Present Tense

Simple present tense to state facts, habits, and events that

occur at this time.

Rumus:

S + verb-1/be (am/is/are)
1. Simple present tense
Contoh kalimat:

 We agree with the speaker’s opinion.

(Kami setuju dengan opini pembicara.)
 She is so beautiful.
(Dia sangat cantik.

Present continuous tense to talk about current actions or

plans for the future.

Rumus:

S + am/is/are + present participle (-ing)

2. Present continuous tense Contoh kalimat:

 I’m driving a car to Bandung now.

(Saya sedang menyetir mobil ke Bandung
sekarang.)
 The buses are arriving in an hour.
(Bus-bus tersebut tiba dalam satu jam.)

Present perfect tense is used to express an activity or

situation that has begun in the past and has been
completed at a certain point of time in the past or
continues until now.

Rumus:

S + have/has + past participle (verb-3)

3. Present perfect tense
Contoh kalimat:

 I’ve read this book.

(Saya sudah membaca buku ini.)
 I have lived in Cilegon for 3 months.
(Saya telah tinggal di Cilegon selama 3 bulan.)

4. Present perfect Present perfect continuous tense to reveal an action that

continuous tense was completed at a point in the past or an action that has
 begun in the past and continues today. Usually these
actions have a certain duration and have relevance to the
present conditions.

Rumus:

S + have/has + been + present participle (-ing)

Contoh kalimat:

 The toddlers have been playing a ball for an

hour.
(Balita-balita itu telah bermain bola selama satu
jam.)
 The construction labors are thirsty since
they have been removing the scaffoldings.
(Pekerja konstruksi haus karena mereka telah
memindahkan perancah.)

Past Tense

Simple past tense to show that an event happened in the past.

Rumus:

S + verb-2/be (was/were)

Contoh kalimat:
5. Simple past tense
 The party started at 10.00 a.m.
(Pesta dimulai jam 10 pagi.)
 I was really busy yesterday.
(Saya benar-benar sibuk kemarin.)

Past continuous tense is used to express that an action is

happening at a certain time in the past.

Rumus:
6. Past continuous
tense S + was/were + present participle (-ing)

Contoh kalimat:

The team was playing basketball all day yesterday.

 (Tim bermain basket sepanjang hari kemarin.)

Past perfect tense to state that an action has been completed at a

point in the past before another action takes place.

Rumus:

S + had + past participle (verb-3)

7. Past perfect tense
Contoh kalimat:

When he came last night, the cake had run out.

(Ketika dia datang semalam, kue sudah habis.)

Past perfect continuous tense is used to express an action (with a

certain duration of time) has been completed at a certain point in
time in the past.

Rumus:

S + had + been + present participle (-ing)

8. Past perfect
continuous tense Contoh kalimat:

The labors had been demonstrating for an hour when the

manager came.
(Pekerja telah berdemonstrasi selama satu jam ketika manager
datang.)

Future Tense

Simple future tense to declare that an action occurs in the future,

spontaneously or planned.

Rumus:

 S + will + bare infinitive

 S + be (is/am/are) + going to + bare infinitive)
9. Simple future tense
Contoh kalimat:


o You will win the game.
(Kamu akan memenangkan permainan tersebut.)
o I am going to meet him tomorrow.
 (Saya akan menemuinya besok.)

Future continuous tense to express action that will be happening

at a certain time in the future.

Rumus:

S + will + be + present participle (-ing)

10. Future continuous
tense
Contoh kalimat:

He will be sleeping at 10 p.m.

(Dia akan sedang tidur pada jam 10 malam.)

Future perfect tense to express that an activity will have been

completed at a point in time in the future.

Rumus:

S + will + have + past participle (verb-3)

11. Future perfect
tense Contoh kalimat:

At this time next month, I’ll have finished my English course.

(Pada waktu yang sama bulan depan, saya akan telah
menyelesaikan kursus bahasa Inggris.)

Future perfect continuous tense to reveal that an action will have

been going on for a long time at a certain point in the future.

Rumus:

S + will + have + been + present participle (-ing)

12. Future perfect
continuous tense
Contoh kalimat:

I will have been sleeping long when you get home.

(Saya akan telah lama tidur ketika kamu pulang ke rumah.)
Past Future Tense

Simple past future tense to declare an action to be carried out,

make predictions, and make future promises in the past.

Rumus:

S + would + bare infinitive

13. Simple past
Future tense
Contoh kalimat:

He would forgive you.

(Dia akan memaafkanmu.)

Past future continuous tense is a form of verb to express an

ongoing action or imaginary situation if the unreal condition is
fulfilled (present continuous conditional ~ conditional sentence
type 2 with continuous tense).

Rumus:

S + would + be + present participle (-ing)

14. Past future
continuous tense Contoh kalimat:

I would be attending the conference if I was in Jakarta.

(Saya akan sedang menghadiri konferensi tersebut jika saya ada di
Jakarta.)

Fakta:

but I’m not in Jakarta (tapi saya tidak di Jakarta)

Past future perfect tense to discuss an action that did not occur in
the past (conditional sentence type 3).

Rumus:

S + would + have + past participle (verb-3)

15. Past future
Contoh kalimat:
perfect tense
If you had saved your jewelry and foreign currency in a safety
deposit box, they wouldn’t have gone.
(Jika kamu telah menyimpan perhiasan dan mata uang asingmu
di safety deposit box, mereka tidak akan hilang.)
 Past future perfect continuous tense is a form of verb to express an
action or an imaginary situation taking place at a certain point or
during a certain period in the past (perfect continuous conditional ~
conditional type 3 with continuous).

Rumus:

16. Past S + would + have + been + present participle (-ing)

future perfect
continuous tense Contoh kalimat:

If his Visa had been approved, he would have been working

abroad for a week.
(Jika visa dia telah disetujui, dia akan telah bekerja selama
seminggu.)

Fakta:

but his Visa wasn’t approved (tapi Visa-nya tidak disetujui)