Bioclimatic Skyscraper Mumbai

1.
Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Introduction of Project
1.3 Justification of the Project
1.4 Scope of the Project
1.5 Aims & objective
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1.1 Background
The concept of Bioclimatic Architecture was

initially developed by Malaysian Architect Ken
Yeang and he is known as the Father of
Bioclimatic Architecture.
Ken Yeang has designed large number of

low-energy green buildings such as Mesiniaga
Tower, National Library Singapore including
high-rises in over 20 countries worldwide,
during his 35 years of practice and he is
continuing his work today with several,
worldwide recognizable projects, around the
globe. His created principles of designing Mesiniaga Tower
bioclimatic skyscraper have a realistic vision of

how to improve an urban environment in order
to coexist with our ecosystem. He shows how to
design built environment as artificial ecosystem,
which are seamlessly and benignly bio
integrated with natural environment.
Theory that he has written and National Library, Singapore
investigated is a life time job investment and it National Library Singapore
has been referenced all around the world,
implemented into practice with recognizable results,
1.2 Introduction of Project
Bioclimatic Skyscraper is defined as a tall structure which has a connection with

nature, it is about a building that takes into account the climate and environmental
conditions to favor thermal comfort inside. This architecture seeks perfect
cohesion between design and natural
Elements (such as the sun, wind, rain and vegetation), leading us to an
optimization of resources. The efficacy and moderation in the use of construction
materials, giving priority to low energy content compared to high energy.
Reduction of energy consumption for heating, cooling, lighting and equipment,
covering the remainder of the claim with renewable energy sources. The
bioclimatic feature of any skyscraper or any buildings depends on the building
orientation, materials property, natural vegetation, natural light etc. .
BIOLOGY
B. A ARCHITECTURE
CLIMATOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
Bioclimatic Architecture is combination of
Biology + Climatology + Architecture + Technology – Bioclimatic Architecture
1.3 Justification of the Project
Mumbai is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most
populous city in India, most populous metropolitan area in India, and the eighth
most populous city in the world, with an estimated city population of 18.4 million
and metropolitan area population of 20.7
million as of 2011 Along with the urban areas,
including the cities of Navi Mumbai, Thane,
Bhiwandi, Kalyan, it is one of the most
populous urban regions in the world. Mumbai
lies on the west coast of India and has a deep
natural harbor. In 2009, Mumbai was named
an alpha world city. It is also the wealthiest
city in India, and has the highest GDP of any
city in South, West or Central Asia.
Mumbai is the most researched
Indian city attracting scholars and researchers
from India and abroad. People come Mumbai
from different place of city and world for
the better education, jobs, business etc.
The horizontal growth of the land is
increase very rapidly in Mumbai. There
would be no more land are remains in
that area after 20-25 years. The concept
of artificial island would be option for
land extension and used sea area, which
is help to reduce horizontal growth of city
and converts it’s into vertical growth. This is make a new location for people.
Which is ecofriendly with the environment and greenery, which is also helps to
control pollution and create a green environment.
1.4 Scope of the Project
 Residential Block
 Office Building
 Commercial Building.
 Restaurant and food court
 Gym and swimming pool for resident.
 Recreational Activity area
 Car Parking space
 Service stations and guard booths.
 Sky garden
 Herbal forest
 Yoga and meditation ground
 Deck at the edge of sea shore
 Natural and green environment.
1.5 Aims & objective
 Energy consumption reduction

 Ecofriendly environment around the building
 Natural and fresh air circulation.
 To explore how that tall building can be inspired by the
physical and environmental characteristics of site.
 To determine the programmatic brief for that building, based on micro
and macro site studies (considering need, availability and
appropriateness).
 To understand the issues involved with designing a multi-level building
containing possibly differing functions.
 To investigate and design bioclimatic ideas and solutions, not only in the
inherent design and materials and distribution of volumes and voids, but
in usable systems, and green technology.
 To understand how considerations of structure, environment, servicing
etc are as vital tithe success of the building as form, materials, aesthetics
etc.
 To control pollution.
 Provide Natural cooling
 Microclimate control
 To control pollution.
 Biodiversity enhancement, Habitat restoration
2. Site Analysis
2.1 Location
2.2 Site detail
2.3 Picture around site
2.1 Location
Location- Near worli police camp, worli sea face road, Mumbai, India
Accessibility-
• Nearest Railways station - 15 km
• Nearest Bus station - 3.5 km
• Nearest Airport - 25 km
• Nearest from bandra- worli sea link – 1.5km
2.2 Site details
Site selecting on the sea area, which will be converted into an artificial island and
connected to the worli sea face road with 500m bridge
Climate- The Climate of Mumbai is

a tropical wet and dry climate. Mumbai's
climate can be best described as
moderately hot with high level of humidity.
Its coastal nature and tropical location
ensures temperatures won't fluctuate much
throughout the year. The mean average is
27.2 °C and average precipitation is
242.2 cm (95.35 inches).[1] The mean
maximum average temperatures in about
32 °C (90 °F) in summer and 30 °C (86 °F)
in winter, while the average minimums are
25 °C (77 °F) in summer and 20.5 °C
(68.9 °F) in winter. Mumbai experiences
four distinct seasons: Winter (December–Feb); Summer (March–
May); Monsoon (June–Sep); and Post-Monsoon (Oct–Dec).
2.3 Picture around site
Marine drive, Mumbai

Ongoing construction project east side
of site
Walk in area at marine drive Street furniture in north east direction

from site
3. Design Concept
3.1 Site plan concept

3.2 Building Concept
3.1 Site plan concept
The concept of building is inspire from the star shape In which its all 5 points
have a different zone
YOGA AND MEDITATION,

PLAYGROUND,
HERBAL GARDEN SERVICE ZONE,

ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION
N
CLUB HOUSE, DECK AREA ENTRANCE GATE, SECURITY
1. YOGA AND MEDITATION, PLAYGROUND- The yoga and meditation, playground

these area are located in north direction to getting large amount of fresh air which is
directly blow from the North West direction.
2. SERVICE ZONE, ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION ETC. –located in north east direction.

The place mainly used for services and parking etc.
3. ENTRANCE GATE, SECURITY – located in the south-east direction which is nearest

from the bridge.
4. DECK AREA -located in the south-west direction to getting direct fresh air.
5. HERBAL GARDEN AND GREEN FOREST- located in the north -west direction. Herbal
garden helps to convert air into fresh and which is directly blow to the main building
and playground area
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3.2 Building concept
The basic concept of building is inspire from the wind direction and
sun path direction.
Buildings Form- Octagonal shape which is help to tends wind direction from
building.
 Using solar panel in south direction to get high amount of sunlight.
 Using plantation in south west and North West direction to break direct
wind flow to building.
 Using open space in North direction for getting large amount of natural
diffuse light inside the lobby.
4. Case study
4.1 Ahuja Tower, Mumbai
4.2 Lodha Bellissimo Tower Mumbai
4.1 Ahuja Tower, Mumbai
Location – Appa Saheb Marathe Marg, Behind

ICICI Prudential, Worlikar Chowki, Mumbai - 25,
Height – 250 meters.
No. of floor- 52 story
Accessibility
 Nearest Railways station - 7.5 km

 Nearest Bus station - 2 km
 Nearest Airport - 16 km
Introduction
The Construction progress at Ahuja Tower, the

Tower Designed by P&T Group, Singapore, the
project comprises two adjoining towers, The
project features a 10-story car park and has its
first residential floor starting on the 14th floor,
guaranteeing spectacular panoramic views of
Mumbai and the Indian Ocean. Designed keeping
in mind the lifestyle of the globetrotting
connoisseurs of the modern world, Ahuja Star
properties offer the highest level of luxury living.
Premium 52-storey, 250- meters luxurious
residential tower maintains a steady pace with
internal as well as external work happening
simultaneously. This structure is now clearly visible
amidst the high rises on the Worli skyline, while driving on the Bandra - Worli
Sea link.
Planning & Circulation
Separate entry for resident and services Each residential floor in the Ahuja
Towers has been built with only one apartment in each wing. The floor to ceiling
height in the apartment is an impressive 13 ft. and the living room Area is
over 750 sq.ft. glass used floor to ceiling which is make apartment more
luxurious.
Service Entry
Main Entry
Ground floor level
Parking level
Podium floor, business centre
Snooker room Mini theatre Function room Business room
The Living room area is over
750sq. Ft with the clear Height of
13ft. With balcony and viewing deck
The master bedroom area is
Typical Refuse floor plan 590sq.ft. with inclusive of walk in
wardrobe and master bathroom .
all the rooms are designed is a
such a way from which We can
see the sea view. All the rooms are
designed keeping in mind that all
Typical floor plan rooms get proper natural
ventilation and natural light There is connecting corridor between tower A and
Tower B with refuge area .
Important Features of building
1. The power behind the air condition in

the apartments comes from
The AHU room which is placed
conveniently next to the back door.
The room also has a special 4.5 ton
fresh air system to ensure that the
air in the apartment is treated and fresh
at all times
2. Easy Accessibility for maintenance
3. The advanced home automation

system in the apartments ensure that
Can activate and manage most
appliances and gadgets at fingertips
such As control the AC, light, Curtains,
music etc.
4. Green building aiming for gold

Certification from LEED ,
5. LOW-E glass
6. Sewerage treatment plant in site
7. Rainwater harvesting
8. Movement sensors in car parking and common areas
9. 28ft. High water feature in the lobby
10. Car parking space is ample with 10 dedicated floors for both residents
and visitors
11. Total 9 high- speed elevators with the speed of 6meters per second .
Car parking
Ongoing construction
4.1 Lodha Bellissimo
Location – Appa Saheb Marathe Marg, Behind ICICI Prudential, Worlikar

Chowki, Mumbai - 25,
Height – 648 ft.
No. of floor- 48 story
Accessibility
 Nearest Railways station - 12 km

 Nearest Bus station - 1.5km
Introduction
Lodha Bellissimo is a 648 feet tall

48-storied residential tower amid
large pristine landscaped terrain in
the heart of Mumbai. Much befitting
its exotic name Bellissimo ('most
beautiful' in Italian), the gently-
contoured sea-wave inspired façade
and wave-like roof element make for
a stunning elevation.
The fully air-conditioned elegant main entrance lobby dotted with attractive
greens and cascading water walls, stands atop a 73 feet high stilt and
commands splendid views of the landscaped garden and the sea. Ensuring
riveting vistas from the very first level of the tower.
The residences are spacious, bright and airy, with expansive glazing
bringing in abundant natural light. The unique curvilinear architecture ensures
cross ventilation and breathtaking views from all the rooms. Wide sun-decks
extending from both sides display the lush verdant Race Course and the
glistening ocean beyond to the west and the
exquisite recreational garden to the east.
There is a beautiful Sky Garden on every
fourth storey of the elevation
The landscape design for Lodha Bellissimo is based on a Contemporary style
that combines water and flora, to create A dynamic and distinctive landscape
Planning & Circulation
Lodha bellissimo tower has two wings. Block A block B are in 1st wing and
block C are in 2nd wings.
Block A & B
• 126 Luxuries Residences , ( 3 and 4 BHK abodes with enchanting views

of the Sky Gardens)
• 44 Gardenia Residences ( 3 and 4 BHK residences that open out to the
Sky Garden on the same level)
• 10 Upper Deck Residences (5 and 6 bedroom duplex penthouses on the
top six floors with stunning aerial views of the city and the Arabian Sea)
•
Block A 3 BHK residences Block A 4 BHK residences
Block B 3 BHK residences Block B 4 BHK residences
Block C
56 Luxuria Residences (3 and 4 BHK abodes

with enchanting views of the Sky Gardens)
20 Gardenia Residences (3 and 4 BHK

residences that open out to the Sky Garden on
the same level)
Block C 2 BHK residences 10 Upper Deck Residences(5 and 6 bedroom

duplex penthouses on the top six floors with
stunning aerial views of the city and the
Arabian Sea)
Bellissimo C
presents 9 exclusive
Block C 3BHK residences duplex penthouses
extraordinaire, each
with its own private
Swimming pool, Jacuzzi & Sky garden. Be it the Block C 4 BHK residences
double height living area extending to a swimming

pool and sundeck or the piece de resistance
Master bedroom with its own lounge, walk-in
wardrobe and four fixture bath overlooking a small
private landscaped garden – every feature here
reflects distinguished luxury. The elevator (with
finger print access) opens directly into your
residence. There is also an exclusive private
Block C Duplex upper
elevator that connects the two levels of your
duplex home. It's like having your own bungalow at a height from where the
view is simply enthralling.
Important Features of building
 Each duplex penthouse has its own private swimming pool, Jacuzzi and
sky garden
 High speed elevator with fingerprint access which directly opens into
residence.
 Private elevator that connects the two levels of duplex.
 Stunning views of the Race course & Eastern Seaboar
 Luxury clubhouse spread over 20,000 sq.ft.
 acres of award winning landscape
 Powerful Carrier hideaway-type AC units with individual controls for
each room
 Lavish four-fixture Master bath with a large bathtub that overlooks the
landscaped garden
 7-tier security system.
 Entertainment zone with video games, board games, pool
 and more for kids 8-14 years.
5. Literature Study
5.1 Crescent bay Parel
5.2 Menara mesiniaga
5.1 Crescent bay Parel
Location – Located in the central Mumbai,

largely residential district of Parel
Accessibility
 Nearest Railways station - 6 km

 Nearest Bus station - 1.5 km
Introduction
Crescent Bay is a marquee project being

developed by L&T Realty in collaboration
with Omkar. This gated complex in Parel
comprises residential towers that are as
beautiful to look at as they are to live in.
Within the imposing towers are 2, 3 and 4
bedroom residences. Crescent Bay is
designed to delight the eye. There is so
much to admire in its scale, symmetry and sheer splendor.
Designed by renowned international architects and landscape designers, every
aspect of this residential complex is as charming as it is functional. Whether it’s
the imposing lobby, the multiple high-speed elevators, or the sky gardens, it’s
the kind of design that spells distinction. Total number of towers-6
Total no. of apartments - 1450
External amenities
Clubhouse: Swimming pools – lap pool & kid’s pool | State-of-the-art gym | Spa,
Sauna, Jacuzzi | Squash court | Badminton court | Children’s crèche | Indoor
games room for table tennis, snooker, carom
Recreation area: : Basketball | Yoga & meditation zone | Lounge area | Mini
theatre | Library | Children’s play area with sand pit | Multi-purpose halls |
Natural acupressure therapy area | Senior citizens’ area
Other amenities: Sky garden with jogging track at a height of approximately 300
feet | High-speed elevators in each building | Separate shuttle elevator for parking
| State-of-the-art firefighting systems |
Site plan
The landscape around

the building is designed
in the Way which is
creating green
environment with shaded
Tree and plants. Using
pavement for walking
and jogging and
exercise. the design of each residential building allows for uninterrupted views
from apartment, not to mention, an unmatched sense of privacy. Much like the
outdoor spaces, the apartments too are spacious, well-planned and are
complete with all the modern fittings you could so require. Even the jogging
track is elevated to offer a unique experience when you wish to rejuvenate. It’s
these thoughtful touches that come together to create the perfect setting for a
life less ordinary. 2, 3 & 4 BHK apartments | Split air-conditioners in the living
room, dining room and bedrooms | Flower beds attached to the living room &
bedrooms |
Floor plan
2BHK 3BHK
T1 ,T2 typical floor plan
2BHK
3BHK
T4 typical floor plan
3BHK 3BHK
T5 typical floor plan
I
mportant feature of building
1. Jogging track on Sky deck level, height approximately 300 feet.

2. Multi- level Parking
3. High speed elevators in each building.
4. Separate shuttle elevator for parking
5. Three levels of security with BMS & CCTV
6. Recreation area
7. 60% of open spaces with greenery
8. Well – ventilated apartments with ample natural light Jogging track on Sky deck
9. Thermal insulation on top floors to reduce heat.
10. Beam- free designed apartment
East view from the building west view from the building
5.2 Menara mesiniaga
Location- IBM in Subang Jaya near
Kuala Lumpur.
Height - 63 meters
Floors (over ground) - 14
Floors (under ground) - 1
Gross Floor Area - 6503 m sq
Introduction
The Menara Mesiniaga is the headquarters

for IBM in Subang Jaya near Kuala Lumpur.
It was first conceived of in 1989 and finally
completed in 1992.
The building is an environmental filter, an
analogy for synthesis and analysis. The
Menara Mesiniaga is a built work that utilizes
a basis of traditional Malaysian building
models and their transition or evolution into
modern principles. It is Yeang’s vision of the
tropical garden city and it uncovers “the
relationship of buildings, landscape and
climate” transforming the impact of high-rise
development in the ecosystem of a city.
Main Ideas and Concepts for the Menara Mesiniaga
- Sky gardens that serve as villages

- Spiraling vertical landscape
- Recessed and shaded windows on the
- East and West
- Curtain wall glazing on the North and
- South
- Single core service on hot side - East
- Naturally ventilated and sunlit toilets, stairways and lift lobbies
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
The East Side: Building core shades direct North-East: North side is glazed as
east sunlight and acts as heat sink it receives little sunlight.
- Spiral balconies on the exterior walls with full height sliding doors to
interior offices The building is 15 stories tall and circular in plan.
Yeang designed this building to include three items:
- a sloping landscape base to connect the land with the verticality of
the building
- a circular spiraling body with landscaped sky courts that
- allow visual relief for office workers as well as providing continuity of
spaces connecting the land through the building
- the upper floor provides a swimming pool and gym
Planning And Circulation
The building’s general form, structural strategy, component cores, glazed

surfaces, is oriented for maximum environmental efficiency shading against
direct overheating but allowing for natural daylight. Second, where the main
components of the building and its orientation cannot shade the building,
ingeniously calculated shading devices are installed on the building face for
passive cooling. Finally, the extension of the land that begins at the sloped
berm spirals up the height of the building with planted terraces that culminates
at the inhabited rooftop. These terraces not only provide for vertical gardens
and transitional spaces, but also shades and ventilates the building.
• Spiralling vertical landscaping that climbs up the face cif the building.
• Ramped turfing and planting up the lower floors cifthe building.
• Recessed and shaded windows on east and west sides.
• Curtain-wall glazing to north and south sides.
• Single-core services core on hot side.
• Naturally ventilated and sunlit toilets, stairways and lift-lobbies.
• Spiralling balconies on the external wall with full height sliding doors for
natural ventilation (if required) to the interior offices and as transitional spaces
for building users.
• Sun-shaded roof over the top floor.
The building is 15 stories tall and
circular in plan. Yeang designed this building to include
three items:
1- a sloping landscape base to connect the land with the
verticality of the building.
2- a circular spiraling body with landscaped sky courts that
allow visual relief for office workers as well as providing
continuity of spaces connecting the land through the
building
3- the upper floor provides a swimming pool and gym.
The main principles of building design is :-

- Responding in plan and form to the climate
- Responding to the landscaping by introducing
planting upwards and diagonally across the
Mezzanine level First Floor
face of the built forms
- Breaking surfaces from the straight plane to
planes in context for the site
- Linkages to the ground and surrounding base
- Responding to the Modern Movement
Third Floor
Second Floor
Fourth Floor Seventh Floor

Seventh Floor Eighth Floor
6. Comparative Analysis
Pile foundation
Pile foundation
Pile foundation
Pile foundation
Pile foundation
7. Aspect study
7.1 Vertical Transportation In Tall Buildings
7.2 Structural System In Tall Buildings
7.1 VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION IN TALL BUILDINGS
Vertical transportation in any building is a system which is used to transport a

body or object from one floor to another. In a low rise building where the able
bodied do not need a lift to reach their floor, but if one is available they invariably
use it. A midrise building is one where there may be 8-10 floors and the lift
becomes essential, in order for occupants to use the building. A high rise building
might be one which contains 15-16 floors and maybe equipped with lifts serving
two zones. Buildings with more than 80 floors require sky lobbies with shuttle lifts
to serve them.
In highr rise building where no. of floor and zoning are different, in that place
different types of vertical transportation system working.
Shuttle Lifts- shuttle lifts are employed

to take passengers from the ground level
main lobby to a `sky lobby'. Shuttle lifts
are usually quite large and fast and
provide an excellent service to the sky
lobby.
In many tall building double deck lifts are
used, this permits up to 80 floors to be
served from a main terminal lobby.
Double Decker Lifts - Double deck lifts

comprise two passenger cars one above
the other connected to one
suspension/drive system. The upper and
lower decks can thus serve two adjacent
floors simultaneously. During peak
periods the decks are arranged to serve
`even' and `odd' floors respectively with
passengers guided into the appropriate
deck for their destination.
Zoning - In modern high rise buildings
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each lift is not usually required to service every level, as this would imply a large
number of stops during each trip. The effect is to increase the round trip time,
which in turn increases the interval and the passenger waiting time and the
passengers have to endure long journey times.The solution is to limit the number
of floors served by the lifts. A rule of thumb is to serve a maximum of 15-16 floors
with a lift, or a group of lifts. This introduces the concept of zoning. Zoning is
where a building is divided so that a lift or group of lifts is constrained to only serve
a designated set of floors. There are two forms of zoning: interleaved and
stacked.
(a) Interleaved – An interleaved zone is where the whole building is served by

lifts, which are arranged to serve either the even floors or the odd floors. This has
been a common practice in public housing and has been used in some office
buildings. So for example in a 16 floor residential building one lift may serve:
G,1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15, whilst another lift serves: G,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16.
(b) Stacked - A stacked zone building is where a tall building is divided into
horizontal layers, in effect, stacking several buildings on top of each other, with a
common `footprint' in order to save ground space. It is a recommended practice
for office and institutional buildings. Each zone can be treated differently with
regard to shared or separate lobby arrangements, grade of service, etc. The
floors served are usually adjacent, although some buildings may have split
subzones, where the occupants of each subzone are associated with each other
and can be expected to generate some inter floor movements. The number of
floors in a zone, the number of lifts serving a zone and the length of the express
jump all affect the service times.
Transfer Floors- Most tall and very tall buildings provide some means to travel
between zones and stacks. This is sometimes achieved by overlapping zones
(Petronas Towers), introducing extra stops (Sears Tower) or shuttle lifts (World
Trade
Center). A
common served floor (other than the Main Terminal or Sky Lobby) is important,
where there are common facilities to be accessed, e.g.: restaurant, travel bureau,
banking, sports facilities, post room, reprographics, etc.
Examples of Very Tall Buildings

and their vertical transportation
system
Petronas Towers, Kuala Lumpur,

Malaysia (1996).
The two Petronas Towers are 452 m high
with 88 stories above ground. The building
is divided into two stacks.
Stack 1 has 2 groups of 6 double deck lifts

serving Main Terminal and Floors 8-23 at 4
m/s and Main Terminal and Floors 23-37 at
5 m/s. Floor 23 acts as a transfer floor.
Stack 2 is served by a group of 5 double

deck shuttle lifts at 6 m/s to sky lobbies at
Floors 41/42. From the sky lobbies there are Petronas Towers, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
36 | P a g e Biocli maticSkyscraperatMumbai
3 groups of 6 double deck lifts serving 3 zones: Floors 44-61 at 3.5 m/s; Floors
61-73 7 m/s; Floors 61/62 and 69-83 at 7 m/s. Floors 61 and 62 act as transfer
floors.
There are 2 lifts linking Stack 1 to Stack 2 serving Floors 36-37, 40-43 at 1.6 m/s.
There are escalators between the upper and lower Main Terminal (0/1) levels and
between Floors 41 and 42.
The Sears Tower, Chicago, USA (1974).
The Sears Tower is 436 m high and has 103

stories above ground. The building is divided
into three stacks.
Stack 1 has 3 groups of 6 single deck lifts
serving Main Terminal and Floors 5-10 at 2.5
m/s; Main Terminal and Floors 10-17 at 3.5
m/s; Main Terminal and Floors 17-23 at 4 m/s
and one group of 5 lifts serving Main Terminal
and Floors 23-28 at 5 m/s.
Stack 2 has sky lobbies at Floors 33/34 served
by 8 double deck shuttle lifts at 7 m/s. From the
sky lobbies there are 3 groups of 6 single deck The Sears Tower, Chicago
lifts serving Floor 33 and Floors 35-42 at 2.5
m/s; Floor 33 and Floors 42-49 (2 lifts also serve Floor 27) at 3.5 m/s; Floor 34
and Floors 49-57 at 4 m/s and one group of 5 lifts serving Floor 34 and Floors 58-
63 at 5 m/s.
Stack 3 has sky lobbies at Floors 66/67 served by 6 double deck shuttle lifts at 8
m/s, which also can stop at Floors 33/34 for service to Stack 2. From the upper
sky lobby there are 3 groups of 4 single deck lifts serving Floor 66 and Floors 68-
74 (2 lifts also serve Floor 63) at 2.5 m/s; Floor 66 and Floors 75-81 at 3.5 m/s;
Floor 67 and Floors 82-87 at 4 m/s and one group of 5 single deck lifts serving
Floor 67 and Floors 88-102 at 5 m/s.
In addition there are two observation lifts serving Main Terminal and Floor 103 at
9 m/s
United Overseas Bank, Singapore (1992)
This is a 66 storey building, 280 m high, divided into three

stacks.
Stack 1 has a group of 6 single deck lifts serving Main

Terminal and Floors 7-20.
Stack 2 has a sky lobby at Floor 37 served by the lower
deck of 6 double deck shuttles. From the sky lobby a
group of 6 single deck lifts serve (down) Floors 20, 23-36.
Stack 3 has a sky lobby at Floor 38 served by the upper

deck of 6 double deck shuttles. From the sky lobby a
group of 6 single deck lifts serve (up) Floors 41-59 There
is a transfer floor at Floor 20 for Stack 1 and 2
interchanges. This building can be categorized as United Overseas Bank, Singapore
double deck shuttles to single deck locals.
7.2 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM IN TALL BUILDINGS
The structure system in tall building divided into two main categories “interior
structures” and “exterior structures” according to the location of the primary lateral
load-resisting system and with the height of the buildings.
Interior Structures,
A system is categorized as an interior structure when the major part of the lateral
load resisting system is located within the interior of the building.
Categories under interior structure:-
(a) Rigid frames structure
(b) Vertical shear truss system
(c) Frame – shear truss system
(a) Rigid frames structure – Rigid frame or moment-resisting Frame (MRF)
consists of girder and column rigidly connected together in a planar grid such
frames resist load primarily through the flexural stiffness of the members.
The size of the columns is mainly controlled by the gravity loads progressively
Larger column sizes towards the base the size of the girders, is controlled by
Stiffness of the frame to ensure acceptable sway of the building.
Example of Rigid Frame

structure
860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments
Address: 880 N Lake Shore Dr,
Chicago, IL 60611, United States
Area: 4,856 m²
Opened: 1951
Architectural style: Streamline
Moderne
Architect: Ludwig Mies van der
Rohe
860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments
Seagram Building
Address: 375 Park Ave, New
York, NY 10152, United States
Area: 5,666 m²
Height: 157 m CTBUH
Opened: 1958
Owner: RFR Holding LLC
Architects: Ludwig Mies van der
Rohe, Philip Johnson
(b) vertical shear truss system- Vertical Shear Truss System (RC coupled
shear wall) can
effectively resist lateral
forces caused by wind
and eathquakes.
They are treated as vertical
as cantilevers fixed at the
base.
(c) Frame – shear truss system – when vertical shear Trusses are combined
with Rigid Frame, the interactive system, results in a common deflected shape of
the structure.
The upper part of the truss is restrained by the frame,

The lower part, Frame is Restrained by the Truss.
The effect produce increased lateral rigidity of the building.
Frame – shear truss system
Exterior Structure
If the major part of the lateral load-resisting system is located at the building
perimeter, a system is categorized as an exterior structure.
It is desirable to provide lateral load-resisting system components as far as
possible on the perimeter of tall buildings to increase their structural depth. Tubes
are known as basic exterior structures. It can be defined as a three-dimensional
structural system utilizing the entire building perimeter to resist lateral loads.
Exterior Tube system
(a) Frame Tube System
(b) Braced Tube System
(c) Tube in Tube System
(d) Bundled Tube System
(e) Diagrid system
(f) Exo-Skeleton system
(a) Frame Tube System
building has closely spaced columns and deep spandrel beams rigidly
connected together throughout the exterior frames. Depending upon the
structural geometry and proportions, exterior column spacing should be from 5
to 15ft (1.5 to 4.5m) Practical spandrel beam depths should vary from 24 to
48in (600 to 1200mm). Resulting structural organization the lateral load
resisted by the whole tube .
Aon Centre (1973) Chicago,346

Water Tower Place (1975)
m,83 stories
Chicago, 262 m, 74 stories
(b) Braced Tube System-
It is possible to stiffen the building Structure by introducing diagonal braces.
Introduction of Diagonals also increase the spacing of columns in frame tube
Braced Truss System diagram
The diagonals participate in dual role action as it collect gravity loads from floors
as inclined columns also act as a stiffener in case of lateral loads.
Example of braced truss system
John Hancock Center (1970)
Chicago,
Address: Chicago ,United States
Height: , 344 m ,100 stories
Floors: 100 stories
Construction started: 1965
Construction completed :1969
Area: 260,126 m2
Architect - Skidmore, Owings and Merrill
Onterie Center (1986)

Chicago, 174 m ,58 storiesConstruction
Completed : 1986
Area - 13,000 m2
(c) TUBE in TUBE SYSTEM-
This is a type of framed tube consisting of an outer-framed tube together with an

internal elevator and service core. The inner tube may consist of braced frames.
The outer and inner tubes act jointly in resisting both gravity and lateral loading in
steel-framed buildings. However, the outer tube usually plays a dominant role
because of its much greater structural depth. This type of structures is also called
as Hull (Outer tube) and Core (Inner tube) structures
Example of tube in tube system

181 West Madison Street (1990)
Chicago, 207 m , 50 storiesChicago,
Address: Chicago ,United States
Height: , 207m, 50 Stories Chicago
Construction completed :1990
Area: 104 278 m²
Architect - Cesar Pelli & Associates
d) BUNDLED TUBE SYSTEM The bundled tube system can be visualised
as an assemblage of individual tubes resulting in multiple cell tube. The
increase in stiffness is apparent. The system allows for the greatest height and
the most floor area. This structural form was used in the Sears Tower in
Chicago. In this system, introduction of the internal webs greatly reduces the
shear lag in the flanges. Hence, their columns are more evenly stressed than
in the single tube structure and their contribution to the lateral stiffness is
greater.
(e) Diagrid system
Almost all the conventional vertical columns are eliminated. This is possible
because the diagonal members in diagrid can carry gravity loads as well as lateral
forces due to their triangulated configuration in a distributive and uniform manner.
Examples- Swiss Re Building (2004)

London, 181m, 41 Stories
(f) Exo-skeleton
In exoskeleton structures, lateral load-
resisting systems are placed outside
the building lines away from their
facades. The system is associated
with other conventional types Due to
the system’s compositional
characteristics, it acts as a primary
building identifier
Examples- Hotel de las Artes

Barcelona, Spain
(g) Outriggers
The Frame-Shear Truss system is further modified with introduction of outriggers
band in differential vertical levels The outriggers are generally in the form of
trusses in steel structures, or walls in concrete structures.
Example of Outriggers
structure
Taipei 101
Address Xinyi District
Taipei, Taiwan
Height: 509 m CTBUH
Floors: 101
Construction Completed: 2004
Architect - C.Y. Lee & Partners
Jin Mao Tower

District, Shanghai 200121, China
Completed : 1999
Architect – Adrian Smith at SOM
Figure 4.25 Jin Mao Tower
50 | P a g e BioclimaticSkyscraper atMumbai
Exterior structure frame diagram
8. Area statement
9. Conclusion
After my research I get to deliver the message of how we could have a better
high rise Construction, thus from bio climatic approach. Bio-climatic skyscraper
can (should) coexist with environment it is built-in and it has an enormous
potential on development in future. A skyscraper is best solution to convert the
horizontal land growth into vertical growth, we have better solution for control
overcrowded in city by using vertical growth system, and from this type
construction we can save the large amount of land expansion.
Using natural feature like green plantation, passive solar heat gain, passive
cooling system, in building is allow natural environment around the building
which is help to reduce pollution and Amount of CO2. From using better
orientation of building with respect to sun and wind , by using green plantation ,
natural lighting, natural ventilation we can achieve most bioclimatic feature in
buildings .
10. Reference
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_p
opulation
http://wikitravel.org/en/Mumbai
CTBUH
http://www.ctbuh.org/TallBuildings/HeightStatistics/Criteria/tabid/446/language/e
n-GB/Default.aspx
Vertical Transportation in Tall Buildings- - Dr Gina Barney,Gina

Barney Associates,
Structural Developments in Tall Buildings:

Current Trends and Future Prospects - - Mir M. Ali and Kyoung
Sun Moon
Design of Steel Structure - - Prof. S.R.Satish Kumar and

Indian Institute of Technology Madras Prof. A.R.Santha Kumar ,
Structural Developments
Of Skyscrapers- - Prof. S.P. Bhattacharya , IIT kharagpur

Bioclimatic Skyscraper Mumbai

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1.

1.2 Introduction of Project

1.3 Justification of the Project

1.4 Scope of the Project

1.5 Aims & objective

The concept of Bioclimatic Architecture was

Ken Yeang has designed large number of

bioclimatic skyscraper have a realistic vision of

Bioclimatic Skyscraper is defined as a tall structure which has a connection with

Bioclimatic Architecture is combination of

Biology + Climatology + Architecture + Technology – Bioclimatic Architecture

1.5 Aims & objective

 Energy consumption reduction

2.2 Site detail

2.3 Picture around site

2.2 Site details

Climate- The Climate of Mumbai is

2.3 Picture around site

Marine drive, Mumbai

Walk in area at marine drive Street furniture in north east direction

3.1 Site plan concept

YOGA AND MEDITATION,

HERBAL GARDEN SERVICE ZONE,

1. YOGA AND MEDITATION, PLAYGROUND- The yoga and meditation, playground

2. SERVICE ZONE, ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION ETC. –located in north east direction.

3. ENTRANCE GATE, SECURITY – located in the south-east direction which is nearest

4.1 Ahuja Tower, Mumbai

4.2 Lodha Bellissimo Tower Mumbai

Location – Appa Saheb Marathe Marg, Behind

No. of floor- 52 story

 Nearest Railways station - 7.5 km

The Construction progress at Ahuja Tower, the

Ground floor level

Snooker room Mini theatre Function room Business room

Important Features of building

1. The power behind the air condition in

2. Easy Accessibility for maintenance

3. The advanced home automation

4. Green building aiming for gold

6. Sewerage treatment plant in site

9. 28ft. High water feature in the lobby

Location – Appa Saheb Marathe Marg, Behind ICICI Prudential, Worlikar

No. of floor- 48 story

 Nearest Railways station - 12 km

Lodha Bellissimo is a 648 feet tall

• 126 Luxuries Residences , ( 3 and 4 BHK abodes with enchanting views

Block A 3 BHK residences Block A 4 BHK residences

Block B 3 BHK residences Block B 4 BHK residences

56 Luxuria Residences (3 and 4 BHK abodes

20 Gardenia Residences (3 and 4 BHK

Block C 2 BHK residences 10 Upper Deck Residences(5 and 6 bedroom

double height living area extending to a swimming

5.1 Crescent bay Parel

5.2 Menara mesiniaga

Location – Located in the central Mumbai,

 Nearest Railways station - 6 km

Crescent Bay is a marquee project being

The landscape around

T1 ,T2 typical floor plan

T5 typical floor plan

mportant feature of building

1. Jogging track on Sky deck level, height approximately 300 feet.

Location- IBM in Subang Jaya near