‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
 ‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٧  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF  

 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
KE‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٥W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٧  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٧  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF  

 EF‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ramsbottom Methods

 W
‫א‬،‫א‬Glass Bulb‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K550 °C‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬٥‫א‬
 KEThermocouple iron ceramic - constantanF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬gm٥ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K550 °C‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 K١٠‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
 K‫א‬

-٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٧  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF  

 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 ‫א‬

   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

  
  

 
 
 
-٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٧  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF  

 
 EF‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Conradson Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products

 W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬gm٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣
 K١٣‫א‬‫א‬K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥
 K١٥‫א‬،٣ J٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٦
 K‫א‬
KE‫א‬F JE‫א‬H‫א‬FZ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٧
 

-٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٧  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF  

 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
  
  

-٦-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٧  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF  

 
 

-٧-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٧  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF  

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬EF
Determination Acid Number for Oil
 W
‫א‬KOH‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Fatty acid
 K
 gm KOH / gm oilLW‫א‬‫א‬
 Kgm KOH / gm oil٠{٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Titration Solvent‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬p-Naphthol benzene‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬M٠{١Alcoholic KOH‫א‬‫א‬
 K،
K،،،

-٨-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٧  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF  

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬5gm K١
K‫א‬‫א‬١٥25 ml K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬٢{١‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬10 ml K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٤ K٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٧
‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
56.1 ∗ V ∗ M
Acid Number =
W
KOH‫א‬‫א‬٥٦{١،‫א‬W،‫א‬KOHV،KOHM
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬ KOH  ‫א‬‫א‬
     
     
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٧  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF  

 Flash Point‫א‬

 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KVolatility‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KW‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 Cleveland Open Cup‫א‬ K١
  
K 79°C ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Pensky - Martens Closed Cup‫א‬- K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 Tag Closed Cup‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K90 °C ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬40 °Ccst٥{٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٧  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF  

 EF‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬-‫א‬‫א‬
Pensky - Martens Closed Cup
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢
 K٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥
‫א‬‫א‬،E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٧
 
 
 
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٧  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF  

 
 
 
 W‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬
    
    

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٧  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF  

 EF‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Cleveland Open Cup

 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬K٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،start‫א‬‫א‬K٦
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٨
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٧  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF  

 ‫א‬

 
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬
    
    

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٧  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF  

EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Water and Sediment by Centrifuge
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
FE٣W٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KErpm٦٠٠٠‫א‬٦٠٠٠‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١
 KE٣W٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٠،Co٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬١٥K٤
 K‫א‬EF

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٧  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF  

 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٧  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF  

EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Water in Petroleum Products
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 Dean and Stark Method
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KETrap‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،،ml٥٠٠ml٢٥٠‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 KBenzene & Toluene٪٨٠٪٢٠Xylene‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ml٥٠‫א‬‫א‬ml١٠٠ K١
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤

- ١٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٧  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF  

 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦

‫ﺣﺠﻢاﻟﻤﺎء‬
100 x =‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔﻟﻠﻤﺎء‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
 

- ١٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٧  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF  

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 Viscosity‫א‬
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEηF‫א‬
 K١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KPoiseE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬c.g.s‫א‬
‫א‬V‫א‬،
 WPoiseuillePt‫א‬r

4Ptr
V=
٨ Lη

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬L
 η = K.P.t   W‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
d‫א‬‫א‬Viscometer‫א‬‫א‬
h‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬hh.d.g‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬P‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Wd1,d2٢،١η 1, η 2‫א‬‫א‬

η1 d 1 . t1
η2
= d 2 . t2
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬t1, t2
 K
 
 
 
 
- ١٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٧  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF  

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬d‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١
 
w1 - w2
d=
V

‫א‬V،‫א‬H‫א‬w2،‫א‬w1
 K‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬K٢
 K ‫א‬‫א‬K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٧

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