Final Thesis Adrian

AGONCILLO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
GRADE 12 HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

Chapter I
Background of the study
Introduction
An Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) is a person of Filipino Origin who lives
outside the Philippines. This term applies to Filipino's who are abroad indefinitely
or citizens or permanent residents of a different country to those Filipino citizens
abroad for a limited, definite period, such as an work contract or as students.
Some reasons why this happen is due to financial problems like parents
need to go abroad or leave to look for money to enable to support their family an
example are the Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW), another is separation (Divorce
or Annulment) of parents which sometimes results to single-parenting and one
more example is the death of a loved one. Because of the interesting topic and
common issue, the researcher desires to enable this study for people to be
aware of this certain problem that students which absentee parents are going
through and how it affects their academic performance.
This study is made to understand the predicaments of students with
absentee parents. It is facts that are important to hell guide, support, teach and
lead their children to become disciplined and responsible members of the

society.
The usual happenings are that there will be rebellion on the part of their
children, feeling of discomfort, loneliness and abandonment that may result from
various unnecessary conferences such as going into drugs, alcoholism, cutting
classes and exploitation of their own properties. These facts of life are inevitable
because the emotion being felt by the children toward their parents working
abroad are unpredictable and not constantly changing, the same as their views in
life.
According to Groiler Academic Encyclopedia (Vol.15) the status of
parenthood results in certain results in rights and duties existing between parents
and minor children-modern statutes in the United States provide both the Father
and the Mother, are natural guardians of offspring. If it becomes necessary for
the law to appoint alternative guardians, these people are known as guardians by
law. Parents are responsible for the health, financial support, and
education of their children. It only means that whatever kind of parents you are,
biologically or appointed by law, you are oblige to give the basic needs of your
children, mostly children.
The aim of this study is to know how the respondents of this study are
affected in their academic performance primarily for being a son/daughter of an
OFW parents. It likewise focuses on the predicaments experience by the student-
respondents because of the said family situation.
Statement of the Problem
The study focuses on the Predicaments of the student with OFW Parents.
It specifically seeks to answer the following questions:
1. What is the reason for Filipino parents to work overseas?
2. What are the effects of having OFW parents to the students?
a. Personality and Personal Disposition
b. Academic Performance
3. What are the difficulties encountered by the students with OFW parents?
4. How can the identified difficulties be addressed?

Scope and limitation
This study conducted to find out the Predicaments of the students with OFW
parents. The aspects studied are the reasons for Filipino parents to work
overseas. The effects of having OFW parents to the personality and personal
disposition and academic of the students, the difficulties encountered by students
with OFW parents and how these difficulties can be addressed.

Conceptual Framework
The researchers used the commonly referred to as IPO which is Input
Process Output Diagram as a framework of their study which will serve as a
conductor for their entire work. These were composed of input, process, and
output. The information needed will be provided in the input then the process
applies the required steps for the information gathered l, lastly the output variable
displays the processed results based from the gathered information. These are
important because these will set the limitations of the very much accurate took in
order to achieve the quality and the expectations for the whole study.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Reasons for Filipino

parents to work
overseas
Effect of having
INPU Assessment of
OFW parents to the
Socio-economic
. students The identified
status of the family
difficulties be
a. Personality and
Grades of the address
personal disposition
students in Quarter
b. Academic 1 and 2
performance
Difficulties
encountered by the
students
Figure with OFW of the study
1. Paradigm
parents
Figure 1 shows the paradigm of the study compose of Input, Process,
Output Phases. The first one is the input phase includes the necessary
information such as factors such as reason of for Filipino parents to work
overseas, effect of having OFW parents to the students, personality and personal
disposition and academic, difficulties encountered by the students with OFW
parents. The second phase is the process phases which are the assessment is
socio-economics status of the family, grades of the students in quarter 1 and
quarter 2. And the lastly the output phase that contains the identified difficulties
be address
Hypothesis
Ho: There are no predicaments encountered by the students with OFW parents.
H1: There are predicaments encountered by the students with OFW parents.
Significance of the study
This study will benefit the following person:
Students. The finding of this study will understand and be aware that having
OFW parents is not a hindrance in full filling their goals. Instead they can make it
as their motivation.
Teachers. This study will serves to determine the problems of their students on
why they are losing interest in studying and becoming lazy to study their lessons
and by that, it will enable them to make strategies in motivating their students.
OFW parents. This study will help the OFW parents that whatever the result of
this study, they will be aware of the performance of their children and give them
chance to talk to each other and guide their children even if they far from them.
Future Researchers. This study will give some essential information which will
surely help them in researching related subjects and problems similar to this
study.
Definition of terms
For better understanding of this research, the following terms are clearly
defined:
Academic Performance it refers to the grades of student.
Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) is a term often used to refer to Filipino migrant
workers, people with Filipino citizenship who reside in another country for a
limited period of employment.
Personal Disposition is a person's true character, attitude and outlook. A
personal disposition can also be described as a habitual inclination.
Personality is defined as the characteristics set of behaviors, cognition and
emotional patterns that evolve from biological and environment factors.
Predicaments it refers to the difficult or unpleasant situation.l
Socio-economics is the social science that studies how economic activity affects
and is shaped by social processes.

Chapter II
Review of Related Literature
This chapter presents the related literature and related studies.
According to Ntitika J.L. (2014) in his study. The economic status of
parents can also be concluded as to affect the academic performance of some
students. This whereby some of the students who come from families, which are
not economically stable, tend to be chased out of school for fees whereas others
are not able to purchase some of the reading materials. This affects their
performance largely. Moreover, poor economic backgrounds limit the parents
from sending their children to schools that have adequate facilities or high
standards simply because they are not able to meet the educational cost
required.
According to the study of Antoban SK he cited that "thus more mothers are
leaving behind their children in the neural areas in search for job in the urban
centers so as to able to cater for their children.
According to Grailer Academic Encyclopedi (Vol. 15) the status of
parenthood results in certain results in nights and duties existing between
parents and minor children. Modern statutes in the United States provide both
the father and mother are natural guardians, these people are known as
guardians by law parents you are biologically or appointed by law, you are oblige
to give the basic needs of your children mostly education.
According to the studies of Arguillas M.J; Williams L. (2010) Family structured
household resources, members of siblings competing of those resources and
parents own educational attainment are often important predictors of children
educational outcomes. Overseas migration of parents from the Philippines has
resulted in increasing numbers of long term separation of parents from each
other and from their children. Western based analysis might predict negative
education overseas constructed workers (OCW's) since they work abroad
through a contract of several years with their employee. The OFW was officially
adapted under the President Fidel V. Ramos Administrations to give the
recognition to the millions of Filipinos who sacrifice by working in other countries.
The change, replacing contract with Filipino honors these Filipino workers by
Pledging the Philippine government’s commitment to their welfare whenever they
may be and removing the pre-conditioned of Possession of contract in order for
Philippines consulates to come to their and under the Migrant workers and
Overseas Filipino Act of 1995 (Republic Act 8042).

The numbers of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW's) who worked abroad at any
time during the period of April to September 2018 was estimated at 2.3 million.
Overseas contract comprised at 96.2 percent of the total OFW's during the period
of April to September 2018. The rest (3.2 %) worked overseas without contract.
There were more females than a male among the OFW’s with the females
OFW comprises 55.8 percent of the total OFW. Female OFW's were generally
younger than males OFW's with about half (47.5 %) of the female OFW's
belonging to age group 25 to 34 years. In comparison male OFW in this age
group made up 38.9 percent. Male OFW's aged 45 years older accounted for
21.2 percent of all male OFW while their female counterparts in this age group
made up of 14.5 percent.
The impact of migration varies ranging from economic benefits not only for
the family but the country in generally through its remittances to the security and
well-being of the family of migrants. But a major concern here is the social cost
migration especially to the children left behind. Parental absence creates
displacement disruptions and changes in care giving arrangement. There is
always forced to follow a certain groups just to be accepted. Furthermore if you
are not aware that negative and positive peer pressure (two types of peer
pressure: the negative and positive) is already changing your values and
behavior
of alcoholism, drug addiction, teenage pregnancy for girls, bullying and school
failures. In this case, even the children tend to perform well, there's a possibility
at a process of trying times, children could not be able to manage the sense of
"abandonment" that may lead to the easily influenced by peers resulting to the
conclusion given by the cleofe (2016).
It is emotionally and physically challenging for the children to accept that
their family set up is not same with other families. However, as the child begins to
understand the rationale why parents has to work abroad and is able to get back
on track and take on the responsibility of managing their own. In addition, in the
Philippines,, having a blue-collared job, one would not able to financially support
their families unlike when they work abroad -Atienza Kapunan; Noe Panlilio
(2012).
Among occupation groups, elementary occupation (37.7%) was the biggest
groups of OFW's. Other large occupation groups where the service and sales
workers (18.8%) and plant and machine operators and assemblers (13.8%).
More than half of the female OFW’S were in elementary occupations (58.7%).
Among the female OFW’S the largest groups were plant and machine operators
and assemblers workers (27.8%).
In Asia, the Philippines is the major supplier of labor migrants to over 100
countries and the leading females migrants sending countries along with
Indonesia. More than 8 million (10%) out of the 85 million Filipinos were working
or living abroad while over 72% of total migrants from Philippines were women
workers. Many of these woman work as domestic helper, nurses, caregivers, and
entertainers. With this huge number of Filipino migrants (and still move) living the
country temporarily (or permanently) a more pressing concern is the regards to
children left behind.
According to the literature Review of Reyes (2008) unlike the perceived the
notions children of migrants performed well specially during the grade school
compared to non-migrant children (base on the study Scalabrini). This finding
also came out in the 1196 study (Battistella and Canoco) and seems to suggest
the importance of mother's presence in the academic performance of the
children. At the same time, based from the actual interview and observation of
Pareñas in the conduct of her study, the two boys she met in one school who
were labeled as trouble maker by the guidance counselor have acted with
respect and obedience and have higher cognitive skills. This can also be seen in
Cruz's study (1987), were students’ performance did not show significant
difference between children of migrants and non-migrants majority even received
good
ratings in terms of conduct and disciplined in class from the teachers (18%)
children’s of migrants and 81 % children of non-migrants.

According to Cruz (1987) also noted that children of migrants interact more
with classmates and actively participate in class discussion/activities and the
extra-curricular activities. Even children and behaving well, as discipline one, as
it consider to the study of Pareñas and Cruz, still it shows the importance of a
migrant parents care and guidance as they tend to performed well the emotion
of the migrant children has a possibility to affect them.
Synthesis
Synthesis is a summary of all cited literatures and studies and the
relationship and relevance to the present study.
The above mention studies tackled about the predicaments of the studies
having an OFW parents affect the performance of the students.
In this study of Asia, the Philippines is the major supplier of labor migrants
to over to 100 countries and the leading female migrant sending countries along
with Indonesia. More than 8 million Filipinos were working or living abroad. While
over 72% of total migrants from Philippines were women workers. Many of these
women work as domestic helpers, nurses, caregivers, and entertainers. With this
huge number of Filipino migrant (and still move) living the country temporarily (or
permanently) a more pressing concern is the regards to the children left behind.
At the same time, based from actual interview and observation of Pareñas
(2006) in the conduct of her study, the two boys she met in one school that were
labeled as troubled maker by the guidance counselor have acted with respect
and obedience and have higher cognitive skills.
This can also be seen in Cruz's study (1987) were students performance did
not show significant difference between children of migrants and non-migrants
majority even received good ratings in terms of conduct and discipline in class
from the teachers (78% children of migrants and 8% children of non-migrants).
This above literatures and studies indicates and support this study regarding
the predicaments of the students with OFW parents.

Chapter III
Research Methodology
This chapter shows the methodology which compose of the research design,
research instrument, sample size, statistical tool and sampling technique.
Research Design
Descriptive research is defined as a research method that describe the
characteristics of the population or phenomenon that is being studied. This
methodology focused more on the "what" of the research subject rather than the
"why" of the research subject.
The descriptive research design is utilize by the researchers in order to describe
the present condition of the respondent in terms of the predicaments experienced
by with OFW parents.
Sample and Sampling Technique

The researchers utilize 100% of the students of Agoncillo Senior High School
with OFW parents. A total of forty (40) students from both Grade 11 and 12.
Purposive sampling technique is use in the distribution of questionnaire.
Research Instrument
Researcher-made questionnaire is the instrument utilize to gathered data. It
consists of series of question focusing on the research problem. Likert five scales
are utilize to determine the intensity of conformity on the issues raised in the
questionnaire.
Statistical Treatment
After tabulating the gathered data statistical tool is applied. This is the use
frequency, percentage ranking and weighted mean.
Formula: F Where: P = percentage
P= × 100 F = frequency
N N = total numbers of respondents
The formula for weighted mean:
Ʃf (x) Where: WM = weighted mean
WM = Ʃfx = summation of frequency
N N = sample size
Table 1. The reason for the Filipino to work overseas

Formula: F Where: P = percentage
P= × 100 F = frequency
N N = total numbers of respondents
Table 2. The Effects of having OFW parents to the students in terms of:
A. Personal Disposition
Scale Range Verbal Interpretation
1 1.0 - 1.7 Strong Disagree
2 1.8 - 2.5 Disagree
3 2.6 - 3.3 Neither Agree or
Disagree
4 3.4 - 4.1 Agree
5 4.2 - 5.0 Strongly Agree
B. Academic Performance

Disagree
4 3.4 - 4.1 Agree
Table 3. The Difficulties encountered by the students with OFW parents

Disagree
4 3.4 - 4.1 Agree
Chapter IV
Presentation of Data Analysis and Interpretation
This chapter contains the presentation, analysis and interpretation of the
gathered information regarding the respondents’’ assessment on the
predicaments of the student having OFW parents.
Table I
The reason of the Filipino parents to work overseas

INDICATORS YES NO
f % Rank f % Rank
1.Financial Problem 35 87.50 3.5 5 12.50 7.5
2.Proverty 18 45.00 9 22 55.00 2
3.The salary and benefits abroad 35 87.50 3.5 5 12.50 7.5
comparatively high than in the
Philippines
4. Family conflict (separation either 21 52.50 7.5 19 47.50 3.5
mother or father)
5.Less job opportunities here in the 31 77.50 5 9 22.50 6
Philippines
6. Skills and education attainment 24 60.00 6 16 40.00 5
do not much the employment
offered here in the Philippines
7. To support the education of their 38 95.00 1.5 2 5.00 9.5
children
8. Provide the needs of their family 38 95.00 1.5 2 5.00 9.5
9. Influenced by other OFW 21 52.50 7.5 19 47.50 3.5
10. Want to travel to other country 16 40.00 10 24 6.00 1

Table 1 shows the reasons of the parents to work overseas. There are 95%
of the respondent answered that the reason of their parents in working overseas
is to support the education of their children and to provide the needs of their
family. 87.50% is due to financial problems and the salary and benefits abroad is
comparatively higher than in the Philippines. The least considered reason are
poverty with 45% and the interest to travel to other countries is 40%
Table 2
The effects of having OFW parents to the students
A. Personal Disposition
INDICATORS WM VI RANK
1.Nobody restricts me anything I want 3.35 N 1
2. More time to hang out with friends 3.325 N 2
3. Spending too much money in socialization. 2.975 N 6
4. No time for family bonding as prefer going with 3.125 N 4
friends.
5. Implicated in immoral cases. 3 N 5
6. Always updated in fashions, other gadgets 3.2 N 3
and personal thing.
7. You can buy all things anytime. 2.925 N 7
Table 2A visualizes the effects of having OFW parents by means of
personal disposition. It clearly viewed that the usual effect is nobody
restrict them in anything they want with weighted mean of 3.35. Next is,
they more time to hang out with their friends with weighted mean of 3.325
all are interpreted as Neither Agree or Disagree. The least effect that the
respondents answer are spending too much money with weighted mean of
2.975 and they can buy all things they anytime5 both interpreted as
Neither Agree or Disagree.
B. Academic Performance
Indicators WM VI Rank
1. All time is dedicated going with friends and 3.05 N 1
no time for studies.
2. Didn’t have time in attending for studies. 2.525 D 5.5
3.Always absent /cutting 2.025 D 7
4. Can’t accomplish any project and other 2.5 D 4
school activities.
5. Lost focus and concentration in studies . 2.6 D 5.5
6. Nobody guides and care. 2.6 N 2
7. Inability to perform school activities. 2.55 D 3
Table 2B reveals the effect of having OFW parents in terms of academic
performance. The data gathered shows that the main effects are, all time is
dedicated going with their friends and no time for their studies with weighted
mean of 3.05, Secondly is nobody guides and care with weighted mean of 2.6
both are interpreted as Neither Agree or Disagree. However the least effect on
their academic performance that the respondents answer they don’t have time for
attending their studies and loss of focus and concentration in studies with
weighted mean of 2.525 and rank 5.5. Next they are always absent and cutting
with weighted mean of 2.025 and rank 7 all are interpreted as Disagree.
Table 3
The difficulties encountered by the students with OFW parents
Indicators WM VI Rank
1. No one give moral support and advices 3.025 N 8
2. Insecurity 2.9 N 9.5
3. Loneliness 3.275 N 4
4.Lack of attention 3.3 N 3
5. Envy with those happy family members 3.2 N 5.5
6. No protection from harm 2.9 N 9.5
7. No one to share problems 3.35 N 2
8. Lack of time coming from parents 3.425 N 1
9. Resentment 3.2 N 5.5
10. Having a bad attitude cause of lack of guidance 3.075 N 7
Table 3 reflects on the difficulties encountered by the students with OFW
parents. It clearly viewed that the most difficulties encountered by the students
are lack of time coming from parents with weighted mean of 3.425 and verbal
interpretation Agree. Secondly, there is no one to share problems with weighted
mean of 3.35 and verbal interpretation as Neither Agree or Disagree. The least
difficulties that the students encountered are their insecurity to themselves with
weighted mean 2.9 and they are no protection from harm with weighted mean of
2.9 are both interpreted as Neither Agree or Disagree.
Chapter V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusion and
recommendation.
Summary of Findings
Below are the findings of this study:
1. The main reason of the Filipino parents in choosing to work abroad is to
support the education if their children and provide the needs of their family.
2. The effect of having OFW parents to the students. In terms of personal
disposition children of OFW parents can do they want because nobody of the
absence of guidance and advices from own parents. By means of academic
performance most of the students are spending their time with friends and no
time for studies.
3. The difficulties encountered by the students with OFW parents are no one to
share their problems when they are having hard time lack of time and attention
from parents.
Conclusion
Based on the findings the researcher conclude the following:
The primary reason of OFW in working on overseas is financial. The salary
abroad is comparatively high than in the Philippines to answer for the family
needs.
Having OFW parents affects the students in terms of personal disposition,
children of OFW parents can do they want because of the absence of guidance
and advices while they growing up. It also affect their academic performance,
most of the time they utilize to hang out with friends and therefore no time for
studying.
Most of the students are having hard time in finding someone to hold on
when they are dealing with problems and nobody to motivate and inspire them
due to the absence of their parents.
The bull hypothesis is said to be rejected as proven on data that the
researchers gathered showing that there are predicaments encountered by the
students with OFW parents. Therefore, the alternative hypothesis is accepted.
Recommendation
The researchers recommends the following:
1. Students with OFW parents should learn to open up to other family
members, relative’s peers and School staff/personnel to lighted up the
burden/problem face. Students should inform their parents on their activities, so
that their parents are not worrying.
2. Conduct a forum with competent speakers on the subject to inspire the
students with OFW parents to face the challenges that they encountered. This
forum students can also share and open up their and experiences. At the same
time, students will gain proper and effective strategies for holding all difficulties
that they may encountered in the future.
3. To the teacher's and adviser should be sensitive enough to gauge the

situation of the students. Proper advising must be conducted.

Final Thesis Adrian

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AGONCILLO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

GRADE 12 HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

Background of the study

An Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) is a person of Filipino Origin who lives

or citizens or permanent residents of a different country to those Filipino citizens

abroad for a limited, definite period, such as an work contract or as students.

or Annulment) of parents which sometimes results to single-parenting and one

through and how it affects their academic performance.

This study is made to understand the predicaments of students with

lead their children to become disciplined and responsible members of the

various unnecessary conferences such as going into drugs, alcoholism, cutting

According to Groiler Academic Encyclopedia (Vol.15) the status of

children, mostly children.

OFW parents. It likewise focuses on the predicaments experience by the student-

respondents because of the said family situation.

Statement of the Problem

It specifically seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the reason for Filipino parents to work overseas?

2. What are the effects of having OFW parents to the students?

a. Personality and Personal Disposition

4. How can the identified difficulties be addressed?

Scope and limitation

disposition and academic of the students, the difficulties encountered by students

with OFW parents and how these difficulties can be addressed.

The researchers used the commonly referred to as IPO which is Input

Process Output Diagram as a framework of their study which will serve as a

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Reasons for Filipino

information such as factors such as reason of for Filipino parents to work

disposition and academic, difficulties encountered by the students with OFW

socio-economics status of the family, grades of the students in quarter 1 and

Significance of the study

This study will benefit the following person:

Academic Performance it refers to the grades of student.

limited period of employment.

Personal Disposition is a person's true character, attitude and outlook. A

personal disposition can also be described as a habitual inclination.

Personality is defined as the characteristics set of behaviors, cognition and

emotional patterns that evolve from biological and environment factors.

Predicaments it refers to the difficult or unpleasant situation.l

and is shaped by social processes.

Review of Related Literature

This chapter presents the related literature and related studies.

According to Ntitika J.L. (2014) in his study. The economic status of

parents can also be concluded as to affect the academic performance of some

performance largely. Moreover, poor economic backgrounds limit the parents

centers so as to able to cater for their children.

According to Grailer Academic Encyclopedi (Vol. 15) the status of

parenthood results in certain results in nights and duties existing between

to give the basic needs of your children mostly education.

According to the studies of Arguillas M.J; Williams L. (2010) Family structured

household resources, members of siblings competing of those resources and

parents own educational attainment are often important predictors of children

educational outcomes. Overseas migration of parents from the Philippines has

resulted in increasing numbers of long term separation of parents from each

education overseas constructed workers (OCW's) since they work abroad

adapted under the President Fidel V. Ramos Administrations to give the

recognition to the millions of Filipinos who sacrifice by working in other countries.

Pledging the Philippine government’s commitment to their welfare whenever they

may be and removing the pre-conditioned of Possession of contract in order for

Overseas Filipino Act of 1995 (Republic Act 8042).

belonging to age group 25 to 34 years. In comparison male OFW in this age

made up of 14.5 percent.