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Sample Calculation For Differential Relays 170330122259 PDF
Sample Calculation For Differential Relays 170330122259 PDF
Required Data
MVA
Voltage Ratio
Vector Group
Minimum Tap = - %
Maximum Tap = +%
Relay current on LV side I2 = Current on CT secondary LV side / Ratio compensation for LV side
Relay Current for HV side I1= Current on Ct secondary (HV)/ Ratio compensation for HV side
Differential current I dif and Ibias is calculated foe extreme Transformer taps
If Ibias < 2
= Is + m1* I bias
If Ibias > 2
Pick up setting is chosen such that the Differential current at worst tap condition should not be more than
90% of operating current for better stability
MVA = 100
Voltage Ratio = 220/132/11
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*10^3)
=262.4319 A
= 262.4319/300
=0.875 A
= 1.143 A
=100*10^6/ (√3*132*10^3)
=437.38 A
Current on CT Secondary (LV) = Rated Current (LV Side)/CT Ratio
=437.38 /500
= 0.875 A
=1.143 A
Full load Current for 220 kV %( HV Side) Winding at -15% = MVA / (√3*0.9*kV)
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*0.85*10^3)
=308.743 A
= 308.743 /300
=1.029 A
As the adopted ratio correction is 1.143 A the current to relay bias terminal
= 1.029 * 1.43
=1.176 A
= 0. 176 A
= (1.176+1)/2
= 1.088 A
[Since the bias current is less than 1.5 A the slope will be within 30%]
= 0.526 A
Differential current at worst tap condition should not be more than 90% of operating current for better
stability. Here it s less than 90% so the setting is acceptable.
Full load Current for 220 kV %( HV Side) Winding at +10% = MVA / (√3*1.15*kV)
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*1.10*10^3)
=238.54A
= 238.54 /300
=0.795 A
As the adopted ratio correction is 1.143 A the current to relay bias terminal
= 0.795* 1.143
=0.909A
= 0.091 A
= (0.909 +1)/2
= 0.955 A
[Since the bias current is less than 1.5 A the slope will be within 30%]
= 0.48 A
Differential current at worst tap condition should not be more than 90% of operating current for better
stability. Here it s less than 90% so the setting is acceptable.
Data Required
MVA Rating
Voltage ratio
Vector group
CT ratio on HV Side
CT ratio on LV Side
Transformer Tap
At Normal tap
If CT is Star/Star
Current on CT Secondary (HV) = Rated Current (HV Side) / CT Ratio (HV Side)
The same procedure is followed for getting the relay current on LV side also.
Idiff = Relay Current = Difference between the HV and LV Current (Current at the secondary of ICT’s)
To make sure that the relay does not operate when the Transformer taps are changed the currents are
calculated at extreme taps.
At Tap on -%
At Tap on +%
Currents at the CT Secondary and ICT Secondary are calculated by using the above procedure. For
extreme +ve and extreme –ve tap.
Relay current I1= the difference between the HV and LV Currents for extreme +ive tap.
I2= The difference between the HV and LV Currents for extreme +ve tap.
MBCH has an adjustable basic threshold setting of 10% to 50% current I selectable in 10% steps.
I Operating 1A = Pickup setting + 0.20 * Bias Current less than 1A +0.8*current above 1A
I Difference = I1- I2
The pick up setting is acceptable if the I operating is less than the bias current at extreme taps.
MVA = 50
= 131.22 A
=50*10^6/ (√3*132*10^3)
= 218.6 A
= 131.22/150
= 0.87 A
=218.6/300
= 0.73 A
(HV Side))
=√3*(0.87/0.58)
=1.01
(LV Side))
=√3*(0.73/0.58)
=1.00
Difference between HV side and LV side currents = Current on ICT Secondary (HV) -
= 1.01-1.00
=0.01 A
Full load Current for 220 kV %( HV Side) Winding at -12% = MVA / (√3*0.88*kV)
=50*10^6/ (√3*220*0.88*10^3)
= 149.11 A
= 149.11 /150
=0.99 A
Current on ICT Secondary (HV) = √3*(Current on CT Secondary (HV)/ Interposing CT (HV Side))
=√3*(0.99 /(0.87/0.58))
=1.15 A
Difference between HV side and LV side currents = Current on ICT Secondary (HV) - Current on ICT
Secondary (LV)
= 1.15 – 1.00
= 0.15 A
I bias = (I1+I2)/2
= (1.00 + 1.15)/2
=1.075 A
=0. 36A
At tap of -12% with full load the relay require a current of 0.36 A at Is = 0.1
Since I1-I2 = 0.15 which is less than relay operating value, relay will not operate.
Full load Current for 220 kV %( HV Side) Winding at +5% = MVA / (√3*1.05*kV)
=50*10^6/ (√3*220*1.05*10^3)
=124.97 A
= 124.97 /150
=0.83 A
Current on ICT Secondary (HV) = √3*(Current on CT Secondary (HV)/ Interposing CT (HV Side))
=√3*(0.83 /(0.87/0.58))
=0.96 A
Difference between HV side and LV side currents = Current on ICT Secondary (HV) -
= 1.00-0.96
= 0.04 A
I bias = (I1+I2)/2
= (0.96+1.00)/2
=0.98 A
= 0.1 + 0.196
= 0.296 A
At tap of +5% with full load the relay require a current of 0.29 A at Is = 0.1
Since I1-I2 = 0.04 which is less than relay operating value, relay will not operate.
Data Required
MVA Rating
Voltage ratio
Vector group
HV voltage
LV voltage
LV side
At Normal tap
Current on CT Secondary Ict (HV) = Rated Current (HV Side) / CT Ratio (HV Side)
Current on CT Secondary Ict (LV) = Rated Current (LV Side) / CT Ratio (LV Side)
At -% Tap
Current on CT Secondary Ict (HV) = Rated Current (HV Side) / CT Ratio (HV Side)
At Tap on +%
Current on CT Secondary Ict (HV) = Rated Current (HV Side) / CT Ratio (HV Side)
Ibias = IHV+ILV /2
Operating current of Relay
I Operating = Pickup setting + 0.20 * Bias Current less than 1A +0.8*current above 1A
For extreme taps the Idiff and Ibias current are calculated., the pick up setting is chosen such that it will
not operate for extreme taps
MVA = 100
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*10^3)
=262.43 A
= 262.43/400
=0.66 A
=1.52
=100*10^6/ (√3*132*10^3)
=437.39 A
=437.39/600
= 0.73 A
=1.37 A
Full load Current for 400 kV %( HV Side) Winding at -15% = MVA / (√3*0.85*kV)
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*0.85*10^3)
=308.74 A
= 308.74 /400
= 0.77 A
As the adopted ratio correction is 1.52 A the current to relay bias terminal
= 0.77 * 1.52
=1.18 A
= 0.18 A
= (1.18+1)/2
= 1.09 A
[Since the bias current is less than 1.5 A the slope will be within 20%]
= 0.37 A
Differential current at worst tap condition should not be more than 90% of operating current for better
stability. Here it is less than 90% so the setting is acceptable.
Full load Current for 220 kV %( HV Side) Winding at +10% = MVA / (√3*1.1*kV)
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*1.1*10^3)
= 237.26 A
= 238.57 /400
= 0.60 A
As the adopted ratio correction is 1.52 A the current to relay bias terminal
= 0.60 * 1.52
= 0.82 A
= 0.18 A
= (0.82 +1)/2
= 0.91 A
[Since the bias current is less than 1.5 A the slope will be within 20%]
= 0.28 A
Differential current at worst tap condition should not be more than 90% of operating current for better
stability. Here it is less than 90% so the setting is acceptable.
2.4 Procedure for Relay Setting of Transformer Differential Relay DTH 31/32
Data Required
MVA Rating
Voltage ratio
Vector group
CT ratio on HV Side
CT ratio on LV Side
Transformer Tap
If CT is Star/Star
Current on CT Secondary (HV) = Rated Current (HV Side) / CT Ratio (HV Side)
Current on the secondary of ICT for Star/Star = Current on CT Secondary (HV Side) / ICT Ratio (HV
Side)
For Star/Delta the current shall be multiplied by 3.
The same procedure is followed for getting the relay current on LV side also.
Idiff = Relay Current = Difference between the HV and LV Current (Current at the secondary of ICT’s)
To make sure that the relay does not operate when the Transformer taps are changed the currents are
calculated at extreme taps.
At Tap on -%
At Tap on +%
Currents at the CT Secondary and ICT Secondary are calculated by using the above procedure. For
extreme +ive and extreme –ive tap.
Relay current I1= The difference between the HV and LV Currents for extreme +ive tap.
I2= The difference between the HV and LV Currents for extreme +ive tap.
DTH 31 relay has a fixed pick up setting and variable single slope bias setting.
I Difference 1A = I1- I2
I Operating 2A.
I Difference 2A = I1 – I2.
I Operating 3A.
I difference 3A = I1 – I2.
If the above is true a setting of 0.15 for bias is selected. In case the above is not true. Similar calculation is
carried out for the next Bias Setting.
MVA = 100
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*10^3)
=262.4319 A
=100*10^6/ (√3*132*10^3)
=437.39 A
= 262.4319/300
=0.874 A
= 0.728 A
= 7.3/5
(HV Side))
=√3*(0.656/1.128)
=1.03 A
(LV Side))
=√3*(0.728/1.261)
= 0.99 A
Difference between HV side and LV side currents = Current on ICT Secondary (HV) –
= 1.03 – .99
=0.04
Calculations for OLTC tap setting -15%
Full load Current for 220 kV %( HV Side) Winding at -10% = MVA / (√3*0.85*kV)
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*0.85*10^3)
=308.743 A
= 308.74 /300
=1.029 A
Side))
=√3*1.029=1.22 A
Difference between HV side and LV side currents = Current on ICT Secondary (HV) -
= 1.22- 1.00
= 0.22 A
Ibias = ( I1 + I2 ) /2
= ( 1.22+ 1 ) /2
= 1.11 A
= 0.15 +0.15*1.11
= 0.3165 A
Full load Current for 220 kV %( HV Side) Winding at +15% = MVA / (√3*1.10*kV)
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*1.10*10^3)
= 238.57A
= 228.20 /300
= 0.795 A
Side))
=0.9434
Difference between HV side and LV side currents = Current on ICT Secondary (HV) -
=1- 0.9434
= 0.056 A
= (1+0.9434)/2 A =0 .97 A
=0.29 A
At tap of -10% with full load the relay require a current 0.47 A at Is = 0.30.
Since I1-I2 = 0.056 which is less than the operating value, relay will not operate.
Required Data
MVA
Voltage Ratio
Vector Group
Minimum Tap = - %
Maximum Tap = +%
Relay current on LV side I2 = Current on CT secondary LV side / Ratio compensation for LV side
Relay Current for HV side I1= Current on Ct secondary (HV)/ Ratio compensation for HV side
Differential current I dif and Ibias is calculated foe extreme Transformer taps
= Is + m1* I bias for current less than (4.Iref) + m2* Ibias for current greater than (4 Iref)
Pick up setting is chosen such that the Differential current at worst tap condition should not be more than
90% of operating current for better stability..
MVA = 315
=315*10^6/ (√3*400*10^3)
=454.66 A
= 454.66/1000
=0.454 A
= 2.199 A
=826.66 A
=826.66/1000
= 0.826 A
=1.209 A
Full load Current for 220 kV %( HV Side) Winding at -15% = MVA / (√3*0.85*kV)
=315*10^6/ (√3*400*0.85*10^3)
=534.89 A
= 534.89 /1000
=0.534 A
=√3*0.534/2.199
=0.421 A
= 0. 762 A
= 0.802 A
[Since the bias current is less than 1.5 A the slope will be within 40%]
= 1.25 A
Differential current at worst tap condition should not be more than 90% of operating current for better
stability. Here it s less than 90% so the setting is acceptable.
Full load Current for 220 kV %( HV Side) Winding at +10% = MVA / (√3*1.1*kV)
=315*10^6/ (√3*400*1.1*10^3)
=413.33 A
= 413.33 /1000
=0.413 A
=0.325
= (0.325+1.183)/2
= 0.754 A
= 0.858 A
[Since the bias current is less than 1.5 A the slope will be within 30%]
= 1.01 A
The operating value is larger than the differential value hence the system is Stable for the MAX tap
condition.
MVA = 315
=315*10^6/ (√3*400*10^3)
=454.66 A
=454.66/0.1198
=3795.15 A
= 3.795 A
=26.57V
Rstab = 250Ω
Stabilizing resistance value (Rstab) to be set as per the operating voltage range given in the technical
reference manual table provided by the manufacturer.
2.6 Procedure for Relay setting of Transformer Differential Relay ABB RADSB
Data Required
MVA Rating
Voltage ratio
Vector group
CT ratio on HV Side
CT ratio on LV Side
Transformer Tap
Calculation
(HV Side))
(LV Side))
Difference between HV side and LV side currents = Current on ICT Secondary (HV) –
(HVSide))
Difference between HV side and LV side currents = Current on ICT Secondary (HV) -
CT (HVSide))
Difference between HV side and LV side currents = Current on ICT Secondary (HV) -
Relay setting range available : Operating value can be Settable 20, 25, 35, or 50% of In
Id = (I1-I2)
Ibias = ( I1+I2)/2
MVA = 100
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*10^3)
=262.4319 A
=100*10^6/ (√3*132*10^3)
= 437.39A
= 262.4319/(300/5)
= 4.37 A
=437.39/(600/5)
= 3.64 A
= 1.517
=1.263
Current on ICT Secondary (HV) = (Current on CT Secondary (HV)*Interposing CT
(HV Side))
=4.37/(4.37 /2.88)
= 2.88 A
(LV Side))
=3.64/(3.64/1.263)
=2.88 A
Difference between HV side and LV side currents = Current on ICT Secondary (HV) –
= 4.9891 – 4.9916
= 0.0019606708 A
Full load Current for 220 kV %( HV Side) Winding at -15% = MVA / (√3*0.85*kV)
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*0.85*10^3)
=308.74 A
= 308.74/(300/5)
=5.15 A
Current on ICT Secondary (HV) = (Current on CT Secondary (HV)/ Interposing CT (HV side )
=5.15/(4.862 /1.517)
=3.39 A
Current on ICT Secondary (LV) =(Current on CT Secondary (HV)/ Interposing CT (HV side)
= 2.88 A
Difference between HV side and LV side currents = Current on ICT Secondary (HV) -
= 3.39-2.88
= 0.51 A
Full load Current for 220 kV %( HV Side) Winding at +10% = MVA / (√3*1.1*kV)
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*1.1*10^3)
= 238.57 A
= 238.57 /(300/5)
=3.98 A
Side))
=3.98/(3.954 / 1.517)
=2.62 A
Current on ICT Secondary (LV) = 2.88
Difference between HV side and LV side currents = Current on ICT Secondary (HV) -
= 2.88-2.62
= 0.26
I bias =( I1+I2) /2
= ( 2.88+2.62) /2 = 2.75 A
Data Required
MVA Rating
Voltage ratio
Vector group
HV voltage
LV voltage
LV side
At Normal tap
Current on CT Secondary Ict (HV) = Rated Current (HV Side) / CT Ratio (HV Side)
Current on CT Secondary Ict (LV) = Rated Current (LV Side) / CT Ratio (LV Side)
At -% Tap
At Tap on +%
Current on CT Secondary Ict (HV) = Rated Current (HV Side) / CT Ratio (HV Side)
Ibias = IHV+ILV
Operating current of Relay
I Operating = Pickup setting + 0.3 * Bias Current for Bias current less than Break Point
I Operating = Pickup setting + 0.3 * Bias Current + 0.8 (Bias current – Break point) for Bias current greater
than Break point.
For extreme taps the Idiff and Ibias current are calculated., the pick up setting is chosen such that it will
not operate for extreme taps.
Break Point = 2
Slope1 = 0.3
Slope 2= 0.8
MVA = 100
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*10^3)
=262.43 A
= 262.43/400
=0.66 A
Required Ratio Compensation = 1/ 0.66
=1.52
=100*10^6/ (√3*132*10^3)
=437.39 A
=437.39/500
= 0.874 A
=1.143 A
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*10^3)
= 262.43 A
= 262.43 /400
= 0.656 A
As the adopted ratio correction is 1.52 A the current to relay bias terminal
= 0.656 * 1.52
Compensated current internally = 0.9972 A
= 0.0027A
= (0.9972, 1)
=1A
[Since the bias current is less than Break point (2) the slope will be within 30%]
= 0.549 A
Differential current at worst tap condition should not be more than 90% of operating current for better
stability. Here it is less than 90% so the setting is acceptable.
Full load Current for 400 kV %( HV Side) Winding at -15% = MVA / (√3*0.85*kV)
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*0.85*10^3)
= 308.74 A
= 308.74 /400
= 0.772 A
= 0.772 * 1.33
Compensated current internally =1.029 A
= 0.15 A
= 1.029 A
[Since the bias current is less than Break point (2) the slope will be within 25%]
= 0.558 A
Differential current at worst tap condition should not be more than 90% of operating current for better
stability. Here it is less than 90% so the setting is acceptable.
Full load Current for 220 kV %( HV Side) Winding at +10% = MVA / (√3*1.1*kV)
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*1.1*10^3)
= 238.57A
= 238.57 /400
= 0.5964 A
As the adopted ratio correction is 1.52 A the current to relay bias terminal
= 0.596 * 1.52
Compensated current internally = 0.905 A
= 0.095 A
= Maximum of (0.905, 1)
=1A
[Since the bias current is less than Break point (2) the slope will be within 30%]
= 0.25 + (0.3 * 1)
= 0.55 A
Differential current at worst tap condition should not be more than 90% of operating current for better
stability. Here it is less than 90% so the setting is acceptable.
2.8 Procedure for Relay Setting of Transformer Differential Relay CSC326
Data Required
MVA Rating
Voltage ratio
Vector group
HV voltage
LV voltage
LV side
At Normal tap
Current on CT Secondary Ict (HV) = Rated Current (HV Side) / CT Ratio (HV Side)
Current on CT Secondary Ict (LV) = Rated Current (LV Side) / CT Ratio (LV Side)
At -% Tap
At Tap on +%
Current on CT Secondary Ict (HV) = Rated Current (HV Side) / CT Ratio (HV Side)
Ibias = IHV+ILV
Operating current of Relay
I Operating = Pickup setting + (0.3 * Bias Current -0.656) if greater than 0.656
For extreme taps the Idiff and Ibias current are calculated., the pick up setting is chosen such that it will
not operate for extreme taps.
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*10^3)
=262.43 A
= 262.43/400
=0.66 A
=1.52
=100*10^6/ (√3*132*10^3)
=437.39 A
Current on CT Secondary (LV) = Rated Current (LV Side)/CT Ratio
=437.39/500
= 0.8747 A
= 1.143 A
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*10^3*)
= 262.43 A
= 262.43 /400
= 0.656 A
As the adopted ratio correction is 1.52 A the current to relay bias terminal
= 0.656 * 1.52
= 0.997 A
=100*10^6/ (√3*132*10^3)
=437.39 A
Current on CT Secondary (LV) = Rated Current (LV Side)/CT Ratio
=437.39/500
= 0.8747 A
= 1.143 A
= 0.9993
= 0.002 A
= (0.656+0.8747)/2
= 0.765 A
[Since the bias current is less than 4 A and greater than 0.656 the slope will be within 30%]
= 0.232 A
Differential current at worst tap condition should not be more than 90% of operating current for better
stability. Here it is less than 90% so the setting is acceptable.
Calculations for OLTC tap setting -15%
Full load Current for 400 kV %( HV Side) Winding at -15% = MVA / (√3*0.85*kV)
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*0.85*10^3)
= 308.74 A
= 308.74 /400
= 0.772 A
As the adopted ratio correction is 1.52 A the current to relay bias terminal
= 0.772 * 1.52
= 1.18 A
= 0.18 A
= (1.18+1)/2
= 1.09 A
[Since the bias current is less than 4 A and greater than 0.656 the slope will be within 30%]
= 0.33 A
Differential current at worst tap condition should not be more than 90% of operating current for better
stability. Here it is less than 90% so the setting is acceptable.
Calculations for OLTC tap setting +10%
Full load Current for 220 kV %( HV Side) Winding at +10% = MVA / (√3*1.1*kV)
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*1.1*10^3)
= 238.5 A
= 238.574 /400
= 0.596 A
= 0.596 * 1.52
= (0.905 +1)/2
= 0.952 A
[Since the bias current is less than 4 A and greater than 0.656 the slope will be within 30%]
= 0.288 A
Differential current at worst tap condition should not be more than 90% of operating current for better
stability. Here it is less than 90% so the setting is acceptable
Data Required
MVA Rating
Voltage ratio
Vector group
HV voltage
LV voltage
LV side
At Normal tap
Current on CT Secondary Ict (HV) = Rated Current (HV Side) / CT Ratio (HV Side)
Current on CT Secondary Ict (LV) = Rated Current (LV Side) / CT Ratio (LV Side)
At -% Tap
At Tap on +%
Current on CT Secondary Ict (HV) = Rated Current (HV Side) / CT Ratio (HV Side)
Ibias = IHV+ILV
Operating current of Relay
I Operating = Pickup setting + (0.3 * Bias Current -0.656) if greater than 0.656
For extreme taps the Idiff and Ibias current are calculated., the pick up setting is chosen such that it will
not operate for extreme taps.
MVA = 100
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*10^3)
=262.43 A
Current on CT Secondary (HV) = Rated Current (HV Side)/CT Ratio
= 262.43/400
=0.66 A
=1.52
=100*10^6/ (√3*132*10^3)
=437.39 A
=437.39/500
= 0.8747 A
= 1.143 A
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*10^3*)
= 262.43 A
= 262.43 /400
= 0.656 A
As the adopted ratio correction is 1.52 A the current to relay bias terminal
= 0.656 * 1.52* √3
= 1.727 A
=100*10^6/ (√3*132*10^3)
=437.39 A
=437.39/500
= 0.8747 A
= 1.143 A
=1
=0A
= (1+1)/2
=1A
[Since the bias current is less than 4 A and greater than 0.656 the slope will be within 30%]
= 0.2 + (0.3*1)
= 0.5A
Calculations for OLTC tap setting -15%
Full load Current for 400 kV %( HV Side) Winding at -15% = MVA / (√3*0.85*kV)
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*0.85*10^3)
= 308.743 A
= 308.743 /400
= 0.771 A
As the adopted ratio correction is 1.52 A the current to relay bias terminal
= 0.771 * 1.52
= 0.888 A
=100*10^6/ (√3*132*10^3)
=437.39 A
=437.39/500
= 0.8747 A
= 1.143 A
= 0.12 A
= (0.888+1)/2
= 0.944 A
[Since the bias current is less than 4 A and greater than 0.656 the slope will be within 30%]
= 0.284 A
Differential current at worst tap condition should not be more than 90% of operating current for better
stability. Here it is less than 90% so the setting is acceptable.
Full load Current for 220 kV %( HV Side) Winding at +10% = MVA / (√3*1.1*kV)
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*1.1*10^3)
= 238.5 A
= 238.5 /400
= 0.56 A
= 0.56 * 1.52
=1A
= 0.1488 A
= (1 +0.1488)/2
= 0.574 A
[Since the bias current is less than 0.656 the slope will be zero.
= 0.2 + (0.3*(0.574))
= 0.2A
Differential current at worst tap condition should not be more than 90% of operating current for better
stability. Here it is less than 90% so the setting is acceptable.
2.10 Procedure for Relay Setting of Transformer Differential Relay
7UT61X/7UT51X
Data Required
MVA Rating
Voltage ratio
Vector group
HV voltage
LV voltage
LV side
At Normal tap
Current on CT Secondary Ict (HV) = Rated Current (HV Side) / CT Ratio (HV Side)
Current on CT Secondary Ict (LV) = Rated Current (LV Side) / CT Ratio (LV Side)
At -% Tap
At Tap on +%
Current on CT Secondary Ict (HV) = Rated Current (HV Side) / CT Ratio (HV Side)
Ibias = IHV+ILV
I Operating = Pickup setting + 0.25 * Bias Current + 0.5 ( Bias current above 2.5 A )
For extreme taps the Idiff and Ibias current are calculated., the pick up setting is chosen such that it will
not operate for extreme taps
MVA = 100
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*10^3)
=262.43 A
= 262.43/400
=0.66 A
=1.52
=100*10^6/ (√3*132*10^3)
=437.39 A
=437.39/500
= 0.73 A
=1.14 A
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*0.85*10^3)
= 308.74 A
= 308.74 /400
= 0.77 A
As the adopted ratio correction is 1.52 A the current to relay bias terminal
= 0.77 * 1.52
= 0.18 A
= (1.18 +1)
= 2.18 A
[Since the bias current is less than 2.5 A the slope will be within 25%]
= 0.74 A
Differential current at w tap condition should not be more than 90% of operating current for better
stability. Here it is less than 90% so the setting is acceptable.
Full load Current for 220 kV %( HV Side) Winding at +10% = MVA / (√3*1.1*kV)
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*1.1*10^3)
= 238.5 A
= 238.5 /400
= 0.60 A
As the adopted ratio correction is 1.52 A the current to relay bias terminal
= 0.60 * 1.14
= 0.32 A
= (0.68 +1)
= 1.68 A
[Since the bias current is less than 2.5 A the slope will be within 25%]
= 0.62 A
Differential current at worst tap condition should not be more than 90% of operating current for better
stability. Here it is less than 90% so the setting is acceptable.
2.11 Differential Relay Settings Calculations GE SR745
Required Data
MVA
Voltage Ratio
Vector Group
Minimum Tap = - %
Maximum Tap = +%
Break point
Relay current on LV side I2 = Current on CT secondary LV side * Ratio compensation for LV side
Relay Current for HV side I1= Current on Ct secondary (HV)* Ratio compensation for HV side
= Is + Slope1* I bias for I bias current less than Break point And Is + Slope1*Break point + Slope2* (Ibias-
Break point) for I biascurrent greater than Break point.
Pick up setting is chosen such that the Differential current at worst tap condition should not be more than
90% of operating current for better stability.
Sample Calculation of GE SR 745
MVA = 100
Break point=2
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*10^3)
=262.4319 A
= 262.4319/400
=0.65607 A
= 1.5242 A
=100*10^6/ (√3*132*10^3)
=437.38 A
=437.38 /500
= 0.875 A
=1.143 A
As the adopted ratio correction is 1.143 A the current to relay bias terminal
= 0.875 * 1.143
I1=1 A
Full load Current for 220 kV %( HV Side) Winding at -15% = MVA / (√3*0.85*kV)
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*0.85*10^3)
=308.743 A
=0.7719 A
As the adopted ratio correction is 1.5242 A the current to relay bias terminal
= 0.7719 * 1.5242
I2=1.176 A
= 0. 176 A
= (1.176,1)
= 1.176 A
[Since the bias current is less than Break point the slope will be within 25%]
= 0.494 A
Differential current at worst tap condition should not be more than 90% of operating current for better
stability. Here it s less than 90% so the setting is acceptable.
Full load Current for 220 kV %( HV Side) Winding at +10% = MVA / (√3*1.15*kV)
=100*10^6/ (√3*220*1.1*10^3)
=238.574A
= 238.574 /400
=0.5964 A
As the adopted ratio correction is 1.5242 A the current to relay bias terminal
= 0.5964* 1.5242
I2=0.909 A
= 0.091 A
= (1, 0.909)
=1A
[Since the bias current is less than Break point the slope will be within 25%]
= 0.2 + (0.25 * 1)
= 0.45 A
Differential current at worst tap condition should not be more than 90% of operating current for better
stability. Here it s less than 90% so the setting is acceptable.