●The Year 1872 there are 2 historical events ●At the beginning of the year 1872, the ●According
●According to the account of two on January
(1) the Cavite Mutiny (2)the martyrdom of
the three priests:(1) Mariano Gomez,(2)
Jose Burgos (3) Jacinto Zamora or the
GOMBURZA.
●Cavite Mutiny a major factor in the awakening
of nationalism among the Filipinos.
2 VERSION OF CAVITE MUTINY
1 SPANISH VERSION - Jose Montero Y
Vidal
2 FILIPINO VERSION- Dr. Trinidad
Hermenegildo Pardo de Tavera.
SPANISH VERSION OF CAVITE MUTINY
Primary Source: Excerpts from Montero's
Account of the Cavite Mutiny
●JOSE MONTERO Y VIDAL - Spanish
historian who centered his documentation on
how the event was an attempt in overthrowing
the Spanish Government in the Philippines
●According to his account, the abolition of
privileges enjoyed by the laborers of the
Cavite arsenal of exemption from the tribute
was, according to some of the insurrection.
●Spanish Revolution which overthrew the
secular throne, dirty propagandas proliferated
by unrestrained press, democratic, liberal and
republican hooks and pamphlets reaching the
Philippines and most importantly, the presence
of the native clergy out of animosity against
the Spanish friars conspired and supported
the rebels and enemies of Spain.
authorities received anonymous
communications with the information that a
great uprising would break out against the
Spaniards but nobody gave importance to
these notion.
Primary Source: Excerpt from the official
Report of Governor lzquierdo on the Cavite
Mutiny of 1872.
●RAFAEL LZQUIERDO - Governor General
who implicated the native clergy and was active
in the movement toward the secularization of
parishes
●According to his account: the "revolution"
started because of the abolition of privilege
enjoyed by the workers of the Cavite arsenal
such as exemption from payment of tribute
and being employed in polo y servicios or
forced labor.
● Other Causes- Presence of the native clergy
(Katutubong Pastor) and to overthrow the
Spanish government by installing new "hari " in
the person of Father Burgos and Zamora. In
the Spaniard's account, the events of 1872
was premeditated, and was part of a big
conspiracy among the educated leaders,
mestizos, lawyers and residents of Manila and
Cavite. They allegedly plan to liquidate high
ranking Spanish officers, then kill the friars.
The signal that they identified among these
conspirators of Manila and Cavite was the
rockets fired from Intramurals.
20, 1872 the district of Sampaloc celebrated
the feast of the Virgin of Loreto, with the
naval fireworks displays. Those in Cavite
mistook the fireworks as the sign for the
attack, the 200 men headed by sergeant
Lamadrid launched an attack targeting Spanish
officer and killed 11 of them. When the news
reached Governor lzquierdo he readily order
the reinforcement of the Spanish forces in
Cavite to quell the result. Sergeant Lamadrid
were killed, while the Gomborza were trial by
a court martial and sentenced to be executed.
●February 1872 Gomburza were executed to
serve as a threat to Filipinos never attempt to
fight the Spaniards again.
DIFFERENT ACCOUNT OF THE EVENTS
OF 1872
●Two other primary accounts exist that seem
to counter the accounts of Izquierdo and
Montero.
Primary Source: Excepts from Pardo de
Tavera’s Account of Cavite Mutiny
●Dr. Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo de Tavera
– a Filipino scholar and researcher, who wrote
a Filipino version of the bloody incident in
Cavite.
● According to his account, the incident of the
bloody incident was merely a mutiny by Filipino
soldier s and laborer of the Cavite arsenal to
the dissatisfaction arising from the policies of
Izquierdo , such as abolition of privileges and
the prohibition of the founding of the school
of arts and trades for Filipinos, which the
General saw as a smokescreen to creating a
political club.
●Tavera’s opinion is that the Spanish friars
and Izquierdo used the Cavite Mutiny as way
to deprive the friars of all the powers of
intervention in matters of civil government and
direction and management of Educational
Institution ( Philippine Institution ) and the
mutiny provided such opportunity.
Primary Source: Excerpts from Plauchut’s
Account of the Cavite Mutiny
●EDMUND PLAUCHUT – French Writer who
complemented Tavera’s account and analyzed
the motivation of the 1872 Cavite Mutiny.
●According in this account, General La Torre
created a junta composed of high officials
including some friars and six Spanish officials.
●The arrival in Manila of General lzquierdo put
a sudden end to all dreams and reforms. The
new Governor General were expected as a
result of the bitter disputes between Filipino
clerics and the friars. In regard to school, it
was previously decreed in Manila a Society of
Arts and Trades to be opened in March of 1871
to repress the growth of liberal teaching and
General lzquierdo suspended the opening of
the school.
●The Filipinos had a duty to render services on
public construction and pay taxes every year
but the employed at the maestranza of the Kolehiyo ng Lungsod ng Lipa
Lipa City
artillery, in the engineering shops and arsenal
of Cavite are exempted from this obligation.
Governor withdrew from such old employees
their retirement privileges and declassified
into the ranks who work into the public roads.
The friars used the incident as a part of a
larger conspiracy which started to show cracks
because of the discontent of the Filipinos.
They showcased the mutiny as a part of great
CASE STUDY 2:
conspiracy in the Philippines by Filipinos to
overthrow the Spanish Government
.Unintentionally, the Cavite Mutiny of 1872
resulted in the martyrdom of GOMBURZA and
paved the way to the revolution culminating in
WHAT HAPPENED
1898.
IN THE CAVITE
GOMBURZA were tagged as the mastermind
MUTINY?
of the Cavite Mutiny. They prominent Filipino
priests charged with treason and sedition. It
is believed that the Spanish clergy connected
the priest to the mutiny as a part of a
conspiracy to stifle the movement of secular
priests who desired to have their own parishes
instead of being merely assistants to the
regular friars. The GOMBURZA were
executed by garrote in public, as scene
purportedly witnessed by a young Jose Rizal.
Their Martyrdom is widely accepted as
the dawn of Philippine nationalism in the 19th
century, with Rizal Dedicating his second novel,
El Filibusterismo to their memory.