Research and Development

Research and Development is one of the indicators of a Global City. It refers to a wide range
of business, governmental, and academic activities that are designed to gather new knowledge
which leads to the creation of new products or processes. In other words, Research and
Development conducts for the innovation, introduction and improvement of technology and
products or in short, it is an ongoing process of investigation that looks forward to creating new
things. Today, many Research and Development personnel creates new ideas where different
people would benefit. The purpose of this is to expand the frontiers of human understanding and
to improve our society.

Thus, as one of the indicators of a Global City, Research and Development have a big role
to make different countries better by its diverse contributions in many industries. Among of this is
in business. Research and Development plays a crucial part of every business. It is a continuous
method of improvement that can be applied to current existing products, services, or processes. It
can also be focused on developing new ones. For many companies, research and development is
what keeps the business up to date and a step-in front of their competitors.

As stated above, the term "research and development" is also widely linked to the concept
of corporate or governmental innovation and research means innovation of ideas were people
should use for their everyday life and to make their life easier. At the same time, this indicator
especially affects investors in technology or pharmaceutical companies. Since revenue is generated
by selling products that depend on being more useful and more advanced than similar products
sold by competitors, development of revolutionary technology can drastically increase the value
of investments in that particular company. Therefore, investors need to pay attention to research
and development news and updates, because the discovery and development of better technology
begins with having a successful Research and Development department.

Moreover, Research and Development constitutes the first stage of development of a

potential new service or the production process. Research and Development activities differ from
institution to institution, with two primary models of a Research and development department
either staffed by engineers and tasked with directly developing new products, or staffed
with industrial scientists and tasked with applied research in scientific or technological fields, which
may facilitate future product development. R&D differs from the vast majority of corporate
activities in that it is not intended to yield immediate profit, and generally carries greater risk and
an uncertain return on investment.

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Research and Development as Criteria of Global Cities

Paris is considered as one of the Global Cities since 2011, because of their academic
resources, research background, and research achievement. Paris is the Center of innovation in
France. It is lined having world class, research universities, agglomerations of high-tech
employment, patent-intensity, industry collaboration on scientific research and venture capital
attraction. And they are Rank second to last among peers. Significant recent growth in the
patenting output of local firms and research institutions bodies well for the Paris Region’s
innovation Potential. Research and Development in Paris is mainly based in Amarile R&D which is
in central Paris.

Paris also has a lot of innovation technology and these are the following:

This Technology called the Linky Radio

Transmitter (LRT) is THE open, secure
communication bridge that allows all the
appliances used by residential and business
customers to access LINKY meter data. Connected
to the meter by the customer, this radio module
enables real-time transmission of data to smart
and compatible appliances around the home. The
Linky Radio Transmitter enables: Optimizations
of customer assistance involving services such as
tariff management and power
consumption/generation monitoring,
management of certain appliances to control the use or improve their convenience in the home
and transmission of metering data from Linky to a dedicated display unit for struggling households
– now required by French regulation. Two international communication protocols for home
automation have been adopted as part of LRT design and development. Its specifications –available
free online – have been developed jointly by EDF teams (Sales and Marketing and R&D) in
conjunction with 14 leading industrial partners. The use of standardized components allows
manufacturers to develop directly compatible products (an official labeling scheme is now under
consideration) and makes it easier to produce and distribute the transmitter.

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This technology is called dualo du-touch L. The new
dualo du-touch L is the most intuitive, complete and
mobile instrument of its generation. Powered by a 8-
hour battery, its 5-octave dualo keyboard and its internal
sounds (up to 116) offer you endless playability and
unmatched comfort. Customize your instrument thanks
to its 2-Gb memory sampler for storing your own sounds
to defy your creativity. Intuitive and self-
contained instrument, the dualo du-touch L
was designed by musicians for musicians, be they
beginners, amateur musicians or professionals in order to
play, make live performances, compose at home or on the road, and understand music better. The
new dualo du-touch L is the upgraded version of the original du-touch. From electronics to
components and storage capacity, everything has been reworked for one purpose: play and
compose with even more fluidity.

Aside from that, Paris also has a lot of inventors that they
can really introduce to other countries and for their economy
better. And these are the following:

This is called plume labs, it is a gadget that connects to your

phone and measures pollution in the air. Helps you understand
what you breathe and take meaningful action against air
pollution.

This is called Humanoid Robots, is a robot with its body shape

built to resemble the human body. The design may be for
functional purposes, such as interacting with human tools and
environments, for experimental purposes, such as the study
of bipedal locomotion, or for other purposes. In general,
humanoid robots have a torso, a head, two arms, and two legs;
though some forms of humanoid robots may model only part
of the body, for example, from the waist up. Some humanoid
robots also have heads designed to replicate human facial

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features such as eyes and mouths. Androids are humanoid robots built to aesthetically resemble
humans.

This is called Cameras for firefighter it is a prototype of a

camera for firefighters seeks to improve picture quality and
transmission. Firefighter helmet camera have become
more and more popular lately thanks to the advent of
inexpensive small high-quality rugged cameras. Fire
departments across the world are deploying fire helmet
cameras as a part of their efforts to improve safety training,
advance investigations and educate the public.

One of recent updates in Research and

Development in Paris is that, their
Institution Pittsburgh have announced
partnerships with Pittsburgh industry
to accelerate their research and
development work in the area of
artificial intelligence. Carnegie Mellon
University has teamed up with Sony
Corporation of America to collaborate
on AI and robotics in the areas of
cooking and delivery, and the École Polytechnique (I’X) in Paris is working with Google France to
fund a new academic and research chair in AI. The goal of that position is to attract AI talent to the
institution and begin programs of training for students in the field.

Nevertheless, as of this year, France is developing a strong reputation for its AI talent which is
currently processing in Paris. Facebook will be opening its first AI research center in Paris, with CEO
Mark Zuckerberg stating that “France already has one of the strongest AI research communities in
the world.” Moreover, Paris company Moodstocks was acquired by Google earlier this year for its
machine vision technology. The team have since joined the Google R&D center in Paris.

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This project has the potential to make the vast possibilities of AI and robotics more familiar and
accessible to the general public. Additionally, it could also assist those for whom daily tasks, such
as food preparation, are challenging.

Institution President Jacques Biot once stated, "This 25th chair reflects our institution's ability to
work in close interaction with the business world in order to advance knowledge for the benefit of
society, and to foster the employability of our students. It is an additional piece in the powerful
device deployed by l'X to support the development of artificial intelligence."

And, in early 21st century, R&D of Paris has conducted

a research project with 200 km of new metro lines –
the equivalent of the existing network – forming a ring
around the capital, the Grand Paris Express will bring
Paris into the 21st century by transforming residents’
mobility and reshaping the different areas. For VINCI,
and for all the players in the sector, it offers
considerable opportunities: in the near term with the
underground and civil engineering works and in the
longer term with the urban renewal projects around
the new stations.

This was the case, for instance, with the

international consultation, “Invent the
Grand Paris Metropolitan Area”,
launched over the last few months by
the French government, the Métropole
du Grand Paris and Société du Grand
Paris. It invited consortiums of
companies to imagine, from scratch,
complete development projects for 57 sites (disused industrial sites, former public facilities, areas
on the fringes of towns, etc.) inspired by “green” urban innovation and multi-use practices. VINCI
put together 23 joint ventures that responded to the call for projects, 18 of which went through to
the final phase.

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Some of planned research and development projects Paris are the following:

As part of the renovation of an area in terrible need of one, the Bercy-Charenton towers
in the 12th arrondissement will number five and reach 50m each. Alongside them will be numerous
towers of offices, hotels, commercial spaces, schools, gyms, nurseries and walkways. Anyone who
has been there will testify to the horrific wasted space that part of Paris currently is.

Despite there being nothing to protect – it is nothing but train tracks, vast unused space
and existing commercial centres – Les amis de Bercy Charenton (friends of Bercy Charenton) accuse
the mayor of wanting to ‘dilute’ them by creating a new town of 4000 people. A sports centre will
be sacrificed for the developments, in their defense.

Being so close to the centre, this development has numerous groups lining up to defy the Mayor’s
plans. The first stages of construction are scheduled for late 2019 and they will surely fight tooth
and nail to prevent it.

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 The picture above is the EuropaCity which is scheduled to open in 2024. The developers of
EuropaCity in Paris have provided a first glimpse at the eight key leisure buildings that will be
constructed for the €3.1bn (US$3.8bn, £2.7bn) project. The 3-billion-euro project is a collaboration
between Chinese giant Wanda and French supermarket behemoth Auchan. Eighty hectares of
commercial space, amusement parks, a waterpark, restaurants, hotels, indoor ski slopes and the
works. It lies in between CDG airport and Paris, providing a go-between the two. It will also form
part of the Greater Paris express network.

Activists and locals together have managed to stall the project and have the backing of
several prominent National Assembly members. A public inquiry found much of their gripes were
justified although the project has been given the go-ahead.

References

https://investinganswers.com/financial-dictionary/businesses-corporations/research-and-
development-rd-3093

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_and_development

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https://www.forbes.com/sites/stephenharner/2014/10/09/the-mori-foundations-global-power-
city-index-2104-ranks-london-1-new-york-2-tokyo-4/#a0bcc242fa5e

https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfsstatic/dam/assets/301546/master

https://www.edf.fr/en/the-edf-group/world-s-largest-power-company/activities/research-and-
development/flagship-projects/the-linky-radio-transmitter

https://dualo.org/product/du-touch-l/

https://plumelabs.com/en/

https://www.thelocal.fr/galleries/culture/french-inventions-france-innovation/6

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanoid_robot

https://www.google.com/search?q=firefighter+helmet+camera&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjdnKj17cXg
AhWOXn0KHZS-CDsQ1QIoBXoECAIQBg&biw=1600&bih=767

Swanson Reed. 2017. PARIS BOOSTS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN AI.

Dian Schaffhauser. 2018. Universities in Pittsburgh and Paris to Host New AI R&D Centers.

Miranda Bothe, Kathryn Brown, et al. 2018. Paris Property: The Paris Life.

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