IMPACT OF USING FACEBOOK TOWARDS GRADE 12 ABM STUDENTS’ SELF-

ESTEEM

A Research Paper

Presented to the Faculty of Senior High School Department

University of Cebu – Banilad

Cebu City, Philippines

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

Practical Research 2 (Quantitative)

By:

XYZA JABILI

JASMINE MANINGO

BLESSY GRACE CABALSE

KRITINE AMANCIO

CHERRY ANN LAURON

ABM C – 12 CHARITY
 CHAPTER III

Methodology

Research Design

This research study is a non-experimental research design where in it focuses on a certain

sample out of the given population in which the data are gathered through surveys. Specifically, it

utilized the correlational procedures. This study shows the relationship between the Facebook

Usage and the Level of Self-esteem of Grade 12 ABM Students. The independent variable is the

Facebook Usage where in it focuses on the number of likes in the student’s profile picture and the

number of hours spent on using one; it is also the variable which is being manipulated in this study.

The dependent variable is the level of self-esteem of the students in which this is the one being

affected with the manipulation.

According to Creswell (2012), correlation can be defined as the statistical test used to

determine the tendency or pattern for two (or more) variables or sets of data to vary consistently.

This design helps to know the influence and explain the relationship among variables.

The correlational approach was used to relate the two variables namely, Facebook Usage

and the level if self-esteem of the sample population of the Grade 12 ABM students.

Research Participants

The researchers chose the Grade 12 students of University of Cebu – Banilad who are

taking up the strand of Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM) as the respondents of this
study. This was convenient to the researchers since they belonged to the same school that would

make it easier for the researchers to reach them out that would save time, energy and effort.

The Grade 12 ABM students of University of Cebu – Banilad Campus has a total

population of 344 wherein it includes both the AM session that composes of 200 students and the

PM session that composes of 144 students. The sampling method was applied that come up with

the acceptable number of samples. The Slovin’s formula (N/1+Ne) with a margin of error of .05

was used by the researchers that resulted at a sample size of 185. Simple random sampling was

then applied wherein all the students’ name will be put in a fishbowl and will be randomly picked

until it reaches 185 sample.

Research Setting

This study was conducted at the University of Cebu – Banilad Campus. It is located at Gov.

M. Cuenco Ave., Cebu City in front of Country Mall Banilad. The study will be specifically be

conducted in the college building of the school where the Grade 12 ABM students belong. The

Senior High Department of the school has a total population of 3,351 that includes both the Grade

11 and Grade 12 students

Research Instrument

In assessing the Facebook Usage and the level of self-esteem, the instrument employed by

the researchers in in the study is a survey questionnaire. The research instrument was given to the

students from Grade 12 ABM Strand.

 The survey questionnaire is composed of two parts:

The first part is a Recognition Type where in respondents will simply choose among the

given choices and alternative answers are provided. Items in the Yes or No type are about the

profile of the respondents. The second part uses a Likert scale, it consists of various declarative

statements in which respondents are asked to indicate on how much they agree and disagree with

the given statements. Statements are about the self-esteem of the students in terms of Facebook

and in their own selves.

Statistical Treatment

The researchers will use the following statistical treatment to answer its statement of the problem

out of the data gathered:

1. Percentage. This refers to the proportion of the whole. It is one of the descriptive statistical

tools that will be used to describe the gender of the sample population, the hours spent on

Facebook and the number of like or emoji reactions on the profile picture of the student.

Formula: Percentage = F/N x 100%

Where:

F – Frequency of responses

N – Number of participants

2. Weighted Mean. This refers to the average of a given data. This is used to determine what

is the level of self-esteem of students in terms of gender, number of hours spent on

Facebook and the number of likes or emoji reactions on the profile picture of the students.

∑ 𝑓𝑥
Formula: WM = 𝑁
 Where:

WM – weighted mean

∑ 𝑓𝑥 – sum of the products of the frequency with weights

𝑁 – sample size

3. Pearson Product-Moment Coefficient of Correlation. This inferential statistical tool will

be used to determine whether there is significant relationship between the two variables.

Particularly in this study, this will help the researchers to test their hypothesis whether

there is a significant relationship of self-esteem of students and Facebook usage in terms

of hours spent on Facebook and the number of likes or emoji reactions on the profile

picture of the students.

𝑁 ∑ 𝑥𝑦−(∑ 𝑥)(∑ 𝑦)
Formula: r =
√[𝑁 ∑ 𝑥 2 −(∑ 𝑥)2 ][𝑁 ∑ 𝑦 2 −(∑ 𝑦)2 ]

Where:

N – Number of pairs of scores

∑ 𝑥𝑦 – sum of the products of paired scores

∑𝑥 – sum of x scores

∑𝑦 – sum of y scores

∑ 𝑥2 – sum of squared x scores

∑ 𝑦2 – sum of squared y scores