HUMAN CELL TYPES AND PLANT CELLS b) Smooth muscle cells – make up the muscle of the internal

organs
1. Epithelial Cells c) Cardiac muscle cells - most powerful of all cells as they
- number of cell layers : simple are responsible in pumping blood
stratified to different body parts
- found in the following: d) Myoepithelial cells - produce basal membrane
 The skin (the largest organ of the body) - have contractile function
 Body linings
 Glandular tissue * Morphology - study of the form and structure of organisms and
- its functions are: their specific structural features
 Protection against UV rays
 Absorption Morphology of muscle
 Filtration - 3 types:
 Secretion  Skeletal - can be controlled voluntarily
-cells attach to connective tissue
Its structures -cells are striated
-cells have more than one nucleus
a) Simple Squamous - for application
x- single layer of flat cells
 Cardiac - found only in the heart
*lines body cavities
- function id to pump blood (involuntarily)
* lines lungs and capillaries and air sacs
- cells attached to other cardiac muscle
- cells at intercalated disks
b) Simple Cuboidal - for protection
- cells are striated
- single layer of cube-like cells
- one nucleus per cell
- common in glands and their ducts
- forms walls of kidney tubules
 Smooth - involuntarily muscle
- surrounds hollow orgasms
c) Simple Columnar - more on absorption
- attached to other smooth muscle cells
- column arranged
- no visible striations
- single layer of tall cells
- one nucleus per cell
- often includes goblet cells, which produce
mucus
3. Bone Cells (Osteocytes)
- lines digestive tract
- most resilient body cells as they are bounded by calcium and phosphate
- give strength, support and framework to the body by enclosing the
d) Ciliated/Pseudostratified Columnar
organs
- more than 1 layer of cells
- together with the striated muscle cells, osteocytes enable to perform
- single layer, but some cells are shorter than others, hair-like locomotion
structures
- sometimes ciliated, such as in the respiratory tract 4. Cartilage Cells (Chondrocytes)
- may function in absorption or secretion - composed pf chondroitin sulphate that makes them softer and more
flexible compared with those of bone cells
2. Muscle Cells (Myocytes)
- intended for movement 5. Nerve Cells
- classified depending on their texture, attachment and ability to - are most versatile because they work every second of a human’s lifetime
respond: - consist of dendrites (receive signal from other neurons) and the
a) Striated muscle cells - also called as skeletal muscle cell axon (conveys)
- perform locomotory functions and - make up the brain
are connected to long bones that - found abundantly in the spinal cord
- never multiply on one’s lifetime
move through muscle
6. Secretory Cells
- found in glands which functions as organs of secretion
- these secretions can be in the form of sweat, oil, etc.
Ex. Pancreatic cells which secrete insulin, glucagon, salivary amylase,
sebaceous gland secrete oil on the skin etc.

7. Adipose Cells
- known as “fat cells”
- ring-like in form and function to store fat
- each adipose cell contains a droplet of lipid is surrounded by the
cytoplasm
- seen in the abdomen and buttocks, to reduce friction and help cushion
the body
*carbohydrates to protein

8. Blood Cells
 Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) - transport and supply oxygen
to different body parts
 White blood cells (Lymphocytes)
- prevent body from infections
- their main task is to eliminate foreign substances from
outside
 Thrombocytes (Platelets) – they aggregate when the blood
vessels are damaged and cover the wounds

9. Reproductive Cells
- also called as “gametes”
- become active at puberty stage
- the nucleus of the spermatocyte unites with the nucleus of oocyte
allowing fertilization to form a new organism
Ex. Sperm cells (male gametes)
Egg cells (female gametes)