm
at 2 bar pressure
Stroke length : 60 mm
Motor rating : 2 HP Sample calculations for Reading -1
Motor speed : 1420 RPM
Compressor speed : 930 RPM Volume of air sucked in to the cylinder
Electric supply : 415V/380V, 3ph, 50
HZ Va =Cd x Ao x x 3600 M3/hr
Type of starter : DOl
Belt size : B40 Where H = x = 16.825 meters
Type of lubrication : splash
Type of cooling : Air cooled
Va =0.62 x 1.767 x10-4 x x
Type of fan : forced draught
3600 = 7.1656 M3/hr
3.0 SINGLE STAGE COMPRESSOR Theoretical volume of air
Table1: table of Readings of single stage
compressor as follows
Vth = d2xLxNx60 M3/hr
S Rec Suc Disc Suctio Disc S Man Ti
. eiv tio harg n harge pe omet me Vth = x0.062 x0.06 x876x60= 8.9165 M3/hr
N er n e Temp Tem ed er per
O Tan Pre pres eratur perat R Read 10
k ssu Volumetric efficiency
sure e T1 0 ure P ing(h Re
Pre re
P2(b C T2 0 M )mm vol
ssur P1(
ars) C uti
ηvol = x 100
e bar
(bar s) on
s) s- ηvol = x 100 = 80.3%
sec
Compression ratio Rp = = = 3.8
1 2 1 3.8 24 109 8 20 6.7 Piso = max RaxT1 x ln(Rp)

7 8
6. Where ma = Va x
0
2 4 1 6.4 24 125 8 15 6.5
7 =density of air
2.
2 ma = 7.1656 x 1.1887 =8.5117 M3/hr
3 6 1 8.4 24 136 8 14 6.0
6 Piso = max RaxT1 x ln(Rp)
9.
3 Piso = x 0.287xT1 (273+24)x ln(3.8)
=0.269 KW
T1 = suction Temperature of air entering in
to the cylinder As per the relation (temperature, pressure and
T2 = discharge Temperature of air leaving
volume) for polytrophic process =
the compressor
29
ln( ) = x ln(3.8) Theoretical volume of air

= = 0.1885
Vth = 8.877 M3/hr
I.P = x max RaxT1 1]
Volumetric efficiency
ηvol = x 100
I.P = x x 0.287x297
1] =0.302 KW ηvol = 70.46%
Power input to Motor (Pm ) Compression ratio Rp = = 6.4
Pm = Piso = max RaxT1 x ln(Rp)
Where 3200 = Energy meter constant Where ma = Va x
Pm = = 1.659 KW =density of air

Power input to compressor Pc = Pm x 0.8
ma = 7.4365 M3/hr
Pc = 1.659 x 0.8 =
1.327 Kw
Piso = max RaxT1 x ln(Rp)
Mechanical efficiency = x 100
Piso =0.326 KW
= x 100 =
22.75 % As per the relation (temperature, pressure and

Overall efficiency = x 100
= x 100 = ln( ) = x ln(6.4)
20.27 %
= 0.15768
Isothermal efficiency = x 100
= x 100 = 89
%
I.P =0.3796 KW
3.2 Similarly Sample calculations for Power input to Motor (Pm )
Reading -2 at 4 bar pressure
Pm =
Volume of air sucked in to the cylinder
Va =Cd x Ao x x 3600 M3/hr Where 3200 = Energy meter constant
Where H = 12.618 meters Pm = 1.7307 KW
Va = 6.256 M3/hr Power input to compressor Pc = Pm x 0.8

30
Pc = 1.7307 x 0.8 Piso =0.359 KW

= 1.384 Kw
As per the relation (temperature, pressure and
= 27.41 %
ln( ) = x ln(8.4)
= 23.5 %
= 0.1503
= 85.8% I.P = x max RaxT1 1]
I.P =0.423 KW
3.3 Similarly Sample calculations for
Reading -3 at 6 bar pressure Power input to Motor (Pm )
Volume of air sucked in to the cylinder Pm =
Va =Cd x Ao x x 3600 M3/hr Where 3200 = Energy meter constant
Where H = 11.77 meters Pm = 1.875 KW
Va = 5.995 M3/hr Power input to compressor Pc = Pm x 0.8
Theoretical volume of air Pc = 1.875 x 0.8 =

1.5 Kw
Vth = 8.877 M3/hr
Volumetric efficiency = 28.2 %
ηvol = x 100 Overall efficiency = x 100
ηvol = 67.52 % = 23.9 %
Compression ratio Rp = = 8.4 Isothermal efficiency = x 100
Piso = max RaxT1 x ln(Rp) = 84.8%
Where ma = Va x
=density of air
Ma = 7.126 M3/hr

31
Stroke length : 85mm

3.4 Comparisons table of values for Motor rating : 3 HP
single stage compressor Motor speed : 1420 RPM
Compressor speed : 930 RPM
Table2: table of results Electric supply : 415V/380V, 3ph, 50
HZ
Type of starter : DOl
B ηv Pis IP Pc ηm ηo ηi T R Belt size : A68
a ol o ech vera so 2 P Type of lubrication : splash
r ll M Type of cooling : Air cooled
2 80 0. 0.3 1. 22 20 8 1 87 Type of fan : forced draught
.3 26 02 32 .7 .2 9. 0 6
9 7 5 7 0 9
5.0 MULTISTAGE COMPRESSOR
4 70 0. 0.3 1. 27 23 8 1 87
.4 32 79 38 .4 .5 5. 2 2. Table3: Table of Readings of multistage
6 6 6 4 1 8 5 2 compressor as follows
6 67 0. 0.4 1. 28 23 8 1 86
.5 35 23 5 .2 .9 4. 3 9. Ta P P P M Time RPM T T T T
2 9 8 6 3 nk 1 2 3 a per 5 1 2 3 4
Pr n revol
Comparison shows as pressure is increasing ess o ution
volumetric efficiency and isothermal ur m s
efficiency is decreasing but isothermal power e et
increases and also other efficiencies like er
mechanical, overall efficiencies are increases 2 1 0 1 2 42.75 928 2 1 8 8
with increase of the pressure . . 0 8 0 6 8
9 9 0 0
4.0 EXPERIMENTAL SET UP OF 5
MULTISTAGE COMPRESSOR
4 1 1 4 1 36.97 923 2 1 9 1
. . 9 9 1 6 3
0 4 3 4 1
5 5
6 1 1 6 1 34.59 917 2 1 9 1
. . 8 9 1 8 5
1 4 9 4 7
T1 =Temperature of air entering L.P cylinder

T2 =Temperature of air leaving L.P cylinder
T3 =Temperature of air after intercooler and
entering H.P cylinder
T4 = temperature air leaving HP cylinder
Ta = ambient temperature/
P1 = atmosphere pressure 1 bar
Fig2: multistage compressor test rig. P2 = L.P cylinder outlet pressure
P3 = H.P cylinder outlet pressure
Specifications of the compressor:
Make : ELGI
Model : TS 03120 at 2 bar pressure
Type : Reciprocating Type
Stage : two stages Sample calculations for Reading -1
Cylinder : two cylinders
LP cylinder bore : 70 mm Volume of air sucked in to the cylinder
HP cylinder bore : 50 mm Va =Cd x Ao x x 3600 M3/hr
32
Where H = x = 170.517 meters I.P = x max RaxT1 1]
Va =0.62 x 1.767 x10-4 x x I.P = x x 0.287x301

3600 = 22.812 M3/hr
1] =0.430 KW
Theoretical volume of air
Vth = LxNc (A1 + A2) x60 M3/hr Power input to Motor (Pm )
Area of first cylinder-A1= Pm =

Area of first cylinder-A1=
Where 3200 = Energy meter constant
-3 -3
Vth = 0.085x928 (1.9634 x 10 + 3.848 x 10 )
x60 M3/hr Pm = = 2.105 KW
Vth = 27.506 M3/hr Power input to compressor Pc = Pm x 0.8

Pc = 2.105 x 0.8 =
Volumetric efficiency 1.684 Kw
ηvol = x 100
ηvol = x 100 = 82.9%
= x 100 =
Compression ratio Rp = = = 1.9 25.53%

Where ma = Va x
= x 100
=density of air
= 24.47 %
=density of air =
=1.1729 Isothermal efficiency = x 100
ma = 22.812 x 1.729 =26.756 M3/hr

= x 100 =
Piso = max RaxT1 x ln(Rp) 95.9 %

Piso = x 0.287x (273+28)x ln(1.9) at 4 bar pressure
=0.4121 KW
Sample calculations for Reading -2
As per the relation (temperature, pressure and
volume) for polytrophic process = Va =Cd x Ao x x 3600 M3/hr
ln( ) = x ln(1.9) Where H =164.549 meters
Va =0.62 x 1.767 x10-4 x x

= = 0.28317 and n=1.396 3600 = 22.812 M3/hr

33
Theoretical volume of air Pm =

Vth = LxNc (A1 + A2) x60 M3/hr
Area of first cylinder-A1= Pm = 2.434 KW
Vth = 0.085x923 (1.9634 x 10-3 + 3.848 x 10-3) Power input to compressor Pc = Pm x 0.8
x60 M3/hr Pc = 2.434 x 0.8 =
1.947 Kw
Vth = 27.354 M3/hr
ηvol = x 100
= x 100
= 52.09%
ηvol = x 100 = 81.9%
Compression ratio Rp = =4.45

Piso = ma x RaxT1 x ln(Rp) = x 100

= 48.3 %
Where ma = Va x
=density of air Isothermal efficiency = x 100
=density of air =
= x 100 =
=1.1729
92.8 %
3
ma = 22.409 x 1.729 =26.283 M /hr
Piso = max RaxT1 x ln(Rp) 5.3 Sample calculations for Reading -3

at 6 bar pressure
Piso = x 0.287x (273+28)x ln(4.45) Sample calculations for Reading -1

=0.9415 KW
As per the relation (temperature, pressure and Va =Cd x Ao x x 3600 M3/hr
volume) for polytrophic process = Where H = 161.139 meters
Va = 22.175 M3/hr
ln( ) = x ln(4.45)
Theoretical volume of air
= = 0.1971 and n=1.2454 Vth = LxNc (A1 + A2) x60 M3/hr

I.P = 1.0143 KW Vth = 0.085x917 (1.9634 x 10-3 + 3.848 x 10-3)

x60 M3/hr
Power input to Motor (Pm)
Vth = 27.178 M3/hr
34

ηvol = x 100
= 59.6%
ηvol =81.59%
Compression ratio Rp = =
= 55.6 %

= 93.5%
Where ma = Va x
=density of air 5.4 Comparisons of values for multi
=density of air = stage compressor
=1.1729
Table 4: table of results for multistage
compressor
ma = 22.175 x 1.729 =26.009 M3/hr
pre ηv Pis IP Pc η ηo ηi T R
Piso = max RaxT1 x ln(Rp) ssu ol o me vr so 4 P
re ch M
Piso = x 0.287x (273+28)x ln(6.4) 2 8 0. 0. 1. 2 2 9 8 9
2. 41 45 68 6. 4. 1. 9 2
=1.1585 KW 9 21 19 4 8 4 1 8
As per the relation (temperature, pressure and 7
4 8 0. 1. 1. 5 4 8 1 9
volume) for polytrophic process = 1. 94 09 94 6. 8. 6. 3 2
9 15 4 7 1 3 0 1 3
ln( ) = x ln(6.4) 2 6
6 8 1. 1. 2. 6 5 8 1 9
1. 15 33 08 4. 5. 6. 5 1
= 0.1921 and n=1.2377 5 85 7 15 2 6 6 7 7
9 3
I.P = x max RaxT1 1] Comparison shows as pressure is increasing
volumetric efficiency and isothermal
I.P =1.2377 KW efficiency is decreasing but isothermal power
and indicated power increases and also other
Power input to Motor (Pm) efficiencies like mechanical, overall
efficiencies increases with increase of the
Pm = pressure. It was observed this is same in both
cases of single and multi stage compressor
5.5 Comparisons tables for single stage
Pm = 2.6019 KW and multi stage compressors
Power input to compressor Pc = Pm x 0.8

Pc = 2.6019 x 0.8
= 2.0815 Kw

35
Table: 5 -Comparisons table for single and Table: 6 -Comparisons table for single and
multi stage compressor multistage compressor
Tank IP Tank Pc ηmech ηover

Press Volumetric Piso Pressure
ure Efficiency Single Multi Single Multi Single Multi
stage stage stage stage stage stage
Sin Mul Sin Mult Singl Multi
gle ti gle i e stage
stag stag stag stage stage
e e e 2 1.327 1.684 22.75 26.8 20.27 24.47
2 80.3 82.9 0.20 0.41 0.30 0.451
9 21 2 4 1.384 1.947 27.41 56.1 23.5 48.3
4 70.4 81.9 0.32 0.94 0.37 1.094
6 2 6 15 96 6 1.5 2.0815 28.2 64.23 23.9 55.6
6 67.5 81.5 0.35 1.15 0.42 1.337
2 9 9 85 3
power to compressor
3
volumetric efficiency
2
100
1 Single stage
50 Single stage
0 Multi stage
Multi stage
0 2 4 6
2 4 6
Tank pressure Tank pressure
Isothermal power
mechanical efficiency
1.5
1 100
0.5 Single stage 50
Single stage
0 0
Multi stage Multi stage
2 4 6 2 4 6
Tank pressure Tank pressure
Indicated power overal efficiency

1.5 60
1 40
0.5 Single stage
20 Single stage
0
Multi stage
2 4 6 0 Multi stage
tankpressure 2 4 6
Tank pressure

36
Table: 7 -Comparisons table for single and multistage compressor having higher
multi stage compressor efficiency then the single stage compressor.
Tank Delivery REFERENCES

Pressu ηiso temperatur RPM [1] Internal combustion engines and Air
re e pollution by professor (Dr.) R.Yadav Third
revised edition –central publishing house 18-
Singl Mul Singl Mu Single Mul C, Sarojini Naidu Marge-Allahabad-211001
e ti e lti stage ti
stage stae stage sta stag [2]A Text book of internal combustion
ge e Engines (Including Air compressor, Gas
2 89.0 91.1 109 88 876 928 turbines and Jet propulsions) Unit second
Edition By R.K.Rajput published by Laxmi
4 85.8 86.0 125 13 872.2 923 Publications Pvt Ltd 113, Golden
6 1 house,Daryaganj,New Delhi-110002
6 84.8 86.6 136 15 869.3 917 [3] A Text book of Thermal Engineering by
7 J.K Gupta and R.S.Khurmi
iso thermal efficiency

92
90
88
86
84 Single stage
82 Multi stae
80
2 4 6
Tankpressure
6.0 CONCLUSIONS
It was observed with increase of tank pressure

isothermal power, indicated power mechanical
efficiencies are increasing for both single and
multistage compressors and also observed with
increase of delivery pressure volumetric
efficiency is reducing in both cases. As
temperature of incoming air increasing, the
density of air decreasing and volume of air
sucked in to cylinder increases, it may be the
reason because of less dense of air which may
be entering in to the engine cylinder. On
comparison of volumetric efficiency,
isothermal power indicated power, mechanical
efficiency; isothermal efficiencies are higher
for multistage compressor then the single stage
compressor with marginal rise of power input
to the compressor. We may conclude for
almost same equal power consumption
37
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AIJRRLJSM VOLUME 1, ISSUE 6 (2016, JUNE) (ISSN-2455-6300) ONLINE

Research · December 2016

B.Tech final year project View project

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF SINGLE AND MULTISTAGE

ABSTRACT cylinder say L.P cylinder and allow this

Reciprocating air compressors are widely used

Specifications of the compressor: Ta = Ambient Temperature of air

1 2 1 3.8 24 109 8 20 6.7 Piso = max RaxT1 x ln(Rp)

ln( ) = x ln(3.8) Theoretical volume of air

Vth = d2xLxNx60 M3/hr

Power input to Motor (Pm ) Compression ratio Rp = = 6.4

Pm = Piso = max RaxT1 x ln(Rp)

Where 3200 = Energy meter constant Where ma = Va x

Pm = = 1.659 KW =density of air

volume) for polytrophic process =

Va =Cd x Ao x x 3600 M3/hr Where 3200 = Energy meter constant

Where H = 12.618 meters Pm = 1.7307 KW

Va = 6.256 M3/hr Power input to compressor Pc = Pm x 0.8

ANVESHANA’S INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES

Pc = 1.7307 x 0.8 Piso =0.359 KW

= 85.8% I.P = x max RaxT1 1]

Volume of air sucked in to the cylinder Pm =

Va =Cd x Ao x x 3600 M3/hr Where 3200 = Energy meter constant

Where H = 11.77 meters Pm = 1.875 KW

Va = 5.995 M3/hr Power input to compressor Pc = Pm x 0.8

Theoretical volume of air Pc = 1.875 x 0.8 =

Volumetric efficiency = 28.2 %

ηvol = x 100 Overall efficiency = x 100

ηvol = 67.52 % = 23.9 %

Compression ratio Rp = = 8.4 Isothermal efficiency = x 100

Piso = max RaxT1 x ln(Rp) = 84.8%

Piso = max RaxT1 x ln(Rp)

ANVESHANA’S INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES

Stroke length : 85mm

T1 =Temperature of air entering L.P cylinder

Where H = x = 170.517 meters I.P = x max RaxT1 1]

Va =0.62 x 1.767 x10-4 x x I.P = x x 0.287x301

Area of first cylinder-A1= Pm =

Vth = 27.506 M3/hr Power input to compressor Pc = Pm x 0.8

Piso = max RaxT1 x ln(Rp)

ma = 22.812 x 1.729 =26.756 M3/hr

5.2 Sample calculations for Reading -2

ln( ) = x ln(1.9) Where H =164.549 meters

Va =0.62 x 1.767 x10-4 x x

ANVESHANA’S INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES

Theoretical volume of air Pm =

Compression ratio Rp = =4.45

Piso = ma x RaxT1 x ln(Rp) = x 100

Piso = max RaxT1 x ln(Rp) 5.3 Sample calculations for Reading -3

Piso = x 0.287x (273+28)x ln(4.45) Sample calculations for Reading -1

volume) for polytrophic process = Where H = 161.139 meters

Area of first cylinder-A1=

I.P = 1.0143 KW Vth = 0.085x917 (1.9634 x 10-3 + 3.848 x 10-3)

Mechanical efficiency = x 100

Isothermal efficiency = x 100

Power input to compressor Pc = Pm x 0.8

ANVESHANA’S INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES

Tank IP Tank Pc ηmech ηover

Indicated power overal efficiency

ANVESHANA’S INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES

Tank Delivery REFERENCES