FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

03 Anthropometry

BTM 4783
Safety & Ergonomics Laboratory

Lab Objectives

By the end of this lab, students should be able to:

 Conduct a measurement of a Anthropometric Data
 Identify the relationship between Anthropometric and
Ergonomic.

Date: ____________________
20
Student Secti
Group Members ID on
Due Date:
Delivery Date:
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Introduction

The term anthropometry is derived from two Greek words, anthropos, meaning man, and
metros, meaning measurement. In other words, anthropometry is concerned with the
measurements of human dimensions. Hundreds of these dimensions are possible; everything
from common measurement of stature, or height, to the size of u human fingernail, but of these, a
hundred or more have been defined as being useful for various purposes. In using anthropometric
measurements there are several things to bear in mind. One of these is the source of the
measurements. All anthropometric tables present values that are statistical in nature. In other
words they are derived as averages of multiple samples, sometimes from hundreds, sometimes
from thousands of subjects. The larger the sample, the more representative it is or in statistical
terms the greater is the accuracy of confidence in the measured value. The subjects in these
simples are measured under standard conditions.

The human dimensions measurements are classified in two types:

1. The structural (static) dimensions which, deals with the dimensions of the body segments
in the rest conditions (e.g. head circumference, knee height, shoulders width, etc.)
2. The functional (dynamic) dimensions, which deals with human dimensions when the
body is activated, such as the practical limit of leg reach
 Methodology
Different anthropometric measures of the students were taken by adopting proper
definitions and standard measuring techniques (Chakrabarti, 1997). An anthropometer was
used for measuring the body dimensions. Accuracy and repeatability of measurement was
achieved by practice prior to the data collection sessions. All subjects were wearing light
clothes and were bare footed during measurements. During measuring body dimensions under
sitting condition, the subjects were asked to sit in such a way that the upper leg and lower leg
remained at right angle to each other. The following anthropometric dimensions were taken for
this study based on the literature survey and shown in fig. 1 and the values of dimensions
measured is shown in Table 1.
 Discussion and Result
1. Result &
2. Data
Milter Lai Jie Nur Nursakina
Ginik Xin Atiqah h
(cm) (cm) (cm) (cm)
I. Ankle to knee distance 35 44 37 36
II. Elbow to wrist length 25 29 25 26
III. Wrist to end of fingertip length 17 20 19.5 16
IV. Shoulder to top of head length 34.3 34 28 25.5
V. Sitting eye level 130 137 120 118
VI. Horizontal range of motion for the R : 46 R : 41 R : 85 R : 25
wrist L : 71 L : 45 L : 50 L : 25
VII. Breadth of index finger 8 9 7.7 7.2
VIII. Grip strength with dominant hand 43 42 26 20
IX. Persons overall height 162 182 154 154
X. Persons total body weight 64 102 58 46.4
 3. State the tools, equipment and procedure used to collect each measurement.
Equipment Procedure
Ankle to knee distance Small While sitting in a chair, the person being
Anthropometer measured bends the right knee at a 90º
angle.

Elbow to wrist length
Wrist to end of fingertip
length
Shoulder to top of head
length
Sitting eye level
Horizontal range of motion
for the wrist
Breadth of index finger
Grip strength with dominant
hand
Persons overall height
Persons total body weight
Small Bend your elbow at a 90-degree angle and
Anthropometer extend your fingers
Small
Anthropometer
Small
Anthropometer
Measure tape Vertical distance from a horizontal sitting
surface to the outer corner of the eye.
universal Participants did not have previous wrist
goniometer illnesses and their measured values for
wrist motion were compared in each
direction.
Small
Anthropometer
dynamometer Squeezes the dynamometer with maximum
isometric effort, which is maintained for
about 5 seconds.
stadiometer Stand up straight in your bare feet, with
your feet together and your heels, buttocks,
shoulder blades, and the back of your head
touching the wall.
weighing scale Total mass (weight of the body) which was
measured with the help of weighing scale.
4. Briefly state how each of these anthropometrics can be useful in engineering design.
5. Take 4 any anthropometric measurements that would be important in automobile design.
Explain how or where they would be useful in automobile design.
Conventional Static Measurements:
The measurements taken on human body with the subjects in rigid, standardized position.
They are typically length, width, height and circumferences. These measurement includes
standing height, seated height, seated eye height, upper leg length, knee height, seat
length, upper and lower arm length, reach (total arm length), shoulder width, hip or seat
width, weighted.
Functional Task Oriented Measurements:
The measurements are taken with the human body dimensional co-ordinates x, y, z with
respect to body land marks as reference points. at work or motion in the workspace.
Typically they are represented in three dimensional co-ordinates x, y, z with respect to
body land marks as reference points.
Seat Track Travel Limit:
Seat track travel limit is decided in such a way so that individuals with smaller body
dimensions as well as larger body dimensions can seat comfortably on the seat and can
access all the controls including accelerator, break and clutch. Seat track travel limits in
forward-backward and upward-down ward direction are decided as per operational
requirement.

Spatial Arrangement:
After defining the position of the driver on the seat, all other interior and structural
components inside the vehicle are arranged accordingly with the intension to provide
sufficient clearance dimensions around him/her.This process relies on human factor
database. Larger anthropometric data (95th percentile value) are generally considered for
this purpose.
6. By using the proportional relationship (Fig 2 & 3) between body segment length and
Height (h), calculate:

a) The estimated height for measurements i – vii

b) Determine the difference in the estimated length of segments i – vii and the actual
measurements obtained for each of the items. Use a table to shows the estimated
compared to the actual measurements.
Conclusion
Anthropometric factors influencing strength are viewed in terms of overall body size,
body proportions, and physique and body composition recognizing the important role of
motivation, peer status and other non-physical variables. It should be noted that strength and
performance are related and that anthropometric factors influencing strength and performance
during development are themselves interrelated. For example, the early maturing adolescent
male is usually taller, heavier, and more mesomorphic than his late maturing age peers.

Recommendation
 The study can be taken up by choosing subject of different sex, age and physical
activities.
Reference
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropometry
2. https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-anthropometric-measurement-tools-purpose-
methods.html
3. https://biologydictionary.net/anthropometry/
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