NSTP 1

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela National Service Training Program
Pamantasan ng
Lungsod ng
Valenzuela
1
MANUAL
Civic Welfare Training Service
Literacy Training Service
Reserve Officer Training Corps
Towards Effective Mobilization of
National Service Reserve Corps and

Citizens’ Armed Force (Reservist)
Revised edition 2019
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Course Title National Service Training Program

Course Code NSTP 1
School Year and 1st Semester 2019 - 2020
Semester
Faculty
Department NSTP
Course None
Prerequisite
Course The National Service Training Program (NSTP 1) is a course for
Description both male and female students in any baccalaureate degree or
in at least two (2) year’s technical vocational courses in both
public and private educational institutions.
It prepares students to become responsible Filipino citizens by
instilling them self-discipline, the values of patriotism, and
good citizenship, civic service to the community, sense
responsibility and value sprit de-corps. It provides rewarding
opportunities that will benefit the student, community, and the
nation.
Purposely it is designed to help them understand, appreciate,
and eventually live by the concepts of the National Service
Reserve Corps with the view of empowering them into
becoming potent resource for community development.
Course At the end of the semester, a student is expected to:
Objective 1.To provide knowledge and enlightenment on NSTP Act of
2001 or Republic Act No. 9163 together with ROTC Law or RA
7077
2. To internalize moral values necessary for harmonious
existence with people and circumstances;
3. To provide knowledge and enlightenment on Philippine
Government System especially Philippine Constitution;
4. To provide students fundamental knowledge’s and skills on
general safety, emergency actions and life preservation
techniques during emergencies and disasters;
5. To inculcate and develop among students the importance of
healthcare specifically dangerous drugs awareness and
prevention;
6. To promote active involvement in environmental programs
and activities of the institution in particular, and in local and
national programs in general.
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Week H Course Contents Intended Learning Teaching and Assessment Task

o Outcome Learning
u Activities
r
s
Week 6 Vision and mission Well-oriented and Lectures Individual
1-2 of P.L.V. Discipline Recitation and
(PLV house rules practical
and discipline) examination
• 12 little Social experiment
things youth
can do in
order to help Genealogy making
our country
• 7 habits of Drawing
highly
effective Quiz
people
Week 6 Orientation to RA Enlightened Lectures Quizzes

3-4 9163 and RA 7077 Regarding RA 9163
Core Values of and RA 7077
NSTP
Socially involved and

Week Drugs (RA 9165) a healthy individual Seminar,
Capability to
3
5 and HIV Education illustrate prevention
Lectures, and awareness
a Introduction to
Dangerous campaign
Games,
Drugs
Prevention and Situational
Control Poster/slogan
b Drug Trafficking making
c Substance
abuse education
d HIV-AIDS
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Week 6 PHILIPPINE • Well-oriented Lectures,

6 and CONSTITUTION regarding Debate and Quiz
8 AND Philippine Film viewing
THREAT TO Government
NATIONAL
system and
SECURITY
Understanding
Politics and
Governance.
• For public
information
and Knowing
the enemy of
the state
Week 6 TYPES AND Lectures Quizzes
9 and SOURCES OF • Patriotic and
10 POWER AND morally Film viewing
NATIONAL FLAG responsible
CODE individual
• The learners
demonstrate
and
Understanding
of power
Week MIDTERM WEEK

11
Written
Examination
Week 3 BASIC SAFETY Well-oriented and

12 EDUCATION skilled individual in Practical
(ROPE & KNOT handling rope for Lecture and Examination
TYING) rescue operation Demonstration
Week 6 BASIC FIRST AID, Prepared and well

13-14 WOUND trained first aider Practical
MANAGEMENT Lecture and Examination
AND VICTIM Demonstration
TRANSFER
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Week 3 Basic Life Support Prepared and Well-

15 trained CPR Provider Practical
A.CPR Lecture and Examination
B.AED Demonstration
Week 6 Disaster • Prepared Lecture Practical

16-17 management and and Well- Examination
preparedness (RA trained Role playing
10121) and Volunteer Drill
Environmental in case of
Education Emergency
• Environme
a. Fire, ntally
b. Earthquake Responsibl
c. Typhoon e
d. Flood Individual
Week (Final Practical

18 Exam)
Week 3 (Final Written

19 Exam)
Week 3 Completion Week

20
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Course • Boeree, George C. Personality Theories: 1988.

Reference • Warren, Rick. The Purpose Driven Life: OMF
Literature Inc, 2002.
• Effective Discipline through Filipino Values. Manila,
Philippines: Rex Book Store, Inc., 1996.
• Panopio, Isabel S.: Sociology: Focus on the
Philippines. Quezon City, Philippines: KEN
Incorporated, 1994.
• Covey, S.: Seven Habits of Highly Effective People.
• Maxwell, John C.: 21 Indispensable Qualities of a
Leader.
• Espiritu, Socorro C. et.al.: Sociology in the
Philippine Setting Fifth Edition. Quezon City: SIBS
Publishing House, Inc. 1998.
• Gonzales, Vivian A.: Values Integration and
Promotion: A Civic Welfare Service. Los Baños,
Laguna: Society Towards Reinforcing Inherent
Viability for Enrichment (SIKAP/STRIVE), Inc. 1997
• Lacson, Alexander,: 12 Little things our youth can
do to help our country. Quezon City, Philippines:
Alay Pinoy Publishing House, 2011.
• Maria, Andrew.: “The House of Life”: Modules on
Good Citizenship Values. Manila, Philippines: The
Institution Building Team, 2004.
• San Luis, Bel.: “Father’s Mistake- No Time”:
Modules on Good Citizenship Values. Manila,
Philippines: The Institution Building Team, 2004.
• _____________: “The TRUTH About Lies”: Modules on
Good Citizenship Values. Manila, Philippines: The
Institution Building Team, 2004.
• Institute for Development Education Center for
Research and Communication: “To Every Man His
Due”: Modules on Good Citizenship Values. Manila,
• Social Psychology Handout Miriam College
Foundation Inc.
• BS Social Work Community Organization Handouts
Miriam College Foundation Inc.
• SW Board Exam Review Class Handouts. Philippine
School of Social Work Philippine Women’s
University
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Websites:
http://bio427.blogspot.com/2010/10/environmental-
laws-of-philippines.html
http://www.2020site.org/knots/
http://www.aidsmap.com/
http://www.dictionary.com
http://www.ship.edu/maslow/html
http://vels.vcaa.vic.edu.au/support/teaching
http://sureshchopane.hubpages.com/hub/SAVE-THE-
MOTHER-EARTH
Course • NSTP subject and grading system should be

Requirements adjusted accordingly to fit NSTP program and not to
be leveled with major courses.
o 60 based grading system (0=60%, 50=75%)
▪ Formula : ([{Score/Total
Items}*40]+60)=Transmuted Grade
• (Midterm + Final)/ 2 = Final Grade
o Midterm and final exam 40%
o Quizzes 20%
o Recitation/ Project/ Report 20%
o Attitude 10%
o Attendance 10%
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INTRODUCTION
Republic Act 10121 otherwise known as Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management (PDRRM) Act of 2010 is a new law, crafted to address a paradigm shift,
urgently needed in transforming the country’s disaster management system. The new
law adopts and adheres to principles and strategies consistent with international
standards. It is a comprehensive, action-oriented response to international concern on
the growing impacts of disasters on individuals, communities and national development.
A shift in policy is needed to reduce and manage disaster

risks in the country because of two reasons. One, the
Philippines lies in the heart of an area prone to natural
disasters; and two, the country’s socio-economic and
political conditions make the Filipinos vulnerable to
disaster impacts. The geographical location of the
Philippines in the Pacific makes the country highly
susceptible to natural hazards such as earthquakes,
volcanic eruptions, and typhoons. The country is part of the
Pacific Ring of Fire, ―an area encircling the Pacific Ocean where
earthquakes and volcanic activity result from the movements of tectonic
plates. Situated on the Pacific typhoon belt the country is hit by an
average of 20-30 typhoons every year. Seven of which are highly
destructive. Risk identification provides the evidence base for disaster risk
management applications and decision making. Any effective disaster
management planning including preparedness and mitigation requires specific
information on hazards, the underlying vulnerability and the associated risks in relation
to communities, infrastructure, livelihood, etc.
Underpinning the DRRM Framework in our National Disaster Risk Reduction

Management Plan (NDRRMP) is the principle of multi-sectoral responsibility. Graduates
of the CWTS/LTS/ROTC components of the NSTP belong to the National Service Reserve
Corps (NSRC) and could be tapped by the State for literacy, civic welfare and military
activities, especially in times of calamities. The participation of NSRC reservists is
crucial in ensuring effective reduction of risk and management of disasters. This
component aims to prepare reservists for active participation in emergency response,
risks and mitigation. Moreover, the National Service Reserve Corps (NSRC) possesses a
wealth of knowledge in effective risk assessment and risk reduction approaches. It also
plays many key formal and informal roles in community recovery and development. The
availability of information and analysis on disaster risks and risk factors will advance
the design of disaster risk management and capacity building activities in local
communities. Likewise, it will serve as decision making tool for the prioritization of risk
reduction interventions and development planning in school safety programs. Hence,
the NSTP Educators must continuously act in developing the youth especially the NSTP
graduates to respond to the need of the times.
-PSNEI Capability Building Conference
Bicol University, Nov. 13-15, 2013
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PLV Vision Statement

A dynamic center for the development of competent and competitive human resource as
foundation for growth and advancement of the City of Valenzuela.
PLV Mission Statement

To provide the citizens of Valenzuela an efficient and effective institution of higher learning
that will make them skillful, productive, competent, competitive, civic-minded and God-
loving toward a peaceful, healthy, and progressive city.
PLV-NSTP Vision Statement-

A dynamic center for the development of competent and competitive NSRC Reservist and
Volunteers as foundation for growth and advancement of their involvement in public and
civic affairs.
PLV-NSTP Mission Statement-

To provide the youth of our nation an efficient and effective volunteer that will make them
skillful, productive, competent, competitive, civic minded and GOD-Loving toward
peaceful, healthy and other similar endeavors in the service of the nation
12 Little Things Our Youth to Help Our Country Based

on the Book by Alexander Lacson
1. Be On Time. Honor your commitments
2. Fall in Line. Respect others and wait for your turn
3. Sing our National Anthem
4. Study well. Give your best in everything you do.
5. Be Honest. Say NO to cheating, lying, stealing. Report any crime or any illegal
act
6. Conserve water. Plant a tree. Throw your trash properly.
7. Stay healthy. Avoid cigarettes, drugs and vices
8. Buy Pinoy. Do not buy fake or smuggled goods.
9. Save. Plan ahead. Learn business early.
10. During elections, choose and support candidates who stand for what is right
and good.
11. Respect your elders. Practice ―mano po, say ―po and ―opo
12. Pray for our country and our people.
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1st Little Thing BE ON TIME.

Honor your commitments.
Punctuality requires little discipline.

But it will need a lot of respectability & efficiency.
―Time is more precious than gold, for when it lost, it is lost forever. (Richard Cecil)
―I believe, and do firmly believe, that the prosperity of a people depends upon the
people itself. (Emilio Jacinto)
This 1st Little Thing may sound very simple. But it addresses one of the most
noticed and talked about negative traits off the Filipino – that of always being late
for something.
Yes, we Filipinos are known for always being late. This is an observation common
among many foreigners
In the Philippines, as well as balikbayans who come to the country for business
or leisure. Some make fun of it and say that the ―Filipino Time‖ means always
late. To others, it means ―no time‖ at all.
―Filipino Time‖ is one of our weak points as a people. It seems to imply that we
are people lacking in discipline, courtesy and responsibility.
We believe there is. Let’s make ―Filipino Time‖ mean being on time, all the time.
You, our youth, could set the standard. You our youth, could spark a cultural
revolution with this simple thing. If each one of you would start coming to meetings,
events and appointments on time, we will be able to erase the negative connotation
of ―Filipino time‖. It may take a while, even many years, but it can be done. And
it will take all of us to do it.
Honor your commitments. Your word is bond. Remember, as world famous author
John Maxwell said, that integrity is not determined by circumstances, but by the
choices you make. Choose to honor your commitments. Be responsible for them.
Integrity is about the small things, even if it’s just keeping time.
The fact that Filipinos who live or work in different countries abroad are able to
adjust to the culture of punctuality in their host countries, shows that tardiness is
not something that is culturally ingrained in us as a people. Rather, it is only
brought about by the environment or circumstances that do not allow for the better
time management.
Reflection:
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1.How does the concept of ―Filipino Time‖ affect our identity as a people?
2.Could you recall instances when your colleagues or friends were late and they
passed on the blame to other factors such as extreme traffic, erring drivers, heavy
rains or flooding?
3.How do you usually feel when you have to wait for long hours before meetings
(and other events) begin because of the other attendees arriving so late?
2nd Little Things FALL IN LINE.

Respect others & wait for your turn
―Sa ikauunlad ng ating bayan, disiplina ang kailangan.
―Respect creates order and harmony in society‖

(Confucius)
―You shall love your country after God and your honor and more than yourself:
for she is the only Paradise which god has given you in this life, the only patrimony
of your race, the only heritance of your ancestors, and the only hope of your
prosperity; because of her, you have life, love and interests, happiness, honor and
God. (Apolinario Mabini)
The 2nd Little Thing – Fall in line –also sounds simple and ordinary. But it also
tries to address or solve one of the ugliest things we see every day in our society.
Unahan sa pila. Singitan sa kalsada. Sigawan at patayan dahil sa trapik. Walang

respetuhan. Kanya kanya mentality.
There are 2 aspects of this:
First, on discipline person.
The simple act of falling in line or following traffic rules is a sign, not only of
discipline, but of profound education. It is an indication that person knows what
right from wrong, what is good from bad.
Falling in line reflects on our character as a people. It reflects on our discipline as

a people. It also reveals the level of our education as a people.
There is very good saying which goes – ―If you want to truly know a person, visit
him at his home. If you want to truly know a people, visit their country.
Second aspect, Not falling in line

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It is a symptom of graver problem in our society, the mentality that puts one’s self
ahead of everyone else.
Bakit kaya maraming mga negosyante, sarili at pamilya lang ang iniisip? Hindi
siniswelduhan ng tama ang mga empleyado. Maraming mga kumpanya, billions
or hundreds of millions ang kinikita taon taon, pero maliliit ang sweldo at
benepisyong binibigay sa kanilang mga empleyado. Tuloy, kukonti lang ang
yumayaman. Karamihan sa mga empleyado, hirap pa rin sa buhay.
We can never become one as a people, if only a few would continue to enjoy having
so much, while the many strive to survive with so little.
Too often we forget, that we are one people, that we are one family, that we are
one nation.
Too often we forget, that we all belong to one another.
Reflection:
1. What did you feel upon learning that the simple act of falling in line and waiting
for your turn is among the features in this book?
2. What can you say about the simplicity of this suggestion? Is it relevant?
3. Do you get annoyed due to the lack of discipline of the other people especially
in crowded areas such as the MRT, LRT, cinemas, banks, or other public places?
4. Do you agree with the idea that by simply falling in line and waiting for your
turn, you become part of the hope of our nation?
3rd Little Thing

While our Flag is the symbol of our national being, our Lupang Hinirang
is the melody of our national soul.
Is there any love that is nobler, purer, and more sublime than the love of one’s
country? (Andres Bonifacio)
―My little town . . . Is to me the dearest spot on earth. I love it despite its poverty
and backwardness. And so my country. Its defects server to awaken in me a
greater sense responsibility to love more and serve it without limit. (Luis Taruc)
This one of the simplest acts we can do to honor the Filipino and our Motherland.
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While our Flag is the symbol of our national being, our Lupang Hinirang is melody
of our national soul.
Truly, many Filipinos had shed tears and blood for all the dreams and aspirations
contained in our Lupang Hinirang.
The least we can do, we who live in the present times of relative peace, is to sing
it with pride and honor.
It would be wonderful to remember, Jose Rizal, Andres Bonifacio, Ninoy Aquino

and whenever our other heroes whenever we see the Flag and sing our Lupang
Hinirang.
What is being asked of us is really very little – to stand up, put our right palm over
our chest, and sing the anthem with pride.
Children do this best, as they are trained to do it in school. But our youth should
do it wherever and whenever it is called for. And parents should lead the way –
our children always do what we do. They always become who we are. They will
follow how we do it. They will imbibe our feelings and pride.
In the eyes of the foreigners around, it will be cause for admiration. If you will
notice, wherever in the world, people always admire those who love their country
passionately.
Our national anthem stands as a living symbol of our story as a people. So many
in the past have fought and preserved for our country. So many in the past have
competed so hard for our nation in international competitions. And when they won,
they broke down and cried when our national anthem was played.
Singing our national anthem with pride is honouring the Filipino in you.
When we do it, we become part of the hope of the Filipino.
Reflection:
1. What is our Lupang Hinirang to you?
2. Have you ever seen other nationalities as they sing their national anthem? What
can you say about the way they sing?
stand and sing our national anthem properly?
4. In school or other places, do you observe people who stop walking for a while
to join the singing of our national anthem?
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4th little thing

STUDY WELL.
Give you best in everything you do.
―Lazy geniuses! There are no such men. Laziness and genius never go hand in
hand. Each excludes the other.
―Our Creator wants the best, the highest, and the most wonderful for us as a
people. We should desire less for ourselves as a nation.
The size for your dreams today will determine who and what you will become
tomorrow. If you dream small today, you will certainly be big today, you can be
big tomorrow.
A country’s tomorrow can be seen in it its youth today. Many have said that in
different ways, at various eras, but the powerful truth it carries remain the same.
Truly, we can say that we can predict our nation’s future by merely looking at the
condition of our youth today.
The best way to prepare for future is now. The best way to prepare for tomorrow
is today.
To you, our youth, may you dream of big and bold dreams for yourselves. May
you set your hearts on high and lofty goals for your families. But may you also
aspire for greater and higher things for our country. May you pursue all these with
equal fervor.
May you study hard and educate yourself because your generation will live in
times more difficult than our generation. Your generation will become more and
more scientific, more technology – based, information –based, and knowledge –
based. The population growth, the scarcity of resources, the availability of work or
business opportunities, all these and more will make your generation more difficult
than all previous generation.
May you study hard and adequately prepare yourself. For you, our youth, will
eventually have to compete with the youths of our neighbor countries and the rest
of the world. You will eventually have to carry our country’s name and national
flag as against the youths of other countries.
Education is empowerment in the truest sense of the word. It is the greatest
equalizer in life. If you are educated, even if you are poor, the high and the mighty
will listen to you. If you are educated, even you are poor, the most powerful of men
will think a hundred times before violating your rights and liberties.
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May you study hard and educate yourself because if you do so, you become part
of the solution.
Eight (8) Principle of Success

1) Dream BIG!
2) Develop the best strategy on how to achieve your Dream.
3) Hard work & Discipline
4) Focus & be good at one thing
5) Honor
6) Have Models. Hitch your wagon on a Star
7) Positive Attitude & Outlook
8) Faith. Always ask God for help
Reflection:
1. Do you know consider changing your attitude in academics and extra-curricular
activities as a simple contribution to our country?
2. How do you see the relevance of your academics in pursuit of your aspirations
in life?
3.How can you help the country by striving for excellence?
5th Little Things

BE HONEST. SAY NO CHEATING, STEALING & LYING. Report any crime or
illegal act.
―We are only free to do good things.

(Apolinario Mabini)
―I have asked myself many times:

Is the Filipino worth suffering, or even dying for?
I have carefully weighed the virtues and faults of the Filipino, and I have come to
the conclusion that he (the Filipino) is worth dying for…
(Ninoy Aquino)
―The true Filipino is person of honor.

He would use his freedom to do good to others.
In the face of hunger, he would prefer to starve than to steal.
The biggest problems in our government today and in the past are all about honor,
or the lack of it.
They are all about cheating, stealing and lying. The 2 most important things in
every public office – the public funds and the powers of the office – are often abused
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or misused by the occupant of the office. The public funds are either stolen or
misused for personal gain, while the powers are abused or used for personal
benefit.
The problem of graft and corruption in the government has grown to very alarming
proportions that our Philippines has been ranked by foreign institutions for several
consecutive years as one of the most, if not the most, corrupt country in Asia.
It is as if say that the Filipino is corrupt. It is as if to say that our children, our
youth, are corrupt.
We truly hope that the world’s perception of our country will change under present
leadership.
Reflection:
1.How could you relate to the suggestion cited in this chapter?
2.Have you ever tried to report an erring taxi driver or abusive policeman to
appropriate authorities?
3.What can you say about the notion that most Filipinos do not care something
wrong is happening around them for as long as they are not affected?
5. Could you share personal encounters that you were tested not to draw the line
in cheating or lying?
6th Little thing

CONSERVE WATER.PLANT A TREE.
Throw your trash or garbage properly.
―Yes we are alive today.

But what about the next generation?
(N. Duhyalungsod)
―Wherever you are in the world, or in our archipelago, you are part of the whole,
you part of the Filipino Family.
―Every person has the power to make a difference.

And everyone should try.
(John F Kennedy)
Many wars in history were caused by quarrels over resources like land, gold, and
oil.
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But today, many say that sometime in the near future, the cause for wars among
nations will be water – clean and potable water.
Technology has connected us and made our world so much smaller. And the
environment, or what is happening to it, is bringing humanity together in more
ways than one.
We are part of the environment. The environment is part of us. Whichever way we
look at it, the environment and we, human beings, are linked to each other word,
will eventually have effects or consequences in other part of the world. So wherever
we are in the world, we must do our part, whether it is just throwing trash
responsibly, or recycling or aiming for zero waste.
Truly, as Mahatma Gandhi said – ―we must be the change we want to see in the
world.
Reflection:
1. What can you share about the most recent tragedy? Do you know friends or
relatives’ friends or relatives who were affected by this catastrophe?
Japan? What did you feel about it?
3.Is your residence among the areas affected by the scarcity of waters supply in
the past?
4. What do you think of the idea of planning one seedling during your birthday?
7th
STAY HEALTHY
Avoid cigarettes, drugs, and vices.
―Today is the product of all your choices yesterday. Tomorrow will be the product
of the all choices you make today.
―You are the architect of your success, you are also the architect of your failure or
destruction.
―The most difficult to discipline is oneself.

But he who can discipline himself today, can predict his tomorrow.
You – our – youth are the hope of our nation.
You must have heard this a million times by now. And it may sound like an over
– used cliché to you.
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But the truth behind that statement is true, and in fact remains powerfully true.
So what you do to yourself today is not only your concern. It is also our concern,
your elders in our society.
For truly, you – our youth – are the hope of our nation. You are our future!
So we hope you understand why we have to protect you from habits that can be
harmful to you.
Also, the youth are the highest drugs users in this country.
Drugs will destroy your studies. It will make you an addict before you know it.
It can also lead you to commit crimes.
Drugs destroy lives. It can destroy yours.
The best policy is to avoid them.
Reflection:
1. Why do you think people smoke?
2. Do you drink? If yes, do you set your boundaries?
of people you know who smoke and drink?
4. What advice can you give to the authorities in curbing the proliferation of illegal
drugs?
5.How can staying away from vices help you and our country?
8th
BUY PINOY.
Do not buy fake or smuggled goods.
―I am Filipino – inheritor of a glorious past…

In my dreams runs the immortal seed of heroes –
Seed that flowered down the centuries
In deeds of courage & defiance.
(Carlos P. Romulo)
―Have faith in the Filipino

The Filipino is among the most talented in the world.
―We can create prosperity for the Filipino

If we learn to love and support one another as a people.
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Supporting Pinoy products and talents, patronizing our own, is not simply a matter
of pride. It is also a matter of survival for our people, for our nation. It is good
economics, as it could mean the creation of jobs for our people in our own country.
Therefore, it is also a social duty for every Filipino, as it means helping our people,
especially the parents, not be separated from their children or families because
they could not find jobs here in our own land.
Supporting Pinoy products and talents is a patriotic duty of every Filipino, young
and old, wherever he or she may be in our archipelago or in the world. And in
these times of globalization, where the products of other countries could come to
our shores and markets easily, this duty becomes even more important.
You, our youth, our nation’s hope, have the chance to help change that – simply
by buying our own. In strengthening our own products and industries, you give
value to our own efforts.
Our simple act of buying Filipino products supports our Motherland, especially in
these times when our country needs every little bit of help from each one of us. It
is an act of patriotism. It is an of Bayanihan
Reflection:
1. What Filipino brand do you consistently patronize?
– made products?
3. Pick five products you usually buy. Which of them is Filipino – made?
4. When was the last time you bought an authentic copy of DVD?
9th
SAVE. PLAN AHEAD.
Learn business early.
―It is discipline
That will allow us to attain the best
That we can ever be‖
―He who learns early, succeeds in life early.

(Jack Canfield)
―I have an abiding faith in our people.

I know that they have all the faculties needed
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To become a powerful & enlightened nation

The Filipino is not inferior to any man of any race.
(Manuel L. Quezon)
To become successful in life, it is no longer enough to get good grades in school.
To get a head start on life, you, our children, must also become financially literate.
Simply put, you must learn not only how to make a living, but also, more
importantly, how to save, invest and manage your money.
You, our children, are luckier than us. Financial literacy is now part of the
curriculum for high school students. The Internet has opened many opportunities
for young people to earn money, put up small businesses, invest and save. Even
if all you have is a small allowance, there are still opportunities to make that grow.
Reflection:
1.What is the biggest amount you have saved so far?
2.What are the temptation you often encounter which lead you to impulsive
buying?
began working?
10th Little Thing

DURING ELECTIONS, choose and support candidates who stand for what
is right & good.
―I have faith in the Filipino. I believe that…

Filipino can resolve any difficulty and achieve his vision of a good and just society.
(Ninoy Aquino)
―The Filipino people have always proved themselves bigger than leaders. Filipino leaders
may come and go, but not the
Filipino people who will continue treading on towards the one destiny the God of Nations
has designated for them.
―When we learn to become one, to do good things together, we will achieve more as
people.
The youth has the biggest voting number in the country.
Truly, our youth can elect president, vice president, and all the senators that they want
elected in the country. By their sheer number, they can have the kind of leaders that they
want in our government.
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In choosing candidates to support, I hope you put the highest premium on Honesty as a
qualification for leadership. Honesty should be higher in importance than intelligence or
academic credentials. As one leader said, ―intelligence without morality is a grave
menace to society. Honesty is crucial for public office, to protect two things – the public
funds entrusted to the office, and the powers inherent in that office, both of which belong
to, or should serve, the people.
Honesty is crucial in public office, to protect two things—the public funds entrusted to the
office, and the powers inherent in that office, both of which belong to, or should serve, the
people. any public office
Dr. Jose Rizal said it eloquently more than 100 years ago.
―It is enough for good people to do nothing, for the evil ones to succeed.
We are all part of the problem. We are all partly to blame.
But the good thing is, we are also the answer. We are also the solution.
Reflection:
1. What can the youth do to encourage more people to vote?
2. How important do you think your vote is?
3. Have you ever been part of movements supporting ethical candidates during elections
in the past?
4. What do you feel towards people who no longer vote?
5. Could you cite reasons why more and more people no longer believe in importance of
elections in our country?
11th Little Thing

RESPECT OUR ELDERS.
Practice “mano po”. Say “po” and “opo”
―It all starts with love and respect.

If there is love and respect, there will be harmony.
If there is harmony, there will be unity.
If there is unity, there will be development & prosperity in society.
If there is prosperity, we can reach our common destiny.
―There’s beauty in everything, but not everyone sees it.

But not everyone sees it.
(Confucius)
―Our Creator has put so much beauty & greatness in our being, but many among us do
not see it.
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There is so much nobility and greatness in the Filipino. There is so much in the Filipino
that we can contribute to humanity, to enrich it and perhaps humanize it more.
Kabayanihan can bring out the kapatid and the bayani in every Filipino, especially in
every Filipino youth. Even through small acts of patriotism, every Filipino youth can be
part of the solution.
Kabayanihan should be the cultural anchor of Filipino people. It captures the essense of
what we truly are as a people. This is who the real Filipino is.
Kabayanihan promotes the wide use of ―”mano po”, which is distinctly and beautifully
Filipino.
Our ―”mano po” is a habit and tradition that truly captivates the hearts of foreigners who
come to our shores. Our respect for our elders is truly one of our best traits as a people.
Bayanihan is something we can that we Filipinos can contribute to the world.
Reflection:
1. In your home, do you still practice ―Mano po?
2. How do you react to the notion that most of the kids today no longer say ―Po and ―Opo‖
when speaking to elders?
3. Do you see the importance of continuing these distinct traditions?
12th Little Thing

PRAY FOR OUR COUNTRY & PEOPLE.
―We are one people when we pray.

This is our treasure – our faith.
(Horacio dela Costa)
―I know that God has not abandoned those people who, in their supreme moments, have
trusted Him and made Him the judge of their cause.
(Jose Rizal)
―The world has yet to see what God can, do to and through a faithful child, like the
Filipino.
The Filipino is essentially a person of faith.
We pray together, we become one people.
There is power in prayer. And there is so much power in people praying as one.
God is the fairest, the most just of all. His fairness is the fairest of all. His justice, the
most sublime of all.
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May you, our youth, pray for our country and people, even just simple ―bless our land‖.
Truly, there is so much we can do to help our people and our country.
And prayer is one of the most wonderful among them.
But prayer without action or charity is nothing.
God is in every human being. He resides and could be found in every person.
We must pray as people, but we must also act to help one another, as one
people.
Reflection:
1. Do you believe in the power of prayer? Do you believe in the power of the
people praying?
2. When was the last time you have included in your prayers our country
and our people?
3. On your personal capacity, do you think supporting this cause could be
regularly practiced?
4. Before you go to bed tonight, what issues about our country would you
be willing to pray
MORAL RECOVERY PROGRAM
Knowing Oneself (Who Am I?)

a. Strengths
b. Weakness and discovering the potentials
c. Personal development through human values
d. Personal Leadership
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The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People

Part I- Triumphant Within: Building Inner Security
Introduction
• How do I Achieve Personal and Interpersonal Effectiveness?
• Practice The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People
• Move from Dependence to Interdependence
• Assess Your Paradigms
The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People
• will help you lead your life in a truly effective way. The habits build on
each other, creating a process of personal and interpersonal growth and
development. By practicing these habits, you can expect to; Gain
control over your life.
• Get focused and organized.
• Enhance your relationships.
• Improve your communication.
• Achieve work/ life balance
• The chains of habit are generally too small to be felt until they are too
strong to be broken. —Samuel Jackson
1. Be Proactive
a. Take responsibility for your life
2. Begin with the End in Mind
a. Define your purpose and mission in life
3. Put First Things First
a. Prioritize and do the most important things first
4. Think Win-Win
a. Have an everyone-can-win attitude.
5. Seek First to Understand, then to Be Understood
a. Listen to people sincerely
6. Synergize
a. Work together to achieve more
7. Sharpen the Saw
a. Renew yourself regularly to achieve work/ life balance
When I was young and free and my imagination had no limits,

I dreamed of changing the world;
As I grew older and wiser I realized the world would not change. seemed
immovable. family, those closest to me, but alas they would have none of it. And
now here I lie on my deathbed and realize herein (perhaps for the first time) that
if only I’d change myself first, then by example I may have influenced my family
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and with their encouragement and support I may have bettered my country and
who knows, I may have changed the world. —An Anglican Bishop
Assess your paradigms
• A paradigm is the way an individual perceives, understands, and interprets the

surrounding world. If you want significant changes in your life, you must first change
your paradigm—the way you SEE things. When you SEE a situation a certain way,
you tend to DO things that support your attitude. What you GET in turn influences your
paradigms.
HABIT 1: Be Proactive the Habit of Choice
• How Can I Gain More Control Over My Life?

• Practice Habit 1: Be Proactive
• Avoid Reactive Behavior and Language
• Practice Proactive Behavior and Language
• Focus on What You Can Influence
• Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself.
—Leo Tolstoy
Habit 1: Be Proactive
• The Habit of Choice
• Be Proactive means having the freedom to choose and increasing your influence.
When you are proactive, you choose how you want to respond to circumstances
instead of automatically reacting to them.
• Circumstances has no power over you. Your inner weather is always and forever
at your command. —Olga Rosmanith
Avoid Reactive Behavior and Language
Reactive people respond to stimuli without thinking or controlling their reactions.

They react based on their moods in the heat of the moment.
• Reactive Behavior
• Get angry and say things they regret.
• Whine and complain.
• Blame other people and things.
• Act like victims.
• Don’t take accountability for their actions
• Reactive Language
• You make me so angry.
• It’s not my fault.
• I couldn't help it.
• That’s just the way I am.
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• I have to do it.
Practice Proactive Behavior and Language
• Proactive people stop long enough—sometimes just half a second—to allow

themselves to choose a response a based on their values and principles.
Proactive behavior
➢ Focus on solution
➢ Take responsibility
➢ Take initiative to make things
➢ Think before acting
Proactive Language
➢ Remain calm
➢ I’m sorry
➢ I choose
➢ Let’s look at all of our options
➢ I can
Focus on what you can influence

• You can divide events and circumstances into two categories: things you can influence through
choices (Circle of Influence) and the things that may concern you, but that you have little to no
influence over (Circle of Concern)
• Proactive people focus on what they can influence and don’t worry about what they can’t. In
contrast, reactive people focus on their Circle of Concern, losing sight of those things they can truly
influence.
• As far as your self-control goes, as far goes your freedom. —Marie von EbnerEschenbach
• You have control over three things—what you think, what you say, and how you behave. To make
a change in your life, you must recognize that these gifts are the most powerful tools you possess
in shaping the form of your life. —Sonya Friedman
Habit 2: Begin with the end in mind

The habit of Vision
• How Do I Live With Purpose and Vision?
• Practice Habit 2: Begin With the End in Mind
• Prepare to Write a Personal Mission Statement
• Draft Your Personal Mission Statement
----What lies behind us is nothing compared to what lies within us and ahead of us.
-Anonymous
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Practice Habit 2: Begin with the End in Mind

• The Habit of Vision
• The best way to predict your future is to create it. Habit 2: Begin with the End in Mind teaches
you how to live with vision, mission and purpose.
• Nothing contributes so much to tranquilize the mind as a steady purpose, — a point on which the
soul may fix its intellectual eye. —Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley
• On this next clip, Dr. Covey shares the importance of having a goal. But it is not just having a
goal, more importantly is knowing if you are getting there mentally, then physically.
• Highly effective people Begin with the End in Mind in everything they do. Instead of letting other
people or circumstances determine their destiny, they mentally plan and then physically create
their own positive results. What they have in their mind shapes their future.
Prepare to Write a Personal Mission Statement

• A mission statement expresses your personal sense of purpose and meaning in life. It can come
in the form of a document, poem, collage, or song. It acts as governing constitution by which
you evaluate your decisions and choose your behavior.
Benefits of a Personal Mission Statement:
• Encourages you to think deeply about your life
• Helps you examine your innermost thoughts and feelings Clarifies what is
really important to you.
• Expands your perspective
• Imprints self-determined values and purposes firmly in your mind
• Provides direction and commitment to values
• Enables you to make daily progress toward long-term goals (when connected to
daily and weekly plans)
• Provides the first or mental creation of your desired results for your life
Evaluating Our Scripts

• The process of writing a mission statement allows us to reevaluate our old
scripts (created by the social mirror) and create new scripts based on principles.
Creating a Personal Mission Statement involves as much discovery as it does
creation. We envision and explore our future using the four endowments:
• self-awareness,
• Who am I? I can know my weaknesses and so are my strength
• imagination,
• What may happen if I choose otherwise?
• conscience, and
• Those things I know right, do they feel right?
• independent will.
• I think– I choose– I am!
• What am I about?
• What are the qualities of character I would like to emulate? …Be
• What legacy do I want to leave?
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HAVE: RESULTS YOU WANT TO ACHIEVE

• Your “haves” may be tangible possessions (e.g., a house)
or they may be intangible (e.g., a happy family)
• What are the five (5) things or experiences you wish to
have?
DO: CONTRIBUTIONS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS
• “Do” addresses the contributions and accomplishments that lie to your purpose
and values. It answers the questions, “What am I about?” Think about and respond
to the questions below.
• When I daydream, what do I see myself doing?
• If I had unlimited time and resources, what would I choose to do?
• When I look at my work life, which activities do I consider of greatest worth?
• When I look at my personal life, which activities do I consider of greatest worth?
• What do I consider to be my most important future contribution to others?
• Are there things I feel really should do even though I might have dismissed such thoughts many
times before for various reasons? What are they?
BE: LOOK TO AN INFLUENCE PERSON

• People influence others through their behavior, feelings, and lifestyle. Undoubtedly, a number of
people have served as patterns or sources of inspiration for you. The following exercise will help
you discover the character traits you value most.
• Who has served as a positive role model for me and has had a significant impact in my life? Why
did that person have such a significant impact?
• What qualities does this person possess that I would like to emulate?
• What other qualities of character do I most admire in others?
BE: YOUR LIFE’S LEGACY
• In your personal or work life, you may act in several roles. For example, you may have one role in
administration, one in marketing, one as a manager, and still another in long-range planning. In
your personal life, you may also act in several roles. You may be a sibling, a spouse, a parent, a
cousin, or a grandchild. You may be a volunteer, or a community officer. These roles can provide
a natural framework to help you define what you want to be.
• Use the boxes below to complete the following steps:
• Think of up to seven key roles in your life. To keep the number of roles at or below seven, you
may want to group some roles together. For example, you may define, you may define our
various family roles as simply ―family member.
• Write your roles and the name of a key person in each role in the ―Relationships‖ boxes.
• Next, visualize your 80th birthday celebration. Attending the celebration are the key people from
each role. In the ―Tribute Statement‖ boxes, write a brief statement describing how you would
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like the key person in each respective role to perceive you and what tribute you hope they would
give you.
Sample Mission Statements
My Symphony
To live content with small means, to seek elegance
rather than luxury, and refinement rather than
fashion; To be worthy, not respectable, and
wealthy, not rich;
To study hard, think quietly, talk gently, act frankly;
To listen to stars and birds, to babes and sages, with open heart;
To bear all cheerfully, to do all bravely,
await occasions, hurry never;
in a word, to let the spiritual, unbidden and unconscious,
Grow up through the uncommon. This is to be my symphony. --William Ellery
Channing
Resolution by Mahatma Gandi
Let the first act of every morning be to make the following resolve: I shall not fear
anyone on earth. I shall fear only God. I shall not bear ill toward anyone. I shall not
submit to injustice from anyone. I shall conquer untruth by truth. And in resisting
untruth, I shall put up with all suffering
The mission of our family
• is to create a nurturing place of

• order, love, happiness, and relaxation, and
• to provide opportunities for each person to become
• responsibly independent and effectively interdependent,
• in order to achieve worthwhile purpose.
Mapagmahal at tapat sa pamilya, sa mga taong mahalaga sa akin.

Marangal sa trabaho, madaling pakisamahan, maingat sa salita
May paggalang sa damdamin ng iba nguni’t hindi takot magsalita kung
kinakailangan. Laging naghahanap ng paraan para makatulong kung
kinakailangan. Inaalagaan ang sarili at ang mga mahal sa buhay para sa
pangkasalukuyan … at sa panghinaharap.
Draft Your Personal Mission Statement
• Write for five minutes without stopping.
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• When you can’t think of anything else to write, keep your pen or pencil moving
until something else comes to mind.
• Don’t worry what it looks like. Get your thoughts down on paper.
Continue to Refine and Revise
• Find time to get away from the fast pace of life. Go to a quiet, peaceful place
where you can think deeply about your life and your purpose.
• As you revise and refine your mission statement, keep it in your organizing tool
or something you carry with you. Refer to it often. Use it as a standard by
which to judge decisions and actions.
Periodically Review and Evaluate
• Express timeless, proven principles that produce quality-of-life results?

• Represent the best that is within me?
• Provide direction and purpose for me?
• Challenge and motivate me?
• Inspire me?
• Provide security and comfort for me?
• Communicate my vision and values?
• Address all significant roles in my life?
• Approach and integrate all four fundamental human needs and capacities
(physical, social/emotional, mental, and spiritual)?
Practice Habit 3: Put First Things First

• The Habit of Integrity and Execution
• Habit 3: Put First Things First helps you identify and eliminate unimportant
activities that rob you of your time. This allows you to focus on what matters
most in your personal and professional lives
Focus on Important Tasks
Urgent
• An activity that you or others feel requires immediate attention.
Important
• An activity that you fine valuable and that contributes to you mission, values,
and high priority goals.
ANTICIPATE QUADRANT I ACTIVITIES BY SPENDING TIME IN QUADRANT II

• Given the nature of the world we live in, we are sure to encounter Quadrant I
activities. We choose to deal with them because they are important. However, if
we anticipate Quadrant I activities and do something early on to prevent them
or prepare for them (thereby lessening or eliminating the urgency), we will be
more effective and feel less stressed.
ELIMINATE UNIMPORTANT ACTIVITIES
• (QUADRANTS III AND IV)
• Unimportant matters (Quadrant III and Quadrant IV activities) gnaw at your time
and other resources. Effective people identify and eliminate activities that don’t
further the fulfillment of their mission. They also ask themselves questions like
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those following when confronted with a Quadrant I activity they suspect may be in
Quadrant III.
• Planning is like filling up a bucket with different rocks. Big Rocks are the important
ones, while the small rocks are what we usually call time fillers. We cannot really
manage time we can only spend it. What we manage are the events in our lives.
Let us watch this video demonstration.
Plan Weekly
• Weekly planning helps you identify your most important tasks, prioritize and
schedule them, and achieve you’re your highest priorities.
Tips for Weekly Planning

• Identify a time to plan before the week begins.
• Determine a quiet place where you can plan.
• Set aside 15 –20mins. to plan for the week.
Tips for Weekly Planning

• identify a time to plan before the week begins.
• Determine a quiet place where you can plan.
• Set aside 15 –20mins. to plan for the week.
Steps to Weekly Planning

• Review mission and roles.
• Choose big rocks.
• Schedule the week.
• Effective people have genuine Quadrant I crises and emergencies that require their
immediate attention, but the number is comparatively small. They keep P and PC
in balance by focusing on the important, but not urgent, activities of Quadrant II.
—Stephen R. Covey
Step 1. Connect to Mission

• Connecting to your mission is linking your mind and heart to your worthwhile
purpose. When you reflect on your mission statement, the things you think about
and care about merge. Your mission statement can act as a catalyst to achieve
worthwhile purposes.
• Reflecting weekly on your mission statement puts you in touch with what you want
to be, do, and have. While reciting from memory or reading your mission statement
will help you connect to your mission, picturing yourself living your mission will
help you connect to your purpose even more.
Step 2. Review Roles

• When you organize your life into roles, you will be able to clearly see the balance
or imbalance among them. In these smaller units, you can manageably work
toward living your mission. As you review your roles in light of your mission, you
will be able to achieve more balance and unity in your life.
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Step 3. Identify Goals

• Within each role, select goals each week that will help you achieve those things
that are truly important to you. Weekly goals are not typical to-do’s, but represent
high leverage, important activities that:
• Contribute to long-term happiness and well-being.
• Advance the fulfillment of your mission.
• Encourage improvement and a ―do it right the first time‖ mentality.
• Fulfill the four human needs (i.e., physical, social/emotional, mental, and spiritual).
• Create a long-term solution.
• Enhance relationships.
Step 4. Organize Weekly

• Daily planning only provides you with a limited view of what is important—it
encourages a Quadrant I focus. Although monthly planning gives you a greater
view of what is important, too many things change during the month to plan
effectively. To clarify your perspective and allow yourself a manageable amount of
time to plan Quadrant II activities, use your weekly planning session to organize
your life and keep focused on important matters.
• Schedule the ―Big Rock”
Step 5. Exercise Integrity in the Moment of Choice

• People with integrity make and keep meaningful promises and commitments to
themselves and others that are in line with their mission statement. Every wise
choice affirms the question, ―Does this choice lead me toward what I really want?
• Exercising integrity is a moment-by-moment choice. At every moment we choose
whether or not we will actively work toward what we want to be, do, and have.
Step 6. Evaluate
• As you sit down to plan your next week’s activities, look back and evaluate what
worked well and what should be changed to help you accomplish your goals.
Consistently evaluating your progress can help you learn from what you have or
have not done. If you are going to succeed in your roles and accomplish effective
goals, at the end of each week you must evaluate the lessons learned, revisit your
mission, and apply the evaluation results. Evaluate Lessons Learned
• Was accomplishing these goals the best use of your time?
• What unmet goals should you carry into the coming week?
• What patterns of success and failure do you see in setting and achieving goals?
What keeps getting in the way of accomplishing goals? Are you creating
unrealistic expectations?
• Revisit Your Mission
• Review your mission statement and compare your past week’s activities with what
you want to be, do, and have.
• Apply Evaluation Results Once you have reviewed the past week for lessons
learned and for how well the goals you worked on tied in your mission, apply what
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you have discovered. Set a goal to change your results. Write it on your weekly
worksheet under the correct role. Following the six-step process will help you put
first things first in your life.
• ―One’s philosophy is not best expressed in words; it’s expressed in the choice one
makes. In the long run, we shape our lives and we shape ourselves. The process
never ends until we die. And the choices we make are ultimately our responsibility”
—Eleanor Roosevelt
Part II- SYNERGY IN THOUGHTS AND IN ACTIONS:

BUILDING INTERDEPENDENCE
An Introductory Seminar on Public Victory
• Introduction
• How Do I Achieve Personal and Interpersonal Effectiveness?
• Practice The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People
• Move From Dependence to Interdependence
Habit 4: Think Win-Win

The Habit of Mutual Benefit
• The Public Victory begins when you cooperate so everyone wins. Habit 4: Think
Win-Win is based on the principle that effective, long-term relationships require
cooperation by seeking mutual benefit—solutions that allow everyone to succeed.
Assess Your Mindset
• Your mindset influences your interactions—positive or negative—with
others. Win-win is a mindset that seeks mutual benefit.
Win-Win Character
• Your character communicates your deepest beliefs and values. A win-win person
possesses three-character traits: integrity, maturity and Abundance Mentality.
Trustworthiness flows out of character traits.
• Integrity—People of integrity are true to their feelings, values, and commitments.
• Maturity—Mature people express their ideas and feelings with courage and with
consideration for the ideas and feelings of others.
• Abundance Mentality —People with an Abundance Mentality believe that there is
plenty for everyone.
• Courage and Consideration Scenario
• You are having a snack break with your head and a co-teacher at the nearby
canteen. The canteen is crowded, and the service is slow. You are feeling pressed
for the time because you have a class that starts in 20 minutes. The service crew
brought everyone else’s orders 15 minutes ago, and they are almost finished
eating. When he finally delivers it, it is not the one you ordered.
Make Deposit into Others’ Emotional Bank Account
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• The Emotional Bank Account is a metaphor for the amount of trust that exists in
your relationships. Just as you make deposits and withdrawals with ordinary
bank accounts, you make emotional deposits and withdrawal with your
relationships.
• People who engage in win-win relationships establish high trust by making
deposits into the Emotional Bank Account. They:
• Demonstrate consistent actions that convince people that they have a well-earned
reputation for honesty, integrity, and loyalty. Their actions are consistent with their
behavior, decisions, and position. Believe in the best of other people.
• Disclose—help others understand their proposition, behavior, and decisions.
• Communicate clear expectations.
• Seek other ideas and listen with empathy.
• Are accurate, timely, and honest in communication.
• Treat people with respect and respond to others’ needs.
• Focus on the positive, but provide constructive feedback on improvement areas.
―Making a consistent, small investment in people can reproduce itself to create an
outstanding return. —Scott Johnson
Win-Win Agreement
• An effective Win-Win Agreement creates clear, mutual understanding and
agreement up front in five areas: desired results, guidelines, resources,
accountability, and consequences.
• DESIRED RESULT—Clarify the end in mind, objectives, and outcomes.
• GUIDELINES—Specify boundaries, and deadline for accomplishing the results.
• RESOURCES—List the human, financial, technical, or organizational resources
available for accomplishing the desired results.
• ACCOUNTABILITY—Identify the standards and methods of measurement for
progress and accomplishment.
• CONSEQUENCES—Determine the result(s) of achieving or not achieving win-win.
Habit 5: Seek First to Understand, Then to be Understood

The Habit of Mutual Understanding
• is based on the principle that diagnosis must precede prescription. Understanding
comes through listening. By seeking to understand others first before expressing
your views, you become a person who others trust.
• Genuine listening means suspending memory, desire, and judgment—and for a
few moments, at least, existing for the other person. —Michael P. Nichols
• We need to listen to one another if we are to make it through this age of apocalypse
and avoid the chaos of the crowd. —Chaim Potok
Levels of Listening
1. Ignoring: Making no effort to listen
2. Pretend Listening: Making believe or giving the appearance, you are listening
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3. Selective Listening: Hearing only the parts of the conversation that interest you
4. Attentive Listening: Paying attention and focusing on what the speaker says and comparing
that to your own experience
5. Empathic Listening: Listening and responding with both the heart and mind to understand
the speaker’s words, intent, and feelings
Don’ts of Empathic Listening: The Danger of Autobiographical Responses.
• No Judging -Don’t agree or disagree with what other person is saying. (That was
really smart...I can’t believe you did that… I totally agree with what you are
saying.)
• No Probing-Don’t ask questions to obtain information to meet your needs or
curiosity. (What happened? Tell me more… What did they say next?)
• No Advising-Don’t recommend solutions and counsel based on your opinions and
needs (The same thing happened to me. Here’s what I recommend… Here’s what I
think… This is what I would do if I were you.) — Everyone’s life is so singular; so
unique. Who will listen to understand that uniqueness? Stephen R. Covey
Effectiveness of Autobiographical Responses

Autobiographical responses might be effective when:
• The nature of the other person’s communication is presented logically, without
emotion.
• The other person specifically asks for help from your point of view.
• The Emotional Bank Account with the other person is very high.
Autobiographical responses might not be effective when:

• The other person only wants a listening ear.
• The other person wants to express and explore his or her own feelings at his or her
own pace without feeling threatened.
• The nature of the other person’s communication is emotional.
EMPATHIC LISTENING
• Reflect Feeling—Concentrate on and echo the way the person feels in your own
words.
• Reflect Meaning—Restate accurately the content of subject matter of what the
person is saying in your own words.
• Use Empathic Listening Starters—
* So, if I am understanding you correctly, you’re saying…
* What I’m hearing is…
* You seem…
* You must have felt…
* You feel __________ about __________.
Empathic Listening Application
• Describe a relationship
• What is your usual response to this situation?
• How does your attitude influence your listening in this relationship?
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• Specifically, what will you do to apply empathy the next time you interact in
this relationship
Habit 6: Synergize: The Habit of Creative Cooperation

• Synergy is when two or more people produce more together than the sum of what
they could produce separately. This is the Third Alternative. Synergy occurs by
valuing differences, cooperating creatively, and brainstorming options and
alternatives.
• Valuing Differences
Tips for Valuing Differences
• Seek out knowledge and information from others to complete your tasks.
• Create or participate on diverse teams.
• Recognize others for their contributions.
• Focus on others’ strengths instead on their weaknesses.
• Solicit other’s ideas in a brainstorming session.
• Avoid stereotyping or labeling others.
Getting to Synergy Action Plan
• Define the Problem or Opportunity
• Their Way (Seek first to understand the ideas of others)
• My Way (Seek to be understood by sharing your ideas)
• Brainstorm (Create new options and ideas)
• High Way (Find the best solution)
• Synergy Challenge
Habit 7: Sharpen the Saw

The Habit of Renewal
• is based on the principle that by taking time out to nurture your body, mind, heart
and soul, you become more effective in every area of your life. In this way, you
take care of your most important asset—you!
Renew in All Four Dimensions
• Sometimes when I consider what tremendous consequences come from little
things… I am tempted to think there are no little things. —Bruce Barton
Schedule Time for Renewal

• Renewal is a gift you give yourself, not an imposition. If you want to live a quality
life and achieve work and life balance, you have to focus on your highest priorities
and execute according to your plans.
Tips for Overcoming Obstacles
• Start Small: Start your renewal l plan with an activity that motivates you. For
example, if you’ve never had the desire to take an astronomy class, then don’t be
unrealistic by choosing to enroll in one now. Choose something that truly interests
you.
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• Keep it Going. Continue any successful activity you’re already doing for renewal.
• Take Your Time. Play with different ideas, experiment until you find the right
combination of things that work for you.
• Don’t Overwhelm Yourself. If all of your renewal activities fill daily time slots, you
could become overwhelmed rather than enlivened. Go easy on yourself and don’t
expect a quick fix.
• Continually Adjust. Very rarely will a plan work forever. Times change, and your
interest and abilities change too. Rotating in new activities will help you stick to
your plan to Sharpen the Saw weekly.
• Be Self-Aware. Your likes, dislikes, and personal style will help you plan activities
that yield your greatest restorative potential. Make time to explore and identify
activities that fall within this category.
• Choose a Buddy. Plan renewal activities that involve someone else. In this way,
you can motivate each other add brainstorm new and creative activities.
• If you want to make a significant improvement, work on your paradigm. If you
want to make more improvements, work on your behavior and attitude.—Stephen
Covey
R.A. 9163: The NSTP Law and Its Implementations

We serve, We commit
For the N.S.T.P.
Won’t quit, Won’t tire
For the N.S.T.P.
Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of the

National Service Training Program (NSTP)
Adopted and Issued: Nov. 13 2009
Legal Basis
Section 12 of Republic Act No. 9163
o DND, CHED & TESDA will jointly responsible for the adoption of the IRR
• Section 1 - It shall be the responsibility of the citizens to defend and promote the
general welfare of the state, hence, the government may require each citizen to
render personal military or civil service
Section 2 – Role of the Youth
• the State shall promote civic consciousness among them and shall
develop their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual and social well-
being. Inculcate the ideals of patriotism, nationalism, and advance
their involvement in public and civic affairs
• they shall be motivated, trained, organized and involved in military,
literacy, civic welfare programs and other similar endeavors in the
service of the nation
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Rule II - Definition of Terms
Section 3. The following terms shall mean:

o ―National Service Training Program‖ (NSTP) – refers to the program
aimed at enhancing civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the
youth, by developing the ethics of service and patriotism while
undergoing training in any of the three (3) Program components,
specifically designed to enhance the youth’s active contribution to the
general welfare
o ―Reserve Officers’ Training Corps‖ (ROTC) – refers to the Program
component, institutionalized under Sections 38 and 39 of Republic Act
No. 7077, designed to provide military training to tertiary level students
in order to motivate, train, organize and mobilize them for national
defense preparedness
o ―Literacy Training Service‖ (LTS) – refers to the Program component
designed to train the students to teach literacy and numeracy skills to
school children, out-of-school youths and other segments of society in
need of their services
o ―Civic Welfare Training Service‖ (CWTS) – refers to the Program
component or activities contributory to the general welfare and the
betterment of life for the members of the community or the enhancement
of its facilities, especially those devoted to improving health, education,
environment, entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and moral of the
citizenry and other social welfare services
o ―Program Component‖ – refers to the service components of NSTP as
defined herein
o ―Clustering‖ – refers to the grouping of students enrolled to different
schools and taking up the same NSTP component into one (1) group
under the management and supervision of a designated school
o ―Cross Enrollment‖ – refers to a system of enrollment were a student is
officially enrolled in an academic program of an origin school but is
allowed to enroll in the NSTP component of another accepting school
o ―Non-Government Organization‖ (NGO) – refers to any private
organization duly accredited by CHED or TESDA
o ―Student Cadet‖ – refers to a student enrolled in the ROTC compo nent
Rule III - Program Implementation
Section 4. Coverage
o All incoming freshmen students, male and female, enrolled in any
baccalaureate and in at least 2-year technical-vocational/associate
courses, are required to complete 1 NSTP component of their choice, as a
graduation requirement.
• Does not cover:
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o Students who graduated from baccalaureate degree or two-year

technical-vocational or associate course and pursuing or enrolled in
another or additional baccalaureate degree in SY 2003-2004,
o Students who completed any of the three NSTP components but
considered freshmen to the course where they transferred or shifted.
o Foreign students or aliens
• All higher educational institutions including State Universities and Colleges (SUCs)
and technical-vocational education institutions must offer upon enrollment, all the
three (3) NSTP components. However, State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) are
required to maintain and provide the ROTC component. In cases that the enrollment
of ROTC Cadets is less than 350 then, the provisions of clustering in Section 7 of
NSTP IRR (RA9163) should be followed.
• Program of study (syllabus) and enrollment forms shall bear the “NSTP” without
stating therein the three components. There shall be an orientation for all NSTP
enrollees to be jointly conducted by the ROTC, CWTS, and LTS
coordinators/implementers. Students enrolled in the first semester of the freshman
year shall be made to undergo a common module phase for 25 hours training
period. Subjects covered are: citizenship training; drug education; disaster
awareness, preparedness and management; environmental protection; and
other national security concerns. Upon completion of the common module
phase, the student must select the specific NSTP program component that he/s will
pursue.
• PMA, PMMA, and PNPA are exempted from the NSTP. Other SUCs of similar nature
will be exempted subject to approval of DND.
• Private Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) and technical- vocational education
institutions with at least 350 student cadets, must establish/maintain a
Department of Military Science and Tactics (DMST), subject to existing rules and
regulations. For DMST previously approved and activated shall retain the status
regardless of the number of cadets. However, for DMST has been created after
approval of this IRR, there must be a minimum of 350 cadets. In cases where the
number of cadets will be lesser than 350 clustering of ROTCU will be undertaken
with the ROTCU of the State University and Colleges within the nearest environ
with the lead role.
• Section 5. Program Components
o The NSTP components: The Reserve Officers Training Corps, Literacy
Training Service (LTS), and Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS)
o Emphasis: on citizenship training, instill patriotism, moral virtues,
respect for the rights of civilians and adherence to the Constitution
• Government agencies concerned may design and implement such other non-
military training components as may be necessary in consonance with the
provisions of R.A. 9163.
• Within 30days - Issuance of minimum standards for the three (3) NSTP components
Section 6. Duration & Equivalent Course Unit

o The NSTP component shall be undertaken for 2 semesters with 3 units credit
per semester (54-90 training hrs per semester
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o OR a One (1) Summer Program (OSP)

o Earned NSTP units shall not be included in the computation of GPA of college
graduating students
Rule III - Program Implementation

Section 7. Clustering & Cross Enrolment
o Clustering of students from different education institutions during
semestral or summer periods may be done
o The school must allow any NSTP student to cross-enroll in any
CHED/TESDA recognized institution. In cases that the enrolment of ROTC
Cadets is less than 350 then, the provisions of clustering in Section 7 of
NSTP IRR (RA9163) should be followed.
o Subject to the existing rules and regulations of the school of origin and the
accepting school
Section 8. Monitoring & Evaluation

Management
• School shall exercise academic and administrative supervision over the design,
formulation, adoption and implementation of the NSTP components
• There should be an NSTP Office headed by an NSTP Director or its equivalent
position. Each of the NSTP components is considered a distinct and/or separate
unit under the NSTP office
• A functional chart of the NSTP Office shall be structured
• In the case of ROTC, the school authorities and DND shall exercise joint
supervision over its implementation
• NGOs contracted by the school must secure a joint accreditation from CHED,
DND and TESDA to formulate and administer training modules for CWTS and
LTS components. CHED, DND and TESDA shall jointly exercise such academic
and administrative supervision with those NGOs. Within forty-five (45) days from
approval and issuance of this IRR, the CHED, TESDA and DND shall issue the
necessary guidelines for the accreditation of non-government organizations
(NGOs) and training modules to be utilized by these NGOs
• The DND shall formulate and administer training modules for the ROTC program
Monitoring
• An NSTP Joint Committee at provincial, regional and national level shall be

created by Tripartite agreement for monitoring all the program components in the
various institutions
• CHED/TESDA Regional Offices, and DND-AFP (through the Major Service
Reserve Commands), shall oversee and monitor the implementation of the NSTP
under their respective jurisdiction, to determine if the trainings conducted are in
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consonance with the Act. These offices shall submit periodic reports to the NSTP
Joint Coordinating Committee
• An Annual NSTP Performance Evaluation (ANPE) shall be conducted towards the
end of the school year to evaluate and determine the achievement of training
objectives of the NSTP three components program
• CHED, TESDA, and DND (through Major Service Reserve Commands) shall
formulate respective evaluation parameters on program administration and
implementation which shall jointly form part in the minimum standards.
• School’s annual report shall be submitted to the CHEDRO copy furnished the
OSS in electronic template, indicating the ff:
o names who finished under each NSTP component,
o the programs, projects and activities undertaken with pictorials and
documentation as much as possible, and
o financial statements on the funds collected, allocated and utilized.
Annual Report shall include all campuses
• The annual report shall be made available to the general public in the NSTP
Office.
• In cases of violations of guidelines, warnings and/or sanctions shall be imposed
Rule IV – Fees & Incentives

Section 9. Fees
o No fees shall be collected except basic tuition not more than 50% of the
charges per academic unit. NSTP tuition collected shall constitute a Trust
Fund
o NSTP fees collected shall constitute a Trust Fund, 70% of which shall be
exclusively used for the operation of the Program. The remaining 30%
retained by the school shall serve as contingency fund especially in
support to un-programmed activities not originally included in the
program of expenditures prepared by the ROTC Commandant or
CWTS/LTS Coordinator and approved by the school head
o NSTP funds shall serve as augmentation to sustain NSTP un-programmed
activities
• The unexpended fund balance shall be carried over to the next semester; provided,
however, NSTP funds shall not be converted into savings at the expense of the
proper implementation of the program
• Subsidies from the government, any legal agency or institution appropriated for
NSTP shall be included in the preparation of the program of expenditure and report
on the utilization of funds.
o Expenditures/disbursements shall be subjected to periodic audits by the
proper school authorities and concerned NSTP officers
o NSTP Component (ROTC/CWTS/LTS) coordinators shall submit a
comprehensive report on the utilization of the NSTP Funds to their
respective NSTP Directors two (2) weeks after the end of every semester.
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ROTC Commandants shall submit the same report to their respective

Major Service Reserve Commands.
• The NSTP Director or its equivalent shall submit a consolidated comprehensive
report on the utilization of the NSTP Funds by program component to the school
head, within 30 calendar days after the end of every semester
• Rental space of school and other similar expenses shall not be charged to NSTP.
Section 10. Incentive, Insurance & Protection

• Incentives
o A program of assistance/incentives for ROTC students shall be provided
and administered by DND, in accordance with existing laws and
regulations and subject to the availability of funds.
o A Special Scholarship Program and other forms of assistance and
incentives for qualified NSTP students shall be administered by CHED and
TESDA, with funds for the purpose to be included in the annual regular
appropriations of the two agencies, subject to the availability of funds
o The college or university may provide scholarship and other forms of
assistance and incentives to qualified and deserving NSTP students, the
funding of which shall come from available NSTP funds of the school.
o Personnel involved in the NSTP shall be provided honorarium and other
incentives based on the standard policy set forth by the HEIs.
• Insurance and Protection

o School authorities concerned, CHED and TESDA shall ensure that health
and accident group insurances are provided for students enrolled in any
of the NSTP components.
o Schools that already provide health and accident group insurance and
collect the necessary fees for the purpose from their students as of the
effectivity of these Rules, are deemed to have complied with this
requirement.
Rule V - Organization of NSTP Graduates
Section 11. Organization of NSTP Graduates
• Graduates of the non-ROTC components of the NSTP shall belong to the National
Service Reserve Corps (NSRC) and could be tapped by the State for literacy and
civic welfare activities, especially in times of calamities through the joint efforts of
DND, CHED and TESDA, in coordination with DILG, DSWD and other concerned
agencies/associations.
• The CHED, TESDA and DND, in consultation with other concerned government and
nongovernment agencies, shall issue the necessary guidelines for the
establishment, organization, maintenance and utilization of the National Service
Reserve Corps.
• Graduates of the ROTC program shall form part of the Citizen Armed Force
pursuant to RA 7077, subject to the requirements of DND
Rule VI - Miscellaneous Provisions
Section 12. Certificate of Completion
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• Certificate of Completion with corresponding serial number issued by CHED, TESDA or

DND, shall be awarded to students who have successfully complied with the program
requirements
Section 13. Information Dissemination
• through different modes of disseminating information
Section 14. Amendatory Clause
• Sec. 35 of Commonwealth act No.1, EO No. 207 of 1939, Sec. 2 & 3 of PD 1706, &
Sec. 38 & 39 of RA 7077, and all other issuances inconsistent with the provisions
of the Act are hereby deemed amended and modified accordingly.
• This IRR may be amended, modified, or replaced jointly by CHED, TESDA and
DND, in consultation with PASUC, COCOPEA, NGOs and recognized student
organizations.
Section 15. Separability Clause
• If any section or provisions of this IRR shall be declared unconstitutional or invalid,
the other sections or provisions not affected thereby shall remain in full force and
effect.
Section 16. Effectivity
• This rule shall take effect 15 days after publication in a newspaper of general circulation
and shall remain in force and effect until revoked or amended
GUIDELINES FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NSRC

Issued on April 04, 2003
Background
Under Section 11, Rule V – Organization of NSTP Graduates
Graduates of the non-ROTC components of the NSTP shall belong to the National
Service Reserve Corps (NSRC) and could be tapped by the State for literacy and civic
welfare activities, especially in times of calamities through the joint efforts of DND, CHED
and TESDA, in coordination with DILG, DSWD and other concerned
agencies/associations.
1. Mission
To provide a trained and motivated manpower pool that can be tapped by the
State for civic welfare, literacy and other similar endeavors in the service of the
nation
2. Functions
• to assist in the disaster preparedness, mitigation, response & rehabilitation
programs
• To serve as an auxiliary to the Disaster Coordinating Council (DCC) response
units
• To assist in the promotion of civic welfare activities
• To assist in the implementation of literacy programs
• To assist in socio-economic development
• To assist in environmental protection
• To perform other similar endeavors
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3. Composition
Graduates of CWTS & LTS
4. Organization
• NSRC is under NDCC
• It shall have a national, regional, provincial & city/municipal level parallel
to DCC structures
• DCC centers shall serve as NSRC headquarters
• National center shall be based at NDCC Disaster Preparedness Center,
Camp Aguinaldo, QC
• Secretariat shall be composed of CHED & TESDA representatives
5. Inter-Agency Relationship
NDRRMC
CHED & TESDA
(DND-OCD)
RDRRMC (DND-OCD CHEDROs &

RCs) TESDAROs
PDRRMC/MDRRMC HEIs &

CDRRMC/BDRRMC TESDAPOs/Schools
6. Duties & Responsibilities

NDCC through DND
• Lead agency in the administration, training, organization, development
maintenance and utilization of the registered NSRC members
• Maintain official masterlist of registered NSRC members
• Coordinate with concerned agencies
• Conduct performance assessment
• Formulate specific guidelines for its operation
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• Do related work
CHED/TESDA Central Offices

• Provide secretariat services for the NSRC
• Prepare consolidated national masterlists of officially registered CWTS & LTS
graduates
• Submit masterlist with corresponding centrally-determined serial numbers to
NDCC thru DND
• Assist in the administration, training, organization, development, maintenance
and utilization of the NSRC members
• Coordinate with NDCC thru DND re: NSRC concerns & activities
• Do related work
CHED/TESDA Regional Offices

• Prepare consolidated regional lists of CWTS & LTS graduates for submission to
Central Offices
• Coordinate with RDCC (OCD RCs)
• Maintain directory of CWTS & LTS graduates for reference Prepare reports as
maybe required
• Do related work
HEIs/TESDA PO & Schools
• Prepare and submit a certified masterlist with complete addresses and contact
numbers, of CWTS & LTS graduates to regional offices
• Provide information on CWTS & LTS graduates
• Coordinate with PDCC/CDCC/MDCC/BDCC
• Do related work
NSRC Members
• Report to the call of NSRC for training and respond immediately for utilization in
cases of disasters/calamities and other relevant socio-economic services through
its centers (RDCC/PDCC/CDCC/MDCC/BDCC) nearest the member’s residence
and/or workplace at the time of the call
• Register at the said center and get instructions/briefing for specific duties and
responsibilities
Frequently Asked Questions for NSTP
1. What is the legal basis of the National Service Training Program (NSTP)?
The National Service Training Program (NSTP) Law or RA 9163 also known as
―An Act Establishing the National Service Training Program (NSTP) for tertiary
level students, amending for the purpose Republic Act No. 7077 and Presidential
Decree No. 1706, and for other purposes was enacted last January 2002 to
amend the Expanded ROTC. This program aimed to enhance civic consciousness
and defense preparedness in the youth by developing the ethics of service and
patriotism while undergoing training in any of its three (3) program components,
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specifically designed to enhance the youth’s active contribution to the general

welfare.
2. What are the components of the NSTP?

a. Reserve Officer’s Training Corps [ROTC] - Refers to the program
component, institutionalized under Section 38 and 39 of Republic
Act No. 7077, designed to provide military training to motivate, train
organize and mobilize them for national defense preparedness.
b. Civic Welfare Training Service [CWTS] - Refers to the program
component or activities contributory to the general welfare and the
betterment of life for the members of the community or the
enhancement of its facilities, especially those devoted to improving
health, education, environment, entrepreneurship, safety,
recreation and moral of the citizenry and other social welfare
services.
c. Literacy Training Service [LTS] - Refers to the program
component designed to train the students to teach literacy and
numeracy skills to school children, out-of-school youth and other
segments of society in need of their services.
3. Who are covered by the NSTP Law

A. All incoming freshmen students, male, female,
starting school year (SY) 20022003, enrolled in any
baccalaureate and in at least two (2) year technical
vocational or associate courses, are required to complete one
(1) NSTP component of their choice, as a graduation
requirement;
B. All higher and technical-vocational education
institutions must at least offer one (1) of the NSTP
components.
C. State universities and colleges (SUC’S), shall offer the
ROTC component and at least one (1) other NSTP
component.
D. The Philippine Military Academy (PMA), Philippine
Merchant Marine Academy (PMMA), Philippine National
Police Academy (PNPA), and other SUC’s of similar nature, in
view of the special character of these institutions, are
exempted from the NSTP.
E. Private higher education and technical-vocational
education institutions with at least 350 student cadets, may
offer the ROTC component and consequently establish /
maintain a Department Of Military Science and Tactics
(DMST), subject to the existing rules and regulations of the
Armed Forces Of The Philippines (AFP).
4. What is the duration and equivalent course unit of each of the NSTP
Component?
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Each of the NSTP component shall be undertaken for an academic period of two
(2) semesters for 54 to 90 training hours per semester. It shall be credited for
three (3) units per semester.
5. What fees shall be charged to students taking any of the NSTP components?
No other fees shall be collected except basic tuition fees, which should not be
more than 50% of the charges of the school per academic unit.
6. Who are covered by the suspension of the ROTC requirement?

The completion of ROTC training as a perquisite for graduation is set aside for
students who have completed all their academic requirements for their respective
courses as certified by the school on or before the effectivity of the NSTP Act of
2001, which is March 23, 2002. The concerned students may apply for
graduation with their respective schools.
7. What happens to male students who are currently enrolled and have not
taken nor completed the ROTC requirements for graduation?
a. Male students who are not covered by Section 12 of this Rule and
are currently enrolled but have not taken any of the Military Service
(MS), Civic Welfare Service (CWS) or Law Enforcement Service (LES)
shall be covered by the NSTP Law.
b. Male students who have completed two semesters of the Expanded
ROTC (EROTC) / National Service Program (NSP) are deemed to
have complied with the NSTP requirement.
c. Male students who are not covered by Section 12 of this Rules and
have taken only one (1) semester of Basic ROTC or E-ROTC/NSP
shall take any of the NSTP components to qualify for graduation.
d. Students who want to qualify for enlistment in the Reserve Force or
attend the advance ROTC program shall undertake a special
program for this purpose.
8. How are Clustering and Cross-Enrollment done?

a. Clustering of students from different education institutions during
semestral periods may be done for any of the NSTP component,
taking into account logistics, branch of service and geographical
locations. The host school shall be responsible in managing the
Program.
b. Schools that do not meet the required number of students to
maintain the optional ROTC and any of the NSTP components, or
do not offer the component chosen by the student shall allow their
students to cross-enroll to other schools irrespective of whether
such school is under CHED or TESDA; and in the case the students
taking the ROTC component irrespective of whether the two
semesters hall be taken from different schools whose ROTC are
managed by different branches of service of the Armed forces of the
Philippines(AFP).
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9. Who will manage the NSTP implementation?

a. The school authorities shall exercise academic and administrative
supervision on the design, formulation, adoption and
implementation of the different NSTP components in their
respective schools.
b. In the case of ROTC, the school authorities and Department of
National Defense (DND), subject to the policies, regulations and
programs of DND on the military component of the training, shall
exercise joint supervision over its implementation.
c. Schools who have contracted CHED accredited or TESDA-
recognized Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to formulate
and administer training modules for any of the NSTP components
shall jointly exercise academic and administrative supervision with
those NGOs.
d. CHED Regional Offices, TESDA, Provincial/District Offices and
DND-AFP (through the Major Service Reserve Commands), shall
oversee and monitor the implementation of the NSTP under their
respective jurisdiction, to determine if the trainings are being
conducted in consonance with the objectives of the NSTP Law.
10. What are the Guidelines for the Accreditation of NGOs to Formulate
and Administer Training Modules?
CHED / TESDA shall jointly accredit NGOs which satisfy the following:
• Duly registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) /

Cooperative Development Authority (CDA);
• Have good track record of community service;
• Have qualified personnel with experience in program related
implementation;
• Viable and sustainable organization; and
• Program of Instruction (POI) / Curriculum Program for Civic Welfare
Training Service (CWTS) which should include the dimensions of
development such as Health and Nutrition, Safety and Security,
Recreation, Education and Training, Entrepreneurship and Social Welfare
Concerns Particularly Dangerous Drugs Prevention and Control, Voters
Awareness and Poverty Alleviation.
• Accreditation Certificate shall be issued for a maximum period of three (3)
years subject to renewal / revocation upon periodic evaluation.
11. What are the basic guidelines for the formulation of the NSTP
Curriculum?
a. The curriculum shall be formulated by the Program coordinator
duly approved by the school authorities, copy furnished CHED /
TESDA Regional Offices. It shall comply with the intent and
requirements of the NSTP and its components.
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b. It shall provide for both lecture and practicum activities. NSTP

Practicum activities shall be separate from the practicum
requirements of other subjects / courses.
c. The course syllabi shall clearly define the objectives, contents,
activities, requirements and student evaluation system.
d. Program coordinators and instructors / lecturers shall be duly
qualified in terms of training and experience, to handle their
respective assignments.
12. What is CMO No. 5, series of 2003?

It is the utilization of the NSTP Trust Fund wherein:
• NSTP fee collected shall constitute a Trust Fund, 70% of which shall be
exclusively for the operation of the Program;
• The remaining 30% retained by the school, shall serve as contingency
funds especially in unprogramed activities not originally included in the
Program of Expenditures (POE) prepared by the ROTC Commandant or
CWTS / LTS Coordinator and approved by the school head;
• The remaining fund balance shall be carried over the next semester;
• Expenditures / disbursement shall be subjected to periodic audits by the
proper school authorities and concerned NSTP Officers and
• ROTC Commandants / CWTS and LTS Program Coordinators shall submit
a comprehensive report on the utilization of the NSTP Funds to their
respective school heads and Reserve Unit Commanders / Program Heads,
two (weeks) after the end of every semester.
13. What is NSTP-One Summer Program (NSTP-OSP)?
NSTP-OSP is created under RA 9163 or the NSTP Act of 2001, especially Section
6 and jointly devised, formulated and adopted by DND, CHED and TESDA.
NSTP-OSP is established for the three (3) components: ROTC, CWTS and LTS.
This is intended for graduating students in baccalaureate or at least two-year
technical vocational or associate courses, who have yet to comply with the NSTP
as a requirement for graduation, as well as for students, thus allow them to
concentrate on the academic subjects and other co-curricular concerns.
14. What is the National Service Reserve Corps (NSRC)?

NSRC is created under Section 11 of RA 9163 or the NSTP Act of 2001, composed
of graduates of the non-ROTC components: the CWTS and LTS. Members of this
Corps maybe tapped by the State for literacy and civic welfare activities, through
the joint effort of DND, CHED, and TESDA.
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Drug Education and Vice Control

➢ The use of chemical substance, legal or illegal, which results in an
individual’s physical, mental, emotional, or social impairment.
Definition of Terms:
Dependence, Abuse, Tolerance & Addiction is different from each other.
ABUSIVE DOSE – the amount needed to produce the side effects and action desired by
an individual who improperly use it.
ABSTINENCE - Cessation of use of a psycho-active substance previously abused, or on

which the user developed drug dependence.
ADDICTION – severe craving for the drug even to the point of interfering with the
person’s ability to function normally.
ADMINISTER - Any act of introducing any dangerous drug into the body of any person,
with or without his/her knowledge, by injection, inhalation, ingestion or other means.
ALCOHOL – the king of all drugs and the most widely used, acceptable and most
extensively legalized drug throughout the world.
AMPHETAMINES – usually prescribed used to reduce appetite and to relieve minor

cases of mental depression, known as “pep pills”. Street name: eye opener, lid popers,
uppers, hearts.
BARBITURATES – drugs used for inducing sleep in persons plagued with anxiety,
mental stress, and insomnia. Street name: lily, bala, downers, yellow jackets, blue
heavens
COCAINE – drug taken from coca bush plant ertyroxylon coca under stably called
“snow” in the junkie jargon and one of the strongest short acting stimulants. Taken
orally, injected, or sniffed to achieve “euphoria” or intense of highness. Street name
CONFIRMATORY TEST- An analytical test using a device, tool or equipment with

different chemical or physical principle that is more specific which will validate and
confirm the result of the screening test.
CULTIVATE OR CULTURE - Any act of knowingly planting, growing, raising, or

permitting the planting, growing or raising of any plant which is source of a dangerous
drug.
DELIVER - Any act of knowingly passing a dangerous drug to another, personally or

otherwise, and by any means, with or without consideration.
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DEN, DIVE, RESORT - Place where any dangerous drug and essential chemical is
administered, delivered, stored for illegal purposes.
DISPENSE - Any act of giving away, selling or distributing medicine or any dangerous
drug with or without the use of prescription.
DRUG ABUSE -Deliberate or unintentional continuous of mind changing chemical

substances usually for reasons other than legitimate medical purposes, that results in
any degree of physical, mental
DRUG ADDICT - Person who is physically dependent on one or more psycho-active

substances, or whose long term use has produce tolerance, who has lost control over
his intake, and would manifest withdrawal symptoms if discontinuance were to occur.
DRUG ADDICTION - A chronic disorder characterized by the compulsive use of a

substance resulting in physical, psychological, or social harm to the user and continued
use despite of that harm.
DRUG DEPENDENCE -Term relates to physical or psychological dependence or both.

Impaired control over drug-taking behavior is implied
DRUG DEPENDENT - Refers to a person suffering from drug dependence.
DRUG SYNDICATE - Any organized group of two or more persons forming or joining
together with the intention of committing any offense prescribed in RA 9165.
FINANCIER - Any person who pays for, raises or supplies money for, or underwrites
any of the illegal activities prescribed under RA 9165.
HALLUCINOGENS (PSYCHEDELICS) – drugs which affect sensation, thinking, self-

awareness, and emotion. Changes in time and space perception, delusion (false beliefs),
and hallucinations may be mild or overwhelming.
HEROIN – most commonly abused narcotic in the world and discovered by Alden
Wright, the most powerful derivative of opium. Street name: Blanco, Brown, Sugar,
Kabayo, Kengkoy, Gamut, Matsako, Pulbos, Sapsap, Tinik
HIPPIES – those who are addicted to drugs believing that drug is an integral part of life.
ILLEGAL DRUG TRAFFICKING - Illegal cultivation, culture, delivery, administration,

dispensation, manufacture, sale trading, transportation, distribution, importation,
exportation and possession of any dangerous drugs.
INSTRUMENT- Anything that is used or intended to be used, in any manner, in the

commission of illegal drug trafficking or related offenses.
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LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE (LSD) – derived from fungus claviceps purpurea

which infects wheat. It was discovered by Dr. Albert Hoffman and known as “acid” and
the best known and most powerful hallucinogens.
MEDICINES – Drugs used in the diagnosis, cure, treatment, and prevention of disease
or for the relief of pain or discomfort
MESCALINE (STP) – stands for serenity –tranquility - peace- a drug derived from the
dried tops of peyote cactus in Mexico.
METHADONE – a synthetic narcotic used as treatment of heroin dependence but also

fallen to be abused and it is most commonly known synthetic opiate substitute are
meperidine (Demerol) and Darvon
METHYLENE DIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE (MDMA) -” ecstasy” drug which is white,

yellow or brown in color with a bitter taste and in tablet, capsule or powder form and
dubbed as “Designer Drugs”
MORPHINE – most important alkaloid about 10% of used raw opium discovered by
Friedrich Serturner.
OVERDOSE - The inadvertent of deliberate consumption of much larger doses that the
habitually used by the individual in question and resulting in serious toxic reaction or
death
PHENCYCLIDINE – a highly dangerous drug that can easily synthesized and popularly
known as angel dust.
POLY DRUG ABUSE - Use of two or more psycho-active substances in quantities and
with frequencies that cause the individual significant physiological, psychological, or
sociological distress or impairment
PRACTITIONER - Any person who is a licensed physician, dentist, chemist, medical

technologist, nurse, midwife, veterinarian or pharmacist in the Philippines.
PROTECTOR/CODDLER - Any person who knowingly and willfully consents to the

unlawful acts provided in RA 9165 and uses his/her influence, power or position in
shielding, harboring, screening or facilitating the escape of any person he/she knows or
has reasonable grounds to believe on or suspects, has violated the provisions of RA 9165
in order to prevent the arrest, prosecution and conviction of the violator.
PUSHER - Any person who sells, trades, administers, dispense, delivers or gives away
to another, distributes, dispatches in transit or transports dangerous drugs or who acts
as a broker.
REHABILITATION - Restoration of an optimum state of health by medical, physical,

psychological, social and peer group support for a chemically dependent person and his
significant others.
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SCREENING TEST - A rapid test performed to establish potential/presumptive positive

result.
THERAPEUTICS -Use of drugs in treating and preventing disease and in preserving

health.
TOLERANCE - Physiological adaptation to the effects of drugs so as diminish the effects

with constant dosages or to maintain the intensity and duration of effects through
increased dosage.
TRADING -Transactions involving the illegal trafficking of dangerous drugs and/or

controlled precursors and essential chemicals using electronic devices, or acting as a
broker in any such transactions whether for money or any other consideration.
TREATMENT - Application of planned procedures to identify and change patterns of

behavior that are mal-adoptive, destructive, health injuring or to restore appropriate
levels of physical, psychological or social functioning.
USE - Any act of injecting, intravenously or intramuscularly, of consuming any

dangerous drugs.
Classification of Drugs According to Origin

▪ Natural Drugs- examples: opium, marijuana, cocaine
▪ Synthetic drugs- examples: methamphetamine, barbiturates
Classification of drugs according to legal classification

1. RA 9165 (comprehensive dangerous drugs act)
2. PD 1619 (volatile substances)
According to International classification

1. Narcotic substances- drugs that affect the central Nervous system and induce
sleep to the users.
2. Psychotropic substances- this affects the mind and alters the perception of the
user.
3. Designer drugs- these are drugs that are synthesized in order to evade legal
prosecution.
Relationship of substance abuse to HIV/AIDS

➢ Based on the report made by the commission on AIDS in Asia, sharing
syringe and needles when injecting drugs is the easiest way of HIV getting
transmitted. As a result, prevalence can increase very quickly among drug
injectors. In relation, drug and substance abuse also leads to sexual
activities
Kinds of Drugs:
1.Stimulants or Uppers
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➢ Drug that excite the central nervous system, increasing alertness,

decreasing fatigue, delaying sleep, also impale appetite and cause weight
loss.
➢ a) Shabu – street names, poor man’s cocaine, S, ice, Shabs, Ubas, bato,
Siopao
➢ Methamphetamine hydrochloride/SHABU - a type of amphetamine also
known as “poor man’s cocaine”. Other names are Shabu, Ubas, Siopao,
Sha and Ice.
➢ - Shabu is a white, odorless crystal or crystalline powder with a bitter
numbing taste.
➢ b) Cocaine – an agent that produces a temporary increase of the functional
activity or efficiency of an Organism or any of its parts
➢ Street names – Coke, Snow, Flake, Bows
➢ Cocaine - is a drug from the leaves of the Coca plant, a shrub that
originated in South America. This drug affects the central nervous system
as a stimulant
➢ -The name comes from "coca" and the alkaloid suffix -ine, forming cocaine.
It is a stimulant, an appetite suppressant, and a topical anesthetic.
2.Depressants or Downers/Sedatives
➢ - Drugs that have mild-calming or sleep-producing effect upon the central
nervous system.
➢ - e.g. Valium
3.Hallucinogens or All-Rounders
➢ - Drugs that are derived from plants chemical substances which affects
the perception, sensation, behavior and produces hallucination on the
user.
➢ Marijuana - is the term used to describe all the plant material like leaves,
tops, stems, flowers and roots from a cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa),
dried and prepared for smoking or taken orally as “brownies”.
➢ -The mind altering component is the tetrahydrocannabinol; THC for short,
which is concentrated in the resin.
Methods of Concealment
1. Hidden in luggage/suitcases;
2. Ingestion/Swallowing;
3. Placed in shoes;
4. Placed in bottom part of luggage;
5. Placed inside handbag;
6. Others- Undergoing minor operation, placing in shoeboxes/ books/bottles/parcels,
etc.
VICES
▪ Vice – is any immoral conduct or habit, the indulgence of which leads to
depravity, wickedness and corruption of the minds and the body.
▪ Different Forms of Vices:
1) Drug addiction
2) Alcoholism
3) Prostitution
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4) Gambling
ALCOHOLIC
▪ -A person who has experienced physical, psychological, social or occupational
impairment as consequence of habitual, excessive consumption of alcohol.
ALCOHOL ABUSE
▪ -Use of ethyl alcohol or liquor in a quantity and with a frequency that causes the
individual significant physiological, psychological, or sociological distress or
impairment.
ALCOHOLIC DEPENDENCE
▪ -A chronic lost of control over the consumption of alcoholic beverages despite
obvious psychological or physical harm to the person. Increasing amount are
required overtime and abrupt discontinuance may precipitate a withdrawal
symptom.
DRUNKARD
▪ - A person who habitually takes or use any intoxicating alcohol liquor and while
under the influence of such, or in consequence of the effect thereof, is either
dangerous to himself or to others.
ALCOHOLIC LIQUOR
▪ -Any beverages or compound, whether distilled, fermented, or otherwise, which
will produce intoxication or which contains in excess of one percent of alcohol
and used as a beverage.
ALCOHOLISM – which is also known as “Alcohol Dependence Syndrome” is a disease
characterized by the following:
▪ a) Craving – strong need or compulsion to drink
▪ b) Loss of Control – frequent inability to stop drinking once a person has begun
to drink.
▪ c) Physical Dependence – The occurrence of withdrawal symptoms, such as
shakiness and anxiety when alcohol use is stopped.
DRUNKNESS AS A CRIME
▪ In the Philippines, drunkenness in itself is not a crime because a person may
drink to excess in the privacy of his home or in the party and commit no crime
at all.
▪ It is only when a drunken person exhibits his condition publicly, or disturbs,
endangers, or injured others, that he became an offender and therefore, subject
to arrest and punishment.
▪ Before and during elections, it is unlawful to sell or drink intoxicating liquor, as
provided in the election law.
BLOOD ALCOHOL TEST
▪ This test is the most widely accepted and direct method of determining the
concentration of alcohol in the blood. These are the present presumptive
standards relating to the interpretation of results.
▪ If there is .05% or less by weight of alcohol in a person’s blood, it shall be
presumed that he is not under the influence of intoxicating liquor
▪ If there is 0.15% or more by weight of alcohol in a person blood, it shall be
presumed that he is under the influence of alcoholic liquor
▪ If the result of the chemical test lies between these zones, there is no presumption
PROSTITUTION
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▪ Act or practice of providing sexual services to another person in return for

payment.
▪ Is the exchange of money for the performance of sexual act.
▪ Usually referred to as the oldest profession in the world.
PROSTITUTE
▪ Customarily used, to refer to a female person who engages in sex in exchange for
money as profession.
PHILANDERING
▪ Is having casual/illicit sex with a number of people.
▪ It usually refers to men, and often in the context of cheating on a wife or girlfriend.
TO PHILANDER
▪ Is to carry on romantic and/or sexual affairs outside a committed relationship
PHILANDER
▪ -Is a serial cheater who betrays his spouse or long term partner repeatedly;
▪ -The term usually refers to men (obviously, women have also been known to carry
on affairs).
PROSTITUTES – women, who for money or profit, habitually indulge in sexual
intercourse or lascivious conduct.
▪ Skeezers- prostitutes who exchange sex for drugs
▪ Lot Lizard- prostitutes who serve the trucking industry
Effects/Major dangers of drug and substance abuse to the user

➢ Addiction
➢ Mental Illness
➢ Sickness
➢ Emotional Instability
➢ Death in extreme and excessive use
➢ Early pregnancy
➢ Physical disability
➢ Bad breath
➢ Circulatory problems
Commonly Abused Substances

➢ Solvent
➢ Thinner
➢ Lacquer
➢ Acetone
➢ Varnish
Top 10 Abused Drugs

1. Methamphetamine Hydrochloride (Shabu)
2. Cannabis (Marijuana)
3. Contact cement (Rugby)
4. Benzodiazepines
5. Cough/Cold preparations
6. Methylenedioxymethamphetamine or MDMA (Ecstasy)
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7. Cocaine
8. Nalbuphine Hydrochloride
9. Psilocybin (Magic mushroom)
10. Solvents (Acetone, thinner)
Effects of Stimulants or Uppers

➢ High body temperature
➢ Increase Alertness
➢ Hallucinations
➢ Fast Heart Rate and Breathing
➢ Hypertension or hypotension
➢ Erectile dysfunction
➢ Abdominal Pain
➢ Dry mouth
➢ Acne
➢ Blurred vision
➢ Excessive grinding of the teeth
➢ Profuse sweating
➢ Loss of appetite
➢ Nausea
➢ Weight loss
➢ Reduced seizure threshold
➢ Insomnia or wakefulness
➢ Bed wetting
➢ Irritability
Effects of Depressants or Downers

➢ Dis-inhibition of emotions and impulses
➢ Feeling Sleepy
➢ Depress breathing and muscular coordination
➢ Muscle relaxation and drowsiness
➢ Gain weight
➢ Slow brain function
➢ Slowed pulse and breathing
➢ Lowered blood pressure
➢ Poor concentration
➢ Fatigue
➢ Dizziness
➢ Slurred speech
➢ Fever
➢ Visual disturbances
➢ Dilated pupils
➢ Disorientation, lack of coordination
➢ Depression
➢ Difficulty or inability to urinate
Hallucinogens or All-Rounders
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➢ GROUP OF SUBSTANCES THAT DISTORT THE USER’S PERCEPTION OF

REALITY BY MANIPULATING THE BRAIN’S INTERPRETATION OF THE SENSES.
➢ THE USER’S BRAIN EXPERIENCES SENSORY MESSAGES THAT ARE
INTENSIFIED AND OFTEN MIXED UP.
➢ IMPAIRED JUDGMENT AND REASONING ARE OFTEN SIDE EFFECTS AS WELL.
Effects of Hallucinogens or All-Rounders:

• initial 'rush' or 'high'
• feeling of wellbeing
• lowered inhibitions
• excited, euphoric, giggling and laughing
• agitated, uneasy and aggressive
• hallucinations and delusions
• confusion and disorientation
• impaired judgment
• drowsiness
• headaches
• bloodshot, glazed eyes
• blurred vision
• nosebleeds
• sneezing
• unpleasant breath
• irregular heart beat
• nausea and vomiting
• diarrhea
• slurred speech
• impaired coordination and muscle control (ataxia)
REASONS WHY PEOPLE ABUSE DRUGS

• Peer pressure
• Factors in the community
• Family problems
• Curiosity
• Lack of Education
• Advertisements/Social media
• Environment
• Stress and Problems
HOW TO PREVENT DRUG ABUSE

• Find healthy ways to cope with stress
• Seek therapy for counseling
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle that makes you happy
• Have things in your life that you care deeply about
• Be aware of your family’s drug history
• Be educated about drug abuse.
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REPUBLIC ACT 9165

▪ Some Pertinent Provisions of Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act of 2002
▪ UNLAWFUL ACTS AND PENALTIES UNDER RA 9165
Section 4. Importation of Dangerous Drugs
▪ Penalty:
▪ Life Imprisonment and fine of Five Hundred Thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to
Ten Million Pesos (P10,000,000.00).
Importation of any Controlled precursor and essential chemicals
▪ Penalty:
▪ Imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years
and a fine ranging from One Hundred Thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five
Hundred Thousand Pesos (P500,000.00)
Sec 4"protector/coddler" of any violator of the provisions under this Section.
▪ penalty
▪ -twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years of imprisonment and a fine
ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred
thousand pesos (P500,000.00)
Section 5. Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery, Distribution and
Transportation of Dangerous Drugs
▪ Penalty
▪ -life imprisonment and fine ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00)
Section 6. Maintenance of a Den, Dive or Resort involving dangerous drugs
▪ Penalty
▪ –life imprisonment and a fine ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos
▪ -The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to
twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos
(P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed
upon any person or group of persons who shall maintain a den, dive, or resort
where any controlled precursor and essential chemical is used or sold in any
form.
Section 7. Employees and Visitors of a Den, Dive or Resort
▪ 12 years and 1 day to 20 years (100,000.00 to 500,000.00).
▪ - (a) Any employee of a den, dive or resort, who is aware of the nature of the place
as such; and
▪ - (b) Any person who, not being included in the provisions of the next preceding,
paragraph, is aware of the nature of the place as such and shall knowingly visit
the same.
Section 8. Manufacture of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and
Essential Chemicals
▪ - Penalty for Manufacture of Dangerous drugs- life imprisonment and a fine
ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos
(P10,000,000.00)
▪ - Penalty for manufacture any controlled precursor and essential chemical - The
penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty
(20) years and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00)
to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00)
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Section 11. Possession of Dangerous Drugs

▪ - Possession of Dangerous Drugs regardless of purity
▪ Penalty provided life imprisonment and a fine ranging from Five hundred
thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00)
▪ - 10 grams or more of opium, morphine, heroin, cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride,
marijuana resin or oil, and other dangerous drugs,
▪ - 50 grams or more of shabu
▪ - 500 grams or more of marijuana
▪ Penalty -Life imprisonment and fine ranging from Php 400,000.00 to Php
500,000.00, if the quantity of shabu is ten (10) grams but not more than 50
grams
▪ Penalty
▪ -Imprisonment of 20 years and 1 day to life imprisonment and fine ranging from
Php 400,000.00 to Php 500,000.00
▪ - If 5 grams or more but less than 10 grams of any Dangerous Drugs
▪ - 300 grams or more of marijuana but less than 500 grams
▪ Penalty
▪ -imprisonment of 12 years and 1 day to 20 years and a fine ranging from Php
300,000.00 to Php 400,000.00
▪ -If the quantity of dangerous drugs are less than 5 grams.
▪ - If the quantity of Marijuana is less than 300 grams.
▪ Note:
▪ -The presence of any controlled precursor and essential chemical or laboratory
equipment in the clandestine laboratory is a prima facie proof of manufacture of
any dangerous drug.
Section 15. Use of Dangerous Drugs
▪ Penalty
▪ -A person apprehended or arrested, who is found to be positive for use of any
dangerous drug, after a confirmatory test, shall be imposed a penalty of a
minimum of six (6) months but not exceeds one year rehabilitation in a
government center for the first offense.
▪ - If apprehended using any dangerous drug for the second time, he/she shall
suffer the penalty of imprisonment ranging from six (6) years and one (1) day to
twelve (12) years and a fine ranging from Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) to
Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000.00): Provided, That this Section shall
not be applicable where the person tested is also found to have in his/her
possession such quantity of any dangerous drug provided for under Section 11
of this Act, in which case the provisions stated therein shall apply.
Section 16. Cultivation of plants classified as source of dangerous drugs
▪ Penalty
▪ - Life imprisonment and fine ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos
▪ Penalty of 12 years and 1 day to 20 years of imprisonment and a fine ranging
from P100,000.00 to P500,000.00 shall be imposed upon any person, who acts
as a “protector/coddler of any violator of the provisions of Sec. 16
Section 18. Unnecessary Prescription of Dangerous Drugs. –
▪ The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to
twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos
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(P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) and the additional

penalty of the revocation of his/her license to practice shall be imposed upon the
practitioner, who shall prescribe any dangerous drug to any person whose
physical or physiological condition does not require the use or in the dosage
prescribed therein, as determined by the Board in consultation with recognized
competent experts who are authorized representatives of professional
organizations of practitioners, particularly those who are involved in the care of
persons with severe pain.
Section 19. Unlawful Prescription of Dangerous Drugs.
▪ – The penalty of life imprisonment and a fine ranging from Five hundred thousand
pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed
upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall make or issue a
prescription or any other writing purporting to be a prescription for any
dangerous drug.
Section 21. Custody and Disposition of Confiscated, Seized, and/or Surrendered
Dangerous Drugs, Plant Sources of Dangerous Drugs, Controlled Precursors and
Essential Chemicals, Instruments/Paraphernalia and/or Laboratory Equipment
▪ The PDEA shall take charge and have custody of all dangerous drugs, plant
sources of dangerous drugs, controlled precursors and essential chemicals, as
well as instruments/paraphernalia and/or laboratory equipment so confiscated,
seized and/or surrendered, for proper disposition in the following manner:
▪ The apprehending team having initial custody and control of the drugs shall,
immediately after seizure and confiscation, physically inventory and photograph
the same in the presence of the accused or the person/s from whom such items
were confiscated and/or seized, or his/her representative or counsel, a
representative from the media and the Department of Justice (DOJ), and any
elected public official who shall be required to sign the copies of the inventory
and be given a copy thereof;
▪ -Within twenty-four (24) hours upon confiscation/seizure of dangerous drugs,
plant sources of dangerous drugs, controlled precursors and essential chemicals,
as well as instruments/paraphernalia and/or laboratory equipment, the same
shall be submitted to the PDEA Forensic Laboratory for a qualitative and
quantitative examination;
▪ - A certification of the forensic laboratory examination results, which shall be
done under oath by the forensic laboratory examiner, shall be issued within
twenty-four (24) hours after the receipt of the subject item/s.
▪ - That a final certification shall be issued on the completed forensic laboratory
examination on the same within the next twenty-four (24) hours
▪ After the filing of the criminal case, the Court shall, within seventy-two (72)
hours, conduct an ocular inspection of the confiscated, seized and/or
surrendered dangerous drugs, and controlled precursors and essential
chemicals, including the instruments/paraphernalia and/or laboratory
equipment, and through the PDEA shall within twenty-four (24) hours thereafter
proceed with the destruction or burning of the same, in the presence of the
accused or the person/s from whom such items were confiscated and/or seized,
or his/her representative or counsel, a representative from the media and the
DOJ, civil society groups and any elected public official
Section 23. Plea-Bargaining Provision.
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▪ Any person charged under any provision of this Act regardless of the imposable
penalty shall not be allowed to avail of the provision on plea-bargaining .
▪ Note: SC en banc denied with finality the motion for reconsideration filed in
connection to the case of Salvador Estipona Jr. versus Legaspi City Regional Trial
Court Judge Frank Lobrigo. The SC upheld its earlier decision that Section 23 of
RA 9165 was contrary to Article 8, Section 5 (5) of the 1987 Constitution giving
the high court the authority to allow plea bargaining.
Section 28. – Criminal Liability of Government Officials and Employees.
▪ - The maximum penalties of the unlawful acts provided in the Act shall be
imposed, in addition to absolute perpetual disqualification from any public office,
if those found guilty of such unlawful acts are government officials and
employees.
Section 29. Criminal Liability for Planting of Evidence
▪ – Any person who is found guilty of "planting" any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical, regardless of quantity and purity,
shall suffer the penalty of death
▪
▪ Program for Treatment and Rehabilitation of Drug Dependents
▪ - A drug dependent or any person who violates Section 15 of this Act may, by
himself/herself or through his/her parent, spouse, guardian or relative within
the fourth degree of consanguinity or affinity, apply to the Board or for treatment
and rehabilitation of the drug dependency. The Board shall bring forth the matter
to the Court which shall order that the applicant be examined for drug
dependency.
▪ If the examination by a DOH-accredited physician results in the issuance of a
certification that the applicant is a drug dependent, he/she shall be ordered by
the Court to undergo treatment and rehabilitation in a Center designated by the
Board for a period of not less than six (6) months.
▪ Temporary Release from the Center; After-Care and Follow-Up Treatment Under
▪ the Voluntary Submission Program.
▪ -Upon certification of the Center that the drug dependent within the voluntary
submission program may be temporarily released, the Court shall order his/her
release on condition that said drug dependent shall report to the DOH for after-
care and follow-up treatment, including urine testing, for a period not exceeding
eighteen (18) months under such terms and conditions that the Court may
impose.
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HIV Awareness, Prevention, and Education
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

• This is the virus termed HIV because it only affects and infects HUMAN
BEINGS
• Secondly, when it affects human beings, it destroys the body’s ability to
fight off diseases
• This renders the immune system defenseless and vulnerable to all forms
of infections
• Usually asymptomatic for 5 to 10 years. Lifelong infection.
Theories regarding HIV/AIDS:

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) from chimpanzee most likely mutated in Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) to cause AIDS.
• The Hunter Theory: It is said that the virus (SIV) was transferred to
human beings as a result of chimpanzees being killed and eaten or their
blood getting into cuts or wounds on the hunter. SIV on a few occasions
adapted itself within its new human host and become HIV.
• The Oral Polio Vaccine Theory: It is said that the virus was transmitted
via various medical experiments (Iatrogenically) especially through the
polio vaccines.
• The Contaminated Needle Theory: African healthcare professionals were
using one single syringe to inject multiple patients without any
sterilization in between.
STAGES:
1. HIV Infection - HIV quickly replicates in the body of someone who is newly
infected. Although the virus may be undetectable by test, at this time there is a
high level of virus in the peripheral blood and HIV can be readily transmitted to
someone else. This period is known as acute or primary infection.
a. It may take weeks or even months before the immune system reacts to the
virus by developing antibodies with which to fight it, although the majority
of people will develop antibodies to HIV within eight weeks. The
development of antibodies to HIV is termed 'seroconversion'.
b. Some people do not notice any changes after infection, whereas others will
experience a brief flu-like illness within days to weeks of exposure.
Symptoms may include headache, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, fatigue,
fever, aching muscles, rash, and/or enlarged lymph glands.
2. Window Period - The window period is the time during which markers of infection
are not detectable.
a. The length of the window period varies between individuals; UK guidelines
state that for a fourth-generation test the window period is one month.
b. Testing during this period can result in false negative results. C
c. People seeking testing may be confused or uncertain about the significance
and length of window periods.
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3. Seroconversion -is the period of time during which HIV antibodies develop and
become detectable. Generally, takes place within a few weeks of initial infection.
a. It is often, but not always, accompanied by flu-like symptoms including
fever, rash, muscle aches and swollen lymph nodes. These symptoms are
not a reliable way to identify seroconversion or to diagnose HIV infection.
4. Asymptomatic Stage - After seroconversion, HIV in the peripheral blood usually
drops to a low level. A person generally feels healthy and a period of asymptomatic
infection may last for several months or many years. Someone with asymptomatic
HIV infection may have swollen glands, a condition known as persistent
generalized lymphadenopathy.
5. HIV related illness
a. Tuberculosis (TB) and hepatitis are common in people who also have HIV.
These are diseases that can have an effect on HIV and can also be affected
by HIV. They are sometimes referred to as co-infections.
b. Hepatitis B and C are more infectious than HIV, but are transmitted in
similar ways: by contact with infected body fluids like blood, semen and
vaginal fluid, and from a mother to her baby during pregnancy or delivery.
6. AIDS - In the continuum of HIV disease, AIDS is the most advanced stage. A
diagnosis is usually made based on the CD4 cell count or CD4 percentage and
the presence of various opportunistic illnesses or cancers that appear in the
presence of underlying immune deficiency.
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)

Acquired – Something you get rather than you are born with
Immune – resistance or protection from disease
Deficiency – absence of protective power
Syndrome – a variety of symptoms rather than one single disease
• Caused by a virus that breaks down the body’s immune system and leads
to fatal infection and later causes death to people.
• HIV is the virus that causes AIDSs
How does a person infected with HIV?
1. Unprotected sexual intercourse (1- 98%)
2. Contact with infected blood (e.g blood transfusion) (90 – 98%)
3. Mother to child transmission (15-30%)
Body fluids known to transmit HIV

1. Blood and blood products
2. Semen
3. Breast Milk
4. Vaginal/ Cervical Fluids
Types of HIV Test

• Rapid Test
• ELISA
• Western Blot (Confirmatory test)
TREATMENT
• Anti-retroviral (ARV) – usually taken in combinations of two to four
medicines that work to stop HIV from increasing in the blood
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• No cure has yet been found for AIDS. However, there is primary therapy
for HIV infection.
Prevention of HIV/AIDS
• Abstinence from sex
• Be faithful to your partner
• Correct and consistent use of condom
• Do not use injectable drugs
• Education
• Frequent voluntary testing
• Guidance and counseling
• Have a healthy lifestyle and positive behavior
WHAT YOUTH CAN DO?
A – lways disseminate the right information.
B –e an agent of positive living and behavioral change
C –reate an enabling environment to many, especially to people living with HIV/AIDS.
D –are to create a bigger impact on your peers. Maximize your potentials and be creative.
E –ducate the youth according to their needs.
F –ight stigma and discrimination.
STIGMA
➢ This refer to the way individual or groups feel when they experience judgments,
ridicule, isolation and blame among others on the basis of their HIV status.
DISCRIMATION
➢ This is when individuals or groups are being treated unfairly, it occurs when a
distinction is made against a person.
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PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION &

THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY
What is constitution?
A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents
according to which a state or other organization is governed.
Significance of studying Philippine Constitutions

• It is the framework and basis of all other laws.
• It outlines the rights of the citizens.
• It protects us from unlawful persecutions even from our own government.
What is the Philippine Constitution?

• Also called Saligang Batás ng Pilipinas, popularly known as the 1987
Constitution, is the constitution or supreme law of the Republic of the Philippines
adopted on October 15, 1986 and ratified on February 2, 1987 under President
Corazón C. Aquino
Content of 1987 Philippine Constitution

The Constitution is divided into a Preamble and 18 parts called Articles.
Preamble
The Preamble introduces the Constitution, identifies the author and the purposes of
the fundamental law and aids the authorities in the interpretation of the Constitution
since it lays down the visions of the government. The Preamble reads:
We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a
just and humane society and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and
aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and
secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of independence and democracy
under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace,
do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
Article I – National Territory
Article I specify that the Philippines is an archipelago and that the Philippines
territory consists of the islands and waters embraced therein, all other territories which
the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction, and the terrestrial, fluvial and aerial
domains including the territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves and
other submarine areas. It also specifies that the waters around, between, and
connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of their breadth and dimensions
form part of the internal waters of the Philippines.
Article II – Declaration of Principles and State Policies
Article II sets down basic social and political creed of the country, particularly
the implementation of the constitution and sets fort the objectives of the government.
Some of its provisions are
• Philippines is a Democratic and Republican State (Section 1)
• Renunciation of War (Section 2)
• Supremacy of Civilian Authority (Section 3)
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• Prime duty of the government (Section 4)

• Defense of the State and Services to be rendered by the Citizens (Section 4)
• Separation of church and state (Section 6)
• Independent Philippine Foreign Policy (Section 7)
• Freedom from Nuclear Weapon (Section 8)
• Just and Dynamic Social order and Social Justice (Section 9 and 10)
• Family as the Basic Autonomous Unit (Section 12)
• Role of the Youth and Women in Nation-Building (Section 13 and 14)
• The affirmation of labor "as a primary social economic force" (Section 14)
• Autonomy of local governments (Section 25)
• Prohibition of Political dynasty and adoption of measures against graft and
corruption (Section 26 and 27)
Article III – Bill of Rights
Article III, known as the Bill of Rights, enumerates the specific protections against
State power. Many of these guarantees are similar to those provided in the United States
Constitution, including the:
• The right to due process and equal protection (Section 1)
• The right against searches and seizures without a warrant (See Fourth
Amendment to the United States Constitution) (Section 2)
• The right to privacy (Section 3)
• The right to free speech and expression, free press, freedom of assembly and the
right to petition (Section 4)
• The free exercise of religion (Section 5)
• The right of abode and right to travel (Section 6)
• The right to information on matters of public concern (Section 7)
• The right to form associations (Section 8)
• Protection against impairment of contractual obligations (Section 10)
• The right to free access to courts (Section 11)
• The right to be informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and
independent counsel (Section 12)
• The right to bail & against excessive bail (Section 13)
• The rights of the accused (Section 14)
• The right to habeas corpus. (Section 15)
• The right to speedy disposition of cases (Section 16)
• The right against self-incrimination (Section 17)
• The right to political beliefs and aspirations. (Section 18)
• The prohibition against cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment (Section 19)
• Protection against imprisonment for debts (Section 20)
• The right against double jeopardy (Section 21)
• Prohibition of ex post facto laws and bills of attainder. (Section 22)
• The scope and limitations to these rights have largely been determined by
Philippine Supreme Court decisions.
Article IV – Citizenship
Article IV enumerates the citizenship of Filipinos. There are two kinds of citizens:
Natural-born citizens who are citizens from birth and have the right to vote and right to
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run for public office and Naturalized citizens, who are immigrants who acquire,
voluntarily or by operation of law, the citizenship of the Philippines
Article V – Suffrage
Article V specifies the qualification and right to vote by citizen. It also enumerates
the system and secrecy of the ballot and absentee voting, and procedure to the disabled
and the illiterates to vote.
Article VI – The Legislative Department
Article VI enumerates the composition, qualification, and term of office and
function of the Congress of the Philippines composed of the Senate of the Philippines
and the House of Representatives of the Philippines. It also specifies the organization,
procedure, election and leadership of officials and process of making law. Some of the
power of Congress include the power of investigation or inquiry in aid of legislation
(Section 21); the power to declare the existence of a State of war (Section 26); fiscal
power (Section 25); the inherent power or police power (Section 1); power of taxation
(Section 28); and the power of eminent domain (Section 9)
Article VII – Executive Department
The Philippines is a presidential system of government. The executive power is
vested to the President, assisted by Vice president and heads of executive departments.
The Article VII explains the qualification, term of office, election, power and functions of
Philippine President and the officials within the executive branch. It also specifies the
presidential line of succession.
Article VIII – Judicial Department
The power of interpretation and application of the law was entrusted to the
Judicial branch. The Supreme Court of the Philippines is the highest court and has a
jurisdiction over the lower courts that are part of the judicial branch. Article VIII
enumerates the qualification, tenure, power and functions of courts within the Judicial
Branch, including the organization of Judicial and Bar Council.
Article IX – Constitutional Commission
Article IX enumerates the qualification, tenure, power and functions and
composition of three Constitutional Commissions: Civil Service Commission of the
Philippines, Commission on Election or COMELEC, and the Commission on Audit of the
Philippines.
Article X – Local Government
The Constitution establishes limited political autonomy to the local government
units of Philippine provinces, Philippine cities, Philippine municipalities, and
barangays. Local governments are generally considered as falling under the executive
branch, yet local legislation requires enactment by duly elected local legislative bodies.
The Constitution mandated that the Congress would enact a Local Government Code.
Article XI – Accountability of Public Officers
Article XI explains that the positions entrusted by the people to the government
officials are public in nature. Government positions should be taken care of at all times.
It specifies the processes and grounds for impeachment of the public officials. It also
creates and describe the Office of the Ombudsman of the Philippines.
Article XII – National Economy and Patrimony
Article XIII – Social Justice and Human Rights
Article XIV – Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports
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Article XV – The Family

Article XVI – General Provisions
Article XVII – Amendments or Revisions
Article XVIII – Transitory Provisions
Source: http://kimberlyyusay.blogspot.com/
THREAT TO NATIONAL SECURITY
Our national security is a state or condition where our most cherished values and
beliefs, our democratic way of life, our institutions of governance and our unity, welfare
and well-being as a nation and people are permanently protected and continuously
enhanced.
Fundamental Elements
There are seven fundamental elements that lie at the core of, and therefore
further amplify our definition of national security. At the same time, they constitute the
most important challenges we face as a nation and people.
1. Socio-Political Stability
2. Territorial Integrity
3. Economic Solidarity and Strength
4. Ecological Balance
5. Cultural Cohesiveness
6. Moral-Spiritual Consensus
7. External Peace
Description of Fundamental Elements
1. The first and foremost element is socio-political stability. We must achieve

peace and harmony among all Filipinos, regardless of creed, ethnic origin or
social station. The government and the people must engage in nation-building
under the rule of law, Constitutional democracy and the full respect for human
rights.
2. The second is territorial integrity. We must ensure the permanent inviolability
of our national territory and its effective control by the Government and the State.
This includes the preservation of our country’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
and its protection from illegal incursions and resource exploitation.
3. The third is economic solidarity and strength. We must vigorously pursue a
free-market economy through responsible entrepreneurship based on social
conscience, respect for the dignity of labor and concern for the public interest.
We must perpetuate an economic regime where the people take command of their
own lives, their livelihood and their economic destiny.
4. The fourth is ecological balance. National survival rests upon the effective
conservation of our natural environment in the face of industrial and agricultural
expansion and population growth. We must promote sustainable development
side by side with social justice.
5. The fifth is cultural cohesiveness. Our lives as a people must be ruled by a
common set of values and beliefs grounded on high moral and ethical standards,
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drawn from our heritage and embodying a Filipino standard, drawn from our
heritage and embodying a Filipino identity transcending religious, ethnic and
linguistic differences.
6. The sixth is moral-spiritual consensus. We must be propelled by a national
vision inspired, and manifested in our words and deeds, by patriotism, national
pride and the advancement of national goals and objectives.
7. The seventh is external peace. We must pursue constructive and cordial
relations with all nations and peoples, even as our nation itself must chart an
independent course, free from external control, interference or threat of
aggression.
INTERNAL THREAT
Our national security environment is infused with two important dimensions.

Internal threats to our national security make up the first dimension.
1. The main internal threat arises from the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)
which, in open rebellion against the government, has the avowed objective of
establishing an independent Islamic state in southern Philippines. While the
government has engaged the MILF in constructive peace negotiations, the armed
activities of the group continue to be a source of serious concern, particularly the
build-up of its defensive and offensive capabilities. Hopefully, the peace
negotiations would succeed in persuading the MILF and allied groups to join the
autonomy within the framework of the Republic.
It is the breakaway faction of the original MORO NATIONAL LIBERATION FRONT
or MNLF which aims to establish a politically independent Islamic state in its so-
called Bangsamoro homeland in southern Philippines.
From its peak of 15,600 members in 1999, MILF manpower strength is currently
placed at 11,440 equipped with 7,540 firearms. Its influence can be felt in 1,766
barangays, which is 28% of the total 6,368 barangays in Mindanao.
2. Hand in hand with this security problem is the threat from the ABU SAYYAF
GROUP (ASG), a small band of highly mobile terrorists with suspected links to
international terrorist networks like the JEMAAH ISLAMIYAH (JI) AND AL-
QAEDA.
The ABU SAYYAF GROUP or ASG previously espoused as its objective the
establishment of an independent theocratic Islamic state in Mindanao. From this
ideological orientation, the ASG degenerated into a terrorist/criminal syndicate
group that engages in extortion and kidnap-for-ransom activities.
The JEMAAH ISLAMIYAH or JI is a sophisticated network of loose Islamic
militants which aims to depose secular governments and establish a Pan-Islamic
state in southeast Asia.
The JI and other foreign terrorists in the country are utilizing Mindanao as
training ground for recruits. They impart their terror skills in exchange for
sanctuary. These foreign terrorists are also supporting some rogue MILF
elements for extortion and other criminal activities through bombing operations.
3. The Communist Party of the Philippines/New People’s Army/National
Democratic Front (CPP/NPA/NDF) continue to pose a serious threat to national
security, although presently weakened in comparison with their peak strength in
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the 1985-87 period. However, despite the successes of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines in most part of the country, these radicals have shown resiliency over
the years and continues to launch terrorist acts in Bicol and Southern Mindanao
regions where they have established advanced and developed fronts.
The communist rebellion in the country is spearheaded by the COMMUNIST
PARTY OF THE PHILIPPINES or CPP, which functions as the “brains” that
provides direction to and leadership of the movement; THE NEW PEOPLE’S ARMY
or NPA provides the military force to protect the party and defeat the ARMED
FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES; while the NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC FRONT or
NDF acts as the “shield” to parry the blows from the government and protect the
armed struggle thru legal and or parliamentary struggles.
4. Organized crime is a national security concern. The challenge of illegal drugs,
in particular, has grown into a major threat to the national community. Of the
42,979 barangays nationwide, about 12 per cent are affected in varying degrees.
The anti-drug campaign is a major cornerstone of the government’s law and order
drive, involving the police, the Local Government Units and the private sector,
and focusing on a tripartite strategy of reducing drug supply and demand as well
domestic and international cooperation. Drug use among the youth has risen
alarmingly over the past three years. The national crime rate is also exacerbated
by the drug trade, which involves a number of crime syndicates.
5. Grave incidence of poverty is also a serious threat to national security,
especially to the extent that it breeds and abets rebellion, crime and dissidence.
Poverty incidence affects about one-third of Filipino families nationwide.
Consequently, the distribution of wealth has been skewed in favor of a wealthy
minority.
6. Economic sabotage undermines the market economy, the financial system and
the nation’s resources. Under this category are underground activities such as
counterfeiting, money laundering, large-scale smuggling, inter-oceanic poaching
and commercial dumping. This is being met through vigilant economic
intelligence and the strict enforcement of maritime and trade laws.
7. Graft and corruption has become another threat to our national security by
virtue of the huge scale by which it saps public resources, undermines the morale
of the civil service and affects the delivery of quality basic services. It has also
become a disincentive to investment. The Estrada administration has waged a
vigorous campaign against graft at all levels in line with the dictum that every
peso stolen from the public coffers is a peso withheld from the upliftment of the
poor.
8. Severe calamities cause serious food shortages, abet hoarding and profiteering
and cause hunger, disease and deprivation. Over the past ten years, the disaster
toll stands at more than 13,000 lives lost and P179 Billion worth of property
destroyed. The National Disaster Coordinating Center (NDCC) ensures the
focused, coordinated and systematic application of government and private
manpower and resources to the tasks of disaster mitigation, and community
rehabilitation and reconstruction.
9. Persistent environment degradation poses a long-term security threat. The
attrition of forests and watersheds, air-land-water pollution and the proliferation
of toxic substances are a cause of sickness, death and the diminution of national
productivity and wellbeing. Environmental protection has assumed a high
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priority in defense and law enforcement concerns and is an institutional area of

emphasis in the educational system.
EXTERNAL THREAT
The growing uncertainties that lie in the regional and global milieu make up
the second dimension of our national security environment, even as threat of external
aggression against our country remains in the remote horizon
1. The multilateral dispute over the Spratly Islands is a source of intermittent

tensions, owing to the buildup of structures, believed to be military-oriented, by
some claimant countries in the area. This is a clear encroachment into the
Philippine EEZ which is being met through a comprehensive package of
diplomatic measures.
2. The smuggling of firearms and contraband, illegal migration and the
occasional movement of foreign terrorists through the porous borders of our
southwestern frontier have elicited transnational concern. Philippine law
enforcement agencies work closely with international police organizations,
bilaterally and multilaterally, to check these activities.
3. The lingering effects of the currency crisis affecting the countries within
the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) are a cause of regional
anxieties, which tend to aggravate political instabilities and socio-economic
dislocations involving the poorest peoples.
4. The serious economic disparity between rich and poor nations keeps the
world in a state of instability and virtually on the brink of war in many places.
Local or regional shortages of fresh water, arable land, food, fisheries, and energy
are already causing tensions.
5. Ethnic, religious and cultural conflict pervades many regions and nations,
including our own. It is constantly exacerbated by mass poverty, limited access
to resources, denial of human rights, lack of national integration and
international issues.
6. The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) is a threat to global
security. Nuclear materials and technologies are more accessible now than at any
other time in history. The relative ease of production of both chemical and
biological weapons has made these attractive to terrorists.
7. Transnational organized crime has proliferated in the era of globalization. The
International Monetary Fund estimates that global drug trafficking now accounts
for two percent of the world economy, excluding illicit capital flight and money-
laundering activity. There are links among drug trafficking, terrorism, smuggling
of illegal aliens, massive financial and bank fraud, arms smuggling and political
corruption.
8. Natural disasters and environmental issues will continue to pervade the global
security agenda. Mankind’s global activities – particularly population growth,
resource consumption, pollution, urbanization, industrialization, desertification
and deforestation – will increasingly impact on climate and weather patterns,
strain fragile ecosystems, and put more pressure on health and social support
systems.
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9. Cybernetic crime is a growing global threat, as experienced with computer

viruses such as Melissa and Chernobyl, which have attacked isolated or
networked information systems through the internet or through software carriers
and devices. Many vital decision-making processes of our Government are now
electronically-based and therefore vulnerable to this threat.
POWER
What is Power?
• POWER refers to the ability or the right to do something; the ability to exercise
authority over others.
• According to Lawson is the ability to control the behavior of others by threatening
and/or carrying out and serve sanctions.
BASES/TYPES OF POWER
Expert power
• Based on the perception that the leader possesses some special knowledge or
expertise.
• Expert power draws from a person's skills and knowledge and is especially potent
when an organization has a high need for them. Narrower than most sources of
power, the power of an expert typically applies only in the specific area of the
person's expertise and credibility.
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Referent power
• Based on the follower’s liking, admiring, or identifying with the leaders.

• Power flows from the power holder’s ability to persuade or influence others.
Reward power
• Based on the leader’s capacity to mediate rewards for the follower.

• Reward power comes from the ability to confer valued material rewards or create
other positive incentives. It refers to the degree to which the individual can
provide external motivation to others through benefits or gifts. In an organization,
this motivation may include promotions, increases in pay, or extra time off.
Legitimate power
• Based on the follower’s perception that the leader has the legitimate right or
authority to exercise influence over him or her.
• Also called "positional power," this is the power individuals have from their role
and status within an organization. Legitimate power usually involves formal
authority delegated to the holder of the position.
Coercive power
• Coercive power is the threat and application of sanctions and other negative
consequences. These can include direct punishment or the withholding of desired
resources or rewards. Coercive power relies on fear to induce compliance.
Sources of power
AUTHORITY
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• The extent and intensity of the ruler’s authority over the subjects is a crucial
factor affecting the ruler’s power. “the right to command and direct, to be heard
or obeyed by others” to be voluntarily accepted by the people and therefore exist
without the imposition of sanction is authority. The possessor of authority may
not actually be superior; it is enough that he/she be perceived and accepted as
superior. While not identical with power, authority is nevertheless clearly a main
source of power.
Human resources
• A ruler’s power is affected by the number of persons who obey him, cooperate
with him, or provide him with special assistance, as well as by the position of
such persons in the general population, and the extent and forms of their
organizations.
Skills and knowledge
• The ruler’s power is also affected by the skill, knowledge and abilities of the people
under him, or around him, and the relation of their skills, knowledge and abilities
to his needs
Intangible factors
• Psychological and ideological factors, such as habits and attitudes toward

obedience and submission, and the presence or absence of a common faith,
ideology or sense of mission, all affect the power of the ruler in relation to the
people.
Material resources
• The degree to which the ruler controls property, natural resources, financial
resources, the economic system, means of communication, and transportation
helps to determine the limits of his power.
Sanction
• The final source of a ruler’s power is the type and extent of sanctions at his
disposal, both for use against his own subjects and in cases of conflict with other
rulers. Sanction are an enforcement of obedience used by rulers against their
subjects to supplement voluntary acceptance of their authority and to increase
the degree of obedience to their commands.
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NATIONAL FLAG CODE

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8491
Not a lot of Filipinos know about the Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines,
also known as Republic Act 8491, which states that every year, from May 28 (National
Flag Day) to June 12 (Philippine Independence Day), all private and public facilities
are enjoined to display the Philippine flag visibly in their premises throughout this
period. This is to give respect and reverence to our country's highest symbol of
national sovereignty and solidarity.
Let us all take part in this endeavor and display our country's national symbol
in any way possible. You may do so by wearing a Philippine Flag lapel pin on your
clothing, placing bumper stickers or purchasing miniature flags for your car, and
show that you are a PROUD FILIPINO.
But let us also treat our flag accordingly, by following these simple rules as
stated in our Flag Code:
✓ The National Flag shall be displayed in all public, squares, and learning
institutions from sunrise to sunset. If it is to remain flying at night, it must be
illuminated.
✓ The Flag should never be used to salute or compliment any one, except when
used for exchanging courtesy as an official act between parties.
✓ If the Flag is flown on a pole, the blue field must be on top during peace time
and the red in times of war. If it is hanging, the blue field must be on the
observer’s left side during peace time and the red if otherwise. *Remember:
R-R (RED on the RIGHT).
✓ The Flag must be hoisted to the top of the flag pole that is situated at a
prominent place with a commanding position. If the pole is attached to a
building, it should be on top of its roof, and if it is at a window, the pole must
project at an angle pointing upward.
✓ When the National Flag is used with other flags, it must always be on top, at
the right, or at the center of the others. If it is to be paraded with other flags, it
must be in front of the center of the others.
✓ When the flag is being paraded, the people should halt, stand at attention,
uncover their heads, and salute.
✓ The Flag shall be displayed on national holidays and other historic and special
occasions, as the President may designate, in all government structures, and if
possible, even in private homes and buildings.
✓ No part of the Flag must touch the ground and it must be handled reverently.
During Flag Ceremonies, the people around the vicinity must accord due
respect to the Flag.
✓ The Flag may be hoisted at half-mast in sign of mourning before it is lowered. It
must again be hoisted to full-mast then lowered during sunset.
✓ The Flag shall never be decorated and must be given utmost respect over and
above any individual’s image.
✓ The Flag shall never be used for any purpose other than as a symbol of our
country. However, it can be draped over an honored deceased person’s coffin
but must be removed before the coffin is buried.
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✓ No markings must be placed on the National Flag. Neither shall it be used as

clothing.
✓ The Flag shall not be displayed where hilarity is prevailing and in places where
vices abound.
✓ The Flag should never be touched by anyone and must be displayed as it is
especially during the singing of the Pambansang Awit (National Anthem); some
misguided people spread the Flag to show its colors.
Source: http://jmsapaula.blogspot.com/2008/05/republic-act-8491.html
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BASIC SAFETY AND EDUCATION

(ROPE & KNOT TYING)
Knot Tying
Knots are intertwined loops of rope, cord, string or other flexible material, used to fasten
two such ropes to one another or to another object.
Knots, Bends, Hitches, Splices and Seizing are all ways of fastening cords or ropes,
either to some other object such as a spar, or a ring, or to one another. The knot is
formed to make a knob on a rope, generally at the extremity, and by untwisting the
strands at the end and weaving them together. But it may be made by turning the rope
on itself through a loop, as for instance, the overhand knot.
A bend and a hitch are ways of fastening or tying ropes together, as in the Carrick bend
or round spars as the Studding Sail Halyard Bend and the Timber Hitch.
A splice is made by untwisting two rope ends and weaving them together.
A seizing is made by fastening two spars to one another by a rope, or two ropes by a
third, or by using one rope to make a loop on another, as for example the Racking
Seizing, the Round Seizing, and the Midshipman’s Hitch. The use of the words is often
arbitrary. There is, for instance, no difference in principle between the Fisherman’s Bend
How to tie a seizing and the Timber Hitch. Speaking generally, the Knot and the Seizing
are meant to be permanent, and must be unwoven in order to be unfastened, while the
Bend and Hitch can be undone at once by pulling the ropes in the reverse direction from
that in which they are meant to hold. Yet the Reef Knot can be cast loose with ease, and
is wholly different in principle, for instance, from the Diamond Knot. These various
forms of fastening are employed in many kinds of industry, as for example in scaffolding,
as well as in seamanship. The governing principle is that the strain which pulls against
them shall draw them tighter. The ordinary knots
and splices are described in every book on
seamanship.
ELEMENTS OF A KNOT
Bight - formed when the rope is double back, but

does not cross itself
Loop – formed when the rope doubles back and
cross itself Working End – the end of the rope used
to tie the knot
Standing End – the part of the rope attached to

something e.g. Anchor Knot – is a rope that
connects the ends of 2 ropes together
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Hitch – a knot that attaches a rope to another object
Single/Double over hand knot

• is an excellent stopper knot.
• In addition to acting as a stopper in the end of a rope, it can act as part of another knot
or used to add security:
The Double Fisherman's (Grapevine) Bend

• The Double Fisherman's Bend is the way to form a Prusik Loop
• an excellent and reliable way of joining two climbing ropes.
How to tie the Double Fisherman's Bend
Overlap the two ends. Wrap one end round both ropes two
full turns. Then pass this end back through these turns and
pull tight. Next pass the other end two full turns round both
ropes. Pass this end back through and pull tight. Pull on both
ropes to tighten the two knots against each other.
Figure of Eight
• provides a quick and convenient stopper knot
to prevent a line sliding out of sight
• Its virtue is that, even after it has been jammed
tightly against a block, it doesn't bind; it can
be undone easily.
How to tie the Figure 8 Knot
In the bitter end, form a loop by twisting a bight of the rope. Then pass the bitter end
round the standing end, i.e., take the longest journey not the shortest, and through the
loop to make the figure of eight.
Figure Eight Rope Join
(Flemish Bend)
• provides a safe, and simple way to join two ropes. It is easily taught,
remembered, visualized, and checked.
How to tie the Figure Eight Rope Join (Flemish Bend)
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Start with a figure of eight knot in one of the ropes.

Lead the end of the second rope parallel to the
first. Follow the first rope to make a double figure
of eight. The second rope must exit beside the first
rope's standing end.
The Figure 8 Follow Through

• allows the simple and reliable figure eight loop to
be tied to a ring, a carabiner, or your own harness.
• It is easily remembered, easily visualized, and
easily checked.
the Double Figure Eight Loop ("Bunny Ears")

• Make a long bight in the rope and form a figure
eight knot. Pass a double section of the bight
through to complete the figure eight. Then pass the
end of the original bight down, round, and over the
whole knot. Pull it tight to lock the two loops.
The Alpine Butterfly

(or Lineman's Loop)
• It is useful anytime a secure loop is required in the middle
of a rope. A good example is when a line of hikers wishes to
hook on along the length of a shared rope.
How to tie the Alpine Butterfly
• Wrap the rope around your hand. At the end of turn one,
position the rope close to your fingertips. Continue round
and complete turn two back near your thumb. Pick up the
turn near your fingertips. Wrap it round the other two turns.
Pull it through and tighten by pulling on the loop and the
ends.
Bow Line
• makes a reasonably secure loop in the end of a piece of rope.
• to fasten a mooring line to a ring or a post.
• Under load, it does not slip or bind. With no load it can be untied
easily.
• Two bowlines can be linked together to join two ropes.
How to tie the Bowline Knot
• Form a loop a short distance from the end - allow for the size of
the loop and the knot itself. Pass the end of the rope through the
loop as though making a simple knot (a half-hitch). Pull the end
through, then round the standing end, and then back through
the loop to finish the Bowline.
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The Rolling Hitch

(Taut Line Hitch)
attaches a rope (usually smaller) to another (usually larger)
when the line of pull is almost parallel. It can also be used to
attach a rope to a pole.
The Timber Hitch

• used for handling cargo "... for which it is very
convenient, as it practically falls apart when pull
ceases.
• It is also useful when towing a spar or log either
afloat or on land.
• When used for this purpose, the Timber Hitch is
often placed near the center of the spar and a
separate half hitch is dropped over the end of the
spar to act as a guide.
The Square Knot (Reef Knot)

• The Square (Reef) knot has a (small) place on your
yacht: you can tie the sail cover on to the mainsail
or mizzen; you can tie the string on the present that
you send home to make someone jealous; and you
can tie the laces on your deck shoes (if they still
come with laces). More importantly, the experience
of tying a Square knot teaches the fundamental
process of tying a half knot or half hitch.
The Sheet Bend
• recommended for joining two ropes of unequal size.
The larger rope must be used for the simple bight
as shown. It works equally well if the ropes are of
the same size.
How to tie the Sheet Bend
• Form a loop in the thicker rope and hold it in one
hand. Pass the thinner piece of rope through the
loop and then round the loop. Take care to go round
the short end first then round the long end. Finally,
tuck the smaller rope back under itself to finish the
Sheet Bend.
The Constrictor Knot
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• Deserves to be much more widely known and used.

It is an excellent quick temporary whipping for a
fraying rope's end. It securely ties the neck of a sack
or bag, and I have often used it to hold items together
for gluing.
How to tie the Constrictor Knot
• The Constrictor Knot consists of a simple half hitch
which is gripped by an overlying turn of the rope. This
is what binds the knot and makes it hard to undo.
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Safety Education
First Aid is an urgent care given to an injured or unexpectedly ill person that includes
home care and self-care if there is no medical assistance available or delayed.
- Bystander or even a victim (with minimal or no medical equipment) can perform
Assessments and Interventions.
Roles and Responsibilities: First Aider

1. A first aider should not perform the task of the physician nor compete.
2. The task of the firs aider ends when the physician is present.
3. Must guarantee the safety if the bystanders and him/herself.
4. Must gain access to the victim
5. Must identify any threats to the victim’s life.
6. Call for medical assistance as needed.
7. Supply needed care
8. Provide assistance for advance personnel.
9. Record the situation: care given, finding etc.
The aims of first aid are:

1. To ease pain
2. To prevent further harm or danger
3. To extend life
Characteristics of a Good First Aider

1. Gentle must not promote harm
2. Resourceful should maximize the use of materials at hand and must know how to
improvise
3. Observant should know how to assess the situation and the victim properly
4. Tactful should not cause the victim to panic
5. Empathetic should be consoling
6. Respectable should exhibit professionalism
Hindrances in Giving First Aid

1. Surroundings: Unfavorable
2. Crowd:
3. Victim or Relatives: panic and pressure Note: Safety Percentage for First Aider (80%)
and for the Victim is (20%)
Life-threatening situations
❖ Breathing or Heartbeat stopped
❖ Bleeding
❖ Choking
❖ Drowning
❖ Electric Shock
❖ Poisoning
What is an Emergency
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❖ Is a sudden onset of medical or surgical severity that, in the absence of immediate

medical attention, could reasonably be expected to result in serious danger to
health or impairment of bodily functions.
Emergency Action Principles
1. Survey the Scene
a. Is the scene safe?
b. What happened?
c. How many are injured?
d. Are there bystanders who can help?
e. Get consent to give care f. Check for responsiveness
i. Alertness
ii. Verbal response
iii. Pain stimuli
iv. Unresponsiveness
f. Protect spine if necessary
2. Activate Medical Assistance
a. Care first or Call first
i. Call first: cardio related problem –adult
ii. first: respiratory problem – Child and infant
b. A bystander will be requested to call for a physician
i. Take note of the following in activating medical assistance
1. What happened
2. Location
3. Number of persons injured
4. Extent of injury and first aid given
5. Telephone number from where you are calling
6. The person who activate medical assistance must identify
him/herself and drop the phone last
Primary Survey
c. The person who activate medical assistance must identify him/herself and
drop the phone last
i. Airway
ii. Breathing (LLF)
iii. Circulation (10SEC)
3. Secondary Survey
a. Interview the victim
i. Name
ii. What happened
iii. Access SAMPLE history
1. Signs and symptoms
2. Allergies
3. Medication taken
4. Past/present medical illness
5. Lat oral intake
6. Event prior to incident
b. Check the vital signs
i. Determine radial or carotid pulse
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ii. Determine breathing

iii. Determine skin appearance
1. Victim’s face, lips, skin appearance, temperature, moisture
and color
c. Do head to toe examination looking for DOTS

i. Deformity
ii. Open wound
iii. Tenderness
iv. Swelling
Emergency Rescue is a quick transfer of patient from unsafe to a safe place. Indication
for Emergency Rescue
1. Danger of fire or explosion.
2. Danger of toxic gases or asphyxia due to lack of oxygen.
3. Serious traffic hazards.
4. Risk of drowning.
5. Danger of electrocution.
6. Danger of collapsing walls.
Methods of Rescue
1. For immediate rescue without any assistance, drag or pull the victim.
2. Most of the one-man drag/carries and other transfer methods can be used as
methods of rescue.
Transfer is moving a patient from one place to another after giving first aid.
Factors to be considered in the selection of choosing the transfer method.

1. Nature and severity of the injury.
2. Size of the victim.
3. Physical capabilities of the first aider.
4. Number of personnel and equipment available.
5. Nature of evacuation route.
6. Distance to be covered.
7. Gender of the victims. (last consideration)
Pointers to be observed during transfer

1. Victim’s airway must be maintained open
2. Hemorrhage is controlled
3. Victim is safely maintained in the correct position
4. Regular check of the victim’s condition is made
5. Supporting bandages and dressing remain effectively applied
6. The method of transfer is safe, comfortable and as speedy as circumstances
permit
7. The patient’s body is moved as one unit
8. The taller first aiders stay at the head side of the victim
9. First Aiders/bearers must observe ergonomics in lifting and moving of patient
Methods
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Methods of Transfer
1. One-Man carry/assist
a. Walking Assist
b. Cradle carry-Light Victims or children
c. Pack-strap carry-can be used with conscious or unconscious persons
d. Firefighters carry-not too heavy for the bearers
2. Two-man assist/carries
a. Swing carry (two-handed seat)
b. Extremity carry
3. Three-man carries
a. Hammock Carry
b. Blanket Carry
WOUND
Open wound
Control Methods for External Bleeding:
1. Direct pressure stops most bleeding.
2. Wear medical exam gloves (if possible)
3. Place a sterile gauze pad or a clean cloth over wound
4. Elevation injured part to help reduce blood flow.
5. Combine with direct pressure over the wound (this will
allow you to attend to other injuries or victims).
Close wound
Control Methods for Internal Bleeding:
Signs of internal bleeding:
• Bruises or contusions of the skin
• Painful, tender, rigid, bruised abdomen
• Vomiting or coughing up blood
• Stools that are black or contain bright red blood
Close wound management

For minor internal injury, follow these steps:
1. Ice application and compression
2. Splinting and immobilization
For severe internal bleeding, follow these steps:

1. Monitor ABC’s (Airway Breathing Circulation)
2. Keep the victim lying on his/her left side. (This will help prevent
expulsion of vomit from stomach, or allow the vomit to drain and also
prevent the victim from inhaling vomit).
3. Treat for shock by raising the victim’s legs 8 – 12
4. Seek immediate medical attention
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BURNS
Burns have been described as:
First-degree burns (Superficial)
• Only the skin’s outer layer (epidermis) is damaged.
• Symptoms include redness, mild swelling, tenderness, and pain.
• Usually heals without scarring.
What to Do:
1. Immerse in cold water 10 to 45 minutes or use cold, wet cloths.
• Cold stops burn progression
• May use other liquids
Second-degree burns (Partial Thickness)

• Epidermis and upper regions of dermis are damaged.
• Symptoms include blisters, swelling, weeping of fluids, and
severe pain.
What to Do:
1. Immerse in cold water / wet pack
2. Aspirin or ibuprofen 3
3. Do not break blisters
4. May seek medical attention
Third-degree burns (Full Thickness)

• Severe burns that penetrate all the skin layers, into the
underlying fat and muscle.
• Symptoms include: the burned area appears gray-white,
cherry red, or black; there is no initial edema or pain (since
nerve endings are destroyed)
What to Do:
1. 1. Usually not necessary to apply cold to areas of third degree
2. Do not apply ointments
3. Apply sterile, non-stick dressings (do not use plastic)
4. Check ABC’s 5. Treat for shock 6. Get medical help
Classification of Burn
A. Thermal (heat) burns caused by:
• Flames
• Hot objects
• Flammable vapor that ignites
• Steam or hot liquid
What to Do:
1. Stop the burning
a. Remove victim from burn source
b. If open flame, smother with blanket, coat or similar item, or have the
victim roll on ground. 2.
2. Determine the depth (degree) of the burn
B. Chemical burns
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The result of a caustic or corrosive substance touching the skin caused

by:
• Acids (batteries)
• Alkalis (drain cleaners- often more extensive)
• Organic compounds (oil products)
What to Do:
1. Remove the chemical by flushing the area with water
• Brush dry powder chemicals from the skin before flushing
• Take precautions to protect yourself from exposure to the chemical
2. Remove the victim’s contaminated clothing and jewelry while flushing with
water
Chemical burns (skin, eyes)
• Cover the burned area with a dry, sterile dressing
• Seek medical attention
Electrical Burns
A mild electrical shock can cause serious internal injuries.

• True Electrical Injury (contact) – Occurs when an electric current
truly passes through the body.
What to Do:
1. Make sure the scene is safe
• Unplug, disconnect, or turn off the power.
• If that is impossible, call the power company or EMS for help.
o Do not contact high voltage wires
o Consider all wires live
o Do not handle downed lines
o Do not come in contact with person if the electrical source is
live
2. Check ABCs. (Airway Breathing Circulation)
3. If the victim fell, check for a spinal injury. 4.
4. Treat the victim for shock by elevating the legs 8 – 12
5. if no spinal injury is suspected.
6. Seek medical attention immediately
BANDAGING TECHNIQUE
Clothe material commonly used in First Aid

a) Dressing any germ-free fabric material used to plaster wound
b) Bandage any clean fabric material that hold the dressing in place
(sterile or not)
Use of Triangular Bandage

Open phase
1. Head Top Side
2. Chest: Back
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3. Hand: Foot
4. Arm Slings
5. Underarm Slings
Cravat phase (Broad, Semi Broad, Narrow)
1. Forehead; Eyes
2. Ear; Cheek; Jaw
3. Shoulder; Hip
4. Arm; leg
5. Elbow; Knee bent
6. Open Palm
Elastic Bandage
1. Anchor
2. Circular
3. Spiral open and Close
4. Figure of eight
5. Recurrent (Stomp)
PMS
P – Pulse
M – Motor
S – Sensory
Guidelines in using dressings and bandages
1. Use a dressing that is large enough to extend at least 1 inch beyond the edges
of the wound. 2.
2. If body tissue or organs are exposed, cover the wound with a dressing that
will not stick, such as plastic wrap or moistened gauze. Then secure the
dressing with a bandage or adhesive tapes. 3.
3. If the bandage is over a joint remains immobilized. If there is no movement of
a wound over the joint there should be improved healing and reduced
scarring. 4.
4. A bandage should fit snugly but should not cut off circulation or cause the
victim discomfort. If the area beyond the wound changes color begins to tingle
or feel cold, or if the wound starts to swell, the bandage is too tight and should
be loosened. 5.
5. Bandaging techniques depend upon:
a. Size and location of the wound
b. Your first aid skills
c. Materials at hand
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CRITERIA
C-Careful Handling
A – Accuracy
N – Neatness
S – Speed
S – Square Knot
Bandaging
Hand Head
Injury Injury
Injuries The
Fingers Arm
Sling
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Shoulder and Upper Arm (In case of fracture of the shoulder blade)
Shoulder and Upper Arm (for fracture in the upper ar
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Improvised splint for fracture

forearm or wrist For fractured foot
For sprained foot

For
Fractured
Knee cap
For fracture lower

leg ( Tibia and
Fibula)
BITES AND STINGS

Bee and Wasp Stings
• Bee and wasp stings are dangerous because there are many people who are
allergic to their venom.
What to do?
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• Look for the shock

o Pallor o
o Cold sweat
o Clammy skin
o Rapid breathing
o Rapid pulse rate
o Drowsiness
o Loss of consciousness
• Call an ambulance/ go to the Emergency Department of the nearest hospital if
there is shock, multiple stings, or sting in the mouth.
• For the sting in the mouth, suck ice to reduce swelling while on the way to
hospital.
• Try to find the insect, which is likely to have died after stinging, to determine
whether it is a bee or wasp.
• If a sting is present, remove it with a pair of tweezers or scrape it way with
sterilized needle/ clean fingernails.
o Do not squeeze as this pushes the venom deeper into the skin.
• Do not squeeze as this pushes the venom deeper into the skin.
Bee Sting (which has acid venom)

• Apply a weak alkali to neutralized the acid venom.
o Paste of bicarbonate of soda (baking soda)
o Dilute ammonia
Wasp sting (which has alkali venom)
• Apply weak acid
o Vinegar
o Lemon juice to neutralize the alkali venom
Don’t know whether bee or wasp sting
• Apply antihistamine cream
o Corticosteroids
• Surgical spirit
o Ethanol
• Cold Compress
o Ice cubes wrapped in small towel
Insect Bites
These insect bites are more irritating than serious and easily treated at home.
• Clean the wound with soap and water
• Do not scratch or skin may break or bleed and get infected
o If you must, stroke with the soft part of the finger, not the nails.
Ant Bite
• Apply a weak alkali to neutralized the formic acid released by an ant when it
bite.
o Paste of bicarbonate of soda (baking soda)

o Dilute ammonia
Bedbug/ flea Bite
• Apply calamine lotion or antihistamine cream to soothe the itch.
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Mosquito Bite
• Apply anti-itch cream
• Cologne
• Surgical spirit (ethanol)
• To soothe the itch
o If you don’t scratch, the bump/itch usually disappear in about half an
hour.
Tick Bite
• Apply dilute ammonia to kill the tick
• If the tick is stubbornly attached to the skin, apply alcohol/ oil/ petroleum jelly to
loosen the grip before removing it with tweezers.
• Apply calamine lotion to soothe the itch.
Dog Bite
The seriousness of dog bite depends on how deep the wound is, whether or not
infections sets in, and whether or not the dog has rabies.
• Wash the wound with Soap and Water
• Stop bleeding
• Apply an antiseptic lotion, cover with clean dry dressing
• See your doctor if…
o there is severe bleeding,
o the wound is infected
o you cannot remember when you have last been immunized against
tetanus
o you suspected the dog may be rabid
Snake Bite
Unless you are a snake expert, it is safer to treat all snakebites as if they are poisonous.
• Move as little as possible
o To slow down entry of venom into the bloodstream and reaching the vital
organs.
• Do not move the bitten limb
• Wash the wound with soap and water to remove any venom then cover with
clean dry dressing
• Take simple painkillers, if necessary.
• Call an ambulance/ go to Emergency Dept. of the nearest hospital at once.
• Try to remember the snake looked like so that you can describe it to the hospital
authorities/ snake experts, who will then be better able to find the right antidote.
Poisonous Non-Poisonous Poisonous Non-poisonous
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Drowning
• Do not waste time trying to remove water from the lungs.
What you can do (first aider)
• Get the person on to dry land
• Check for breathing,
• If breathing has stopped, start mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
• If breathing is normal, place him in the recovery position.
Electric Shock
Severe shock often causes loss of consciousness and severe burns, and may stop the
breathing.
• Do not touch the person until you make sure electrical contact has been
broken.
What can you do (first aider)?
• Check if there is continuing electrical contact.
• If so, break off the electrical contact in one of the following ways.
• Switch off the power sources
• Pull out the plug from the socket by the power cable
o Use a dry non-conducting material to push or pull off the defective
electrical appliance/ live wire from the person.
o Do not use anything made of metal
• If breathing has stopped, start mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
• If the person’s heart has stopped, start CPR.
• If breathing is normal, place the person in recovery position.
Fainting
It is a temporary loss of consciousness, which is not serious. Fainting should be
distinguished from
• an epileptic convulsion,
• a mild stroke
• and other serious causes of loss of consciousness.
It is due to a temporary drop in the blood flow to the head, caused by standing up
suddenly from sitting/ lying position prolonged standing without movement
• Emotional stress
o fear
o anger
• Physical stress
o hunger
o excessive heat/ cold
o intense pain
Occasionally, a person collapses suddenly without warning. Recovery of consciousness
almost always occurs when the victim falls or is placed in a reclining position, although
injury may occur from the fall.
To prevent a fainting attack, a person who feels weak and dizzy should lie down or
bend over with his head at the level of his knees.
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Manifestations Signs and symptoms are usually preceded or accompanied by—

• Extreme paleness
• Sweating
• Coldness of the skin
• Dizziness
• Numbness and tingling of the hands and feet
• Nausea
• Possible disturbance of vision
What can we do…

• Leave the victim lying down.
• Loosen any tight clothing and keep crowds away.
• If the victim vomits, roll him onto his side or turn his head to the side and, if
necessary, wipe out his mouth with your fingers, preferably wrapped in cloth.
• Maintain an open airway.
• Do not pour water over the victim’s face because of the danger of aspiration;
instead, bathe his face gently with cool water.
• Do not give any liquid unless the victim has revived.
• Examine the victim to determine whether or not he has suffered injury from
falling.
• Unless recovery is prompt, seek medical assistance. The victim should be
carefully observed afterward because fainting might be a brief episode in the
development of a serious underlying illness.
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Bone Fracture
• is a medical condition in which a bone is cracked or
broken. It is a break in the continuity of the bone.
Types of Fractures
Complete Fracture
• The bone snaps into two or more parts
Incomplete Fracture
• The bone cracks but does not break all the way
through
Compound Fracture
• Called an open fracture
• The bone breaks through the
skin
• It may then recede back into the
wound and not be visible
through the skin
Simple Fracture
• Closed fracture
• The bone breaks but there is no
open wound in the skin
Greenstick Fracture
• An incomplete fracture in which the
bone is bent.
• This type occurs most often in
children.
Transverse Fracture
• A fracture at a right angle to the bone's axis
What first aider can do?

• Immobilization of the affected area is required - Get Help!
• Keep the patient still and support the injured area.
• For arm fractures a sling can be made to support and
immobilize the affected area, which can be hung around
the neck using triangular bandage or cloth.
• Splints (any long firm object) can be used for support and
immobilization, but usually splinting to another part of the
body is best.
• In case of leg fractures the patient's both legs can be tied
together.
• Open fractures - control the bleeding with sterile dressing and pressure if required.
Head Injury
Head injury is any trauma that leads to injury of the scalp, skull, or brain.
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• The injuries can range from a minor bump on the skull to serious brain injury.
Types of HEAD INJURY
• Intra-axial hemorrhage is bleeding within the brain itself, cerebral hemorrhage.
• Extra-axial hemorrhage, bleeding that occurs within the skull but outside of the
brain tissue.
Symptoms
• unconsciousness
• abnormal breathing
• obvious serious wound or fracture
• bleeding or clear fluid from the nose, ear, or mouth
• disturbance of speech or vision
• pupils of unequal size
• weakness
• dizziness
• neck pain or stiffness
• vomiting more than two to three times
• loss of bladder or bowel control
Don’ts and don’t!
• DO NOT wash a head wound that is deep or bleeding a lot.
• DO NOT remove any object sticking out of a wound.
• DO NOT shake the person if he or she seems dazed.
• DO NOT drink alcohol within 48 hours of a serious head injury.
FIRST AID FOR HEAD INJURY

• If possible, place the victim in a dim, quiet area.
• Lay the victim down with his head and shoulders slightly elevated.
• If the wound is bleeding, dress it with gauze or clean cloth.
• Do not leave the victim unattended.
• If the victim loses consciousness, you may need to perform CPR.
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DIFFERENT KINDS OF HEAD INJURIES…
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HEAT STROKE
Heat stroke is the most severe form of heat related illness.
• Heat stroke is severe injury from high body temperatures that causes damage to
many organs, particularly the central nervous system, which include the brain and
spinal cord.
• Heat stroke is a life-threatening emergency. Without proper care, heat stroke
victims will most likely die.
Symptoms
• Numbness, weakness, or paralysis of the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side
of the body.
• Trouble seeing in one or both eyes. You may have double vision, or things may look
dim or blurry.
• Confusion or trouble understanding.
• Slurred or garbled speech.
• Trouble walking. You may feel unsteady, dizzy, or clumsy.
• Severe headache.
Treatment
• Remove the person to a shady place
• Cool the person by sponging with wet towel
• Apply ice packs in armpits and groin
• Water with electrolyte, fruit / vegetable juice should be given
• Victim must be rested
The best way to prevent stroke,
• The most important measures to prevent heat strokes are to avoid becoming
dehydrated and to avoid vigorous physical activities in hot and humid weather.
• Avoid drinking too much alcohol / coffee / soda / ALCOHOL
• Avoid cholesterol…foods
• Wear light weight, light- colored, loose-fitting clothes
• Protect yourself from the sun by wearing sun glasses and hat
NOSE BLEEDING
Do not waste time trying to remove water from the lungs.
Epistaxis (or a nosebleed in plain English) is the relatively

common occurrence of hemorrhage from the nose, usually
noticed when the blood drains out through the nostrils.
WHAT CAUSES NOSE BLEEDING

• An increase in blood pressure (e.g. due to general
hypertension) or local blood flow (for example
following a cold or infection)
• An increase in blood pressure (e.g. due to general
hypertension)
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• or local blood flow (for example following a cold or infection)

What do do…
• Stay calm, slowly taking deep breaths through your
mouth.
• Keep your head tilted down, but above the level of
your heart.
• Put ice on the bridge of your nose (the bony part).
Placing ice on the back of your neck works well as
there is an artery located there that sends blood to
your head. This works well for some people, but this
can vary from person to person.
• Pinch your nose just below the bridge. There is a vein
just below the nose bone that is the source of many
bloody noses. Pinching puts pressure on it, which
arrests the bleeding and speeds the clotting process.
• Pinch for 10 minutes. Try not to let go to see if the bleeding has stopped - it might
start again.
• Find a bathroom as you continue pinching. Now that you have slowed the bleeding
by pinching, you should find a bathroom where you can clean up once the bleeding
has stopped.
• If the bleeding continues, pinch again for another 10 minutes. If your nose is still
bleeding, pinch for a further 10 minutes. If the bleeding still persists, then seek
medical attention.
POISONING
Intake of poisonous contents either by the mouth or through the nose
SYMPTONS OF A POISONED VICTIM
• Burns or redness around the mouth and lips, which can result from drinking
certain poisons
• Breath that smells like chemicals, such as gasoline or paint thinner
• Burns, stains and odors on the person, on his or her clothing, or on the furniture,
floor, rugs or other objects in the surrounding area
• Empty medication bottles or scattered pills
• Vomiting, difficulty breathing, sleepiness, confusion or other unexpected signs
When to call for help:

Call your local emergency number immediately if the person is:
• Drowsy or unconscious
• Having difficulty breathing or has stopped breathing
• Uncontrollably restless or agitated
• Having seizures
What to do while waiting for help:
• If the person has been exposed to poisonous fumes, such as carbon monoxide, get
him or her into fresh air immediately.
• If the person swallowed the poison, remove anything remaining in the mouth.
• If the poison spilled on the person's clothing, skin or eyes, remove the clothing.
Flush the skin or eyes with cool or lukewarm water, such as by using a shower for
20 minutes or until help arrives.
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• Take the poison container (or any pill bottles) with you to the hospital.
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT AND CARDIO PULMONARY

RESUSCITATION
General Objectives
At the end of this course participants should be able to demonstrate:

• How to assess the collapsed victim.
• How to perform chest compression and rescue breathing.
• How to operate an automated external defibrillator safely.
• How to place an unconscious breathing victim in the recovery position.
FACTS AND STATS
• Three (3) Filipinos are hospitalized daily due to Heart Disease (HD).
• Thirty-seven (37) Filipinos are hospitalized daily due to Cardiovascular (CV)
related Disease.
• Eight (8) Filipinos die every hour due to HD.
• Five (5) Filipinos die every hour due to CV related Disease.
BACKGROUND
• Approximately 67,000 cardiac arrests per year in the Philippines
• Survival to hospital discharge presently unknown.
• Bystander CPR vital intervention before arrival of emergency services
• Early resuscitation and prompt defibrillation (within 1-2 minutes) can result in
>60% survival
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
Refers to maintaining the airway patency and supporting breathing and the
circulation without the use of equipment other than a protective device.
• Includes recognition of signs of sudden cardiac death (SCA), heart
attack, stroke, and foreign-body airway obstruction (FBAO).
• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
• Defibrillation with an automated external defibrillator (AED).
CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
(Adult survival)
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Severe Airway Obstruction
Signs:
Rescuer Action:
• Poor or no air exchange
• Ask the victim if he or he is choking.
• Weak, ineffective cough or no If the victim nod yes and cannot talk,
cough at all s severe airway obstruction I present
and you must try to relieve the
• High-pitched noise while obstruction.
inhaling or no noise at all.
• Increased respiratory difficulty
• Possible cyanosis (turning blue)
• Unable to speak
Clutching the neck with the thumb

and fingers, making the universal
choking sign
Mild Airway Obstruction
Signs: Rescuer Actions:

• Good air exchange • As long as good air exchange continues,
• Can cough forcefully encourage the victim to continue
• May wheeze between spontaneous coughing and breathing
cough efforts.
•Do not interfere with the victim’s own

attempts to expel the foreign body, but
stay with the victim and monitor
his/her condition.
• If mild airway obstruction persists,
activate the emergency response
system.
1. Immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency
response system.
2. Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with an emphasis on chest
compressions.
3. Rapid defibrillation
4. Effective advanced life support.
5. Integrated post-cardiac arrest care.
FOREIGN BODY AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION (FBAO)
• Universal distress signal for foreign body airway obstruction.
RELIEF OF CHOKING IN AN ADULT VICTIM
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Relieving Choking in a Responsive Victim 1 year of Age and Older
1. Stand or kneel behind the victim and wrap your arms around
the victim’s waist.
2. Make a fist with one hand.
3. Place the thumb side of your fist against the victim’s abdomen,
in the midline, slightly above the navel and well below the
breastbone.
4. Grasp your fist with your other hand and press your fist into
the victim’s abdomen with a quick, forceful upward thrust.
unresponsive.
5. Repeat thrusts until the object is expelled from the airway or the victim becomes
6. Give each new trust with a separate, distinct movement to relieve the obstruction.
CAUTION! If the victim is pregnant or obese, perform chest thrust instead of

abdominal thrust.
Relieving Choking in Unresponsive Victim 1 year of Age and Older
If the victim becomes unresponsive.

1. Put the victim flat on the ground (supine position).
2. Activate the emergency response system.
3. Perform CPR, (no need to check pulse), (before you ventilate open the victim’s
mouth wide and look for the object, if you see the object that can be easily
removed, removed it with your fingers.)
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RELIEF OF CHOKING IN AN INFANT VICTIM
Mild Airway Obstruction
Rescuer Actions:
Signs: • Do not interfere with the infant’s
• Good air exchange own attempts to expel the
• Can cough forcefully foreign body, but stay with the
• May wheeze between cough victim and monitor his or her
condition.
• If mild airway obstruction

persists, activate the emergency
response system.
Severe Airway Obstruction
Signs: Rescuer Action:

• Poor or no air exchange
• If the infant cannot make any
• Weak, ineffective cough or no sounds or breathe, severe
cough at airway obstruction I present
• all and you must try to relieve
• High-pitched noise while obstruction.
inhaling or no noise at all.
• Increased respiratory
difficulty
• Possible cyanosis (turning
blue)
• Unable to cry
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Relieving Choking in a Responsive Infant Victim

1. Kneel or sit the infant in your lap.
2. If it is easy to do, remove clothing from the infant’s chest.
3. Hold the infant facedown with the head lightly lower than the chest, resting
on your forearm. Support the infant’s head and jaw with your hand. Rest your
forearm on your lap or thigh to support the infant.
4. Deliver 5 back slaps forcefully between the infant’s shoulder

blade, using the heel of the hand.
5. Turn the infant as a unit while carefully supporting the head

and neck. Hold the infant face up, with your fore arm resting on your thigh.
Keep the infant’s head lower than the trunk.
6. Provide up to 5 quick downward chest thrusts in the middle

of the chest over the lower half of the breastbone.
7. Repeat sequence of 5 back slaps and 5 chest thrusts until

the object I removed or the infant becomes unresponsive.
CAUTION! If the victim is pregnant or obese, perform chest thrust instead of
abdominal thrust.
Relieving Choking in Unresponsive Infant Victim

If the infant becomes unresponsive.
1. Put the victim flat on the ground (supine position).
2. Activate the emergency response system.
3. Perform CPR, (no need to check pulse), (before you ventilate open the victim’s mouth
wide and look for the object, if you see the object that can easily removed, removed it
with your fingers.)
Choking
Occurs if any foreign body enters and blocks the air-way leading to the lungs.
• If the person manages to clear the foreign body with a bout of coughing, then
nothing further needs to be done. But if the person continues to choke and has
difficulty in breathing, then first aid is need at once.
Partial Blockage Symptoms:
• Choking, but able to breathe, cough, and speak
• Difficulty in breathing
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First aider can do:
• Open the Person’s mouth, and try to find and remove the foreign body with your
fingers cannot reach it, use something long and narrow (tweezers, pliers, or
chopsticks) to take it out. Be careful not to push it further in.
• If the foreign body cannot be found / reached but the person is in good condition,
tell him to stay calm and breathe deeply and slowly, which will relax the airway.
• If the blockage remains and the person is becoming weak, put him face down on a
table with his upper body hanging over the edge. Slap him hard several times
between the shoulder blades with the heel of your palm, and urge him to cough at
the same time.
Total Blockage
Instant action is indeed. You have only about 3 minutes to remove the blockage,
before lack of oxygen causes brain damage.
Symptoms:
• Choking and unable to breathe, cough, or speak
• Turning blue in the face
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CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
• Combination of chest compression and rescue breathing.
• Management to victim’s experiencing cardiac arrest.
STEP 1: 1. Make sure the scene is safe for you and the victim.
ASSESSMENT AND 2. Tap the victim’s shoulder and shout, ―Hey! Hey! Hey! Are
SCENE SAFETY you okay? 2x
3. Check to see if the victim is breathing (By placing your
hand at least 2 inches high above the mouth of the victim). If
the victim is not breathing or not breathing normally, you
must activate the emergency response system
STEP 2: ACTIVATE 1. If you are alone and find unresponsive victim not
THE EMERGENCY breathing, shout for help. If no one responds, activate the
RESPONSE emergency response system, get an AED if available, and
SYSTEM AND GET return to the victim. If there is other person to activate
AN AED medical system, instruct him/her to call to the nearest
hospital and get an AED.
STEP 3: Check for Check for Pulse and or Signs of life

Pulse and or Signs 1. Locate the center of the frontal neck area, using 2 or 3
of life fingers.
2. Slide these 2 or 3 fingers into the side of the neck area,
where you can feel the carotid pulse
3. Feel the pulse for at least 5 but not more than 10 seconds
while observing for any movement or signs of life.
STEP 4: 1. Kneel down at the side of the victim.

Begin Cycles of 30 2. Position the victim on a supine position.
Chest Compressions 3. Place the heel of one hand on the center of the victim’s
and 2 chest.
ventilation(CPR) 4. Put the other hand on top of the first hand. Straighten your
arms and position your shoulders directly over your hands.
5. Perform 30 chest compressions, press down at least 2
inches with each compression, deliver compressions in a
smooth fashion, and make sure you allow complete recoil in
every compression.
6. After 30 chest compressions, give 2 ventilations
1. Open the airway (Head tilt chin lift maneuver)
2. Pinch the nose
3. Give 1 full ventilation and watch for the chest to rise;
if chest does not rise, reposition and re-tilt the head.
4. Give the second full ventilation and watch for the
chest to rise.
7. Repeat 30 chest compression and 2 ventilations for 5
cycles 8. After 5 cycles of CPR recheck the pulse, if still
negative pulse repeat CPR, if positive pulse put the victim in a
recovery position
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BASIC LIFE SUPPORT OVERVIEW
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AUTTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILATOR

Fundamental Facts:
When ventricular fibrillation, the heart muscle fibers do not contact together to pump
blood. A defibrillator delivers an electric shock to ―reset‖ o that they can begin to
contact at the same time.
STEP ACTION
1. Power ON the AED
2. Attach AED pads to the victim’s bare chest.
a. Place one AED pad on the victim’s upper right chest (directly
below the collar bone).
b. Place the other pad to the side of the left nipple, with the top
edge of the pad a few inches below the armpit.
3. Do not touch the victim while AED I analyzing the rhythm.
4. If the AED advises a shock, it will tell you not to touch the victim.
press shock button.
5. If no shock advise or needed, immediately resume CPR
6. Always follow AED instruction.
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Disaster Management and

Preparedness
FIRE IN YOUR HOME: PREVENTION AND
SURVIVAL
Fire is the active principle of burning, characterized

by the heat and light of combustion.
Fire triangle
• Fuel: Gas, liquid or solid.
• Heat: Electrical, chemical, mechanical,
nuclear and solar heat energies
• Oxygen: Approximately 16% is required.
Normal air condition contains 21% O2. Some fuel materials contain enough
oxygen within their makeup to support burning.
Classes of Fire
Class A: involve ordinary combustible

materials, such as wood, cloth, paper,
rubber and plastics.
Class B: involves flammable/ combustible

liquids, greases and gases.
Class C: involves energized electrical

equipment.
Class D: Involves combustible metals,

such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium,
sodium, and potassium.
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Method of heat transfer

• Conduction: It is the transmission of heat from one body to another. It is the
transfer of heat from one molecule to another molecule.
• Convection: It is the diffusion of heat in liquid or gas form through the motion
of its parts.
• Radiation: It is the act of radiating or the emission and propagation of radiant
heat or energy. It involves the stages of emission, absorption and transmission
of heat or energy. It involves the thermal process whereby atmospheric
circulation is maintained through the upward or downward transfer of air
masses of different temperature.
• Direct transfer: This is the transfer of heat from one body to another through
direct flame contact.
Stages of fire
• Incipient Stage. There is no visible smoke or flame.
• Smoldering Stage. There is smoke but no flame.
• Flame Stage. There is smoke and flame.
• Heat Stage. There is uncontrolled spread of superheated air.
Death caused by severe burns is only one fatal effect of fire
How fires kill
• Suffocation
• Smoke and poisonous gases o
o Carbon monoxide o
o Hydrogen cyanide o
o Hydrogen chloride o
o Carbon dioxide
• Heat
Reporting fire and smoke immediately

• Sound the alarm
• Get out of the burning house immediately
• Go to the nearest telephone outside the burning
house and call Fire Department
• My name is_______ and I want to report fire at
________. (Do not hang the phone if you are not
told to)
• After calling the fire department, return to your
meeting place to wait for the fire department
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How to prepare
• Smoke detector:
o A smoke detector is your first line of defense
o Smoke detectors should be installed on every level of your home.
o Test your smoke detectors at least once a month and never paint
them.
o Be sure everyone can hear the smoke alarms near his or her
sleeping area.
• Automatic fire sprinkler systems
o The best time to install a home sprinkler system is when the house
or apartment building is being built.
• EDITH: Exit Drills In The Home
o Plan your escape, and practice your
plan.
o Draw a floor plan of your home.
▪ Know at least two ways out of
each room and show them on
your floor plan
▪ Be thorough
▪ Indicate primary and alternate
escape routes from each room
▪ In a multi-story home, plan safe escape routes through upper-story
▪ Post your floor plan
▪ Revise your escape plan
o Learn your escape route and keep them clear
o Decide on a meeting place outside your home
o Know how to contact the fire department
o Teach emergency procedure to your children
o Hold an exit drill every six months
Survival tips
• Sleep with bedroom doors open
o Be sure everyone can hear the smoke alarms near his or
her sleeping area.
• Teach everyone in your household to recognize the sound of your
smoke alarm
• Test doors before opening them
o If the door is warm, use an alternate escape route.
• Use windows as alternate escape routes
• Crawl low under smoke
o Crawl on your hands and knees keeping your head in the
safe zone.
• Call the fire department
• If your clothes catch fire: Stop, Drop, and Roll
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• Cool a burn
o Cool the burn by holding the burned skin under cool running water for 10 to 15
minutes.
Learn not to burn

• Smoking Materials
o A cigarette that falls into upholstery can smolder for hours before bursting into
flames.
o Recognize the Hazards of Careless Smoking
• Cooking
o If a small grease fire starts in a pan, smother the flames by carefully sliding a
large lid over the pan.
• Heating appliances
• Rubbish Fire
o One way to protect your home from arson is to eliminate sources of fuel.
• Electrical systems and related equipment
o Air-conditioners should be plugged into separate heavy-duty electrical circuits.
• Open Flames
o Keep flashlights and batteries ready in case your electric power goes out.
o Flammable fluids
o Store flammable liquids is tightly sealed containers.
o Allow gasoline-powered engines to cool before refueling them.
o If your Christmas three-lights are worn or have a loose connection, replace them.
• Children playing with fire
Fire-safe Behavior
• Camping
• Barbecuing
• Gasoline-powered engines
• Fabrics
• Holidays and celebrations
Building fire safety into your home
• Automatic fire sprinkler systems
• Walls
• Paneling
• Ceilings
• Insulation
• Alternative heating
Method of extinguishing fire
The effectivity of putting out a certain fire depends on two main factors:
• The right kind of extinguishing agent
• The correct method of applying that agent.
1. Cooling down the heat
2. Excluding the Oxygen
3. Removing the Fuel
4. Inhibition of the Chain Reaction
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In case of fire, think…

• S – Sound the alarm
• A – Advise the Fire Brigade and call the Department
• F – Fight the Fire
• E – Evacuate the Area
• T – Tell Others
• Y – You Get Clear
Portable fire extinguishers
• HCFC (HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBON) 123 Fire Extinguisher. HCFC 123 is

a clean extinguishing agent that removes heat and displaces oxygen from the
combustion zone. It effectively extinguishes Class A, B and C fires by cooling
and smothering.
• Dry Chemical Fire Extinguisher. It is a multipurpose fire extinguisher
suitable for class A, B and C fires.
• Carbon Dioxide. (CO2) Fire Extinguisher. This type of extinguisher is
primarily intended for use on Class B and C fires.
• Aqueous Film Forming Foam. (AFFF) Fire Extinguisher. It is suitable for class
A and B fires only
Using the fire extinguishers
• The operator must be strong enough to lift and operate the extinguishers
• When fighting a fire with a portable extinguisher, remember the word PASS.
o Pull the pin
o Aim at the base of fire o Squeeze the level
o Sweep side to side
• Fire extinguishers should be mounted on a wall in plain sight near exits, so
that fire cannot block your escapes.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER EARTHQUAKE
Earthquake
One of the most frightening and destructive phenomena of nature is a severe

earthquake and its terrible aftereffects.
Earthquakes strike suddenly, violently, and without warning at any time of the day or
night. If an earthquake occurs in a populated area, it may cause many deaths and
injuries and extensive property damage.
Although there are no guarantees of safety during an earthquake, identifying potential

hazards ahead of time and advance planning can save lives and significantly reduce
injuries and property damage.
BEFORE
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THE KEY TO EFFECTIVE DISASTER PREVENTION IS PLANNING:

• Earthquakes occur within the Philippine Archipelago every now and then
mainly because the country is situated along two major tectonic plates of the
world – the PACIFIC PLATES and the EURASIAN PLATES. Philippine has ~300
volcanoes with 22 of them considered active thus we are prone to earthquakes.
• Be sure that proper structural design and engineering practice is followed when
constructing a house or building.
• Evaluate the structural soundness of buildings and important infrastructures;
strengthen or retrofit found necessary.
FAMILIARIZE YOURSELF WITH YOUR SURROUNDING

• Identify relatively strong parts of the building like door jambs, near elevator
shafts, sturdy tables, where you can take refuge during an earthquake.
• Know the location of the fire extinguishers, first aid kits, alarms and emergency
exit. These should be accessibly and conveniently located, and prominently
marked.
PREPARE YOUR PLACE OF WORK AND RESIDENCE FOR THE EVENT
• Strap heavy furniture/cabinets to the wall to prevent sliding or topping.
• Breakable items, harmful chemicals and flammable materials should be stored in the
lowermost shelves and secured firmly.
• Make it a habit to turn off gas tanks when not in use.
MOST CAUSES OF INJURIES DURING EARTHQUAKE ARE FROM FALLING DEBRIS
• Heavy materials should be kept in lower shelves.
• Check the stability of hanging objects which may break loose and fall during
earthquakes.
PREPARE AND MAINTAIN AN EARTHQUAKE SURVIVAL KIT
• Kit should consist of a battery powered radio, flashlight, first aid kit, potable
water, candies, ready-to-eat food, whistle and dust mask.
DEVELOP AN EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION PLAN
• In case family members are separated from one another during an earthquake
(a real possibility during the day when adults are at work and children are at
school), develop a plan for reuniting after the disaster.
• Ask an out-of-region relative or friend to serve as the ―family contact. ‖ After a
disaster, it’s often easier to call long distance. Make sure everyone in the family
knows the name, address and phone number of the contact person.
• Decide how and where your family will reunite if separated during an
earthquake.
CONDUCT EARTHQUAKE AND EVACUATION DRILL

LEARN FIRST AID AND CPR
LEARN HOW TO USE FIRE EXTINGUISHER
DURING
IF YOU ARE INSIDE A STRUCTURALLY SOUND BUILDING, STAY THERE
• Don’t panic
• Do not run outside of building during shaking or use the stairways or elevators.
Many people are killed just outside of building by falling objects.
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• Open the door

• Protect your body from falling debris. Get under a sturdy desk or table or brace
yourself in a doorway. If the desk or table moves, hold the legs and move with
it.
• Turn away from windows.
• Duck, Cover and Hold.
IF YOU ARE OUTSIDE, MOVE TO AN OPEN AREA
• Get away from power lines, posts, walls and other structures that may fall or
collapse.
WHEN DRIVING A VEHICLE, PULL TO THE SIDE OF THE ROAD AND STOP
• Do not attempt to cross bridges or overpasses which may have been damaged.
• Stay away from building with glass panes.
IF YOU ARE ALONG THE SHORE
• If you are along the shore and you feel a very strong earthquake, strong enough
to make standing difficult, it is always safest to assume that a tsunami (giant
sea waves) has been triggered. Run away from the shore toward higher ground.
IF YOU ARE ON A MOUNTAIN
• If you are on a mountain or near a steep hill slope, move away from steep
escarpments which may be affected by landslides.
Do not try to hold onto your pet during the shaking. Animals will instinctively protect
themselves and hide where they’re safe. If you get in their way, even the nicest pets
can turn on you.
AFTER
IF YOU ARE INSIDE AN OLD, WEAK STRUCTURE, TAKE THE FASTEST AND SAFEST
WAY OUT
• Do not rush to the exit; get out calmly in an orderly manner.
• Do not use elevators, use the stairs.
CHECK YOURSELF AND OTHERS FOR INJUIRIES.

HELP REDUCE THE NUMBER OF CASUALTIES FROM THE EARTHQUAKE
• Don’t enter partially damaged buildings, aftershocks may cause these to
collapse.
• Stay away from dangerous area.
• Gather information and disaster prevention instructions from battery-
operated radios.
• Help injured or trapped persons.
• Obey public safety precautions.
CHECK YOUR SURROUNDINGS

• Clean-up chemical spills, toxic and flammable materials to avoid any chain of
unwanted events.
• Check for fire and if any, have it controlled.
UNLESS YOU NEED EMERGENCY HELP
• Do not use your telephone to call relatives and friends. Disaster prevention
authorities may need the lines for emergency communications.
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• Do not use your car to drive around disaster-striken areas. Rescue and relief
operations need the roads for mobility.
• Check your water and electrical lines for defects. If any damage is suspected,
turn the system off in the main valve or switch.
IF TRAPPED UNDER DEBRIS

• Do not light a match
• Do not move about or kick up dust.
• Cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing
• Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can locate you. Use a whistle if one is
available. Shout only as a last resort. Shouting can cause you to inhale
dangerous amounts of dust.
TROPICAL CYCLONE
OBJECTIVES At the end of the discussion the students should be able to:
1. Enumerate the classifications of tropical cyclone
2. Identify and explain Public Storms Warning Signal
3. Explain the importance of Public Storm Warning Signal in the preparedness
measure of every individual
Tropical cyclones derive their energy from the latent heat of condensation which made
them exist only over the oceans and die out rapidly on land. One of its distinguishing
features is its having a central sea-level pressure of 900 mb or lower and surface winds
often exceeding 100 knots. They reach their greatest intensity while located over warm
tropical waters and they begin to weaken as they move inland. The intensity of tropical
cyclones vary, thus, we can classify them based upon their degree of intensity. The
classification of tropical cyclones according to the strength of the associated winds are
as follows:
TROPICAL DISTURBANCE is a discrete weather system with an apparent

circulation. It is characterized by a poorly developed wind circulation of weak velocities
and with one or no closed isobars (isobars are lines of equal pressures). This is
commonly observed throughout the wet tropics and sub-tropics.
TROPICAL DEPRESSION is a weak low pressure disturbance with a definite

surface circulation having maximum wind speed of up to 63 kilometers per hour (kph)
or approximately less than 25 miles per hour (mph). It has one or more closed isobars
and is most common in the equatorial regions or intertropical convergence and less
frequent in the trades.
TROPICAL STORM, a moderate tropical cyclone with maximum wind speed of

64 to 118 kph (25 to 75 mph) and with closed isobars.
TYPHOON, an intense tropical cyclone with maximum wind speed exceeding 118
kph.
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PUBLIC STORMS WARNING SIGNALS
PUBLIC STORMS WARNING SIGNAL 1
METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS:
• Tropical cyclone will affect the locality.

• Winds of 30-60 kph may be expected in at least 36 hours or
intermittent rains may be expected within 36 hours. (When
the tropical cyclone develops very close to the locality a
shorter lead time of the occurrence of the winds will be
specified in the warning bulletin.)
IMPACT OF THE WINDS:
• Twigs and branches of small trees may be broken.

• Some banana plants may be tilted or downed.
• Some houses of very light materials (nipa and cogon) may be
partially unroofed.
• Unless this warning signal is upgraded during the entire
existence of the tropical cyclone, only very light or no damage
at all may be sustained by the exposed communities.
• Rice crop, however, may suffer significant damage when it is
in its flowering stage.
PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES
• When the tropical cyclone is strong or is intensifying and is
moving closer, this signal may be upgraded to the next higher
level.
• The waves on coastal waters may gradually develop and
become bigger and higher.
• The people are advised to listen to the latest severe weather
bulletin issued by PAGASA every six hours. In the meantime,
business may be carried out as usual except when flood
occur.
• Disaster preparedness is activated to alert status
• A tropical cyclone will affect the locality. Winds of greater
than 60 kph and up to 100 kph may be expected in at least
24 hours.
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• Some coconut trees may be tilted with few others broken.
• Few big trees may be uprooted.
• Many banana plants may be downed.
• Rice and corn may be adversely affected.
• Large number of nipa and cogon houses may be partially or
totally unroofed.
• Some old galvanized iron roofing’s may be peeled off.
• In general, the winds may bring light to moderate damage to
the exposed communities.
PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES:
• The sea and coastal waters are dangerous to small seacrafts
• The general public especially people travelling by sea and air
are cautioned to avoid unnecessary risks.
• Outdoor activities of children should be postponed.
• Disaster preparedness agencies / organizations are in
action to alert their communities.
• A tropical cyclone will affect the locality.
• Winds of greater than 100 kph up to 185 kph may be
expected in at least 18 hours.

• Many coconut trees may be broken or destroyed.
• Almost all banana plants may be downed and a large
number of trees may be uprooted.
• Rice and corn crops may suffer heavy losses.
• Majority of all nipa and cogon houses may be unroofed or
destroyed and there may be considerable damage to
structures of light to medium construction.
• There may be widespread disruption of electrical power
and communication services.
• In general, moderate to heavy damage may be
experienced, particularly in the agricultural and
industrial sectors.
• The sea and coastal waters will be very dangerous to all
sea crafts.
• Travel is very risky especially by sea and air.
• People are advised to seek shelter in strong buildings,
evacuate low-lying areas and to stay away from the coasts
and river banks.
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• Disaster preparedness and response

agencies/organizations are in action with appropriate
response to actual emergency.
• A very intense typhoon will affect the locality.

• Very strong winds of more than 185 kph may be expected in
at least 12 hours.
•Coconut plantation may suffer extensive damage.

•Many large trees may be uprooted.
•Most residential and institutional buildings of mixed
construction may be severely damaged.
• Electrical power distribution and communication services
may be severely disrupted.
• In the overall, damage to affected communities can be very
heavy.
• The situation is potentially very destructive to the

community.
• All travels and outdoor activities should be cancelled.
• Evacuation to safer shelters should have been completed
since it may be too late under this situation.
• The disaster coordinating councils concerned and other
disaster response organizations are now fully responding to
emergencies and in full readiness to immediately respond to
possible calamity.
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FLOOD
The definition merely describes a characteristic behavior. It does not include the
element of "flooding" or inundation as implied by the popular notion of flood. The
technical definition is rather inadequate. Thus, considering the intents and purposes
of flood forecasting and warning, the definition seems rather restrictive in its
connotation for the public.
Hence, for operational purposes, the Flood Forecasting Branch, the hydrological
service of PAGASA has adopted a more extensive definition. Flood is "an abnormal
progressive rise in the water level of a stream that may result in the over-flowing by
the water of the normal confines of the stream with the subsequent inundation of
areas which are not normally submerged".
The popular or layman's idea of flood is, in the strictest sense, the process of
inundation or the coverage by water of areas not normally submerged. Inundation is
due to water overflowing from streams and other bodies of water as well as by the
accumulation of rainwater by drainage.
CAUSES AND TYPES
Floods are categorized into natural and artificial floods in terms of their specific
causes.
Flood is basically a natural hydrological phenomenon. Its occurrence is usually the

aftermath of meteorological events. These included:
• an intense and prolonged rainfall spells;

• unusually high coastal and estuarine waters due to storm surges, seiches, etc
Floods are also caused, indirectly, by seismic activities. Coastal areas are
particularly susceptible to flooding due to tsunamis (seismic sea waves). Sinking of land
due to earthquakes reduces the elevation of land areas. In the vicinity of lakes and
rivers, these areas become flood-prone. Likewise, the uplifting of lake and river beds
from seismic causes sometime results in the overflowing of these bodies of water. The
water then inundates the surrounding and adjacent areas.
To a certain extent, astronomically influenced phenomena such as high tides

coinciding with the occurrence of heavy rainfall frequently cause flooding.
Occasionally, floods occur unnaturally. These are usually the result of human
activities. Such activities include:
Blasting - this causes landslides in the slopes of hills and mountains which may
result in the unintentional damming of rivers and streams.
Construction of temporary dams - this produces an impediment to the flow of a river

or stream which then results in an overflow;
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Failure of hydraulic and other control structures - accidents like the breaking of a
dike result in the entry of an enormous quantity of water in a protected area; and
Mismanagement of hydraulic structures - control structures like dams which are

utilized for various purposes are usually operated according to what is known as an
"operation rule" and mismanagement which results in the violation of the rule may
necessitate an untimely and sudden release of large amounts of excess water.
While not quite so obvious, human activities that tend to alter the ecological
system in a river basin will have an impact on the hydrology of the catchment. This
could, in the future, result in frequent floods. Foremost among such activities is the
denudation of forest and watershed areas. Floods vary in degree of severity in terms of
areas extent or magnitude and in depth. They are, thus, classified as minor or major
flooding. In a minor flooding, inundation may or may not be due to overbanking. When
there is no bank overflow, flooding is simply due to the accumulation of excessive
surface run-off in low lying flat areas. Floodwaters are usually confined to the flood plain
of the river along the channel, on random low-lying areas and depressions in the terrain.
Floodwater is usually shallow and there may not be a perceptible flow.
During a major flood, flooding is caused by the over-flowing of rivers and lakes; by
serious breaks in dikes, levees, dams and other protective structures; by uncontrollable
releases of impounded water in reservoirs and by the accumulation of excessive runoff.
Floodwaters cover a wide contiguous area and spread rapidly to adjoining areas of
relatively lower elevation. Flooding is relatively deep in most parts of the stricken areas.
There is a highly perceptible current as the flood spreads to other areas.
While floods take some time, usually from 12 to 24 hours or even longer, to
develop after the occurrence of intense rainfall, there is a particular type which develops
after no more than six hours and, frequently, after an even less time. These are what
are known as "flash floods".
Flash floods develop in hilly and mountainous terrains where the slope of the
river is rather steep. The rapid development of the flood is due to the extremely short
concentration time of the drainage catchment. This means that precipitation falling on
a point in the catchment farthest from the river takes only a short time to reach the
river channel and become part of stream flow. Thus, the amount of stream flow rapidly
increases and, consequently, the rise in water level. When the flow capacity of the stream
is exceeded, the channel overflows and the result is a flash flood.
FLOOD SAFETY RULES
BEFORE THE FLOOD:
• Find out how often your location is likely to be flooded.

• Know the flood warning system in your community and be sure your family
knows it.
• Keep informed of daily weather condition.
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•Designate an evacuation area for the family and livestock.

•Assign family members instructions and responsibilities according to an
evacuation plan.
• Keep a stock of food which requires little cooking and refrigeration; electric power
may be interrupted.
• Keep a transistorized radio and flashlight with spare batteries, emergency
cooking equipment, candies, matches and first aid kit handy in case of
emergency.
• Store supplies and other household effects above expected flood water level.
• Securely anchor weak dwellings and items.
WHEN WARNED OF FLOOD:
• Watch for rapidly rising flood waters.
• Listen to your radio for emergency instructions.
• If you find it necessary to evacuate, move to a safe area before access is cut off
by flood waters.
• Store drinking water in containers, water service may be interrupted.
• Move household belongings to upper levels.
• Get livestock to higher ground.
• Turn off electricity at the main switch in the building before evacuating and also
lock your house.
DURING THE FLOOD:
• Avoid areas subject to sudden flooding.

• Do not attempt to cross rivers of flowing streams where water is above the knee.
• Beware of water-covered roads and bridges.
• Avoid unnecessary exposure to the elements.
• Do not go swimming or boating in swollen rivers.
• Eat only well-cooked food. Protect leftovers against contamination.
• Drink clean or preferably boiled water ONLY.
AFTER THE FLOOD:
• Re-enter the dwellings with caution using flashlights, not lanterns or torchers.
Flammables may be inside.
• Be alert for fire hazards like broken wires.
• Do not eat food and drink water until they have been checked for flood water
contamination.
• Report broken utility lines (electricity, water, gas and telephone) to appropriate
agencies authorities.
• Do not turn on the main switch or use appliances and other equipment until they
have been checked by a competent electrician.
• Consult health authorities for immunization requirements.
• Do not go
Flood are aggravated by factors resulting from the carelessness and indifference of
people usually before floods occur.
THINGS ONE CAN DO TO MITIGATE FLOODS:
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• Regulate cutting of trees.

• Report illegal loggers and kaingeros.
• Report illegal construction of fishponds and other establishments in waterways.
• Do not throw garbage in esteros and rivers.
• Help clean the neighborhood.
• Support community activities intended to lessen the occurrence of floods.
• Avoid throwing anything like plastic wrappers anywhere which may clog or block
the drainage system.
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Water Emergency Life Saving (WELSAVE) Technique
Specialized skills acquired in a systematic course of instruction or training that aims

to increase human life preservation from a body water such as lakes, rivers and open
sea.
RESCUE PHILOSOPHY
RESCUERS SHOULD BE UNDER TAKEN WITH THE FF. CEVEATS:
1. ALL PERSONEL SHOULD ASSURE THEMSELVES THAT THEY ARE PREPARED TO:
• RESCUE THEMSELVES (SELF RESCUE) AS THEIR 1ST PRIORITY
• BACK UP EACH OTHER UPOND RESCUE EACH OTHER AS THEIR SECOND
PRIORITY
• RESCUE THE VICTIMS ONLY AFTER ENSURING THE SAFETY OF THE OTHER
TEAM MEMBERS
2. UTILIZING THE LOWEST RISK METHODS FIRST, WHILE SETTING UP HIGHER

RISK METHODS AS NEXT ALTERNATIVES
3. SUCCESFUL RESCUERS ARE COMBINATION OF;

a. TRAINING b. PRACTICE c. EXPERIENCE d. JUDGEMENT
Site control:
• HOT ZONE- define as the water; entrance for this area is for technician level rescuers
only.
• WARM ZONE- define as within ten feet (3 meters) of the water or inside a rescue
craft; this zone is for operational and technician rescuers only.
• COLD ZONE- define as any area outside the hot and warm zones; this is where
awareness level, family and bystanders must be located.
L-A-S-T:
LOCATE- first, locate the victim.
ACCESS- once the victim/s are located, we have to access them
STABILIZATION- upon reaching the victim, provide initial STABILIZATION and
prepare the victim for extrication
TRANSPORT- The final phase of the SAR is the actual RESCUE TRANSPORT.
LOW TO HIGH RISK RESCUE OPTION:

• REACH- is simply trying to reach the victim from the shore by extending
a pole, ladder, etc.
• THROW AND TOW- means throwing a floatation device to a swimmer.
• ROW- refers to boats…any kind of boat that might be appropriate to
affecting swiftwater rescue.
• GO- to cover in-water contact rescue.
• HELO- finally, helicopter.
SIZE – UP OF FLOOD/ SWIFT WATER RESCUE
• Sizing up the Site- type of incident, location of the victim, access to the
scene, additional resources, etc.
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• Risk/ Benefit Analysis- honest look at the capabilities of the n scene

personnel and equipment.
• Hazard Assessment (Utilities)- electrical power, natural gas, lpg, fuel, oil, etc.
• Hazard Assessment (HAZ MAT)- chemical, etc.
• Hazard Assessment (Flowing Water)
GOLDEN RULE OF WATER RESCUE

Never place yourself close enough to be grabbed by a panicky victim.
Always place distance and device between rescuer and the victim.
THE 15 ABSOLUTE RULES OF FLOOD AND SWIFTWATER RESCUE:
• Always wear a Personal Floatation Device (PFD)

• Always deploy upstream spotters above the location of the rescue operations.
• The priorities at the scene are always self-rescue first, the rescue and
security of fellow teammates second, and the victim last.
• Never put all your eggs in one basket: always have a back-up plan.
• Always have a multiple downstream back-up.
• Always keep it simple and safe.
• Always use the right equipment.
• Never put your feet down if swept away and swimming.
• Never count on the victim to help in his own rescue.
• Never tie a rope around a rescuer.
• When tensioning a line across the river to be used for in water safety or
walking stream crossing, never tension the line at a right angle to the current.
• While tensioning a line across the river, never stand inside the bight, and
always stand on the upstream side of the rope.
• Once the victim is contacted, never loose him.
• Given the choice between a fire helmet and no helmet, always go with no helmet.
• Finally, always proactive.
WELSAVE COMMUNICATION
HAND SIGNAL
• One hand Extended Above Head………..............- Distress/ Need Assistance
• Two Hands Forming an ―O‖ or 1 Hand on Top of Head……………………-OKEY
• Two Hands Extended Above Head, Then Point Left/ Right…….-Move, Swim or
Move Boat Left/ Right One Hand
• Two hands extended above head, wave arms then point left/right…-EDDY OUT
THAT DIRECTIONS
• Both arms crossed in front of chest …………………………………- need medical
kit/help
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WELSAVE COMMUNICATION
•Whistle blast
1 Blast ………………..…… - stop/attention
2 Blast ……………….....- attention upstream
3 Blast …………………….- attention downstream
3 Blast long and repeated- Emergency/rescue
Environmental Awareness
ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND POLICIES
P.D. 984 – Pollution Control Law

P.D. 1151 – Philippine Environmental Policy - defines the general policies on the
pursuit of a better quality of life for the present and future generations and
mandates the undertaking the environmental impact assessments for all
projects, which may significantly affect the environment.
P.D. 1152 – Philippine Environmental Policy, defines the policy objectives and
the strategies for the various aspects of environmental management, such
as air and water quality management, natural source development, land
management, and waste management. It launches a comprehensive
national program of environmental protection and management, with
reference to policies and standards of noise, air quality, water quality,
classification of water and waste management.
P.D. 1586 – defines the framework for the implementation of the
environmental impact assessment as the mechanism to reconcile the
impacts of development projects on society and the physical
environment.
P.D. 389 (P.D. 705) – The Forestry Reform Code, codifies, updates and raises
forestry laws in the country. It emphasizes the sustainable utilization of
forest resources.
P.D. 330 & P.D. 953 – laws on penalizing illegal cutting of trees
P.D. 953 & 1153 – laws on tree planting
P.D. 331- laws requiring all public forests be developed on a sustained yield basis.
P.D. 704 – preservation of optimum productivity of fishery resources through
conservation and protection.
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P.D. 1015 – banning the operation of commercial fishing within a distance of

7 kilometers from the shoreline.
P.D. 1058 – increasing the penalties for illegal forms of fishing.
P.D. 1219 – providing for the protection of coral ecosystems.
P.D. 1067 – Water Code of the Philippines, adopts adequate measures to

conserve and regulate the use of water in commercial, industrial and
residential areas. It also provides other policy guidelines in water quality
and management of water resources.
P.D. 463 – amended the Mining Act of 1936, requires all mining leaseholders to
comply with Pollution Control Laws and regulations and provide for
penalties for noncompliance.P.D. 1198 – reinforces this provision for
restoration of mined-out areas to this original condition to the extent
possible.
P.D. 1251 – imposes fines on tailings and mine wastes and the fund generated
is used to pay for the damages to land, agricultural crops, forests
products, aquatic resources and infrastructures caused by pollution for
mining operations.
P.D. 984 – The Pollution Control Law
P.D. 1181 (supplements the provision of P.D. 984) – providing for the abatement,
control and prevention of vehicular pollution & establishing the maximum
allowance emissions of specific air pollutants from all types of vehicle.
P.D. 600 (amended by P.D. 979) – Water Pollution Control prohibits the
discharge of oil, noxious liquid substances, and other harmful
substances into the country’s inland and territorial waters
P.D. 825 – prohibits the improper disposal of garbage
P.D. 856 – Sanitation Code, places the responsibility in the local
government units for he solid waste management in his area of
production.
P.D. 1144 – Control of Pesticides
R.A. 8749 – Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999, provides for a comprehensive
air pollution control policy
R.A – 3720 – Food Additives
R.A. 6425 – Drugs
R.A 280 – Cosmetics

R.A. 7160 – Local Government Code of 1991, -provides that local government
should share with the national government the responsibility in the
management and maintenance of ecological balance within their territorial
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jurisdiction subject to national policies and other pertinent provisions of

the code.
R.A. 6969 – Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act,
- authorizes the DENR to establish a program to regulate, restrict or
prohibit the importation, manufacture, processing, sale, destruction, use
and disposal of chemical substances, and mixture that present
unreasonable risk and/or injury to health or the environment.
R.A. 8550 – The Fisheries Code of the Philippines - defines the policies of
the state in the protection, conservation and effective management of
fisheries stock as well as identifying allowable fishing methods in
Philippine coastal waters.
R.A. 9003 – The Solid Waste Management Act of 2001 - an act providing for
an ecological solid waste management program, creating the necessary
institutional mechanisms and incentives, declaring certain acts
prohibited and providing penalties, appropriating funds therefor, and
for other purposes.
R.A. 9275- also known as the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 – an
act providing a comprehensive water quality management and for
other purposes.
R.A. 9729 – also known as the Climate Change Act of 2009. - an act
mainstreaming climate change into government policy formulations,
establishing the framework strategy and program on climate change,
creating for this purpose the climate change commission, and for other
purposes.
SAVE THE MOTHER EARTH

Our earth is the only beautiful planet in our solar system. This is the only
planet which have life. Since 200 a.d. everything was good, but since the
development of human culture, cities and modern life style everything have been
changed. Now man and other animals started behaving differently. Man started
using and misusing natural resources up to the limit. Now we don't have crude
oils, coals, less forests, wild animals. Our environment is totally polluted, hence we
are suffering from diseases, we are drinking polluted water, inhaling dusty air and
so on...
As a result of all human activity there is ozone hole, sea is rising, ice
caps on Antarctica are melting. Now the global warming is so fast that there is
a climate change. The mother earth is now in danger, the life on it is in danger.
Let us come together to save our life-giving and life-saving mother earth.
SAVE THE FOREST

The evolution of all of us was possible because of the plant or forests.
Forest give us oxygen, food, shelter, medicines, furniture. Forest protect us from
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heat of the sun, cold waves and heavy rains. Forest keeps the balance of nature,
environment, climate, weather and atmosphere. As a matter of fact, forest is our
life, but what are we doing? We are destroying the forest means we are destroying
our life and future. Today whatever problems we see they all are by deforestation.
If we are intellectual being, we must save the plants and forests, they will save us.
SAVE THE WILD LIFE
our Earth is primarily belongs to all other living things because human species
came on earth very late, just 5 million years. But we overpowered them and killed
for our use. Now thousands of species are extinct as their habitat is gone. As a
matter of fact, these animals, birds and insects have built the environment better
for them and for us. They are the real creators(creatures) of the nature. If they are
here on earth we are here on earth. if they are gone we will also be gone. So always
keep in mind that it is wise to save the wildlife and their habitat.
SAVE THE ENVIRONMENT

Due to deforestation, urbanization, industrialization and pollution, our
environment is being destroyed. Global warming, global cooling and climate change
are the major threats to not only earth but the whole human being. Due to carbon
di oxide and other greenhouse gases, the greenhouse effect is seen, the cities are
becoming 'heat islands’, pollution is becoming a great killer. The air, water, dust
food, noise pollution is on high. Human interference brought the nature near to
destruction. Now we all must come together to save the environment and human
kind.
GLOBAL DESTRUCTION
Due to all above problems of pollutions the ozone layer is depleting causing melting
ice sheets on two poles and increasing sea level high. Temperature of earth is going
high causing global warming. Climate is changing. Heavy rains or no rains, floods,
heat waves, cold waves, cyclones, lightnings, and diseases are on high alert. these
all are the warnings of the global destruction. Now we must be aware of all these
consequences and try our best to stop all this.
WHAT SHOULD WE DO? TO SAVE MOTHER EARTH
1) change your unnatural life style. use bicycle as far as possible, don't
use excess water, electricity, don't use plastics etc...
2) plant more and more trees, don't allow anyone to cut trees,
3) save wild animals,
4) speak, write against polluting industries,
5) ask govt. to use non-conventional energy resources (air, water, sun light and bio
mass)
6) aware students and citizens about importance of saving environment. Many
things that we can do to protect environment, forest and wild life.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Boeree, George C. Personality Theories: 1988.
Warren, Rick. The Purpose Driven Life : OMF Literature Inc, 2002.
Effective Discipline through Filipino Values. Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store, Inc., 1996.
Panopio, Isabel S.: Sociology: Focus on the Philippines. Quezon City, Philippines:
KEN Incorporated, 1994.
Covey, S.: Seven Habits of Highly Effective People.
Maxwell, John C.: 21 Indispensable Qualities of a Leader.
Espiritu, Socorro C. et.al.: Sociology in the Philippine Setting Fifth Edition. Quezon City:
SIBS Publishing House, Inc. 1998.
Gonzales, Vivian A.: Values Integration and Promotion: A Civic Welfare Service. Los
Baños, Laguna: Society Towards Reinforcing Inherent Viability for Enrichment
(SIKAP/STRIVE), Inc. 1997
Lacson, Alexander,: 12 Little things our youth can do to help our country. Quezon City,
Philippines: Alay Pinoy Publishing House, 2011.
Maria, Andrew.: ―The House of Life‖: Modules on Good Citizenship Values. Manila, Philippines:
The Institution Building Team, 2004.
San Luis, Bel.: ―Father’s Mistake- No Time‖: Modules on Good Citizenship Values. Manila,
_____________: ―The TRUTH About Lies‖: Modules on Good Citizenship Values. Manila,
Institute for Development Education Center for Research and Communication: ―To Every Man
His Due‖: Modules on Good Citizenship Values. Manila, Philippines: The Institution Building
Team, 2004.
Social Psychology Handout Miriam College Foundation Inc.

BS Social Work Community Organization Handouts Miriam College Foundation Inc.
SW Board Exam Review Class Handouts. Philippine School of Social Work Philippine Women’s
University
Websites:
http://bio427.blogspot.com/2010/10/environmental-laws-of-philippines.html
http://www.2020site.org/knots/
http://www.aidsmap.com/
http://www.dictionary.com
http://www.ship.edu/maslow/html
http://vels.vcaa.vic.edu.au/support/teaching
http://sureshchopane.hubpages.com/hub/SAVE-THE-MOTHER-EARTH
http://jmsapaula.blogspot.com/2008/05/republic-act-8491.html
http://kimberlyyusay.blogspot.com/
132 | P a g e
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Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela National Service Training Program

National Service Reserve Corps and

Course Title National Service Training Program

Week H Course Contents Intended Learning Teaching and Assessment Task

Week 6 Orientation to RA Enlightened Lectures Quizzes

Socially involved and

Week 6 PHILIPPINE • Well-oriented Lectures,

Week MIDTERM WEEK

Week 3 BASIC SAFETY Well-oriented and

Week 6 BASIC FIRST AID, Prepared and well

Week 3 Basic Life Support Prepared and Well-

Week 6 Disaster • Prepared Lecture Practical

Week (Final Practical

Week 3 (Final Written

Week 3 Completion Week

Course • Boeree, George C. Personality Theories: 1988.

Course • NSTP subject and grading system should be

A shift in policy is needed to reduce and manage disaster

Underpinning the DRRM Framework in our National Disaster Risk Reduction

PLV Vision Statement

PLV Mission Statement

PLV-NSTP Vision Statement-

PLV-NSTP Mission Statement-

12 Little Things Our Youth to Help Our Country Based

1st Little Thing BE ON TIME.

Punctuality requires little discipline.

2nd Little Things FALL IN LINE.

―Sa ikauunlad ng ating bayan, disiplina ang kailangan.

―Respect creates order and harmony in society‖

Unahan sa pila. Singitan sa kalsada. Sigawan at patayan dahil sa trapik. Walang

There are 2 aspects of this:

First, on discipline person.

Falling in line reflects on our character as a people. It reflects on our discipline as

Second aspect, Not falling in line

Too often we forget, that we all belong to one another.

3rd Little Thing

It would be wonderful to remember, Jose Rizal, Andres Bonifacio, Ninoy Aquino

When we do it, we become part of the hope of the Filipino.

stand and sing our national anthem properly?

4th little thing

Eight (8) Principle of Success

3.How can you help the country by striving for excellence?

5th Little Things

―We are only free to do good things.

―I have asked myself many times:

―The true Filipino is person of honor.

6th Little thing

―Yes we are alive today.

―Every person has the power to make a difference.

Japan? What did you feel about it?

―The most difficult to discipline is oneself.

You – our – youth are the hope of our nation.

2. Do you drink? If yes, do you set your boundaries?

of people you know who smoke and drink?

―I am Filipino – inheritor of a glorious past…

―Have faith in the Filipino

―We can create prosperity for the Filipino

1. What Filipino brand do you consistently patronize?

―He who learns early, succeeds in life early.

―I have an abiding faith in our people.

To become a powerful & enlightened nation

To become successful in life, it is no longer enough to get good grades in school.

1.What is the biggest amount you have saved so far?