Bicol University

College of Engineering
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Legazpi City, Albay
A.Y. 2019-2020

LABORATORY PLAN
Experiment 2 in Chemistry for Engineers
(REACTIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS)

Abellano, Aubrey
Brual, Arlie
Clariño, Rona Molica
Gonzales, Ernesto V
Moral, Jash Lee
Pelon, Elaine
Velarde, Nathalie
B.S. ChE-1C
Group 1

Engr. Jeremiah Burac

Instructor
I. OBJECTIVES:
1. To observe chemical reactions going to completion through precipitation;
2. To notice solubility characteristics of various solids with various solvents;
3. To familiarize the student with laboratory reagents.

II. MATERIALS AND REAGENTS

pipets/dropper, volumetric flasks, Erlenmeyer flasks, beakers, graduated cylinders, analytical
balance, test tubes, various chemical reagents.
Item APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT
no. Quantity Specifications Description
1 5 2 mL Pipette, measuring, glass
2 5 25 mL Volumetric flask, glass
3 mL Beaker, glass
4 10 150×18 mm Test Tube
5 1 Big Test Tube Rack
6 1 250 mL Wash bottle, plastic
7 4 Medium Aspirator
8 1 90 mm Funnel, glass
9 1 Analytical Balance
Table 1. Materials or Lab equipment needed
Item REAGENT
no. Quantity Description
1 0.6525 g Ba(NO3)2
2 0.52 g BaCl2
3 0.97 g K2CrO4
4 0.435 g K2SO4
5 0.425 g NaNO3
6 CaCO3
7 HCl
8 Na2SO4
9 Distilled water
Table 2. Reagents
III. PROCEDURES:
A. PREPARATION BEFORE ACTUAL PROCEDURE
1. Before the experiment starts, the students are oriented that Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE) including laboratory gowns, gloves, masks, safety goggles (optional for this
experiment), and closed-toe shoes should be worn.
2. Every group prepares their laboratory plan on how to do the experiment properly. It also
includes tables that will be used for data gathering during the experiment.
3. A laboratory borrower’s slip is also filled out days before the experiment and is submitted to
the laboratory technician for the preparation of reagents and apparatuses.
4. The professor and the laboratory technician give tips and explained how to use the pieces of
glassware and equipment.
5. SDS on the reagents are explained to the class by the class representative before the
experiment starts.

B. PRECIPITATION REACTIONS
1. Prepare the following reagents: barium nitrate (Ba(NO3)2), barium chloride (BaCl2),
potassium chromate (K2CrO4), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), sodium nitrate (NaNO3). From
the calculations below, weigh the necessary amount of each chemical using an analytical
balance.

To determine the mass of each compound with molarity (M) as given, use the formula:
𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝒈
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆 (𝒈) = 𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 (𝑳) × 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒚 ( 𝑳 ) × 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔(𝒎𝒐𝒍)
The formula is derived from the following formulas:
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑀 𝑜𝑟 )=
𝐿 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 = 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝐿) × 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑀 𝑜𝑟 )
𝐿
𝑔
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 (𝑔) = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 (𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒) × 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠(𝑚𝑜𝑙)

For 0.1M Ba(NO3)2

𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑔
𝑚 = (0.025 𝐿) (0.1 ) (261 )
𝐿 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚 = 0.6525 𝑔
0.6525 g of Ba(NO3)2 is needed
For 0.1M BaCl2
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑔
𝑚 = (0.025 𝐿) (0.1 ) (208 )
𝐿 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚 = 0.52 𝑔
0.52 g of BaCl2 is needed
For 0.2M K2CrO4
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑔
𝑚 = (0.025𝐿) (0.2 ) (194 )
𝐿 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚 = 0.97 𝑔
0.97 g of K2CrO4 is needed
For 0.1M K2SO4
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑔
𝑚 = (0.025 𝐿) (0.1 ) (174 )
𝐿 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚 = 0.435 𝑔
0.435 g of K2SO4 is needed
For 0.2M NaNO3
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑔
𝑚 = (0.025 𝐿) (0.2 ) (85 )
𝐿 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚 = 0.425 𝑔
0.425 g of NaNO3 is needed

Set #A (Group 1 and 4)

0.1M Ba(NO3)2, 0.1M BaCl2, 0.2M K2CrO4, 0.1M K2SO4, 0.2M NaNO3

Note: Each set is assigned for two groups but each group shall independently PERFORM the
experiment.

2. Dilute each weighed solute to 25 mL water in a 25-mL volumetric flask to produce the
necessary concentrations of solutions.
3. Observe the colors of the reagent solutions and indicate them in the table below:

Solution Color
Ba(NO3)2
BaCl2
K2CrO4
K2SO4
NaNO3

4. To avoid contamination, each chemical must have its own 2-mL measuring pipet and
dropper. Prepare the test tubes and test tube rack.
5. Using a 2-mL measuring pipet, react 1 mL of each chemical to 1 mL of other chemicals
(added dropwise) with different combinations in a test tube.

For example:

Transfer 1 mL of Ba(NO3)2 to the test tubes.

On test tube 1, add 1mL of BaCl2 added dropwise.
On test tube 2, add 1 mL of K2CrO4 added dropwise.
On test tube 3, add 1 mL of K2SO4 added dropwise.
On test tube 4, add 1 mL of NaNO3 added dropwise.

Refer to the table below:

 Ba(NO3)2 BaCl2 K2CrO4 K2SO4 NaNO3
Ba(NO3)2
BaCl2
K2CrO4
K2SO4
NaNO3

6. Continue testing pairs of solutions until all possible combinations of a set have been tested.
Describe the color and appearance of all precipitates and fill the tables below with the
changes observed.

Reaction of Is there a Color of precipitate

Ba(NO3)2 with Formation of precipitate? Δ Volume? (if present)

K2CrO4
K2SO4
NaNO3

Reaction of Is there a Color of precipitate

BaCl2 with Formation of precipitate? Δ Volume? (if present)
K2CrO4
K2SO4
NaNO3

Reaction of Is there a Color of precipitate

K2CrO4 with Formation of precipitate? Δ Volume? (if present)
K2SO4
NaNO3

Reaction of Is there a Color of precipitate

K2SO4 with Formation of precipitate? Δ Volume? (if present)
NaNO3

C. GAS FORMING REACTIONS

1. Prepare a sample of chalk (calcium carbonate, CaCO3) the size of a pencil eraser.
2. Then, add 1 mL of deionized water followed by 25 mL of 2M HCI.
3. Prepare the 2M HCl.
4. Dilute 4.09 mL HCl in a volumetric flask, add water until it reaches 25 mL
5. Transfer to beaker.
6. Repeat the same process using sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) in place of chalk.
IV. PRESENTATION OF DATA AND ANALYSIS
A. PRECIPITATION REACTIONS
1. WRITE the formula for the possible products in the upper right portion of each of the
boxes. If no reaction occurred explain why.
NOTE the reagents and soluble product.
2. WRITE equations to indicate what you consider to have happened in each case in which
there was precipitate formed. USE ions to represent the species in the reacting solutions,
but for those products that were precipitates write a formula for the compound. PLACE
(aq) after those species in solution and (s) after the precipitates. Be sure to write the
equations so that both atoms and charge are conserved. For example:
𝐴𝑔+ (𝑎𝑞) + 𝑁𝑂3 − (𝑎𝑞) + 𝑁𝑎+ (𝑎𝑞) + 𝐶𝑙 − (𝑎𝑞) → 𝐴𝑔𝐶𝑙𝑠 + 𝑁𝑎 + (𝑎𝑞) + 𝑁𝑂3 − (𝑎𝑞)
3. REWRITE the equations, leaving out the ions not involved in the reaction (spectators).
(Write the net ionic equation. What precipitates were formed? What was their color?
4. DESCRIBE the liquid portion of the new solution. PRESENT your findings in a table.
5. MAKE a solubility table that includes all the reactants based from the experiment.
The following serves as a rough example for the table format:

Anion Insoluble cations Soluble cations

 Does your solubility table agree with what we can find in the books?

B. GAS FORMING REACTIONS

1. Describe what happened when you mixed HCl with:
Chalk
Na2SO4
2. What are the products of the reaction?
3. Write the balanced molecular equation, an ionic equation with spectator ions crossed out,
and the balanced net ionic equation for both reactions.

C. POST LAB QUESTIONS

1. From your experiment, CALCULATE the amount of each precipitate formed.
2. DESCRIBE how you could experimentally differentiate between the following pairs of
solutions using a common aqueous test solution:
NaNO3 and NaHCO3
Pb(NO3)2 or KNO3
HCl or H2SO4
3. WRITE a balanced net ionic equation for each of the following aqueous metathesis
reactions. (Be sure to include all states, aq, s, l or g) CLASSIFY each reaction as
neutralization, precipitation, or gas-forming reaction.
Hydrobromic acid and cesium hydroxide
Sulfuric acid and sodium carbonate
Cadmium chloride and sodium sulphide