READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY
CHAU JU KUA- author of the book Chu Fan Chi in
1225. This was during the Sung Dynasty.
Ma-I (Mindoro)
 Ma-i- north of po-ni.
 Thousand of families are settled along
both banks or creek.
 Natives cover themselves with sheet of
cotton cloth and hide their lower body
with sarong.
 There are bronze images of gods, of
unknown origin, scattered in the grassy
wilderness.
Trading:
 They stop in front of the official’s place
for that is the place for bartering.
 The chiefs are using white umbrellas to
receive gifts from traders.
 Pag di nabenta, yung savage traders will
go to other islands para ibenta yung
products for eight or nine months.
SAN-SU | three islands: kia-ma-yen (Calamian),
pa-lau-yu (Palawan), pa-ki-ung (Busuanga) |
 They also have one thousand families.
 the woman may be seen carrying 2-3 jars
on their heads while they fetch water.
Trading:
 when the ship arrives, they show up and
trade with them.
Hai-tan (tribe):
 small in stature, yellow and round eyes,
curly hair, and their teeth show.
 They nest in tree tops
Trading:
 Foreign traders announced their
presence to the natives by beating
drums.
 Kapag hindi nagkasundo the chief must
go in person, they should have 2 natives.
 The anchor must long for 3-4 days only.
P’u-li-lu
 Connected with san-su.
 Populous than san-su.
 Most of people are of cruel disposition
and given to robbery.
WANG TA-YUAN
 Tao-i-chih-lio (1349)- book that he
wrote
 China was under the Yuan dynasty
(1279-1368)
 Wang was born in Nangchang in Jiangxi
province.
 Was a trader nor a scholar
 Tao-i-chih-lio was written by W.W.
Rockhil; better translation by Wu Ching-
Hong
SAN-TAO (three islands)
 Lie to the east of ta-ki-shan
 Divided like a tripod
 The soil is poor and the crops
sparse
 Climate is rather warm
 Among males and females, some
are white.
 All wear single garment
MA-YI (Mindoro)  If a barbarian official is dead, his wife will
not marry again an ordinary person.
 Mountainous range is flat and broad,
Only descendant of some barbarian
settlement is on the two banks on the
official of rank and position of another
stream
country. Otherwise she will cut of her
 Fields are fertile.
hair and read religious book for the rest
 Climate is rather hot.
of her life.
 They esteem the quality of uprightness
 Wear blue short shirt, tie around them
and chastity.
red turban
 Wears blue cotton shirt
 When any woman buried her husband, PI-SHO-YE (Visayas)
she shaves her hair and fasts for seven
 Lies in seclusion in a corner to the east of
days, lying beside her husband, if they
the sea.
still alive after 7 days, they urge them to
 Fields are scarce.
eat.
 Mountain is flat and wild.
 Two or three thousand slaves are put to
 Climate is doubly hot.
death to be bury with the chief.
 Robbery is customary with the people.
MIN-TO-LANG (Mindanao)  Black ink for body tattoo.
 They carve on themselves up to the
 Adjacent to the sea, this is the important
center of the neck.
gateway.
 Red taffetas and trying around yellow
 Water is not salty and Soil are very fertile
cloth
 Rice and corn are plentiful
 No chief.
 Weather is hot
 Land produces nothing.
 They esteem thriftiness in their custom.
 Wears short black shirt and blue
petticoat.
 They have chiefs SU-LU
 They prohibit robbery, which is punished
 They have the SHIH-I mountain as
by putting the robber’s family to death.
defense.
MA-LI-LI (Manila)  Field of the mountain range cultivated
once in 2 years, are lean.
 One has to sail to reach this place.
 Millet and wheat are cultivated
 Mountain is high and the jagged rocks
 Climate half hot
with salted mud are plenty at seaside.
 Customs are rustic
 Very few forests.
 Men and women cut their hair, bind up
 Fields are in highlight and soil is lean.
black turban and small piece of chintz
 They cultivate potato and taro.
tied around them
 Climate is hot.
 Earn living by weaving “jwu-buh”
 In their customs, they esteem
 They have chief
uprightness.
The Philippine Embassy to China (1417)
Ming dynasty:
 Emperor Yongle/ yung lo
- naniniwala na ang china and celestial empire
-naniniwala na ang sibilisasyong tsina ang
nakakataas sa lahat ng ibang bansa
-naniniwala rin na ang lahat ng bansa ay dapat
silang kilalanin at mag-alay ng tribute
 treasure fleet: fleet of junk na tinatawag
na ang pangunahing layunin ay ang
pagkuha ng mga triboto para sa ming
dynasty na mula sa ibat ibang bansa na
pinamunuan ni ADMIRAL ZHENG HE.
 Ang hindi magbigay ng alay sa ming
dynasty ay iienvade katulad ng kingdom
of Ceylon
*Pun Tao Kong: ipinadala ni emperor
Yongle sa sulu para humingi ng tribute
 Yung le dispatched pun tao kong to
sulu. His grave is still in Jolo
*Ang pagpunta ng 3 Sulu Kings sa China
Paduka Batara (King of the eastern
kingdom of Sulu), Paduka Prabu (Cave
King, Mountain King), Maharajah
(Western King)
1. Paduka Batara: naglayag papuntang
china nung 1417
-layunin nang paglalayag ay makipagkaibigan sa
tsina kasama ang dalawang asawa at tatlong
anak
-nag-alay ng mga perlas, tortoise shell, precious
stones, and a “memorial inscribed on gold”
-kinilala ng mga Chinese bilang pinakamataas na
hari sa kanilang tatlo
*natuwa ang emperor sa alay ng hari
kaya naman sinuklian niya ito*
-nakapagstay sa Beijing ng 27 days
-silk clothing, private accommodation,
entertainment
 Grand canal noong oct. 8, 1417
 Hinatid sila batara kasama ang
military escort na iniutos ng
emperor
 Taels- Chinese system of weight to
currency (12 pesos)
 Namatay si paduka batara sa kalagitnaan
ng paglalayag nila pabalik ng sulu. Sa
dezhou siya namatay
 Nakaabot ang pagkamatay nito sa
emperor kaya naman nagutos siya mag-
alay ng hayop at alal para makasiguro na
iwewelcome si batara sa afterlife.
 Other tribute na sinned ng sulu sa tsina:
malaking pearl na may timbang na 7
taels ni paduka su-li
*pagkamatay ni emperor Yongle at zheng he
-natigil ang pagtanggap ng alay ang china mula
sa ibang bansa dahil sa bagong pamumuno ni
EMPEROR HONGXI na may impluwensya ng ne
confusion.
-nagpayo ang neo confusion scholars kay hongxi
na sunuging ang treasure fleet ni zheng he upang
masunog ang iba pang dokyumento.
-naimpluwensyahan din ng neo confusion ang
emperor na hindi na kailangan makipagkalakaan
ng tsina dahil sapat na yung gamit nila dahil sa
SUPERIOR CIVILIZATION. Sumunod ito at
ipinasara ang boarders.
-binalik ni hongxi ang capital ng china sa Nanjing
at bigla itong namatay kaya pinamunuan ng anak
niya na si Xunde, itinuloy ni xunde and polisiya  Miguel de Loarca- was one of the
ng ama. Spanish conquistadores to arrive in the
Philippines.
 Port of canton- eastern side ng china
 member of Spanish expedition to china.
-open for foreign traders
 author of Relacion de las Yslas Filipinas
-only for 6 months
and Vardadera relacion de la grandeca
-strict regulations by neo confucianism
del reyno de china (1582)
officials.
 original copies were made by Juan
Bautista de Munoz.
 Neo Confucianism- moral, ethical,
 his writing was one of the early writing
metaphysical
about the inhabitants of Philippines.
 Confucianism na may Taoism and
buddhism Relacion de las Yslas Filipinas
 Kailangan sumunod ng students sa
 King Don Phelippe
teachers no matter what.
 Two kinds of people in this land: live
Tome Pires’ account on Pre-Spanish Filipinos along the coast, live in mountains
(1515)  They depend upon each other for the
necessities of life.
 Tome Pires- Portuguese apothecary.
 They preserve their ancient lore through
 Lucoes- group of people
songs, commonly while plying their oars.
 He encountered this people in Malacca
which fell into Portuguese hands in
 Larao of the dead- mourning- when a
1511.
chief died, all must mourn him and must
 He serves as apothecary to Alfonso de
observe the following restrictions:
Albuquerque when he conquered
1.) No one shall quarrel
Malacca that year.
2.) No gala or colored dress
 Suma oriental- his writing which he
3.) No singing on board
finished in Cochin, India in 1515.
 Lubluban-
 Borneans have king but ruled by a group
 Panas- was the son of Anoranor and he
of edlers. (Maginoo, Agorang, Ruma
is the grandson of the first human
Bechara)
 The first man who waged war and
 Borneans go to Luzon to buy gold (low
use weapon in fighting
quality), in which they bring to Malacca
is from Luzoes.
 Just wars: 3 cases para tawaging just
 Malalakas at malulusog ang mga taga
wars
luzoes.
1.) When an Indian goes to another
 Malacca ang pinagkukunan sa kalakalan.
village and is there to put death
without cause
Captain Loarca’s account on the Filipinos and 2.) When their wives are stolen from
their Pre-Spanish civilization (1582) them
 3.) When they go in friendly manner to
trade at any village, and there, under
the appearance of friendship, are
wronged and maltreated.
 Laws of slavery- need magbayad ng
jewels or gold and if di nakapagbayad
yung magnanakaw, kailangan niyang
mangutang then yung paguutangan niya
is gagawin siyang slave hanggang sa
makapagbayad siya.
 AYUEYS- These slaves work for three
days for the master and one for
themselves. They worth two gold tael or
twelve pesos. They receive food and
clothing from their masters.
 TUMARANPOC- These slaves live in their
own houses, obliged to go to their
master one day out of four, three for
themselves. If not, they will give ten
chicubites of rice.
 TOMATABANS- works in the house of
their masters only when there is some
banquet or revel. They bring gifts and
bound to work five days in a month.
They worth 1 gold tael of six pesos.
 Sidumaguer- he compelled the
descendants of those who had broken
his barangay to pass to him at their
deaths two slaves out of every ten, and
same portion of all their property.
 Timaguas- neither chiefs or slaves. Ff he
desires to live in a certain village, he joins
himself in one of the chiefs.
Placencia’s code on the ancient customs of the
Tagalogs (October 21, 1589)
 Fray Juan de Placencia
 Franciscan missionary, linguist and
writer.
 Author of THE CUSTOMS OF THE
TAGALOG OF THE PHILIPPINES
 People had chiefs called datu who
governed them and captain in their wars
 Tribal gathering is called Barangay.
 There were 3 castes: Nobles (Maharlica),
commoners (aliping namamahay), slaves
(aliping saguiguilid)
 Nobles (Maharlica): does not pay tax or
tribute to the datu but must accompany
him in war
 Commoners (aliping namamahay):
married and serve their master, datu or
not, with half their cultivated lands na
pinagkasunduan una pa lang. nakatira sa
sariling bahay and lords of their own
property and gold. Maiinherit ng mga
anak nila and di magiging slaves yung
anak.
 Slaves (aliping saguiguilid): they serve
their master in his house and on his
cultured islands, and may be sold.
On the worship of the Tagalogs, their Gods, and
their Burials and Superstition
Simbahan- temple or place of adoration
Pandot- celebration- they celebrate this in a
large house of a chief
Sibi- temporary shed na ginagamit
pagnagcecelebrate ng pandot to protect
people from being wet when it rained.
Sorihile- small lamps
Nagaanitos- when whole barangay, or family
united
Temple- the house for the gathering
Catalonans, Mangkukulam and Aswangs
Charms- are often short rhyming verses, recited
to accompany an action or in the making of a
talisman.
Talisman- bagay na naghohold ng magic
1.) Catalonan- priest or priestess po sila in
the indigenous religions of the Tagalog
and Kapampangan people. So, its’s
either babae siya or lalaki. Spanish friars
and missionaries also called them
anitero (male) and anitera (female).
They are the Central to Southern Luzon
equivalent of the Visayan Babaylan.
2.) Mangagauay or witches- who deceive
by pretending to heal the sick. So what
they do is nagbibigay sila ng sakit using
their charms. Sa sobrang lakas nila, they
can cause death. They could also prolong
life.
3.) Manyisalat- ito naman it is the same
with mangagauay, witches din sila. May
mga ipapahid silang mga kung ano
anong gamot o remedies na
pakakapagabandon or despise sa
kanilang mga asawa. Pinipigilan din nito
na magkaron ng intercourse o siping
between sa mag-asawa. If the woman
constrained by these means, were
abandoned, magkakasakit siya.
4.) Mancocolam or mangkukulam- whose
duty is to emit fire from himself at night,
isa or madalas sa bawat buwan. So yung
apoy dito di siya namamatay.
5.) Hacloban o hukluban- another kind din
ito ng witch of greater efficacy than the
mangagauay. Hindi sila nagamit ng
gamot, tinataas lang nila yung kamay
nila, mapapatay nila kung sino yung pinili
nilang mamatay. Pero kung gusto naman
nila maheal o mapagaling yung binigyan
nila ng sakit or illness by their charms,
gagamit din sila ng ibang charms. They
can also destroy Indian’s house. Basically
they don’t have instrument, only their
hands.
6.) Silagan- pag may nakita silang nakaputi,
they will tear out your liver and eat it. Sa
catanduanes din po ito .
7.) Magtatangal o manananggal- his
purpose naman was to show himself at
night sa madaming tao without his head
or entrails. So sabi po is dinadala nila
yung ulo nila sa ibat ibang places then sa
morning, binabalikan nila ito. Sa
catanduanes din siya.
8.) Osuang o aswang- which is equivalent to
“sorcerer” so lumilipad daw po sila and
they murder men and ate their flesh. Sa
Visayas islands naman po to sa mga
tagalogs, di siya nageexist.
9.) Mangagayoma- they make charms for
lovers gamit mga herbs, stones, words
which would infuse the heart with love.
10.) Sonat or preacher- it was his office to
help someone die at which time he
predicted the salvation or
condemnation of the soul. General
throughout the islands.
11.) Pangatahojan- soothsayer or someone
who predicts future by magic.
12.) Bayoguin or cotquean- a man whose
nature inclined toward that of a woman.
BATHALA- “all powerful” or “make of all
things”.
TALA- morning star
Seven little goats- PLEIADES to us
MAPOLON- change of seasons
IK-HA- dolls whom they possessed, images with
different shapes
DIAN MASALANTA- was the patron of lovers
and of generation.
LACAPATI AND IDIANALE- were the patrons of
the cultivated lands and husbandry.
MACA- paradise or village of rest

1. Vibit- ghost
2. Tikbalang- phantoms
3. Tiyanak- if any woman died in childbirth