Maths 12TH Q & A em PDF

MATHS QUESTION & ANSWER BOOKLET
12th Std (E/M)

Prepared under the guidance of our respectable CEO of Tiruvallur
District
Guided by Mrs.R.Thiruvalarselvi
Chief educational officer
Tiruvallur District
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DEO (I/C)
Ponneri Educational district
&
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DI,Ponneri Educational district
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GUMMIDIPOONDI
MATHS/12TH /CEO TIRUVALLUR/EM

MATHS/12TH /CEO TIRUVALLUR/EM
1. APPLICATION OF 4 0
=[ ]
MATRICES AND 0 4
DETERMINANTS 1 0
|A|I2 = 4 [ ]
0 1
I. 2 MARK
Therefore A(adj A) = (adj A) A = |A| I2
−𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 is verified.
1.If adj A = [ 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐] , find A-1
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 3. Find the rank of the following
Solution: matrices by the row reduction method
𝟑 −𝟖 𝟓 𝟐
−1 2 2 [ 𝟐 −𝟓 𝟏 𝟒 ]
Adj(A) = [1 1 2] −𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 −𝟐
2 2 1
Solution:
-1 1
A =± adj(A)
√|𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐴)| 3 −8 5 2
A = [ 2 −5 1 4]
−1 2 2 −1 2 3 −2
Therefore |adj A| =| 1 1 2|
2 2 1 −1 2 3 −2
~[ 2 −5 1 4 ] 𝑅1 < −> 𝑅3
= -1[1-4] -2[1-4]+2[2-2] 3 −8 5 2
= -1[-3] -2[-3] +2[0] −1 2 3 −2
~[ 2 5 1 4 ] 𝑅1 −> (_𝑅1 )
= 3+6 = 9 3 −8 5 2
−1 2 2 1 −2 −3 2 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 -2𝑅1
1
A-1 = ± 9 [ 1 1 2] [
~ 0 −1 7 0]
2 2 1 0 −2 −14 −4 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 -3𝑅1
−1 2 2 1 −2 −3 2
1
= ±3[ 1 1 2] ~ [0 −1 7 0 ] 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 -2𝑅2
2 2 1 0 0 0 −4
𝟖 −𝟒 :: P(A) = 3
2. If A=[ ], verify that
−𝟓 𝟑
4. Solve the following system of linear
A(adjA) = (adj A)A =|A| I2
equations by matrix inversion method
Solution: 2x+5y = -2, x+2y = -3.
8 −4 3 4 Solution:
A= [ ] ; adj A = [ ]
−5 3 5 8
2x+5y = -2, x+2y = -3
=|A| = 24-20 =4 ≠ 0
5] [𝑥 ] −2]
[2 =[
A(adj A) = [
8 −4 3
] [
4
] 1 2 𝑦 −3
−5 3 5 8
A× =B
24 − 20 32 − 32
=[ ]
−15 + 15 −20 + 24 × = 𝐴−1 B
pg. 1 MATHS/12TH /CEO TIRUVALLUR/EM

2 5] II. 3 MARKS.
𝐴= [
1 2
2 −5] 1. Find a matrix A if adj
Adj A =[
−1 2 𝟕 𝟕 −𝟕
|𝐴| = 4 – 5 = -1 (A) = [−𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟕 ]
1 𝟏𝟏 𝟓 𝟕
𝐴−1 = |𝐴| adj(A)
2 −5] −2
1 5] Sol.
= −1 [ =[
−1 2 1 −2
X = 𝐴−1 B 7 7 −7
−2 5 ] [−2] adj (A) = [−1 11 7 ]
=[ 11 5 7
1 −2 −3
4 −15] 7 7 −7
=[ |adj (A)| = [−1 11 7 ]
−2 6
𝑥 −11 11 5 7
[𝑦]= [ ]
4
= 7(77 -35) -7 (-7 -77) -7(-5 -121)
= 7 (42) -7 (-84) -7(-126)

5. Solve the following systems of linear
𝟑
equation by Cramer’s rule 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐, = 294 + 588 + 882 = 1764
𝟐
+ 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟏𝟑. 1
𝒙 A=± adj (adj (A))
√|𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐴)|
Solution: 1
=±
3 2 √1764
+ 2𝑦 = 12, 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 13. +(77 − 35) −7 (−7 − 77) (−5 − 121)
𝑥
^
| −(49 + 35) +(49 + 77) −(35 − 77) |
1 +(49 + 77) −(49 − 7) +(77 + 7)
Let a = , 3a + 2y = 12
𝑥 T
2a + 3y = 13
42 84 −126
1
3 2 = ± 42 [−84 126 42 ] ^ T
𝛥=| |=9–4=5≠0 126 −42 84
2 3
12 2 1 −2 3
Δa = | | = 36 – 26 = 10 A = ± [2 3 −1]
13 3
3 1 2
3 12
Δy = | |= 39 – 24 = 15 −𝟖 𝟏 𝟒
2 13 𝟏
2. If A = [−𝟒 𝟒 𝟕] prove that
𝟗
Δa 10
a= = =2 𝟏 −𝟖 𝟒
𝛥 5
𝑨−𝟏 = 𝑨𝑻
1 1
x=𝑎=2 Sol.
Δy 15 −8 1 4
y= = =3 1
𝛥 5
A = 9 [−4 4 7]
1 1 −8 4
:: The solution is (x,y) = (2 , 3)
−8 1 4
𝑇 1
𝐴 =9[ 1 4 −8]
4 7 4

−8 1 4 −8 4 1 III. 5 MARKS.
1 1
𝐴𝐴−1 =9 [−4 4 7] 9 [ 1 4 −8]
𝟑 𝟒 𝟐 𝟏
1 −8 4 4 7 4 1. 𝒙 − − − 𝟏 = 𝟎, +
𝒚 𝒛 𝒙
= 𝟐 𝟏
+ − 𝟐 = 𝟎,
64 + 1 + 16 −32 + 4 + 28 −8 − 8 + 16 𝒚 𝒛
1
[−32 + 4 + 28 16 + 16 + 49 4 − 32 + 28 ]
81
−8 − 8 + 16 4 − 32 + 28 1 + 64 + 16 𝟐 𝟓 𝟒
− − + 𝟏 = 𝟎, Solve using
𝒙 𝒚 𝒛
1
81 0 0 Cramer’s rule.
= [0 81 0 ]
81
0 0 81
Solution:
1 0 0
1 1 1
=[0 1 0] = I Let 𝑥 = 𝑎, 𝑦 = 𝑏, 𝑧 = 𝑐
0 0 1
3a-4b-2c = 1
A𝐴𝑇 =I We get
a+2b+c = 2
:: 𝐴−1 =𝐴𝑇
2a-5b-4c = -1
3). Find the inverse of the non singular
𝟎 𝟓] 3 −4 −2
matrix A = [ by the gauss Jordan Δ = |1 2 1|
−𝟏 𝟔
method. 2 −5 −4
= 3[-8+5] +4[-4-2] -2[-5-4]

Sol:
= 3[-3] +4[-6] -2[-9]
0 5]
A= [
−1 6 = -9-24+18
𝐴 0 5 1 0 = -15 ≠ 0
[𝐼 ] =[ ]
2 −1 6 0 1
1 −4 −2
Δa =|2 1|
𝑅1 < −> 𝑅2 ~ [−1 6 1 0] 2
0 5 0 1 −1 −5 −4
𝑅1 −> −𝑅1 ~ [1 −6 0 0 − 1] = 1[-8+5] +[-8+1] -2[-10+2]

0 5 1 0
= -3-28+16
0 −1
~ [1 −6
𝑅2
𝑅2 −> 5 0 1 1/5 0 ] = -15
6/5 −1 3 1 −2
𝑅1 −> 𝑅1 + 6𝑅2 ~ [1 0 ] Δb = |1 2 1|
0 1 1/5 0
2 −1 −4
6
−1 = 3[-8+1] -1[-4-2] -2[-1-4]
𝐴−1 = [51 ]
0 = -21+6+10
5
= -5
1 6 −1
= [ ]
5 1 0 3 −4 1
Δc = |1 2 2|
2 −5 −1
= 3[-2+10] +4[-1-4] +1[-5-4]

= 24-20-9 X+5y+7z = 13 → ①
= -5
17y+22z = 27 → ②
Δa −15
a= = =1 199z = 398 → ③
Δ −15
Δb −5 1
b= = =3 Z = 398/199 = 2
Δ −15
Δc −5 1 ② => 17y+22(2) = 27
c= = =3
Δ −15
 17y = 27 -44
=> x =1, y = 3, z = 3  = -17
 y = -1
2. Solve the following equations by using
Gauss Elimination method, ①=> x=5(-1)+7(2) =13
4x+3y+6z=25, x+y+7z=13, 2x+9y+z=1.
 x-5+14 =13
Solution:  x+9 =13
4 3 6 𝑥 25  x =13-9
A = [1 5 7] [𝑦] = [13]  =4
2 9 1 𝑧 1 Therefore the solution is x=4, =-1,
z=2.
4 3 6 25
[A/B] = [1 5 7] [13] 3) Investigate for what values of 𝝀 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝝁 the
2 9 1 1
system of linear equations, x+2y+z
1 5 7 13 = 7,x+y+ 𝝀z= 𝝁 ,x+3y-5z = 5 has i) no solution
R1 → R2 [4 3 6 25] ii) a unique solution iii) an infinite number of
2 9 1 1 solutions.
R2→ R2 - 4 R1
Soln:
R3→ R3 - 2 R1
Number of unknowns = 3
1 5 7 13
[0 −17 −22 − 27 ] x+2y+z = 7,x+y+ 𝜆z= 𝜇 ,x+3y-5z = 5
0 −1 −13 − 25 1 2 1 𝑥 7
R2→ R2 – (-1) [1 1 𝜆 ] [𝑦] =[𝜇 ]
1 3 −5 𝑧 5
R3→ R3 - (-1)
1 2 1 7
1 5 7 13 [𝐴/ 𝐵] =[1 1 𝜆 𝜇 ]
[0 17 22 27] 1 3 −5 5
0 1 13 25 R2 →R2-R1
R3→ 17R3 - R2
R3 →R3-R1
1 5 7 13
[0 17 22 27 ] 1 2 1 7
[1 1 𝜆−1 𝜇 − 7 ].
0 0 199 398
1 3 −5 5

R3 →R2-R3
R3→R3kR1
1 2 1 7
1 2 𝑘 1
[1 1 𝜆−1 𝜇−7 ] [0 −2𝑘 + 2 1 − 𝑘. −3 ]
1 3 𝜆−7 𝜇−9 0 −2𝑘 + 2 1−𝑘 2 1−𝑘
Case i) If −7 , 𝜇 − 9 P(A) =P(A/B) =2<3. R3→R3+ R2
Hence the given system is consistent and
has an infinite number of solutions.
1 2 𝑘 1
Case ii) If 𝜆 ≠ 7 , 𝜇 ≠ 9 P(A) =P(A/B) =3 [0 −2(1 − 𝑘 . ) 1 − 𝑘. −3 ]
2 −𝑘 − 2
0 0 2 − 𝑘−𝑘
The given system is consistent and has
only one solutions. 2-k-k2
Case iii) If 𝜆 = 7 , 𝜇 ≠ 9 P(A) =2 P(A/B) -(k2+k-2)

=3
-(k -1)(k+2)
:. P(A) ≠P(A/B) 1 −2 𝑘 1
[0 2(1 − 𝑘 . ) 1 − 𝑘. −3 ]
The given system is inconsistent and has 0 0 (𝑘 − 1)(𝑘 + 2) 𝑘 + 2
no solution.
Case (i)
4) Find the value of k for which the
equations kx-2y+z = 1,x-2ky+z = -2, If 𝐾 = −2, p(A) =2, p(A/B) = 2< 3 ,
x-2y+kz=1 have i) no solution ii) unique The given system is consistent and has
solution iii) infinitely many solutions. infinitely many solution.
Soln: Case (ii)
No of unknown = 3 If 𝐾 = 1, 𝐾 ≠ -2, p(A) = 2, p(A/B) =3
p(A) ≠ p(A/B)
𝑘 −2 1 𝑥 1 The given system is inconsistent and has

[1 −2𝑘 1] [𝑦] =[−2] no solution
1 −2 𝑘 𝑧 1
Case (iii)
𝑘 2 1 1
[𝐴/ 𝐵] =[1 −2𝑘 1 −2 ] If 𝐾 ≠ -1, 𝐾 ≠ -2,
1 3 𝑘 1
p(A) = p(A/B) =3 no.of unknowns
R1 ↔R3
1 2 1 1
only on solutions.
[1 −2𝑘 1 −2 ]
𝑘 2 1 1 5. Inverstigate the values of 𝝀 and 𝝁 the
R2 →R2-R1 system of linear equations 2x+3y+5z = 9,
7x+3y-5z = 8, 2x+3y3+ 𝝀𝒛 = 𝝁 have (i) no

solution (ii) a unique solution (iii) an C5H8+O2 → CO2+H2O
infinite number of solutions.
Solution:-
Solution:-
x1C5H8+X2O2 = x3CO3 + x4H2O
2 3 5 𝑥
Number of unknowns = 3[7 3 −5] [𝑦] Carbon:
2 3 𝜆 𝑧
5x1 = x3
9 5x1 - x3 =0
= [8] Hydrogen:
𝜇
8x1 = 2x4
2 3 5 9
4x1 = x4
[A/B] = [7 3 −5 8]
2 3 𝜆 𝜇 4x1 - x4 = 0
Oxygen:
R2→ 2R2 - 7R1
R3→ R3 - R1 2x2 = 2x3+x4
2 3 5 9 2x2 – 2x3 –x4 = 0
[0 −15 −45 − 47 ] The equations are
0 0 𝜆−5 𝜇−9
Case (i) 5x1 - x3 =0
4x1 - x4 = 0
If 𝜆 = 5, 𝜇 ≠ 9, p(A) =2, p(A/B) =3, 2x2 – 2x3 –x4 = 0
p(A)≠p(A,B) The Augmented matrix
The given system is inconsistent and has 5 0 −1 0 0

no solution. [A/0] = [4 0 0 −1 0]
0 2 −2 −1 0
Case (ii)
4 0 0 −1 0
If 𝜆 ≠ 5, 𝜇 ≠ 9, p(A) = p(A/B) =3
R1<-> R2 [5 0 −1 0 0]
3≤ (no of unknowns) 0 2 −2 −1 0
The given system is consistent and has 4 0 0 −1 0

unique solution R2<-> R3 [0 2 −2 −1 0]
5 0 −1 0 0
Case (iii)
4 0 0 −1 0
If 𝜆 = 5, 𝜇 = 9, p(A) = p(A/B) =2 R3 →4R3 -5R1 [0 2 −2 −1 0]
0 0 −4 5 0
2< 3
Number of unknowns = 4
P(A) =P(A/0) = 3 < 4
infinitely many solutions.
6. By using Gaussian elimination method infinitely many solution
balance the chemical reaction equation: Therefore
4x1 - x4 = 0 →①

2x2 – 2x3 –x4 = 0 →②
-4x3 +5x4 = 0 →③
Let x2 = t
③ => -4x3 +5t = 0
x3 = -5t / -4
= 5t / 4
5t
 2x2 – 2( 4 ) − 𝑡 = 0
5t
2x2 – −𝑡=0
2
5t−2t
2x2 – =0
2
7t
2x2 – =0
2
7t
2x2 =
2
7t
X2 = 4
①=>
4x1 - t = 0
4x1 = t
x1= t/4
Therefore t =4, since x1, x2, x3, x4 are
whole numbers.
x1 =4𝑡 x2_= 7𝑡4 x3_= 5𝑡4 x4_= t
x1 =1 x2_=7 x3_=5 x4_= 4
The required chemical reaction is
C5H8+7O2 → 5CO2+4H2O

2. COMPLEX NUMBERS z+iz = 2+3i-3+2i
I. 2 MARK z+iz = -1+5i
1) simplify the following
i1948-i1869 3)if z1 = 1 - 3i , z2 = - 4i , z3 = 5 S.T
soln: I)( z1+ z2) + z3 = z1 + (z2 + z3)
1948÷4 =487 1869÷4 = 467 x 4 +1 ii) ( z1z2) z3 = z1 (z2 z3)
= (i)4x487-(i)- (4x467 +1) soln:
= (i4)487-(i)- 4x467 -1 L.H.S
= 1487 –i- 4x467. (i)-1 ( z1+ z2) = 1- 3i - 4i
= 1 – (i4)- 467.
1 = 1- 7i
𝑖
1∗𝑖
( z1+ z2) + z3 = 1- 7i+ 5
=1- 𝑖∗𝑖
= 6 – 7i
𝑖
= 1 - −1
R.H.S
Ans = 1+i z1+ (z2 + z3)
2) Given the complex no Z = 2+3i represent z2 + z3= - 4i +5

the complex no in argand diagram
=5-4 i
I) z , iz and z + iz
z1+ (z2 + z3) =1- 3i+5- 4i
iz = i(2 +3i)
=6 – 7i
= 2i + 3i2 L.H.S = R.H.S
= 2 i + 3(-1) Hence verified
=2 i-3 ii) ( z1z2) z3 = z1 (z2 z3)
iz = - 3 +2 i L.H.S
( z1z2) z3
z1z2 =(1-3i)(- 4i)
= -4i – 12

= -12 -4i │ Z2│ = √(5)2 + (-12)2
( z1z2) z3 =(-12 - 4i) 5 = √25 + 144
= -60 -20i
=√169
= -20(3 + i)
│ Z2│ =13
= L.H.S
iii) z3 = 6+8i
R.H.S
│ z3│=√(6)2 + (8)2
z1 (z2 z3)
= √36 + 64
(z2 z3) = - 4i x5
=√100
= -20 i
│ z3│= 10
z1 (z2 z3) = (1-3i)(-20 i)
iv) │ z1 + z2 │ = │(3+4i) +(5 -12i)│
= -20 i + 60 i2
= │3+4i +5 -12i│
= -20 i - 60
=│8 - 8i│
= - 60 -20 i
= -20 ( 3 + i ) │ z1 + z2 │ = √(8)2 + (-8)2
= R.H.S
L.H.S = R.H.S = √64 + 64
Hence verified =√128
4) If z1 = 3+4i , z2 = 5-12i ,z3 = 6+8i find │ z1 + z2 │= 8 √2

│z1│,│ z2 │,│ z3│ │ z1 + z2 ││ z2 - z3│
v) │ z2 - z3│=│(5 -12i) – (6+8i )│
│ z1 + z3│
=│5 -12i – 6+8i│
Soln:
= √-1 + 20𝑖
i) z1 = 3+4i
= √(-1)2 + (-20)2
│z1│ =√(3)2 + (4)2
= √1 + 400
= √9 + 16
= √401
= √25
vi) │ z1 + z3│ = │3+4i + 6 +8i│
│z1│ = 5
= │(9 + 12i)│
ii) Z2 = 5 -12 i
= √92 + 122

= √81 + 144 2 + i2√𝟑 =4 [ cos( π/3 + 2k π )+ isin
(π/3+2k π)] k𝝐z
=√225
│ z1 + z3│ = 15
II. 3 MARK.
5) write in polar form of the following
complex numbers 1) Find the values of the real numbers
of x and y if the complex nos
i) 2 + i2√𝟑
( 3- i) x – (2 – i) y + 2i + 5 and 2x + ( -1
soln: + 2 i) y + 3 + 2i are equal
z = x+ iy Soln:
modulus : │z│= √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ( 3- i) x – (2 – i) y + 2i + 5 =
𝑦 2x + ( -1 + 2 i) y + 3 + 2i
arg = tan-1 ( )
𝑥
(3x -2y +5 ) + i( -x +y + 2) =
x = 2 , y = 2√3
(2x –y +3) + i(2y +2)
│z│= √4 + 4(3)
Equating real numbers on both sides :
= √4 + 12
3x - 2y +5 = 2x -y +3 Equating
=√16 Imaginary
modulus : │z│= 4 3x-2x -2y +y +5 -3 = 0 -x +y+2 = 2y +2

𝑦
α = tan-1 ( ) x-y +2 = 0 - x +y-2y+2-2 =
𝑥
0
𝟐√𝟑
= tan-1 │( )│ x – y = -2 →① - x –y = 0 ---
2
②
α = tan-1(√𝟑)
solve:
arg: α =π/3
α =π/3
Ѳ = π/3
x – y = -2 →①
⁖Ѳ=α
-x –y = 0 →②
Polar form:
-2y = -2
Z = r(cosѲ + isinѲ)
y=1
= 4 [ cos π/3 + isin π/3]
subt y =1 in equation →①

x-1 = -2 Purely imaginary
x = -2 + 1 n=3
x = -1 [ (√3 + 𝑖)3 ]2= [8i] 2

⁖ (x,y) = ( -1 , 1 )
(√3 + 𝑖)6 =64 i2
2 ) Find the least value of the positive
= -64 (real)
integer n for which (√3 + 𝑖)n i) real
ii)purely imaginary n=6 i) n=6 for real
Soln: ii) n= 3 for purely imaginary
(√3 + 𝑖)n 3) If│z1│= 3 state that 7≤│z + 6 -8i│≤13
Soln:
Take n =1 = (√3 + 𝑖)
││z1│-│z2││≤ │z1+z2 │≤ │z1│+│z2│
Take n = 2
z1 = 6 -8i
(√3 + 𝑖)2 =[ [√3 ]2 + 2√3 𝑖 +
│z1│ = √36 + 64 = √100 =10
𝑖2 ]
││z│-│z1││≤ │z+z1│≤ │z│+│z1│
[: [a+b]2=a2 + 2ab+b2]
│3-10│ ≤ │z + 6- 8i│ ≤ 3+ 10
= 3 + 2√3 i - 1
7 ≤ │z + 6- 8i│ ≤ 13
= 2+ 2√3 i
Hence proved
= 2(1 + 𝑖√3 )
4) Obtain the Cartesian equation for the
Take n = 3 locus of z = x+iy in each of the following
cases
(√3 + 𝑖)3 = (√3 + 𝑖)2 (√3 + 𝑖)
i) │z -4│ = 16
= 2( 1 +i√3 ) [√3 +i ] soln:
{Subt ; (√3 + 𝑖)2 = 2[ 1 + i√3 ] put : z = x+ iy
= 2 [√3 + 𝑖 + i3 + ((√3 )2 i) │z -4│ = 16
= 2 [√3 + 4𝑖 - √3 ] │ x+ iy │= 16
=2[4i] │ x+ iy - 4│= 16
=8i │ x - 4+ iy │= 16
(√3 + 𝑖)3 = 8i

[√(𝒙-𝟏)𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 ]2 - [√(𝒙-𝟏)𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐
]2= 16 𝜋 𝜋
sin10 − i cos 10
Squaring on both sides; = 𝜋 𝜋
sin10 + i cos 10
(x-4 )2 + y2= 162
[:. Sin2𝜃 +cos2 𝜃]
2 2
(x-4 ) + y = 256
𝟏 𝝅 𝝅
2 2 = sin𝟏𝟎 - i cos 𝟏𝟎
x -8x+16 +y -256 = 0 𝒛
x2+y2-8x -240 = 0 10 𝟏+𝒛 10

( 𝟏+𝒛
𝟏+
) =(
𝟏 ) 𝒛+𝟏
𝒛 𝒛
i) │z -4│ - │z -1│ = 16
2 2
put : z = x + iy = ( 𝟏 )10 = z
𝟏
10
𝒛
│z -4│2- │z -1│2 = 16
│ x + iy - 4│2- │ x + iy -1│2 = 16 = z10 = [ sin 𝜋

10
+i cos 10
𝜋
]10
│ x - 4+ iy │2- │ x - 1 + iy │2 = 16
[Demorire’s theorem ]
[√(𝑥 − 4)2 + √𝑦 2 ] –
2
[:. (cos𝜃+isin𝜃) n = cosn 𝜃+isin 𝜃

[√(𝑥 − 1)2 + √𝑦 2 2
] =16 ]
[(x-4)2 + y2 ] - [(x-1)2 + y2 ] = 16 𝜋 𝜋
= 210 = [ cos ( 2 − 10 ) + i sin ( 2 −
𝜋
𝜋
x2-8x +16+y2- [x2-2x +1+y2 ] =16 )]10
10
-8x+16+2x-1 = 16 4𝜋 4𝜋
= [cos + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 10 ]10
10
-6x -1 +16 = 16
4π 4π
= [cos 10 x 10 + isin x 10 10 ]10
-6x -1 = 0
=[cos 4π + i sin4π]
6x +1 = 0
=[cos π + i sinπ]4
5) find the value of
𝝅 𝝅
𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏 +𝒊 𝒄𝒐𝒔 10 = [-1 + i(0)]4
[ 𝟏𝟎
𝝅
𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏 − 𝒊 𝒄𝒐𝒔
𝟏𝟎
𝝅 ]
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 = [-1]4 = 1
Soln: 10
𝜋 𝜋
[ 𝟏+𝒛
𝟏+
] 𝟏=1
Z = sin10 +i cos 10 𝒛
𝜋 𝜋
1 1 sin − i cos
10 10
= 𝜋 𝜋 x 𝜋 𝜋
III. 5 MARKS
𝑧 sin +i cos sin − i cos
10 10 10 10

1) If z1 , z2 and z3 are three complex
numbers such that │ z1│=1, │ z2│=2,
Im [2𝑥+2𝑖𝑦+1
𝑖𝑥−𝑦+1
]=0
│ z3│=3 and │ z1 + z2+ z3│=1 state that
│9 z1 z2+ 4z1 z3+ z2 z3│=6 Im [(2𝑥+1)+𝑖(2𝑦)
𝑖−𝑦+𝑖𝑥
]=0
Soln:
Im [(2𝑥+1)+𝑖(2𝑦)
𝑖−𝑦+𝑖𝑥
] x[
(𝑖−𝑦)−𝑖𝑥
(𝑖−𝑦)−𝑖𝑥
]=0
│ 𝒛𝟏│= 1, │ z2│=2 , │ z3│= 3
│ z1│2 = 1, │ z2│2=4, │ z3│2= 9 Im [−x(2x+1)+(2y)(1−y)

(i-y) +x
]=0
2 2
z1 z1 = 1 z2 z2 = 4 z3 z3 = 9
[ Take only imaginary parts]
𝟏 𝟒 𝟗
z1 = 𝐳𝟏 , z2 = 𝐳𝟐 , z3 = 𝐳𝟑  −𝑥(2𝑥 + 1) + (2𝑦)(1 − 𝑦)=0
 −2x2+x +2y – 2y2=0
│ z1+ z2+ z3│= 1
 𝟐x2+2y2+ x – 2y=0
𝟏 𝟒 𝟗
[
𝐳𝟏
+ 𝐳𝟐
+ 𝐳𝟑
] =1
3) Find all cube root of √𝟑 +i
𝐳𝟐𝐳𝟑+𝟒𝐳𝟏𝐳𝟑+𝟗𝐳𝟏𝐳𝟐
│ │=1
𝐳𝟏 𝐳𝟐 𝐳𝟑 Soln:
𝒛𝟏
{ By property │ │=
𝐳𝟐
│ 𝐳𝟏│
│ 𝐳𝟐│
} z3 = √3 +i = r(cosѳ + isinѳ)
[By polar form]

│ 𝐳𝟏𝐳𝟑+𝟒𝐳𝟏𝐳𝟑+𝟗𝐳𝟏𝐳𝟐│
=1
│ 𝒛𝟏││ 𝒛𝟐││ 𝒛𝟑│ 2
r = √(√3) + 12 = √3 + 1 =√4 = 2
[ ∴ │ 𝒛𝟏│ = │ 𝒛𝟏│]
r=2
│ 𝐳𝟏𝐳𝟑+𝟒𝐳𝟏𝐳𝟑+𝟗𝐳𝟏𝐳𝟐│
=1 𝑦
│ 𝒛𝟏││ 𝒛𝟐││ 𝒛𝟑│ α = tan-1 ( )
𝑥
│ 𝐳𝟏𝐳𝟑 + 𝟒𝐳𝟏𝐳𝟑 + 𝟗𝐳𝟏𝐳𝟐│=│ 𝒛𝟏││ 𝒛𝟐││ 𝒛𝟑│ 1

α = tan-1 ( )
√3
= (1) (2) (3)
𝜋
α=6
│ 𝟗𝐳𝟏𝐳𝟐 + 𝟒𝐳𝟏𝐳𝟑 + 𝐳𝟏𝐳𝟑│= 6
𝜋
2) If z = x+ iy is a complex numbers α=ѳ=6
𝟐𝒛+𝟏
such that Im( 𝒊𝒛+𝟏 ) state that the locus
z3 = 2 [ cos π/6 + isin π/6] [:. r =2
of z is 2x2 +2y2+x-2y.
Soln: ѳ = π/6 ]
2(𝑥+𝑖𝑦)+1 z = 21/3 [ cos π/6 + isin π/6] 1/3

Im [ 𝑖(𝑥=𝑖𝑦)+1] = 0
Adding 2kπ

z = 21/3 [ cos(2kπ+ π/6)+ isin(2kπ+ π/6] 1/3 x2- ( 2cosα)x + 1 = 0
Apply Demovire’s theorem [ :. ax2+bx+c = 0]
a = 1 , b = -2 cosα , c = 1
z = 21/3 cos([ (2kπ+ π/6)
3
)
−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
+sin(
(2kπ+ π/6)
3
) ] k = 0,1,2 2𝑎
[ quadratic equation ]
If K=0
2 cosα ± √4cos ^2 α − 4(1)(1)
z = 21/3 [ cos π/18 + isin π/18] 𝑥=
2(1)
If K = 1
z = 21/3 [ cos 13π/18 + isin 13π/18]

2 cosα ±2√−(1−cos2α)
If K = 2 =
2
z = 21/3 [ cos 25π/18 + isin 25π/18] 2 cosα ±2√1(1−cos2α)

=
7𝜋 7𝜋 2
z = 21/3 [ cos(𝜋 + 18 )+ isin(𝜋 + 18 ) ]
2 cosα ±2isinα
7𝜋 7𝜋 =
z = 21/3 [ -cos 18 - isin 18 ] 2
1 1
2[ cosα ± isinα]
4) If 2cosα = 𝑥 + , 2cosβ = 𝑦 + state =
𝑥 𝑦 2
that
x = cosα + isinα (or)
𝑥 𝑦
i) 𝑦 + 𝑥 = 2cos(α - β ) x = cosα – isinα
1
ii) 𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦 = 2isin (α + β ) Let us consider x = cosα + isinα
1 1 cosα – isinα
𝑥𝑚 𝑦𝑛 = cosα + isinα x
iii) − 𝑥 𝑚 = 2i sin ( mα - nβ ) 𝑥 cosα − isinα
𝑦𝑛
1 cosα – isinα
1 =
𝑚 𝑛
iv) 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑥 𝑚 𝑦 𝑛 = 2 cos ( mα + nβ ) 𝑥 cos2α+sin2 α
1 cosα – isinα
= cosα + sin ^2α [ :. i2= 1]
soln: 𝑥
1 𝟏
2cosα = 𝑥 + 𝑥 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛂 − 𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛂
𝐱
𝑥 2+1  x = cosα + isinα

2cosα = 𝑥
𝟏
 𝐱
= 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛂 − 𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛂
( 2 cosα) x = 𝑥 2 + 1
 𝐲 = cosβ + isinβ


𝟏
= cosβ - isinβ iv) 𝒙𝒎 𝒚𝒏 = [ cosα +isinα]m [cosβ+isinβ] n
𝐲
𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛂 + 𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛂
=[ cosmα +isinmα] [cosnβ+isinnβ]
i) =
𝒚 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛃 + 𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛃
𝑥𝑚𝑦𝑛 =
= cos(α -β )+ isin(α − β)
cos(mα+nβ) + isin(mα+nβ)→①
𝑦
= cos(α -β ) - isin(α − β)
𝑥 1
= cos(mα+nβ) - isin(mα+nβ)→②
𝑥𝑚𝑦 𝑛
L.H.S
① +②→
𝒙 𝒚
+ = cos(α -β ) + isin(α − β) + cos(α -
𝒚 𝒙
L.H.S
β ) - isin(α − β)
𝟏
𝒙
+
𝒚
= 2 cos(α -β ) 𝒙 𝒎 𝒚𝒏 + =2cos(mα+nβ)
𝒚 𝒙 𝒙𝒎 𝒚𝒏
ii) xy = (cosα + i𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛂 )(cosβ + i𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛃 ) 5) If ωǂ 1 is a cube root of unity state

that
= cos (α+β) + i sin(α+β)
(i) (1-ω+ω2)6 + (1+ω-ω2)6=128
1
= cos (α+β) + i sin(α+β)
𝑥𝑦
(ii) (1+ω) (1+ω2) (1+ω4)
(1+ω8)+…+(1+ω2n) =1
L.H.S
1
Sol:
xy = 𝑥𝑦 = 2 isin (α+β).
L.H.S.
𝒙𝒎 (𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛂 + 𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛂)𝒎
iii) = = (1-ω+ω2)6 +(1+ω-ω2)6
𝒚𝒏 (𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐧𝛃 + 𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐧𝛃)
= (1+ω2-ω)6 +(1+ω-ω2)6
xm
= cos (mα –nβ ) + i sin(mα –nβ )
yn
=(-ω-ω)6 +(- ω2- ω2)6
yn
= - cos (mα –nβ ) + i sin(mα –nβ ) = (-2ω)6+(-2ω2)6
xm
= (-2)6 ω6 + (-2)6 (ω2)6

𝒙𝒎 𝒚𝒏
+ = 2 i sin(mα –nβ )
𝒚𝒏 𝒙𝒎
= (-2)6[ω6+ ω12]
= 26[1+1] = 26(2)

=27 =128 [ :. 27=2x2x2x2x2x2x2]
ii)(1+ω)(1+ω2)(1+ω4)(1+ω8)
(1+ω16)(1+ω32)(1+ω64)(1+ω128)
(1+ω256)(1+ω512)(1+ω1024)(1+ω2048)
(1+ω)(1+ω2) (1+ω)(1+ω2) (1+ω)(1+ω2)…
6 terms.
:.[(1+ω)(1+ω2)]6
[ - ω2.(- ω)]6 = [ - ω2.(- ω)]6
=[ω3]6 = (1)6 = 1
=1
= R.H.S.

3. THEORY OF EQUATIONS m2 x2+(2mc-4a)x+c2=0
It is a quadratic equation.
2 MARKS & 3 MARKS Which cannot have more than
two solutions and hence cannot
I. Construct a cubic equation with
intersect at more than two
roots 1) 1,2,3 2) 1,1,-
points.
2 3) 2, ½,1
IV. Find the Least possible number
Roots 1, 2, 3
of imaginary roots and
α β γ
maximum number of positive
Σ1 = α + β + γ = 1+2+3=6
and negative roots.
Σ2 = α β + β γ + γ α
1. 9x +2x5-x4-7x2+2=0
9
= 1(2) + 2(3) +3(1)
2. x5-19x4+2x3+5x2+11=0
= 2+6+3=11
3. x9+9x7+7x5+5x3+3x=0
Σ3 = α β γ = 1(2)(3) = 6
4. x2018+1947x1950+15x8+26x6+1=0
The required equation
x3 - Σ1 x2 + Σ 2 x – Σ3 =0 Ans: 1. P(x)= 9x9+2x5-x4-7x2+2=0
x3 -6x2 +11x – 6 = 0 Sign of co-eff. No.of.sing
II. Find the polynomial equation changes
of minimum degree with P(x) + +- - +
integer co-efficient 2
having the following roots 1) 2 P(-x) - -- - +
- √3 i 2) 2 -√3 3) 1
2+ √3i 4)2i + 3 5) √ √2
( Change the sign of odd power
/ √3 6) √5-√3 only)
1 roots : 2-√3i , 2+√3i
Max.+ve roots = 2
α β
Σ1 = α + β = 2-√3 i + 2+√3 Max.-ve roots = 1
i Total real roots 3
Σ1 = 4 But total power is 9
Σ2 = α β = (2-√3 i) (2+√3 i)
Minimum of imaginary roots = 9-
= 22 – (√3 i)2
3=6
= 4+3 =7
The required equation is V. find the solution if any
1. 2Cos2x - 9Cos x+4=0
x2- Σ1x + Σ2 = 0 2. Sin2x-5Sin x+4=0
x2- 4x+7=0 3. 2Cos2x-9 Cos x+20=0
III. Prove that the following cannot
intersect more than two points. 1. 2 Cos2x – 9 Cos x +4 =0
1. Parabola and St.line Put Cos x= t 2t2-9 t + 4 =0
2. Circle and St.line (t-½) (t-4) = 0
t = ½ t=4
1. Parabola y2=4ax (1)
Cos x=4
2. St.line y = mx+c (2) (Impossible)
Sub.equation 2 in 1 t= ½
(mx+c)2 = 4ax Cos x = ½
m2 x2+2mcx+c2-4ax=0 Cos x = Cos π/3

x = 2n π ± π/3
1 1 -3 -33 35
State and prove Complex conjucate root
0 1 -2 -35
theorem
(Theorem 3.2 in book)
1 -2 -35 0
I. Find the sum of squares of the 2
Remaining factor: x -2x-35=0
roots of the following:
(x-7) (x+5) =0
4 3 2
1. ax +bx +cx +dx+e = 0 35 x=7,-5
4 3 2
2. 2x -8x +6x -3 = 0 -7 +5
4 3 2
(1) ax +bx +cx +dx+e = 0 .: roots are: 1,7,-5
Let the roots : α, β, γ , δ III. If α1 β (Or) α ,β, γ are the root
of the equation whose roots are
Sum of the squares of roots given against them. Equation 1.
α2+β2+γ2+δ2=(α+β+γ+δ)2– x3+2x2+3x+4=0
2(αβ+αγ+αδ+βα+βγ+βγ+βδ+γδ) 2. x3+2x2+3x+4=0 New roots:
α2+β2+γ2+δ2= (Σ1)2 – 2 (Σ2) 3. x3+2x2+3x+4=0 -α, -

β, -γ
= (-b/a)2 – 2 (c/a)
4. 17x2+43x-73=0 2α,
2
= b - 2c 2β, 2γ
a2 a
5. 2x2-7x+13=0 1/α,
= b2-2ac
1/β, 1/γ
a2
α+2,
II. Solve : β+2
1. x3-3x2-33x+35 = 0 α2,
2. 2x3-9x2+10x =3 β2
3. 8x3-2x2-7x+3 =0
4. 2x3+11x2-9x-18=0 1) x3+2x2+3x+4=0
5. x3-5x2-4x+20=0 Given roots New roots
6. 2x3+3x2+2x+3=0 α +β+ γ = -2 Σ1= - α –β –
7. x4-9x2+20=0 γ
8. x4-14x2+45=0 = - (α +β +γ)
= - (-2) = 2
Note: α β+ β γ+ γδ =3 Σ2= α β+ β
* If sum of the co-eff.is Zero 1 is the
root γ+ γδ
*Co-eff. odd power=co-eff. Even =3
power -1 is a root
α β γ= - 4 Σ3= (-α) (-β)
*If x4, x2 are the only co-eff. sub. x2=t (-γ)
1) x3-3x2-33x+35=0 =4
Sum of co-eff: 1-3-33+35=0 The required equation
x3- Σ1x2+ Σ2x – Σ3=0
x3-2x2+3x-4 =0

IV. Obtain the condition: 4). Discuss the nature of the roots of
1. The root of x3+px2+qx+r = 0 are in
A.P 4x2 + 4px + p + 2 = 0 in terms of P
2. The roots of ax3+bx2+cx+d=0 are
5). S.T if P,Q,R are rational the roots of
in G.P
3. The roots of x3+px2+qx+r=0 are in X2 -2px + p2 – q2 + 2qr – r2 = 0 are
H.P
4. Solve:9x3-36x2+44x-16=0 roots Rationals
are in A.P
5. Solve 3x3-26x2+52x-24=0 roots Note
are in G.P  b2 - 4ac = 0 roots are real and
Note: In A.P, take the roots as α –d, α,
α+d equal
In G.P take the roots as α/t , α, α t
 If b2 – 4ac > 0 roots are real and
In H.P reverse the co-efficient of given
equation and use A.P. roots different
3 2
3. x +px +qx+r=0 here the roots are
in H.P Reverse the co-efficient  If b2 – 4ac< 0 roots are imaginary.
rx3+qx2+px+1=0 its roots are in
A.P 1). 2x2 – 6x + 7 = 0
roots are α-d, α , α+d sum of roots
α-d + α + α+d = -q / r
3 α = -q/r a b c
−𝑞
α= b2 – 4ac = 36 – 4(2) (7)
3𝑟
Sub in rx3 + qx2 + px + 1 = 0

= 36 – 56 = -20 < 0
−𝑞3 𝑞2 −𝑞
r(27𝑟 2 ) + q(𝑞𝑟 2) + p ( 3𝑟 ) + 1 = 0
−𝑞3 𝑞3 𝑝𝑞
:: The roots are imaginary
+ 9𝑟 2 - 3𝑟 +1 = 0
27𝑟 2
Multiply by 27r2 From the equation to find a number
-q3 + 3q3 – 9pqr + 27r2 = 0 such that when its cube root is added
2q3 + 27r2 = 9pqr
to it, the result is 6
1). S.T 2x – 6x + 7 = 0
2
1
Cannot have real roots x + 𝑥3 = 6
2). X2 + 2(k+2) x + 9k = 0
1
Has real and equal roots find k 𝑥 3 = 6 – x => (x1/3)3 = (6 – x)3
3). Discuss the nature of the root of

:: x = 216 – 3(62)x + 3(6) (x2) – x3
2
2x + kx + k = 0 in terms of K

X = 216 – 108 x + 18x2 – x3 αβ = -4
X3 – 18x2 + 109x – 216 = 0 Two numbers whose product is – 4 and
sum is 3 are -1, 4

5 Marks
:: The roots are

1). If 2 + i, 3-√2 are roots of
(2 + i) (2 –i) (3 -√2) (3 +√2) -1 , 4

x6 – 13x5 + 62x4 – 126x3 + 65x2 +
127x -140 = 0 Solve :
x6 -13x5 + 62x4 – 126x3 + 65x2 + 127x 1). (x-2) (x-7) (x-3) (x+2) + 19 = 0
– 140 = 0
2). (2x -3) (6x -1) (3x – 2) ( x-2) -7=0
roots are:
3). (x-5) (x-7) (x+6) (x+4) = 504
2 + i, 2 – i, 3 -√2, 3+ √2, α, β
4). (2x-1) (x+3) (x-2) (2x+3) +20 =0
Sum of roots
5). (x-4) (x-7) (x-2) (x+1) = 16
2 + 2 + 3 + 3 + α + β = 13
1). (x-2) (x-7) (x-3) (x+2) + 19 = 0
𝛼+𝛽 =3
Re arrange them
Product of roots
[(x-2) (x-3)] [(x-7) (x+2)] +19 =0
(2 + i)(2 – i)(3- √2) (3 +√2)αβ = - [x2 – 5x + 6] [ x2 – 5x – 14] + 19 = 0
140
X2 – 5x = t
(4+1) (9 – 2) αβ = -140
(t+6) (t-14) + 19 = 0
35 αβ = -140
t2 - 8t – 84 + 19 = 0
−140
αβ = 35
t2 – 8t – 65 = 0

(t- 13) (t + 5) = 0 0 2 -1 -13 -6
6
t = 13, -5 3 6 -3 -39 -18
x2 – 5x = 13 x2 – 5x = -5 0 18 45 18
0
x2 - 5x – 13 =0 x2 – 5x + 5 6 15 6
=0
:: remaining factor :
5 ± √25−4(−13)
x= 6x2 + 15x + 6 = 0
2(1)
5± √25−4(1)(5)
x= 1
2(1) 36 (x+2) (x + 2
5±√25+52 5±√25−20 12 3 1
= = x = -2 , - 2
2 2 6 6
5±√77 5±√5 1 −1
= = :: Roots are , 3, -2,
2 2 3 2
:: The root are The root are 4).solve 6x4 – 35x3 + 62x2 -35x + 6 = 0
5±√77 5±√5 Last constant term is 6

,
2 2
:: by verification we can find out 2 is a
root
3). Solve 6x4 – 5x3 – 38x2 – 5x + 6 =0
It is reciprocal equation
1
If one root is 3
1
:: 2 is also a root
6x4 – 5x3 – 38x2 – 5x + 6 = 0 is a

6 -35 62 -35 6
reciprocal equation
2 0 12 -46 32 -6
1
:: if 3 is a root 3 also root
0
6 -23 16 -3
1
6 -5 -38 -5 6
3

1 6±√36−4 4±√16−4
0 3 -10 3 X= x=
2 2 2
0
6 -20 6 6±√32 4±√12
= =
2 2
Remaining factor 6x2 – 20x +6 =0

6±4√2 4±2√3
= =
2 2
1
36 (3 - ) (x -3) = 0
3
= 3 ± 2√2 = 2± √3
−2 −18 1
x=3,3
6 6
6). (1 + 2i), √𝟑 are the roots of
1 1
:: roots 2, , 3, 3
2 X6 – 3x5 – 5x4 + 22x3 -39x2 -39x + 135
5). X4 – 10x3 + 26x2 -10x + 1 = 0 solve =0
10 1 Find the others roots.

÷ x2 : x2 – 10x + 26 - + =0
𝑥 𝑥2
1 1
Roots : (1+ 2i), (1-2i), √3, -√3, 𝛼, 𝛽
(x + 𝑥 2) – 10 (x +𝑥 ) + 26 = 0
2
1 1
X + 𝑥 = t => x2 + 𝑥 2 = t -2
(t2 -2) -10 t + 26 = 0
:: t2 -10t + 24 = 0
(t-6) (t-4) = 0
:: t = 6 or t=4
1 1
X+𝑥=6 x+𝑥 =4 Sum of roots : 1+ 1+ α + β = 3
α +β = 1
X2 + 1 = 6x x2 + 1 = 4x
product of roots:
X2 – 6x + 1 = 0 x2 – 4x +1 =0 (1+2i) (1-2i) (√3), (-√3) (αβ) = 135
(1+4) (-3) αβ = 135

αβ = -9 1
x2 – 1 x - 2 = 0
remaining factor :
2x2 – 2x -1 = 0
x2 – (α + β )x + αβ + 0
x = 2 ± √4 − 4(2)(−1) / 2(2)
2
x - 1x - 9 = 0
+2±√12 +2±2√3
= => x=
1±√1−4 (−9) 4 4
x= 2
1±√3
X=
1±√37 2
x= :: The roots are
2
1± √3
Roots : 2,
1±√37 2
(1+2i), (1-2i), √3, −√3, 2
Solve : 3x3 – 16x2 + 23x – 6 =0
7). If the one root of is twice the sum of
If the product of two roots is 1
the other two roots, find K and solve
2x3 – 6x2 + 3x + k = 0
Let the roots α, β, γ

6
α +β +γ =2 one root is twice the sum
𝛼
α + 2 =3 of other two
3∗2
α= α = 2 (β +γ)
3
𝛼
α=2 = β +γ
2
3
αβ + βγ + γα =2 1 = β +γ
3 −𝑘
α (β+γ) + βγ = 2 αβγ = 2
𝑘 3 −𝑘
2(1) - 4 = 2 2(βγ) = 2
3 𝑘 −𝑘
2-2=4 βγ = 4
1 𝑘
=4
2
K=2
−2 −1
:: βγ = =
4 2
:: remaining factor:
x2 – (β + γ )x + βγ = 0

4. INVERSE TRIGNOMETRIC now, θ=5 𝜋 /6
FUNCTIONS
sec -1 (- 2√3/3) =5 𝜋 /6
I.TWO MARK
𝟐 𝟕 𝟏
5.Prove that tan-1 𝟏𝟏+ tan -1 𝟐𝟒=tan -1 𝟐
1.find the value of sin -1
)sin(5𝜋/6))
2 7
+
sin -1
)sin(5𝜋/6))= sin )sin(𝜋- 𝜋 /6))
-1
= tan -1 11 24
2 7
1−( )( )
11 24
=sin-1 ) sin𝜋/ 6) 48+77

-1 264
= tan 264−14
= 𝜋 /6 ... 𝜋/ 6.€[- 𝜋 /2, 𝜋 /2] 264
2. find the value of
sin-1 )sin)5 𝜋 /9 cos 𝜋 /9 +cos 5 𝜋 /9 sin 𝜋 = tan- 1 (125/250)

/9
= tan- 1 (1/2)
sol : sin-1 sin((5𝜋 /9+ 𝜋 /9))
tan- 1 (2/11) + tan- 1 (7/24) = tan- 1 (1/2)
= sin-1 )sin 6 𝜋 /9)
Hence the proved.
= sin -1
)sin 2 𝜋 /3)
II.THREE MARK
= sin -1
)sin( 𝜋 - 𝜋 /3))
Find the domain of sin-1( 2 - 3x2)
= sin-1 )sin𝜋 /3)
1. Sol : Range of sin-1 (x) is [-1,1]
= 𝜋 /3
-1≤2-3x2 ≤ 1
3. Find the value of cos-1(1/2) +sin -1 (-1) Add -2→ -3≤3x2 ≤-1
-3≤-3x2then x2 ≤ 1 _____(1)
Sol: cos-1(1/2) +sin -1 (-1) = 𝜋 /3 – 𝜋 /2 -3x2 ≤ -1 then x2 ≥ 1/3_____(2)
2 𝜋 −3 𝜋 From equations (1) and (2 )we
= 6 have get,
= - 𝜋 /6 1/3 ≤ x2 ≤ 1
Then 1/√3 ≤ ⃓𝑥⃓ ≤ 1
𝟐√𝟑
4. Find the value of sec -1 ( - ) Since a ≤ ⃓𝑥⃓ ≤ ,
𝟑
implies x €[-b,-a] U[a,b]
Sol:let, sec -1 ( -
2√3
) =θ combining the equations (1) and
3 (2)
Sec θ = √3
−2 X € [-1,-1/√3] U [1/√3,1]
θ €[0, 𝜋] \ { 𝜋 / 2} 𝒙𝟐 +𝟏
we have, 2. Find the domain of f(x) =sin-1 𝟐𝒙
cos θ = - √3/2 or sec θ = - 2/√3 Sol : range of sin-1 x is [-1,1]

𝑥 2+1
-1 ≤ ≤1
then, cos 5 𝜋 /6 = -√3/2 2𝑥

Multiply by 2x III. FIVE MARK
-2x ≤ x2 +1 ≤ 2x x – 2x +1 ≤
2
1) If a1, a2… an is an arithmetic
0 progression with common
difference d prove that,
0≤ x2 +1 + 2x (x – 1)2 ≤ 0
𝑑
tan [ tan-1(1+𝑎 ) + tan-1
2 1 𝑎2
0 ≤ (x+1) x-1 ≤ 0 𝑑
(1+𝑎 ) + ……………… + tan-
2 𝑎3
0≤ x+1 x=1 𝑑 𝑛 𝑎 −𝑎1
(1+𝑎 ) =(1+𝑎 )
𝑛 𝑎𝑛−1 1 𝑎2
Proof:-
x=-1 𝑑 𝑎 −𝑎1
2
solution is {-1,1} tan-1(1+𝑎 ) = tan-1 (1+𝑎 )
1 𝑎2 1 𝑎2
1. Find the domain of f(x)=sin -1 x +
cos-1 x tan-1 a2-an-1 a1 ---
Sol : range of sin -1 (x) is [-1,1] 1
Range of cos-1 (x) is [-1,1]
Then -1 ≤ x ≤ 1 III ly,
X €[-1,1]
𝑑 3 𝑎 −𝑎2
2. Find the domain tan-1(√9 − 𝑥 2 ) tan-1(1+𝑎 ) = tan-1 (1+𝑎 )
2 𝑎3 1 𝑎2
Soln:
9 – x2 ≥ 0 tan-1 a3-tan-1 a2 -------
9 ≥ x2  2
x2 ≤ 9
Continuing:-
x ≤±3
𝑑
domain[-3,3] tan-1(1+𝑎 )) =
𝑛 𝑎𝑛−1
3. tan-1x + tan-1y + tan-1 z show that tan-1(1+𝑎𝑛
𝑎 𝑎𝑛−1
)
𝑛−1𝑎𝑛
x+y+z =xyz
proof: tan-1 x + tan-1 y+ tan-1 z = tan-1 an- tan-1 an-1----
𝜋  3
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧−𝑥𝑦𝑧
tan-1 [ 1−𝑥𝑦−𝑦𝑧−𝑧𝑥 ] = 𝜋
Adding equations 1, 2 and 3 We
∴tan 𝜋 = 0 get
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧−𝑥𝑦𝑧
= tan 𝜋
1−𝑥𝑦−𝑦𝑧−𝑧𝑥
𝑑
[ tan-1(1+𝑎 ) + tan-1
1 𝑎2
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧−𝑥𝑦𝑧 𝑑
=0 (1+𝑎 ) + ……………… + tan-
1−𝑥𝑦−𝑦𝑧−𝑧𝑥
2 𝑎3
𝑑
(1+𝑎 )
x+y+z-xyz =0 𝑛 𝑎𝑛−1
x +y+z = xyz = tan-1 a2 -tan-1 a1+ tan-1 a3 -tan-1

Hence the proved. a2+………+ tan-1 an -tan-1 an-1
= tan-1 an -tan-1 a1
Then,

𝑑 1
tan [tan-1 ((1+𝑎 ))+ ) =4/5
1 𝑎2 √1+𝑥 2
𝑑 𝑑
tan-1(1+𝑎 )+…….+ (1+𝑎 )) √1 + 𝑥 2 = 5/4
2 𝑎3 𝑛 𝑎𝑛−1
1+x2 =25/16
= tan [tan-1 an -tan-1 a1]
x2 =25/16 - 1
= tan [tan-1(1+𝑎𝑛
𝑎 𝑎1
) x2 =25-16 /16
𝑛−𝑎1
=9/16
𝑛 𝑎 −𝑎1 x=± ¾
= (1+𝑎 )
1 𝑎2
Hence the proved. 4. Prove that , tan-1x+ tan-1y+ tan-1z =
𝐱+𝐲+𝐳−𝐱𝐲𝐳
tan-1[𝟏−𝐱𝐲−𝐲𝐳−𝐳𝐱 ] Proof:-
𝑥−1
2.slove tan−1 ( 𝑥−2) + tan-1x+ tan-1 y+ tan-1z =
x+y
tan−1 (
𝑥+1
)= tan-1 1−xy+ tan-1z
𝑥−2
Π /4 x+y
𝑥−1 𝑥+1 𝑥−1 𝑥+1 +z
tan-1 [( 𝑥−2 ) + (𝑥+2 ) / 1– (𝑥−2)( 𝑥+2 = tan-1 [ 1−xy
x+y ]
1−( )z
1−xy
)=Π/4
x2+x−2x−2+x2−x+2x−2
x2 −4
x2− x+x−1 = tan(Π/4)
1−
x2−4
x+y+z−xyz
1−xy
= tan-1 . [ 1−xy−yz−zx ]
( )
1−xy
2x2-4
X+Y+Z−XYZ
______ =1 = tan-1 . [(1−XY−YZ−Zx)]
-3
2x2 -4 = - 3 Hence the proved
2x2 =1
𝟏−𝐚
X2 =1/2 5 . slove :2 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 = cos-1 𝟏+𝐚𝟐 –
X= ± 1/ √2
𝟏−𝐛𝟐
cos-1 ,a>0,b>0
𝟏+𝐛𝟐
𝒙
3. slove : cos (sin-1( )=
√𝟏+𝒙𝟐
Sol:
Sin{𝐜𝐨𝐭 −𝟏 𝟑/𝟒}
1−x2
2 tan-1 x =cos −1 . 1+x2
𝑥
Sol: we know sin−1 √1+𝑥 2 =
1 2 tan-1 x = 2 tan-1a - 2 tan-1 b
cos −1 √1+𝑥 2
𝑥
cos(sin−1 √1+𝑥 2 =cos (cos −1 √1+𝑥 2
1 =2[tan-1 a - tan-1 b]
1 a−b
=√1+𝑥 2 -------1 =2 tan-1(1+ab)
Let us cot −1 3/4 =θ
a−b
cot θ=3/4 X=1+ab
θ is active angle then
sin {cot −1 (3/4)} = 4/5 ------2
From equation 1and 2 equal

5. TWO DIMENSIONAL 3) Find the equation of the parabola
ANALYTICAL GEOMENTRY-II with vertex (-1,-2), axis parallel to y –
axis and passing through (3 ,6).
2 MARKS :
Soln:
1) Find the equation of the circle with
Axis parallel to y-axis ,the equation
centre (2,-1) and passing through the of parabola is
point (3,6) in standard form.
(x+1)2 =4a (x+2)→①
Soln:
It passes through (3,6)
Centre : (h,k) = (2,-1)
①→ (3+1)2 =4a (6+2)
Equation of circle (x-h)2 + (y-k)2= r2
42 =4a (8)
→ (x-2)2 + ( y +1)2 = r2
16 = 32 a
It passes through (3,6):
16
a = 32
→ (3-2)2 + (6+1)2 = r2
1
12+72 =r2 →a= 2
1 +49 =r2
1
2 ①→ (x + 1) 2 = 4( 2 ) (y +2)
r =50
X2 + 2x +1 = 2y + 4
①→(x-2)2 + (y+1)2 = 50
X2 + 2x -2y -3 = 0
2)Find the general equation of the circle
whose diameter is the line segment 4) Find the equation of the ellipse with
joining the points 𝟏
foci( ±3,0), e = 𝟐 .
(-4,-2) and (1,1).
Soln:
Soln:
As per given condition the major
Equation of the circle with end points axis is along x-axis
of the diameter as (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) is,
𝑥2 𝑦2
→ 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 1 -------①
(x-x1) (x-x2) +
(y-y1) (y-y2) = 0 [Theorem 5.2] 1
C.F = ae = 3 → a( )=3
2
(x+4) (x-1)
+ (y+2) (y-1) = 0 a=6
X2 + 4x -x a2=36
-4 +y2 +2y -y -2 = 0 b2 = a2(1 – e2)
X2 1
2
+y +3x +y -6 = 0 = 36 (1 - )
4
3
→This is the required = 36 ( 4 ) = 27 = > b 2 = 27
equation of circle.
𝑥2 𝑦2
①→ 36 + = 1
27

5) Find the vertices ,foci for the => 𝜆 = 1
hyperbola 9x2 -16 y2 = 144
The required equations are ,
Soln :
X2+y2-16+𝜆(3x +
Reducing 9x2 − 16 y2 = 144
to the standard form, we have y+5)=0
𝑥2 𝑦2 X 2 + y2 + 3x + y -
− =1
16 9
[ ÷ by 144 ] 11= 0
a2=16 , b2=16 => a=4, b= 3 2) Find the equation of the circle passing
through the points (1,1),(2,-1) and (3,2) .
with the transverse axis is along x-
axis, the vertices are (-4,0) and (4 ,0) and Soln:
c2 = a 2 +b2 = 16 + 9 =25 General equation : x2 + y2 + 2gx +
2fy + c = 0 →①
 c=25
It passes through (1,1), (2,1) and (3,2)
Hence, the faci are (-5,0)
(1,1) => (1)2 + (1)2 + 2g(1) + 2f(1) + c =
and (5, 0). 0
2g + 2f + c = -
3 MARKS 2 →②
1 ) Find the equation of the circle (2,-1) => (2)2 + (-1)2 + 2g(2) + 2f(-1) + c
described on the chords 3x + y + 5 = 0 of =0
the circle x2 + y2 =16 as diameter.
4g - 2f + c = -
Soln:
5 →③
Equation of the circle passing
through the points of intersection of the (3,2) => (3)2 + (2)2 + 2g(3) + 2f(2) +c = 0
chords and circle is
X2+y2-16+𝜆(3x + y + 5 ) = 0 6g +4f + c = -
[ by Theorem 5.1 ] 13 →④
The chord 3x + y + 5 = 0 is a
−3𝜆 ②-③ => -2g +4f = 3 →⑤
diameter of this circle if the centre ( ,
2
−𝜆
) lies on the chord. ④-③ => 2g +6f = -8 →⑥
2
⑤ +⑥ => 0+10f = -5
−3𝜆 𝜆
So ,we have 3( )- +5=0
2 2 −1
f= 2
−9𝜆 𝜆
- +5=0
2 2 subt:
−10𝜆 −1
+5=0 f= in ⑥ , we get
2 2
-5𝜆 + 5 = 0 2g – 3 = -8

2g = -8+3 4) Find the equations of tangent to the
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
−5 hyperbola ( 𝟏𝟔 ) +( 𝟔𝟒 ) = 1 which are
→ g= 2 parallel to 10x – 3y + 9 = 0.
Subt the value of f and g in ② Soln:
−5 −1
2( )+2( )+ c = -2 𝑥2 𝑦2
( 16 ) +( 64 ) = 1 => a2 = 16 ,
2 2
b2=64
-5 -1 + c = -2
Slop of the line 10x – 3y + 9 = 0. Is
C=4
-3y = -10x -9
Thus required equation of the circle is x2 +
−5 −1
y2 + 2( 2 ) x + 2( 2 )y + 4 = 0 Y =
−10𝑥
−
−3
9
x2 + y2 + 5x –y + 4 = 0 ( )
3
10
slop m= 3
3) Find centre,foci,vertices and Equation of tangents are

𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
directrices of ellipse ( 𝟐𝟓 ) +( 𝟗 ) = 1
y = mx ± √𝑎2𝑚2 − 𝑏2
Soln:
10 100
𝑥2 𝑦2 = x ± √16( ) − 64
( 25 ) +( )=1 3 9
9
Here: 10 1600−576
= x±√
3 9
2 2
a = 25 , b = 9
10 32
= x±
a=5 b=3 3 3
𝑏2 9 16 3y = 10x ± 32
e =√1 − 𝑎2 = √1 − 25 = √1 − 25
4
= 10x -3y ± 32 = 0
5
4
ae = 5 * 5 = 4 => ae = 4 5) If the normal point ‘t 1’ on the parabola
y2 =4ax meets the parabola again at the
i)centre : (0,0) 2
point ‘t2’,then prove that t 2 = -( t1 + ).
t1
ii)Foci : (±ae,0 ) = (±4,0)
Soln:
iii)vertices : (±a, 0) = (±5 ,0)
(a t12 , 2a t1) equations of the normal
𝑎 5
iv)Directrices : x = ± 𝑒 = ± 4/5
y + x t1 = a t13, 2a t1
25
= ± 4
→ y – 2at1 = -xt1 + a t13
Y – 2at1 = - t1 (x – at12)

Parabola passes through (a t 22 , 2a t2) a2 =36 , b2 = 4
2a t2 -2a t1 = -t1(a t22 , a t12) This is an ellipse major axis is parallel to

x-axis.
2a( t2 - t1) = -at1 (t22 - t12)
Centre : x+5 = 0 y-4 = 0
2a( t2 - t1) = -at1 (t2 + t1) (t2 - t1)
x= -5 y=4
2 = -t1 (t2 + t1)
C (-5, 4) = (h,k)
−2
t 2 + t1 = 𝑡1
Vertices : ( h ±a,k)
2
t2 = -t1 - 𝑡1
= ( -5 + 6 ,4 ) , (-5 -6 ,4)
2
t2 = -( t1 + t2 ). = (1,4) , (-11,4 )
Hence proved. Foci : (h ± c,k)
=(-5-4√2 ,4) , (-5 + 4√2, 4 )
5 MARKS Where ;
C2 = a2+b2
1) Find the foci,vertices and length of = 36 – 4

the major and minor axis of the conic
4x2+36 y2+40x-288y +532 = 0. =32
Soln: C = √32 = ±4√2
Completing the square on x & y Length of major axis = 2a = 2(6) = 12 units
4x2+36 y2+40x-288y +532 = Length of minor axis = 2b = 2(2) = 4 units

0.
4(x2+10x) + 36 (y2-8y) = - 532

2) A semielliptical arch way over a one-
4(x + 10x + 5 – 5 ) + 36(y -
2 2 2 2 way road road has a height of 3m and a
8y + 4 – 4 ) = -532
2 2 width of 12m. Thetruck has a width of
3m and a height of 2.7m will the truck
4[ (x+5)2 -25 ] + 36 [(y – 4)2 - clear the opening of the archway?
16] = - 532
Soln:
4(x+5)2 + 36 (y – 4)2 = - 532+
100 + 576 From the diagram
(x+5)2 (y – 4)2 a=6 ,b = 3

=> + =1
36 4

 the equation of the ellipse is = (0, 3)
𝑥2 𝑦2
( 62 ) +( 32 ) = 1
The equation of the parabola
→①
(x –h) 2 = 4a (y-k)
 The edge of th 3m wide truck
corresponding to x =1.5m from X2 = 4a (y-3) →①
centre. [subt. Point (0,3)]
(1.5 )2 𝑦2 It passes through (30,16)

①→ ( ) +( )=1
36 9
302 =4a (16 -3)
𝑦2
( ) = 1
9
3/2)2 =4a (13)
–( )
36
30∗30
2 a= ( ) →②
Y = 9( 1 - 4∗13
9
(144 )) 30∗30
①→ x2 = 4 ( ) (y -3)
4∗13
= 9 30∗30
9(135) 135 X2 =( ) (y -3) →③
( )=( ) 13
144 16
i) If x = 6 ,then
135
Y = √( )
16 30∗30
③→ 36 = ( ) (y -3)
13
11.62
= ( ) 36∗13 52
4 (y -3) = ( 30∗30 ) = (100 ) = 0.52
= 2.90
Y = 3+0.52
Thus the height of archway
1.5m from the centre is 2.90 mapprox.
Y= 3.52 m
So,the truck will clear the archway.
ii)If x=12 ,then
30∗30
③→ 144 = ( ) (y -3)
3) parabolic of a 60 m portion of the 13
roadbed of a suspension bridge are 144∗13 208
positioned as shown in figure .vertical (y -3) = ( ) = ( 100 ) =
30∗30
cables are to be spaced every 6m along 2.08
this position of the roadbed .calculate
the length of first two of these vertical Y =3 + 2.08
cables from the vertex.
Y = 5.08m
Soln :
The length of he cables are 5.08m and
Vertex = ( h , k ) 3.52m.

4) Cross section of a nuclear cooling 𝑥2 (100)2
①→ ((30)2 ) +( ) = 1 =>
(44)2
tower is in the shape of a hyperbola with 𝑥2 10000
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 ((30)2 ) = 1 +( )
the equation((𝟑𝟎)𝟐 ) +( ) = 1. This 1936
(𝟒𝟒)𝟐
tower is 150m tall and the distance from 𝑥2 11936
((30)2 ) =( ) = 6.17
the top of the tower to the centre of the 1936
hyperbola is half the distance from the

x2 =302 *6.17
base of the tower to the center of the
hyperbola.Find the diameter of the top
x = 30√6.17 = 30 * (2.4839)
and base of the tower.
x = 74.51m
Soln:
Given : The diameter of the top = 45.41m
p+2p = 150 The diameter of the base = 74.51m.
3p = 150
P=50 5) point A and point B are 10 km apart

and it is determined from the sound of
 Distance from the top of the
the explosion heard at those points at
tower to the centre = 50 m.
different times that the location of the
 Distance from the base of the
explosion is 6km closer to A than B
tower to the centre = 100m.
shows that the location if the explosion
𝑥2 𝑦2 is restricted to a particular curve and
((30)2 ) +((44)2 ) =
find an equation of it.
1 →①
Soln:
i) if y =50 , then
𝑥2 𝑦2
sp – s’p = 6 =>2a = 6
①→ ((30)2 ) +((44)2 ) = 1 =>
𝑥2 (50)2 a=3
((30)2 ) = 1 +( (44)2 )
a2 =9
𝑥2 2500
((30)2 ) = 1 +( 1936 ) =
Midpoint of ss’ is c (0,0)
4436
( 1936 ) = 2.291
Then equation
 x = 30 *2.291
2 2
𝑥2 𝑦2
 x= 30√2.291 = 30 * − 𝑏2 = 1 →①
𝑎2
(2.4839)
 x = 74.51m cs = 5 => ae = 5
ii) if y = 100, then 3e = 5
5
e= 3

b2 = a2(e2-1)
25
=9( -1)
9
16
= 9( )
9
b2 = 16
𝑥2 𝑦2
①→ − 16 = 1
9
This is a hyperbola.

6. VECTOR ALGEBRA 3). Find the acute angle between the
𝒙+𝟒 𝒚−𝟕 𝒛+𝟓
following line = = .
2 MARKS 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓
1). Find the Cartesian equation if a line → = 4k + t (→ → + →)

𝒓 𝟐𝒊 + 𝒋 𝒌
passing through the points A(2, -1, 3)
and B(4, 2, 1) → = → +→+ → , → = → +→ +→
𝒃 𝟑𝒊 𝟒𝒋 𝟓𝒌 𝒅 𝟐𝒊 𝒋 𝒌
Sol.
Sol.
𝑥1 = 2, 𝑦1 = −1, 𝑧1 = 3 →→
𝑏 .𝑑 (3𝑖+4𝑗+5𝑘) (2𝑖+𝑗+𝑘)
cos𝛳 = = √32
|→||→| +42 +52 √22 +12 +12
𝑥2 = 4, 𝑦2 = 2, 𝑧2 = 1 𝑏 𝑑
𝑥−𝑥1 𝑦−𝑦1 𝑧−𝑧1 6+4+5

=𝑦 =𝑧 =
𝑥2 −𝑥1 2 −𝑦1 2 −𝑧1 √9+16+25√4+1+1
𝑥−2 𝑦−(−1) 𝑧−3 15 15

= 2−(−1) = 1−3 = =5
4−2 √50√6 √ 2 √6
𝑥−2 𝑦+1 𝑧−3 3 √3∗ √3

= = = = 2
2 3 −2 √4∗3 √3
√3
2). If the plane →. (∧ + → + → ) = 7 ϴ=
𝒓 𝟐𝒋 𝟑𝒌 2
and
√3
ϴ= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( 2 )
→.(→ +→ − → ) = 26 are 𝜋
𝒓 𝝀𝒊 𝟐𝒋 𝟕𝒌
ϴ =6
perpendicular. Find the value of λ.
4). For any vector → prove that
Sol. 𝒂
→. (→ +→ + → ) = 7, → * (→∗→) + → * (→∗→) +→ (→∗→)

𝑟 𝑖 2𝑗 3𝑘 𝒊 𝒂 𝒊 𝒋 𝒂 𝒋 𝒌 𝒂 𝒌
= 2→
→ 𝒂
𝑛1
→ = 𝒂𝟏 → +𝒂𝟐 → +𝒂𝟑 →
𝒂 𝒊 𝒋 𝒌
→.(→ +→ − → ) = 26
𝑟 𝜆𝑖 2𝑗 7𝑘
Sol.
→
𝑛2
→*(→∗→) = (→.→) → - (→.→) →
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑐 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
Perpendicular →. → = 0
𝑛1 𝑛2
∷ →*(→∗→) = (→.→) → − (→.→) → =
𝑖 𝑎 𝑖 𝑖 𝑖 𝑎 𝑖 𝑎 𝑖
(→ +→ + → ) . (→ +→ − → ) = 0 → −𝑎1 →
𝑖 2𝑗 3𝑘 𝜆𝑖 2𝑗 7𝑘 𝑎 𝑖
λ+ 4 – 21 = 0 ∷ →*(→∗→) = (→.→) → − (→.→) → =

𝑗 𝑎 𝑗 𝑗 𝑗 𝑎 𝑗 𝑎 𝑗
λ– 17 = 0, λ = 17 → −𝑎2 →
𝑎 𝑗

∷ →*(→∗→) = (→.→) → − (→.→) → = →→= |→| |→| sin (α +β)→ ----- (2)
𝑘 𝑎 𝑘 𝑘 𝑘 𝑎 𝑘 𝑎 𝑘 𝑏∗ 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑘
→ −𝑎3 →
𝑎 𝑘 sum (1) and (2)
= 3→ - (𝑎1 → +𝑎2 → +𝑎3 →)

𝑎 𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
sin (α +β) = sinα cosβ + cosα sinβ
= 3→ − → 2). Find the shortest distance between

𝑎 𝑎
the 2 given lines
= 2→
𝑎 →= (→ +→ + → ) + t (− → +→ − → )
𝑟 2𝑖 3𝑗 4𝑘 2𝑖 𝑗 2𝑘
5). Show that the points (2,3,4), (-1,4,5) 𝑥−3 𝑦 𝑧+1
and = −1 =
2 2
and (8,1,2) are collinear, can it passing
through 2 points. → = → +→+ → , → = − → +→− →
𝑎 2𝑖 3𝑗 4𝑘 𝑏 2𝑖 𝑗 2𝑘
𝑥−𝑥1 𝑦−𝑦1 𝑧−𝑧1
=𝑦 =𝑧
𝑥2 −𝑥1 2 −𝑦1 2 −𝑧1 → = → −→ , → = → −→+ →
𝑐 3𝑖 2𝑘 𝑑 2𝑖 𝑗 2𝑘
𝑥−2 𝑦−3 𝑧−4
= = → is parallel to →
−1−2 4−3 5−4
𝑏 𝑑
𝑥−2 𝑦−3 𝑧−4
= = sub (x,y,z) = (8,1,2) → − →= → − → − → − → − →
−3 1 1
𝑐 𝑎 3𝑖 2𝑘 2𝑖 3𝑗 4𝑘
8−2 1−3 2−4
 = = → − →= → − → − →
−3 1 1 𝑐 𝑎 𝑖 3𝑗 6𝑘
6
= -2 = -2
−3
|(→−→)∗→|
−2 = −2 = −2 => it is collinear :: d = 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏
|→|
𝑏
Part c
→ → →
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
1). Prove by vector method that (→ − →) ∗→= 1 −3 −6
𝑐 𝑎 𝑏
sin (α+β) = sinα cosβ + cosα sinβ −2 1 −2
Sol. =→ +→ −→
12𝑖 14𝑗 5𝑘
Let →= →
𝑎 𝑂𝐴 |→| = √(2)2 + (1)2 + (−2)2
𝑏
→=→
𝑏 𝑂𝐵 = √4 + 1 + 4 = √9 = 3
→ = cos α→ + sin 𝛼 →
𝑎 𝑖 𝑗 |→ +→ − → |
12𝑖 14𝑗 5𝑘
d= 3
→ = cos β→ + sin 𝛽 →
𝑏 𝑖 𝑗
√144+196+25 √365
= =
→ → → 3 3
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
→→= cos 𝛽 − sin 𝛽 0 3). Prove by vector method that the
𝑏∗ 𝑎
cos 𝛼 sin 𝛼 0 Area of quadrilateral ABCD having
→→ = → (sinα cos β + cos α sinβ) ---(1) diagonal AC and BD is ½ |→ ∗→ |
𝑏∗ 𝑎 𝑘 𝑨𝑪 𝑩𝑫
Sol.

Area of Quadrilateral ABCD = →+→+→ + →+→+→
𝑖 2𝑗 3𝑘 2𝑖 4𝑗 8𝑘
= Area of [ Δ ABC + Δ ACD]

→= →+→+→
𝑣 3𝑖 6𝑗 11𝑘
1
= ½ (→ ∗→ ) + 2 (→ ∗→ )
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐷 Part c 3 marks
1
= ½ (− → ∗→ ) + 2 (→ ∗→ ) 1). Find the Area of the triangle whose
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐷
vertices are A(3, -1, 2) B(1, -1, -3) and
= ½ → ∗ (− → + → ) c(4, -3, 1)
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐷
= ½ → ∗ (→ + → ) Sol.
𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐴 𝐴𝐷
= ½ (→ ∗→ ) → =→−→+→ ,→ =→−→−→ ,
𝑂𝐴 3𝑖 𝑗 2𝑘 𝑂𝐵 𝑖 𝑗 3𝑘
𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐷
→ =→−→+→
Area of quadrilateral ABCD = ½ |→ ∗→ | 𝑂𝐶 4𝑖 3𝑗 𝑘
𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐷
→ = → − → =→− →−→ −→+→−

4). Find the image of the point 𝐴𝐵 𝑂𝐵 𝑂𝐴 𝑖 𝑗 3𝑘 3𝑖 𝑗
→ =− → − →
→ + → + → in the plane 2𝑘 2𝑖 5𝐾
𝒊 𝟐𝒋 𝟑𝒌
→ = → − → = → − → + →− → + → −
𝐴𝐶 𝑂𝐶 𝑂𝐴 4𝑖 3𝑗 𝑘 3𝑖 𝑗
→ .( → +→+ → ) = 38
𝒓 𝒊 𝟐𝒋 𝟒𝒌 → =→ − → −→
2𝑘 𝑖 5𝑗 𝐾
Sol.
1
Area of Δ = 2 |→ ∗→ |
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶
→ = → +→+ → , → = → +→+ → , p=38
𝑢 𝑖 2𝑗 3𝑘 𝑛 𝑖 2𝑗 4𝑘
The vector of the image

→ → →
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
[𝑝 − (→.→)] |→ ∗→ | = −2 0 −5
𝑢 𝑛 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶
→=→ + 2 2 → 1 −2 −1
𝑣 𝑢 𝑛
|→|
𝑛 = → (0 − 10) −→ (2 + 5) +→ (4 − 0)
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
→.→ = (→ + → + → ) . (→ + → + → )
𝑣 𝑢 𝑖 2𝑗 3𝑘 𝑖 2𝑗 4𝑘 =→ − → + →
10𝑖 7𝑗 4𝑘
= 1 + 4 + 12 = 17
|→ ∗→ | = √(−10)2 + (−7)2 +(4)2
2 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶
|→| = (1)2 + (2)2 + (4)2
𝑛
= √100 + 49 + 16 = √165
= 1 + 4 + 16 = 21
Area of triangle = ½ √165 sq.units
(→+→ +→ )+ 2((38−17) (→+→ +→ ))
→= 𝑖 2𝑗 3𝑘 𝑖 2𝑗 4𝑘
2). Let → ,→, → be unit vector
𝑣 21 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
(→+→ +→ )
𝑖 2𝑗 4𝑘
= (→ + → + → ) + 2 (21) 21
𝑖 2𝑗 3𝑘

→ −→= → −→ = 0 and the angle → → →
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑐 𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝜋 1 1
between → 𝑎𝑛𝑑 → is 6 . Prove that →∗→= 1 − 12
𝑏 𝑐 𝑏 𝑑 2
1
→ = ±2(→∗ →) 1 1
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 6
Sol. 1 1 1 1
= → (12 + 12) −→ (6 + 12) +→ (1 −
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
1
Given → .→= → .→ = 0 =>→⊥ → )
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 2
𝑎𝑛𝑑 → ⊥→
𝑎 𝑐 2 3 1
→ ∗→= 12 → − 12 → + 2 →
𝑏 𝑐 𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
=> →⊥ 𝑟 𝑡𝑜
𝑎
1 1 1
(→ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 →) => → 𝑎𝑛𝑑 → 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 → ∗→= 6 → − 4 → + 2 →
𝑏 𝑐 𝑏 𝑐 𝑏 𝑐 𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
→ ∗→= |→| |→| 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 → (→ ∗→).(→ ∗→)

𝑏 𝑐 𝑏 𝑐 𝑛 𝑐 𝑑 𝑏 𝑎
𝜋 1 1
→ ∗→ = 1 *1 .sin 6 → = (→ − → + →).(6 → − → + 2 →)
𝑏 𝑐 𝑛 𝑖 2𝑗 𝑘 𝑖 4𝑗 𝑘
1 1 2 1 1
→ ∗→ = 2 → = +4 +2 =6 +1
𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 6
7
→ =2(→ ∗→ ) = 6 ≠0 hence it is shown
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
5 Marks 2). → + → + → , → − → + → ) ,
𝟐𝒊 𝟑𝒋 𝒌 𝒊 𝟐𝒋 𝟐𝒌
1). Show that x + 1 = 2y = -12z and → + → + → ) are coplanar

𝟑𝒊 𝒋 𝟑𝒌
x = y+2 = 6z-6 are show lines Sol.

Sol. → = (→ + → + →)
𝑎 2𝑖 3𝑗 𝑘
𝑥+1 𝑥+1 𝑦 𝑧
= 2y = -12z => = 1 = −1 ---(1)
1 1
2 12
→ = (→ − → + → )
𝑏 𝑖 2𝑗 2𝑘
𝑥 𝑦+2 6𝑧−6 𝑥 𝑦+2 𝑧−1

1
= 1
= 1
=1= 1
= 1 ----(2) → = (→ + → + → )
6 𝑐 3𝑖 𝑗 3𝑘
→ =−→ Coplanar → (→ ∗→) = 0

𝑎 𝑖 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
1 1 2 3 1
→=→+ →− →)
𝑏 𝑖 2 𝑗 12 𝑘 → (→ ∗→) = 1 −2 2
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
3 1 3
→= − → + →
𝑐 2𝑗 𝑘
= 2(-6-2) -3(3-6) + 1( 1+6)
1
→= → + → + 6 → = 2(-8) -3(-3) + 1(7)
𝑑 𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
→ − →= − → + → + → = → − → + → = -16 +9 + 7
𝑐 𝑑 2𝑗 𝑘 𝑖 𝑖 2𝑗 𝑘
= 0 :: It is coplanar

3). Find the two parameter sum of → = (→ + → + →)
𝑎 2𝑖 2𝑗 𝑘
vector can if the plane follow through
𝒙−𝟏 𝒚+𝟏
(2,3,6) and parallel to = = → = (→ + → + → )
𝟐 𝟑 𝑏 9𝑖 3𝑗 6𝑘
𝒛−𝟑
𝒂𝒏𝒅
𝟏 → = (→ + → + → )
𝑐 2𝑖 6𝑗 6𝑘
𝑥+3 𝑦−3 𝑧+1
= =
2 −5 −3 Vector equation :
Non parameter can(→ − →) ∗ (→∗→) = → = (1 − 𝑠) → +𝑠 → + 𝑡 →

𝑟 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑟 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
0
→ = (1 − 𝑠)(→ + → + →) + 𝑠 (→ + → +
𝑟 2𝑖 2𝑗 𝑘 9𝑖 3𝑗
→ = (→ + → + → ) → ) + t (→ + → + → )
𝑎 2𝑖 3𝑗 6𝑘
6𝑘 2𝑖 6𝑗 6𝑘
→ = (→ + → + →) Cartesian equation =
𝑏 2𝑖 3𝑗 𝑘
𝑥 − 𝑥1 𝑦 − 𝑦1 𝑧 − 𝑧1
→ = (→ − → − → ) 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 𝑧2 − 𝑧1 = 0
𝑐 2𝑖 5𝑗 3𝑘
𝑐1 𝑐2 𝑐3
→ → →
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘 𝑥−2 𝑦−2 𝑧−1
(→ ∗→) = 2 3 1 9−2 3−2 6−1 =0
𝑏 𝑐
2 −5 −3 2 6 6
= → (−9 + 5) −→(-6-2) +→ (−10 − 6) 𝑥−2 𝑦−2 𝑧−1
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
7 1 5 =0
=−→+→−→ ) 2 6 6
4𝑖 8𝑗 16𝑘
(x-2) (6-30) – (y-2) (42-10) + (z-1) (42-2)
(→ − →) ∗ (→∗→) = (→ − (→ + → + =0
𝑟 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑟 2𝑖 3𝑗
→ )) . (− → + → − → ) 50 (x-2) (-24) – (y-2) (32) + (z-1) (40) = 0
6𝑘 4𝑖 8𝑗 16𝑘
→ . (− → + → − → ) - (−8 + 24 − 96 ) -24x + 48 – 32y + 64 + 40z -40 = 0

𝑟 4𝑖 8𝑗 16𝑘
50 ÷ by -8 => 3x + 4y -5z -9 = 0
-4x +8y – 16z = -80 5). Prove by vector method that the
perpendicular form of vector to the
÷ by – 4 => x +2y + 4z = 20
opposite scale of a triangle area
X – 2y + 4z -20 = 0 concurrent
4). Find the parameter forum of vector Sol.

equation and Cartesian equation the
Δ ABC
plane following through the points (2, 2,
1), (9,3,6) and perpendicular to the → =→
𝑂𝐴 𝑎
plane 2x + 6y + 6z = 9
→ =→
Sol. 𝑂𝐵 𝑏

→ =→
𝑂𝐶 𝑐
→ ⊥r to → => → ⊥r →
𝐴𝐷 𝐵𝐶 𝑂𝐴 𝐵𝐶
=> →∗ (→ − →) = 0
𝑎 𝑐 𝑏
(→ →) . (→ → ) = 0 --- (1)
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 x𝑏
→ ⊥r to → => → ⊥r →
𝐵𝐸 𝐶𝐴 𝑂𝐵 𝐶𝐴
=> →∗ (→ − →) = 0
𝑏 𝑎 𝑐
(→∗→) − (→∗→) = 0 -- (2)

𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑐
(1) + (2) => (→∗→) − (→∗→) = 0

𝑎 𝑐 𝑏 𝑐
(→) . (→ − →) = 0
𝑐 𝑎 𝑏
→ ⊥r to →
𝑂𝐶 𝐵𝐴
→ ⊥r to →
𝐶𝐹 𝐵𝐴
:: All the altitude are concurrent

7. APPLICATIONS OF y-2 = 2 (x-0)
DIFFERENTIALCALCULUS y-2 = 2x
TWO MARKS =) 2x – y + 2 = 0
1). A particle moves so that the distance Equation of normal at (0,2)
moved is according to the law
1
𝑡3
y-𝑦1 = -𝑚 (x-𝑥1 )
s(t) = – t2 +3. At what time the velocity
3
1
and acceleration are zero respectively ? y-2 = -2(x-0)
sol. 2(y-2) = - 1 (x)

3𝑡3
S(t) = - t2 +3 2y – 4 = -x
3
3𝑡2 X+2y- 4 = 0
V: S’(t) = - 2t
3
3). Show that the value in the conclusion
A: S”(t) = 2t – 2 𝟏
of the mean value theorem for f(x) = 𝐱 on
S’ (t) = 0 =) t 2 -2t = 0 a closed interval of positive numbers a,b
t(t-2) = 0 is √𝐚𝐛
t=0, t = 2 F(x) is continuous in (a,b) and

differentiable in (a,b) by mean value
: Velocity is zero at t = 0, 2 theorem, there exist c (a,b) such that
S”(t) = 0 =) 2t – 2 = 0 𝑓(𝑏)−𝑓(𝑎)
F’(c) = - (1)
𝑏−𝑎
2t = 2, t = 1
1
F(x) = 𝑥
Acceleration is zero at t = 1
−1 −1
=) f’ (x) = =) f’ (c) = 𝑐2
2) Find the tangent and normal to the 𝑥2
curve 1 1
1 ( )−( )
𝑏 𝑎
(1)=) -𝑐2 =
Y = x4 + 2e x at (0,2) 𝑏−𝑎
1 1
𝑑𝑦
= 4x3 + 2e2 -𝑐2 =𝑏−𝑎(1/b)-(1/a)
𝑑𝑥
1
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑏−𝑎(a-b/ba)
M = (𝑑𝑥 ) (0,2), =4(0) + 2e2
1
M = 0 + 2(1) -𝑐2 = ab, c=√𝑎𝑏
M=2 4). Find the absolute extrema of the

function f(x) = 3x4 – 4x3 on (-1,2)
Equation of tangent at (0,2)
F’(x) = 12x3 – 12x2
y-𝑦1 = m(x-𝑥1 )

= 12x2 (x-1) 1
= 1−0 , = 1
F’(x) = 0 =) 12x3 (x-1) = 0
≈ y =1 is the horizontal asymptote
X=0, x=1
3 marks
Critical numbers: x = 0,1
1). Show that the two curves
F(x) = 3x4 – 4x3
X2-y2 =r2 and xy = c2
F(0) = 3(0) – 4(0) = 0
Where c,r are constant orthogonally
F(1) = 3(1) – 4(1) = 3-4 = -1
X2 – y2 = r2
F(-1) = 3(-1)4 – 4(-1)3 = 3(1)-4(-1)
Diff w.r.to x
= 3+4 = 7 𝑑𝑦
2x – 2y 𝑑𝑥 = 0
F(2) = 3(2)4- 4(2)3
𝑑𝑦
-2y 𝑑𝑥 = -2x
=3(16)-4(8)
𝑑𝑦 −2𝑥
=48 -32 =16 = −2𝑦
𝑑𝑥
Absolute maximum is 16 𝑑𝑦 𝑥
𝑚1 = (𝑑𝑥 )(𝑥1, 𝑦1 ) =𝑦1
1
Absolute minimum is -1
Let(x1,y1)be the point of intersection
5). Find the asymptote of the curve
Xy = c2
𝒙𝟐
f(x) =𝒙𝟐−𝟏
𝑐2
Y= 𝑥
x2-1 = 0 =) x2-1
𝑑𝑦 −𝑐 2
=
x=±1 𝑑𝑥 𝑥2
𝑥2 𝑑𝑦 −𝑐 2
lim 𝑓(𝑥)=lim 𝑥2−1 𝑚2 = (𝑑𝑥 )(𝑥1, 𝑦1 ) =
𝑥→1 𝑥→1 𝑥12
1 1 𝑥 −𝑐 2
=1−1 =0 = ∞ 𝑚1 x𝑚2 = (𝑦1 ) ( 𝑥 2 )
1 1
𝑥2
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim −𝑐 2
𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1 𝑥2−1 =𝑥
1 𝑦1
(−1)2 1 1
= (−1)2−1 = 1−1 = 0 = ∞ =
−𝑐 2
=)𝑥1, 𝑦1 = 𝑐 2
𝑐2
X = 1 and x =-1 are vertical asymptotes 𝑚1, 𝑚2= −1

𝑥2 1
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim (1 − 𝑥 2 ) The given curves cut orthogonally
𝑥→∞ 𝑥→∞ 𝑥2
1 2). Expand log (1+x) as a maclaurins

= lim
𝑥→∞ 1−𝑥 2 series upto 4 non zero terms for -1<x≤1

𝜋 𝜋
= - cos 2 sin 2
lim𝜋 log 𝑔(𝑥) = -(0)(1)

𝑥→
2
Log(1+x) Values at
And its X=0
derivatives Log [lim𝜋 𝑔(𝑥)] = 0
𝑥→
F(x) Log(1+x) Log 1 = 0 2
F’(x) 1 1
=1
1+0 lim𝜋 𝑔(𝑥) = e0 = 1
1+𝑥 𝑥→
2
F”(x) −1 −1
=-1
(1+0)2
(1 + 𝑥 )2 4). Find two positive numbers whose
F”’(x) (−1)(−2)
=
2 2
=2 sum is 12 and their product is maximum
(1+𝑥)3 (1+𝑥)3 (1+0)3
F1v(x) 2(−3) −6 −6
= =-6 Let the numbers be x,y
(1+𝑥)4 (1+4)4 (1+0)4
Maclaurins series
Sum = 12
𝑥 𝑥2
f(x) = f(0) + 1!f’(0)+ 2! f’’(0)+… X+y =12
𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4 Y = 12-x
log (1+x) = 0 + 1!(1)+ 2! (-1)+ 3! (2)+ 4! (-
6)+.. Product A =XY
𝑥 𝑥2 2𝑥 3 6𝑥 4 A = x(12-x)
=1 - 1∗2 +1∗2∗3 - 1∗2∗3∗4 +…..
A(x) = 12x – x2
𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4
Log (1+x) = x - + - +….
2 3 4
A’(x) = 12 -2x
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
3) Evaluation :lim𝜋(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
𝑥→
2
A’’(x) = -2
Let g(x) = (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 For maximum, A’(x) =0
Log g(x) = log (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥  12 – 2x = 0

-2x = 12
= tan x. log (sin x) x= 6
log(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
When x=6, A’’(X) = -2 < 0
Log g(x) = A (x) is maximum at n=6
cot 𝑥
X=6 => y = 12 – 6, y = 6
log(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) 0
lim𝜋 log 𝑔(𝑥)=lim𝜋 ( )form Required numbers = 6, 6
𝑥→ 𝑥→ cot 𝑥 0
2 2
Maximum value = xy
Applying L Hospital rule = (6)(6)
= 36
1
.𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
=lim𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 5) Show that there lies point on the
𝑥→ −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
2
curves
=lim𝜋(−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) 𝝅
𝑥→
2 F(x) = x(x+3) 𝒆− 𝟐 , -3≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟎

𝜋 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑟
i.e f(x) = (𝑥 2 +3x) 𝑒 − 2 𝑑𝑡
= 4π (2r 𝑑𝑡 )
𝜋
− 250
f’(x) = (2x+3) 𝑒 2 = 8π (7) ( )
49𝜋
f(x) is continuous in (-3,0) 𝑑𝑠 2000

=
𝑑𝑡 7
and differentiable in (-3,0)
Rate of change of surface area is
and f(-3) = f (0) =0 By Rolle’s theorem 2000
cm2/sec
7
there exist c € (-3,0) such that f’(c) = 0
𝜋 2)Find the angle between y=x2 and
:: −
(2c+3) 𝑒 2 =0
Y= (x-3)2
−𝜋
2c + 3 = 0, 𝑒 ≠0
2
Sol
2c = -3
Y = x2 -(1)
3
C = - 2 = - 1.5 €(-3,0) Y = (x-3)2 –(2)
:: At x = -1.5 the tangent is parallel to the From (1) And (2)
X –axis X2 = (x-3)2
5 MARKS X2 = x2 – 6x +9
1. If we blow air into a ballon of 6x = 9

spherical shape at a rate of 1000 cm3per
3
second,at what rate the radius of the X=2
balloon changes when the radious is 7
3
cm ? also compute the rate at which the Y= x2 => y = (2)2 = 9/4
surface area changes.
Intersection point is (3/2), (9/4)
Let r be the radious of spherical
ballon Y = x2
4
Volume : v = 3πr3 𝑑𝑦
= 2x
𝑑𝑣 4 𝑑𝑥
2𝑑𝑟
= 3 𝜋 (3r )
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦 3 9 3
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑟
= 4πr2 𝑑𝑡 -(1) 𝑚1 = (𝑑𝑥 ), (2 , 4) =2(2)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣
Given : r = 7cm, = 1000cm 𝑚1 =3
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑟
(1) => 1000 = 4π (7)2 𝑑𝑡
Y = (𝑥 − 3)2
𝑑𝑟 1000 250
= 4𝜋(7)2 = 49𝜋 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑡
=2(x-3)
𝑑𝑥
250
:: Rate of change of radius is 49𝜋 cm/sec 𝑑𝑦 39 3−3
𝑚2 =(𝑑𝑥 ),(2 4) = 2( )
2
Surface area :: S = 4πr 2

3−6 monotonicity Strictly Strictly Strictly
= 2( )
2
increasing decreasing increasing
𝑚2 = -3
Let F(x) strictly increasing on (-∞,-1),

𝜃 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑠 (1/2,∞), strictly decreasing on (-1,1/2)
F’(x) changes from positive to negative

𝑚1−𝑚2
tan𝜃 = |1+𝑚1𝑚2| when possing through x = -1
F (x) has local maximum at x = -1

3−(−3)
=|1+(3)(3)|
Maximum value = f (-1)
3+3
=|1−9| = 4 (-3)3 + 3(-1)2 – 6(-1)
+1
6
=|−8|
= -4 + 3 + 6 + 1
3
tanϴ = 4 =6
3
ϴ = tan-1(4) F’(x) changes from negative to positive
thoughts x = ½
3)For the function f(x) =4x3 + 3x2 – 6x +1
:: f (x) has local minimum at x = ½
find the intervals of monotonicity and
local extreme Local minimum value
F(x) = 4x3 + 3x2 – 6x + 1 = f(1/2)
F’(x) = 12x2 + 6x – 6 1 3 1 2 1
= 4 (2) + 3(2) -6(2) + 1
F’(x) = 6(2x2 + x – 1)
1 1
= 4 (8) + 3(4) -3 + 1
F’ (x) =6(x+1) (2x-1)
1 3
F’(x) = 0 =2+4-2
 6(x+1) (2x-1) = 0 2+3−8 3

= ,=-4
X = -1,or 2x -1 = 0 4
2x = 1 5) A rectangular page is to contain

X=½ 24cm2 of print, The margins at the top
and bottom of the page are 1.5 cm and
Critical numbers are x = -1, ½
the margins at other sides of the page is
Intervals : (-∞, -1), (-1,1/2),(-1/2,∞) 1cm. What should be the dimensions of
the page so that the area of the paper
Intervals (-∞,-1) (-1,1/2) (1/2, ∞) used is minimum
X = -2 X=0
Sign of (-)(-)=+ (-)(+)= - (+)(+) = +
Sol
f’(x)=
6(x+1)(2x-1)

Let x and y be the length and breadth of 1. Domain : (-∞,∞)
the printed page
2.Intercepts :
Length of pole = x +2
Y = 0 => x =3, x = -2
Breadth of paper = y + 3
X = 0 = > y = -6
Area : A = (x+ 2) (y + 3)
X intercepts : (3,0) , (-2,0)
A = XY + 3X + 2Y + 6
Y intercepts : = -6
By data, xy = 24
3. f’ (x) = 2x -1
Y = 24/x
F’ (x) =0 => 2x -1 = 0
24
:: A = 24+ 3x + 2( 𝑥 ) + 6 2x = 1
48
A (X) = 3X + + 30 X=½
𝑋
48 :: Critical point occurs at x = ½

A’ (X) = 3 - 𝑋 2
4. f’’(x) = 2> 0 ≠ x
(−48)(−2) 96
A’’ (X) = = 𝑋3
𝑋3
:: At x = ½, f(x) has a local minimum
48
A’(X) =0=>3-𝑋 2 = 0 1
Minumum value = f(2)
48
3 = 𝑋2 (1)2 1
= -( ) -6
(2) 2
2
X = 16 => X = 4
1 1
=4-2-6
96
When x = 4, A’’ (x) = 43 >0
1−2−24 −25
= =
4 4
:: A (X) is minimum at x = 4
24 24 5. Range of f(x) is
X = 4 => y = 𝑥 = =6
4
25
Y ≥ -4
For minimum area
6. f’’ (x) = 2, ≠ x
Length = x + 2 = 4+2 = 6cm
:: f(x) is concave upward in the entire real
Breadth = y + 3 = 6 + 3 = 9cm
line
6)Sketch the curve
7. f(x) has no points of inflection
y = f(x) = x – x – 6
2
8. The curve has no asymptotes
f(x) = x – x – 6
2
=>y =(x – 3) (x + 2)

𝜕𝑣
8. DIFFERENTIALS AND = x+z+0 = x+z
𝜕𝑦
PARTIAL DERIVATIVES
𝜕𝑣
= 0+y+x = y+x
2 MARKS 𝜕𝑧
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣
1) Find df for f(x) = x2 +3x and dv = 𝜕𝑥 dx+ 𝜕𝑦 dy + 𝜕𝑧
dz
evaluate it for x=3 and dx = 0.02.
dv= (y+z) dx + (x+z) dy + (x+y) dz
f(x) =x2 +3x → f ‘(x) = 2x +3
4) An egg of a particular bird is very
→df = (2*3+3) 0.02 nearly spherical .If the radius to the
𝑑𝑓 inside of the shell is 5mm and radius to
= 9(0.02) [ :. f’(x) = 𝑑𝑥 ]
the ouside of the shell is 5.3mm , find
the volume of the shell approximately.
df =0.18
Soln:
2 )Find a linear approximation for the
following function at the indicated Volume of the sphere = 3 π r3
4
points
Given r =5mm ,∆r = dr =5.3-5 = 0.3mm
f(x) = x3-5x+12, x0 = 2.
𝑑𝑣 4
Soln; =3 π 3 r2
𝑑𝑟
f(x0) = 23-5(2)+12 dv= 4πr2dr => 4π(5*5) (0.3)
= 8 -10 +12 = 30πmm3
f(x0) = 10 5) Evaluate 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒈(𝒙, 𝒚), if the

(𝒙,𝒚)→(𝟏,𝟐)
𝟑𝒙𝟐 −𝒙𝒚
f’(x) = 3x2-5 limit exist , where g(x,y) = 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 +𝟑 .
f’(0) = f’(2) = 3(2)2-5
𝟑𝒙𝟐 −𝒙𝒚
Given : g(x,y) = 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 +𝟑
= 3(4) -5 = 7
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒈(𝒙, 𝒚)=
L(x) = f(x0) +f’(x0) (x-x0) (𝒙,𝒚)→(𝟏,𝟐)
L(x) = 10 +7(x-2) => 10+7x-14 => 7x- 𝟑𝒙𝟐 −𝒙𝒚

lim(x,y ) →(1, 2 ) 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 +𝟑
4
𝟑(𝟏)𝟐 −𝟏(𝟐) 3−2 1
3)Let v(x,y,z) = xy +yz+zx ,x,y,z ∈ R. = 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 +𝟑
= 8
=8
Find the differential dv.
3 MARKS
Soln:
1 . Find ∆f and df for the function f for the
v(x,y,z) = xy +yz + zx indicated values of x ,∆x and compare
𝜕𝑣
𝜕𝑥
= y+0+z = y+z f(x) = x3 -2x2 ; x=2 , ∆x =dx = 0.5
df = f ‘ (x) ∆x

= (3 x3 -4x) ∆x 𝜕𝑈 3𝑥 3 𝜕𝑈 3𝑦 3
= x3 +y3+z3 , 𝜕𝑦 = x3 +y3+z3 ,
𝜕𝑥
2
= [3(2) -4(2) ] 0.5
𝜕𝑈 3𝑧 3
= x3 +y3+z3
𝜕𝑧
= [3(4) – 8 ] 0.5
𝜕𝑈 𝜕𝑈 𝜕𝑈 3𝑥 3 3𝑦 3
= (12 -8 ) 0.5 + + = = x^3 +y^3+z^3 +x^3 +y^3+z^3
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
3𝑧 3
= 4(0.5) + x^3 +y^3+z^3
= 2.0 3(x2 +y+z3)

=>x^3 +y^3+z^3
∆f = f(x + ∆x) –f (x)
𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐
4) If u (x,y) = ,prove that
= f ( 2+0.5) –f (2) √𝒙+𝒚
𝝏𝑼 𝝏𝑼 𝟑
x +𝒚 = u
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚 𝟐
= f (2.5) – f(2)
Soln:
= [ (2.5)3 -2(2.5)2] –[ 23- 2(2)2]
𝑥 2+𝑦 2
=[ 15.625 - 12.5] – [8 -8] u (x,y) =
√𝑥+𝑦
= 3.125 (𝜆𝑥)2+(𝜆𝑦)2
u (𝜆x, 𝜆y) =
√𝜆𝑥+𝜆𝑦
𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐
2 . show that f ( x,y) = is −1
𝒚𝟐 +𝟏 3
continuous at every (x,y) ∈ R . 2 𝜆2 2 u (x,y) = 𝜆 u (x,y )
2
𝟑
Let ( a,b) ∈ R2 be an arbitrary point Thus U is homogenous with degree 𝟐 ,
𝑎 2 +𝑏2
and so by Euler’s Theorem .
i)f(a,b) = is defined for ∀ (a,b ) ∈
𝑏2 +1
2 𝜕𝑈 𝜕𝑈
R x 𝜕𝑥 + y 𝜕𝑦 = n u
𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 𝝏𝑼 𝝏𝑼 𝟑
ii) lim 𝐟 ( 𝐱, 𝐲) = lim x 𝝏𝒙 + y 𝝏𝒚 = 𝟐 u .
(𝑥,𝑦)→(𝑎,𝑏) (𝑥,𝑦)→(𝑎,𝑏) 𝒚𝟐 +𝟏
𝑎 2 +𝑏2 5 . If v ( x,y,z ) = x3 +y3+z3+ 3xyz,shows

= =L
𝑏2 +1 𝝏^𝟐𝒗 𝝏^𝟐𝒗
that 𝝏𝒚𝝏𝒛 = 𝝏𝒚𝝏𝒛 .
Limit exist at (a ,b ) ∈ R2
Given : v ( x,y,z ) = x3 +y3+z3+ 3xyz
iii) lim 𝐟 ( 𝐱, 𝐲) = L = f(a,b)
(𝑥,𝑦)→(𝑎,𝑏)
𝜕𝑣
𝑎 2+𝑏2 = 0 +0+3z2 + 3xy = 3z2 +3xz
= 𝜕𝑧
𝑏2+1
𝜕𝑣
:. f is continuous at every point on R2. = 0 +3y2+0 + 3xz = 3y2 +3xz
𝜕𝑦
3 ) If U( x,y,z ) = log (x3 +y3+z3) 𝜕^2𝑣 𝜕 𝜕𝑣

= 𝜕𝑧 ( ) = 0 + 3x = 3x→①
𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧

𝜕^2𝑣 𝜕 𝜕𝑣 = 0.00596
= 𝜕𝑧 ( ) = 0+ 3x = 3x →②
𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑦
= 0.006
From ① &②
iv) Percentage error = Relative error *
𝝏^𝟐𝒗 𝝏^𝟐𝒗
= 𝝏𝒚𝝏𝒛 . 100
𝝏𝒚𝝏𝒛
= 0.6 %
5 MARKS
2 ) w( x,y,z ) = xy +yz + zx ; x=u-v ;
1 ) The radius of a circular plate is
measured as 12.65 cm instead of actual y =uv; z = u+v .
length 12.5cm .find the following in
Given :
calculating the area of the circular
plate. w( x,y,z ) = xy +yz + zx ; x=u-v ;
r= 12.65 , 𝚫 r = ± 0.15 y =uv; z = u+v .
Area of circle A = 𝝅 r2 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤
=y+z; =x+z; + y+x.
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑑𝐴 x= u-v y = uv z = u+v .
=2𝝅r
𝑑𝑟
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
= 1 , 𝜕𝑣 = -1 ; = v, 𝜕𝑣 = u ;
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
= 2 𝝅 * 12.65 * (+0.15) 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
=1 , 𝜕𝑣 = 1.
𝜕𝑢
Approximate error = 3.795𝜋 cm2 ( uv + u + v ) (1) + 2u (v) + ( uv +u –

v)(1).
Actual error = A ( 12.5 ) – A ( 12.65 )
= uv + u+ v+ 2uv + uv+ u-v.
= 𝜋(12.5) 2 - 𝜋( 12.65 )2
𝜕𝑤
= 𝜋( 156.25 – 160.0225) = 4uv +2u = 2u (2v+1)
𝜕𝑢
= 3.7725 𝝅 cm2
𝜕𝑤 1
i) Absolute Error = Actual error – ( 𝜕𝑢 ) 1 = 2 * 2 ( 2+1) = 1 (2+1) =3
( −1)
2
Appropriate
𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑧
error. = + 𝜕𝑦 + 𝜕𝑧
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣
= 3.7725 𝜋 - ( 3.795 𝜋 ) = ( uv+ v+u) (-1) + (2u) (u) +

= 0.0225 𝝅 cm2 (uv+u-v )(1).
𝐴𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟
ii) Relative error =
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟
= -u –u –v +2u2 +uv +u –v
0.0225 𝜋 = 2u2 – 2v = 2( u2 –v )
= 3.7725 𝜋

𝝏𝒘 1 −3 𝝏𝒛
∴ ( 𝝏𝒗 ) = 2 (4 − 1) = 2( 4 ) = 2(2) (-1) + 3( -1)4
(
𝟏
−𝟏) 𝝏𝒙 ( 2,−1 )
𝟐
−𝟑
= -4 + 3 = -1.
= ( 𝟐 ).
𝝏𝒛
= x2+ 12xy 3
𝝏𝒚
𝒙+𝒚 𝝏𝒖
3 )If u = sin -1 ( ) ,shows that x 𝝏𝒙
√𝒙+√𝒚 𝝏𝒛
𝝏𝒖 𝟏 = 22 + 12 (2) (-1) 3
+ y 𝝏𝒚 = 𝟐 tan u . 𝝏𝒚 ( 2,−1 )
= 4- 24 = -20
Soln:
𝑥+𝑦
Linear appropriation
f(x,y) = ( ) = sin u is homogeneous.
√𝑥+√ 𝑦 𝝏𝒛
L ( x, y ) = z (2, -1 ) + 𝝏𝒙 ( 2,−1 ) (x -2)
𝑡𝑥+𝑡𝑦 𝑡
f(tx ,ty ) = ( ) = ( 𝑡)
√𝑡𝑥+√𝑡𝑦 √ 𝝏𝒛
+𝝏𝒚 ( 2,−1 ) ( y + 1).
1
= 𝑡 2 f(x,y) ,∀ x,y,t ≥ 0.
= 2 + (-1)(x- 2) + (-20) ( y + 1
𝟏 )
Thus f is homogeneous with degree 𝟐
,by Euler’s theorem. = 2 – x + 2 – 20 y -20
𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓 1
x 𝜕𝑥 + y 𝜕𝑦 = 2 f (x,y) = -x - 20y + 16
L ( x, y ) = -(x + 20y – 16 ).
put , f = sin u
𝜕 sin 𝑢 𝜕 sin 𝑢 1 5) Show that the percentage error in
x +y = sin u.
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 2 the nth root of a number is
𝟏
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 1 approximately 𝟐 times the percentage
x cosu 𝜕𝑥 + y cosu 𝜕𝑦 = 2 sin u.
error in the number.
Dividing bothsides by cos u Soln:
𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝟏 1
x 𝝏𝒙 + y 𝝏𝒚 = 𝟐 tan u.
Let the number be x its nth root 𝑥 𝑛 = y
4 ) Let z (x,y ) = x2y + 3xy4 , x, y ∈ R . 1

y =𝑥𝑛
Find the linear approximation for z at
(2, -1 ) taking log ,
Soln:
𝟏
Let z (x,y) = x2y + 3xy4 , x, y ∈ R. log y = log 𝒙 𝒏
z( 2, -1 ) = 22(-1) + 3(2)(-1)4
𝟏
log y = log x.
𝒏
=-4+6=2
𝝏𝒛
= 2xy +3xy4 ,
Differntiate with respect to x
𝝏𝒙

𝟏 𝒅𝒚 𝟏 𝟏
=𝒏
𝒚 𝒅𝒙 𝒙
𝒅𝒚 𝟏 𝒅𝒙
= (𝒙 )
𝒚 𝒏
𝒅𝒚 𝟏 𝒅𝒙
* 100= ( 𝒙 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎)
𝒚 𝒏
∆𝑦 𝒅𝒚 𝟏 𝒅𝒙
*100 ≈ *100 = 𝒏 ( 𝒙 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎)
𝑦 𝒚
𝟏
% error of y ≈ ( % error on x ).
𝒏

𝝅
9. APPLICATION ON 3). Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒙𝟐 cosnxdx where n is a
INTEGRATION positive integer
TWO MARKS Sol.
𝟏
1). Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 as the limit of sum Take u =x2 dv = cosnx :: integration
sinnx
Sol. u’ = 2x v= ∫ 𝑑𝑟 =
𝑛
F(x) = x a = 0 and b = 1 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥

−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥
𝑏
∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = lim
1
∑𝑛 𝑓( )
𝑟 u” = 2 𝑣1 = 𝑛2
𝑛→ ∞ 𝑛 𝑟=1 𝑛
−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥
1 1
∑𝑛𝑟=1( )
𝑟 𝑣2 =
∫0 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = lim 𝑛3
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 𝑛
𝜋
1 I = ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
= lim [1 + 2 + 3 +…n]
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥 𝜋
1 𝑛(𝑛+1)
= {x2 ( ) – 2x ( ) +2 ( )0
𝑛 𝑛2 𝑛3
= lim ( )
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 2 2
2𝜋(−1)𝑛
I= sinnπ = 0, cosnπ = (−1)𝑛
1+
1 𝑛2
1
= lim 𝑛2 ( 𝑛
)
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 2 2 𝜋
4). Evaluate ∫02 𝑠𝑖𝑛10 𝑥𝑑𝑥
1 1
= lim (n+𝑛)
𝑛→∞ 2 Sol.
1 1 𝜋
= 2 (1+0) = 2
I = ∫02 𝑠𝑖𝑛10 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝟏 𝒅𝒙
2). Evaluate ∫−𝟏 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙+𝟓 10−1 10−3 10−5 10−7 10−9 𝜋
=( ) (10−2) (10−4) (10−6) (10−8) 2
10
Sol. 9 7 5 3 1 𝜋
= 10 . 8 . 6 . 4 . 2 . 2
X2 + 2x+ 5 = x2 + 2x + 1 + 4 = (x+1)2 +
63𝜋
22 = 512
1 𝑑𝑥 ∞
I = ∫−1 22 +(𝑥+1)2 5). Evaluate ∫0 𝑥 5 𝑒 −3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑥+1 1 Sol.
I = (2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )) −1
2
∞ 𝑛!
1 -1 1+1 -1 −1+1 ∫0 𝑥 𝑛 𝑒 −𝑎𝑥 dx = 𝑎𝑛+1
I = 2{tan - tan }
2 2
1 2 n=5, a=3
= 2 tan-1(2)
∞ 5! 5!
∫0 𝑥 5 𝑒 −3𝑥 dx = 35+1 = 36
1
= 2 tan-1 (1)
1𝜋 𝜋
=24=8

6). Find the area of two redion bounded 3 MARKS
by the line 6x+5y = 30, x-axis and the
𝟏
line x=-1 and x=3 1). Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒙𝟑 dx as two limit of
sum
Sol.
Sol.
Area bounded by two line 6x + 5y = 30,
F(x) = x3 a = 0 and b = 1
x-axis
𝑏 1 𝑟
𝑏 ∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = lim ∑𝑛𝑟=1 𝑓( )
A= ∫𝑎 𝑦𝑑𝑥 𝑛→∞ 𝑛 𝑛
1 1 𝑟3
3 30−6𝑥 ∫0 𝑥 3 dx = lim ∑𝑛 𝑓( 3)
= ∫−1 5 dx 𝑛→∞ 𝑛 𝑟=1 𝑛
1
1 3
= 5 (30x – 3𝑥 2 )−1 = lim {13+ 23+…+n3}
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 4
1 1 1 𝑛 2(𝑛+1)2
= 5(90 -27) - 5 (-30 -3) = lim
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 4 4
96 1
= sq.units 𝑛 4 1+
5 = lim 𝑛4 ( 4 𝑛)2
𝑛→∞
7). Find the volume of the solid (1+0)2 1
generated by revolving about two x – = =4
4
axis, the region enclosed by y = 2x2, y =
2). Find the approximate value of
0 and 𝟏.𝟓
∫𝟏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 by applying two left end rule
x=1 with the partition{1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5}
Sol. Sol.
Y= 2x2 Δx = 1.1 – 1 = 0.1
Y=0, => x= 0, x = 1 n=5
𝑏
Volume v = π∫𝑎 𝑦 2 dx 𝑥0 = 1, 𝑥1 = 1.1, 𝑥2 = 1.2, 𝑥3 = 1.3,
1 𝑥4 = 1.4, 𝑥5 = 1.5
= 𝜋 ∫0 4𝑥 4 dx
𝑏
𝑥5 ∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = {f(x) + f(𝑥1 ) + f(𝑥2 ) + f(𝑥3 )
= 4π ( ) 10
5
+ f(𝑥4 ) + }𝛥𝑥
1
= 4π (5) 1.5
∫1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = {f(1) + f(1.1) + f(1.2) +
4𝜋
= f(1.3) + f(1.4) + } 0.1
5
={1 +1.1 +1.2 + 1.3 + 1.4 }0.1
= (6) (0.1)

1.5 Sol.
∫1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 0.6
Equation of the parabola y2 = 4ax
𝟏 𝟏−𝒙
3). Evaluate ∫𝟎 √𝟏+𝒙 dx
Y = 2 √𝑎 √𝑥
Sol. Equation of the latus rectum x =a
Parabola symmetrical about x –axis

1 √1−𝑥 1 √1−𝑥 √1−𝑥
∫0 dx = ∫0 * dx Required area A = 2 {Above x – axis }
√1−𝑥 √1+𝑥 √1−𝑥
1 1−𝑥 X=0, x=a

= ∫0 dx x= sint
√1−𝑥 2
𝑎
𝜋 = 2 ∫0 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
= ∫0 2 cos tdt , dx = cos tdt
√1−𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑡 𝑎
= 2 ∫0 2 √𝑎√𝑥 dx
𝜋
= ∫02 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑡 3
𝑥2
= 4√𝑎 { 3 }𝑎0
= (t+ cos t)π/2 2
𝜋 𝜋 8
= ( + cos ) – ( 0 + cos 0) = √𝑎(a√𝑎)
3
2 2
𝜋 8
=2-1 = 3 𝑎2
𝟏
4). Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒙𝟓 (1-𝒙𝟐 )5dx 5 MARKS
𝟒
Sol. 1). Evaluate : ∫𝟏 (𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑) dx as the
1
limit of a sum.
I = ∫0 𝑥 5 (1-𝑥 2 )5dx , [ x =sin ϴ]
Sol.
𝜋
= ∫0 sin5 ϴ(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛳)5 cos ϴ dϴ
2
𝑏
∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
𝜋
= ∫02 𝑠𝑖𝑛5 𝛳 𝑐𝑜𝑠11 ϴ dϴ :: [dx = = lim
𝑏−𝑎
∑𝑛𝑟=1 𝑓(𝑎 + (𝑏 − 𝑎) )
𝑟
𝑛→ ∞ 𝑛 𝑛
cosϴdϴ]
10 8 6 4 2 1
F(x) = 2x2 + 3
= 16 ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ *6
14 12 10 8
[x=0,sinϴ=0] a = 1, b =4
𝑟 1+3𝑟 2
1 f(a+(b-a) 𝑛) = 2 ( ) +3
= 336 [x=1, sin ϴ=1, ϴ 𝑛
𝜋
=2] 18𝑟 2 12𝑟
=5+ +
𝑛2 𝑛
5). Find the area of the region bounded
4 3 18𝑟 2
between the parabolic y2 = 4ax and its ∫1 (2𝑥 2 + 3)𝑑𝑥 = lim ∑𝑛𝑟=1(5 + +
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 𝑛2
latus rectum. 12𝑟
)
𝑛

15 54 36 𝜋
= lim { 𝑛 ∑𝑛𝑟=1 1 + 𝑛3 ∑𝑛𝑟=1 𝑟 2 + 𝑛2 I + I =∫04 log(1 + tan 𝑡) + log (1+tan 𝑡 ) dt
2
𝑛→∞
∑𝑛𝑟=1 𝑟}
𝜋
2
15 54 𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+𝑛) 36 𝑛(𝑛+1)
2I = ∫04 log(1 + tan 𝑡) (1+tan 𝑡) dt
= lim [ 𝑛 𝑛 + 𝑛3 + 𝑛2 ]
𝑛→∞ 6 2
𝜋
1 1 1 = log 2∫04 𝑑𝑡
= lim {15 + 9(1 + 𝑛)(2+𝑛) +18 (1+𝑛)}
𝑛→∞
𝜋
= 15 + 9 (1) (2) + 18 (1) = log 2 (t)04

𝜋
= 15 + 18 + 18 = 51 = log 2 ( 4 )
𝟏 𝐥𝐨𝐠 (𝟏+𝒙) 𝜋
2). Evaluate ∫𝟎 dx I = 8 log 2
𝟏+𝒙𝟐
Sol. 1 log(1+𝑥) 𝜋
∫0 1+𝑥 2
dx = log 2
8
1 log(1+𝑥)
I= ∫0 1+𝑥 2 dx 1
𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 −1 𝑥
3). Evaluate ∫02 dx
√1−𝑥 2
Put x= tan t dx = sec2t dt
Sol.
X=0 t=0
1
t= 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 dt = √1− dx
𝑛 𝑥2
X =1 t=4
x=0 t=0
𝜋
log(1+𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑡)
I=∫ 4 sec2t dt 1 𝜋
0 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝑡
x= t=4
√2
𝜋
log(1+tan 𝑡)
= ∫04 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 t dt 𝜋
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑡
I =∫04 𝑒 𝑡 t dt
𝜋
I = ∫04 log(1 + tan 𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡 −(1) ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = uv – ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢
F(t) = log (1 + tan t ) 𝜋 𝜋
∫04 𝑡𝑒 𝑡 dt ={ t𝑒 𝑡 - 𝑒 𝑡 }04
𝜋 𝜋
F( 4 − 𝑡) = log (1 + tan( 4 - t)) 𝜋 𝜋
𝜋
= (𝑒 4 4 - 𝑒 4 ) – (0 - 𝑒 0 )
1−tan 𝑡
= log ( 1 + 1+tan 𝑡) 𝜋
𝜋
= 𝑒 4 { 4 -1} + 1
1+tan 𝑡+1−tan 𝑡
= log ( )
1+tan 𝑡
4). Find the area of the region common
𝜋 2
F( 4 - t) = log (1+tan 𝑡) to the circle x2 + y2 = 16 and the parabola
𝑎 𝑎 y2 = 6x
∫0 𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑓 (𝑎 − 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
𝜋
Sol.
2
I = ∫0 log(1+tan 𝑡) dt - (1)
4
Equation of the circle x2 + y2 = 16 --- (1)
(1) + (2) Equation of the parabola y2 = 6x -----(2)

Solve (1) and (2) 𝑥5 8𝑥 4 26𝑥 3 40𝑥 2
= π{ 5 + + + + 25x}10
4 3 2
X2 + 6x – 16 = 0 1 26
= π{ + 2 + + 20 + 25}
5 3
(x+8) (x-2) = 0
838
= π
X = -8 , x =2 15
X = -8 y2 = 6(-8) = - 48 not valid
X=2 y2 = 6(2) = 12
Y = ±2√3
Area boundary by the region = 2 {Area lie

on the first quadrant}
2 1 4
= 2{∫0 √6 𝑥 2 dx + ∫2 √42 − 𝑥 2 dx }
3
𝑥2 2 𝑥 16
= 2 {{√6 3 }0 + {2 √16 − 𝑥 2 + 2
2
𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (4)}42}
4√6 (2√2) 𝜋 𝜋
= + 16 2 - 2√12 - 16(6 )
3
43
= {4π + √3 }
3
5). Find the volume of the solid formed

by revolving the region bounded by the
parabola y = x2 + 4x + 5, x- axis
ordinates x= 0, and x = 1 about the x-
axis.
Sol.
Equation of the parabola
Y = x2 + 4x + 5
The region revolved about x- axis
Limit x =0, x =1 10. ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATION
1
Volume V = π∫0 (𝑋 4 + 4x + 5)2 dx
2 MARK
1
= π ∫0 (𝑥 4 + 16𝑥 2 + 25 + 8𝑥 3 + 40x + 1. Determine the order and degree
2 of the differential equation?
10𝑥 ) dx

𝑑3𝑦 𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 4
( 𝑑𝑥3 )2/3 - 3𝑑𝑥2 + 5𝑑𝑥 + 4 = 0 V=3 𝜋r3, S.A = 4πr2
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣
Sol. α–A, = - KA
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑3𝑦 𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
( 𝑑𝑥3 )2/3 = 3𝑑𝑥2 - 5𝑑𝑥 - 4 4 𝑑𝑟
π(3r2) 𝑑𝑡 = - K 4πr2
3
𝑑3𝑦 2 𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
( 𝑑𝑥3 ) = (3 𝑑𝑥2 − 5 𝑑𝑥 − 4)3 𝑑𝑟
=-K
𝑑𝑡
5. Show that xy, = 2y is the solution
Order = 3
of the differential equation y =
Order = 2 2x2?
Sol.
2. Determine the order and degree Y = 2x2
if exists? Y, = 4x
𝒅𝟐𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝟐𝒚
+ 3(𝒅𝒙)2 = 𝒙𝟐 log (𝒅𝒙𝟐) Multiply by x on both sides
𝒅𝒙𝟐
Sol. Xy’ = 4x2
Order = 2 Xy’ = 2(2x2)
It is not a polynomial equation in Xy’ = 2y (using 1)
its derivatives
Degree is not defined.
3 MARK
3. For the certain substance, the 1. Find the differential

rate of change of vapor pressure equation of the family of
P with respect to temperature T circles passing through the
is proportional to the pressure points (a,0) and (-a,0)
and inversely proportional to the Sol.
square of the temperature From the given information
express this physical statement in the centre is on y axis
the form of differential Centre : (0, b)
equation?  Radius (r) = √𝑎2 + 𝑏2
 Euations of circle
Sol. x2 + (y – b)2 = a2 + b2
𝑑𝑃 𝑃
α 𝑇2 d.w.r. to x
𝑑𝑇
𝑑𝑃 𝐾𝑃 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑇2 2x + 2(y – b) 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑇
𝑥
y–b=- 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
4. Assume that a spherical rain 𝑥
drop evaporates at a rate b= 𝑑𝑦 +y
𝑑𝑥
proportional to its surface area. substituting – (1)
From a differential equation
involving the rate of change of
the radius of the rain drop. 𝑥2 𝑥
x2 ( 𝑑𝑦 ) = a2+[ 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦]2
Sol. ( )2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Radius – r, volume – v, S.A = S
Rate of change of volume α S.A
evaporates

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
x2 (𝑑𝑥 )2 + x2 = a2 (𝑑𝑥 )2 + [𝑥 + Substituting in 𝑑𝑥 = (3x + y + 4)2
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 (𝑑𝑥 )]2 𝑑𝑧
- 3 = z2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
(x2 – y2 – a2 ) 𝑑𝑥 - 2xy = 0 𝑑𝑧
= z2 + 3
𝑑𝑥
1
∫ 𝑍2+√32 dz =∫ 𝑑𝑥
2) Find the differential equations of the
family of all the ellipses having foci on 1 𝑧
tan-1 ( 3) = x+c
√3 √
the y – axis and centre at the origin?
1 3𝑥+𝑦+4
Sol. tan-1 ( ) = x+c
√3 √3
Equation of ellipse 4) Find the differential equation

corresponding to the family of curves
𝑥2 𝑦2
+ 𝑎2 = 1 represented by the equation y = A
𝑏2
𝑒 8𝑥 +B𝑒 −8𝑥 , Where A and B are arbitrary
Arbitrary constants are a,b constants
Differentiating – (1) Sol.
2𝑥 2𝑦𝑦′
+ = 0 - (2) Y = Ae8x+Be-8x
𝑏2 𝑎2
𝑑𝑦
Differentiating – (2) = 8Ae8x- 8Be-8x
𝑑𝑥
1 𝑦𝑦"+𝑦𝑦"
+ = 0 – (3) 𝑑2𝑦
= 64 Ae8x + 64 Be-8x
𝑏2 𝑎2
𝑑𝑥2
From (1), (2), & (3) = 64 (Ae8x + Be-8x)

𝑥2 𝑦2 1 𝑑2𝑦
𝑥 𝑦𝑦′ 0 =0 = 64y
𝑑𝑥2
1 𝑦𝑦" + 𝑦′2 0 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚
4) Solve y2+x2 𝒅𝒙 = xy 𝒅𝒙
Expanding along – (3)
Sol
1[𝑥(𝑦𝑦" + 𝑦′2) − 𝑦𝑦′] = 0
𝑑𝑦 𝑦2
= 𝑥𝑦−𝑥2
Xyy” + x(y’) – yy’ = 0
2 𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒚 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
3) Solve 𝒅𝒙 = (3x +y+4)2 Put y = vx and 𝑑𝑥 = v + x𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 𝑣2𝑥2 𝑣2 𝑥2
Sol. V + x𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥(𝑣𝑥)−𝑥2 = (𝑣−1) 𝑥2
Z= 3x + y + 4 say 𝑑 𝑣2 𝑣2−𝑣2+𝑣
x = -v=
𝑑𝑥 𝑣−1 𝑣−1
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦
= 3 + 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑣−1 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑣
dv = ∫ 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
= 𝑑𝑥 - 3
𝑑𝑥

∫ (1 − 𝑣)dv = ∫
1 𝑑𝑥 x-100 = ce-3t/50 - (1)
𝑥
t = 0, x = 0
V – log |𝑣| = log |𝑥 | + log |𝑐 |
(1)» 0-100 = ce0 » c = - 100
V = log |𝑣𝑥𝑐 |
(1) » x - 100 = - 100 e-3t/50
From y = vx , sub in v = y/x
𝑦
X = 100 – 100 e-3t/50
y/x = log |𝑥 𝑥𝑐|
X = 100 (1-e-3t/50)
cy/x = cy
𝒅𝒚
2). Solve 𝒅𝒙+ 2y cot x = 3x2 cosec2 x
y = ke y/x
𝑑𝑦
= py = Q , where P = 2cot x,
5 MARK 𝑑𝑥
1). A tank initially contains 50l of pure Q = 3x2 cosec2x

water starting at time t=0 a brine IF = espdx = es2cot x dx
containing with 2 grams of dissolved salt
per litre flows into the tank at the rate of = e2log|𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 | = elog |𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥|2 = sin2 x
3l per minute the mixture is kept
Sol.
uniform by strings and the well stirred
mixture simultaneously flows out of the y espdx = ∫ 𝑞𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑑𝑥 dx + c
tank at the same rate. Find the amount
of salt present in the tank at any time y sin2x = ∫ 3𝑥 2 cosec2x sin2 x dx +c
t>0?
y sin2 x = ∫ 3𝑥 2dx + c
Sol.
𝑥3
y sin2x = 3 3 + c
𝑑𝑥
= in flow rate – out flow rate
𝑑𝑡
y sin2 x = x3 + c
= (2*3L) – (3/50x)
𝑑𝑦 𝑥−𝑦+5
3). Solve 𝑑𝑥 = 2(𝑥−𝑦)+7
= 6- 3/50x
𝑑𝑥 −3 6∗50 −3 Let Z = x – y
= 50 (x – ) = 50 (x-100)
𝑑𝑡 3
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
= 1 - 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 = 1 - 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 −3 𝑑𝑥
= dt
𝑥−100 50
𝑑𝑦 𝑥−𝑦+5
= 2(𝑥−𝑦)+7
𝑑𝑥 −3 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑥−100 = 50 ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑧 𝑍+5
−3
1 - 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑍+7
Log (x-100) = 50 + log c
𝑑𝑧 𝑍+5
𝑥−100 −3𝑡
= 1-
𝑑𝑥 2𝑍+7
Log ( )=
𝑐 50
𝑑𝑧 2𝑍+7−𝑍−5 𝑍+2
𝑥−100
= = 2𝑍+7
𝑑𝑥 2𝑍+7
= e-3t/50
𝑐

2𝑍+7
dz = dx -c = 5000 – 100
𝑍+2
2(𝑍+2)+3 -c = 4900
dz = dx
𝑍+2
C = -4900
3
(2 + 𝑍+2)dz = dx
(1) =) x= 5000 – 4900 e-0.01t
Integrating 5) A pot of boiling water at 1000c is
removed from a stove at time t = 0 and
2Z +3log |𝑍 + 2| = x+c
left to cool in the kitchen. After 5
2(x+y) + 3log |𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2| = x+c minutes, the water temperature has
decreased to 800c and another 5 minutes
Example 10.30 later it has dropped to 650c. Determine
4). A tank contains 1000 liters of water the temperature of the kitchen.
in which 100 grams of salt is dissolved. Sol.
Brine (Brine is a high concentration
solution of salt (usually sodium At time ‘t’
chloride)) in water runs in a rate of 10
T – Temperature of water
liters per minute, and each litre contains
5 gramsof dissolved salt, The mixture of S – Room temperature
the tank is kept uniform by strring.
𝑑𝑇
Brine runs out at 10 litres per minute. α T-S
𝑑𝑡
Find the amount of salt at anytime t.
𝑑𝑇
= K (T –S)
Sol. 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑇
Let x(t) denote the amount of salt in the = kdt
𝑇−𝑆
tank at time ‘t’
Log (T-S) = Kt – C
𝑑𝑥
= in flow rate – out flowrate
𝑑𝑡 T – S = eKt + C
𝑑𝑥 10
𝑑𝑡
= 50 - 100x T – S = ce kt - (1)
= 50 – 0.01 x = - 0.01(x-5000) t=0, T=100 (1)= 100-S = Ce0

𝑑𝑥
= - 0.01(x-5000) c = 100 – S
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥
(1)= T – S = (100 – S ) ekt --(2)
= - 0.01 dt
𝑥−5000
t = 5, T = 80
Log |𝑥 − 5000| = - 0.01t+ log c
80 – S = (100 – S)e 5k
x-5000 = ce-0.01t
80−𝑠
e5k = 100−𝑠
-0.01t
x = 5000 + ce --(1)
(100−𝑠)(80−𝑠) (80−𝑠)
t=0, x=100, 100 = 5000+ c 65 – s = * 100−𝑠
(100−𝑠)

(100-s)(65-s) = (80 – s)2
6500 – 165s + s2 = 6400 – 160s + s2
6500 – 6400 = 165 s – 160 s
5s = 100
S = 200c
Room temperature S = 200C

11. PROBABLITY DISTRIBUTIONS 2 3 5
:: X = 1, 2, 3 [ 0 is not possible here]
2 MARK
X = 1 => X (One red ball ) = 3𝑐1 * 2𝑐2
1) Suppose X is the number of tails
occurred when three fair coins are = 3*1 = 3
tossed once simultaneously, find the
X = 2 => X (2 red balls) = 3𝑐2 * 2𝑐1
values of the random variables X and
number of points in the inverse images? = 3*2 = 6
Sol. X = 3 => X ( 3 red balls ) = 3𝑐3 = 1
S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, TTH, Value 1 2 3 Total
THT, HTT, TTT} of
random
:: Be the no of tails variable
No of 3 6 1 10
:: X = 0, 1, 2, 3
points
X-1 ({0}) = { HHH } in
inverse
X-1 ({1}) = { HHT, HTH, THH } images
X-1 ({2}) = { TTH, THT, HTT }

3) Three fair coins are tossed
-1
X ({3}) = { TTT } simultaneously, find the probability
mass function for numbers of heads
Values 0 1 2 3 Total occurred?
of
random Sol.
variable
No of 1 3 3 1 8 S = { HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, TTH,
points THT, HTT, TTT}
inverse
image n(s) = 8
X be the r.v denotes no of heads

2) An jar contains 2 white and 3 red
balls. A sample of 3 balls chosen. If X :: X = 0, 1, 2, 3
denotes the no of red balls ,find the value
f(0) = P (x=0) = 1/8
of random variables X and its no of
inverse images? f(1) = P (x=1) = 3/8
Sol. f(2) =P ( X=2) = 3/8

5∗4∗3
n(s) = 5𝑐3 =1∗2∗3 = 10 f(3) = P (X=3) = 1/8
X be the no of red balls in 3 drawn :: Probability mass function is
W R T

1 3 MARK
f(x) = {83 𝑥=0,3
𝑥=1,2
1) A random variable X has the
8
following probability mass function?
4) The probability density function of X
is given by X 1 2 3 4 5
F(X) 𝒌 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐𝒌 𝟑𝒌 2k 3k
−𝟐𝒙 (i)Find K (ii) P (2≤ X < 5) (iii) P(3<X)
F(x) {𝑲𝒙𝒆 𝒙>0
𝒙≤𝟎
𝟎
Sol.
Find the value of K
(i) F(x) is a pmf
Sol.  𝑓( 𝑓 ) = 1
∑
K2 + 2k2 + 3k2 + 2k +3k = 1
F(x) is a pdf
6k2 + 5K -1 = 0
∞ 6k2+6k-k-1=0
 ∫−∞ 𝑓(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 1
∞ 6k2 (k+1) -1(k+1)=0
 ∫0 𝑘𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥 dx = 1
(6k-1)(k-1) =0
∞ 𝑛!
∫0 𝑥 𝑛 𝑒 −𝑎𝑥 dx = 𝑎𝑛+1 K=1/6 , k= -1(not possible)
∞ K = 1/6
 𝑘 ∫0 𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥 dx = 1
1! (ii) P(2≤ 𝑓 < 5)
𝑘 [21+1] = 1 = P(X=2) + P(X=3)+ P(X=4)
1
𝑘 (4) = 1 => k =4 = 2k2+ 3k2 + 2k
= 5k2 + 2k
5) A fair die is rolled 10 times and X = 5(1/6) + 2(1/6)
denotes the no of times 4 appeared. Find 5+12 17
= =
36 36
the binomial distribution?
(iii) P(3<x) = P(x>3)
Sol. = P (X=4) + P(x=5)
= 2k + 3k = 5k
n= 10 = 5(1/6) = 5/6
X = no of 4’S APPEARING 2) If X is the random variable with
P = Probability of getting 4 in one throw distribution function f(x) given by
𝟎 𝒙<0
= 1/6 𝟏
𝟐
F(x) = {𝟐 (𝒙 + 𝒙) 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 < 1
Q = 1-P = 1- 1/6 = 5/6 𝟏 𝒙≥𝟏
F(X) = n𝑐𝑥 𝑝 𝑥 𝑞 𝑛−𝑥 Then find (i) pdf f(x)
1 5
:: f(x) = 10 𝑐𝑥 (6)𝑥 (6)10−𝑥 (ii) P(0.3 ≤ 𝑿 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟔)
X = 0, 1, 2, ……, 10 Sol.
F(x) = f’ (x)

0 𝑓<0 E(X2) = ∑ 𝑓2 f(x)
1
F(x) = f’ (x) ={2 (2𝑓 + 1) 0 ≤ 𝑓 < 1
= 20/6 = 10/3
0 𝑓>1
 F(x) = Variable(x) = E (x2) – [E (X)]2
1
(2𝑓 + 1) 0≤𝑓<1 = 10/3 – (5/3)2
{2
0 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓ℎ𝑓𝑓𝑓
= 10/3 – 25/9
(ii) P (0.3≤ 𝑓 ≤ 0.6)
30−25
= = 5/9 = 0.56
9
= F (0.6) – F(0.3)
1 1 Variance = 0.56
= 2 [(0.6)2 + 0.6] - 2 [(0.3)2 + 0.3]
4) A lottery with 600 tickets gives one
1 1
= [0.36 + 0.6] - [0.09 + 0.3] prize of Rs.200, four prizes of Rs. 100,
2 2
and six prizes of Rs. 50,, If the ticket
1 1
= 2 [0.96] - 2 [0.39] costs is Rs. 2 find the expected winning
amont of tickets?
= 0.48 – 0.195 = 0.285
Sol.
3) For the random variable X with the
n(s) = 600, X be the amount of winning
probability mass function
𝟒−𝒙 :: X = 200, 100, 50, 0
F(x) = { , x=1, 2, 3
𝟔
Probability mass function is
Find the mean and variance
X 200 100 50 0
Sol. F(X) 1 4 6 589
4−1
600 600 600 600
X= 1 => F(x) = = 3/6 X.F( 200 400 300 0
6
X) 600 600 600
4−2
X = 2 => F(x) = = 2/6
6
900
4−3 :: E(X) =∑ 𝑓 𝑓(𝑓) = 600
X = 3 => F(x) = = 1/6
6
=3/2 = 1.5
x 1 2 3 Total
F(x) 3/6 2/6 1/6 1 Rate of ticket = Rs. 2
x. f(x) 3/6 4/6 3/6 10/6
10 :: Amount of winning = 1.5 – 2
:: E(x) =∑ 𝑓 𝑓(𝑓) = 6
= Rs. -0.50
= 5/3 = 1.667
5) If X~ B (n,p) such that 4P (x=4) =
Mean = 1.667
P(X=2) and n=6 find the distribution
X2 1 4 9 Total mean and SD?
F(X) 3/6 2/6 1/6 1
X2F(X) 3/6 8/6 9/6 20/6 Sol.

n(6) P (X=x) = n𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓−𝑓 (3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6)
4(p(x=4)) = p(x=2) (4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5),

(4,6)
4[6𝑓4 𝑓4 𝑓6−4 ] = 6 𝑓2 𝑓2 𝑓𝑓−𝑓
(5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5),
4 2 2 4
4[6𝑓2 𝑓 𝑓 ] = 6𝑓2 𝑓 𝑓 (5,6)
𝑓4 𝑓4 (6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5),

4𝑓2 = 𝑓2
(6,6)}
2 2 2
4p = q =(1-p)
n(s) = 36
= 1+ p2 -2p
(ii)X denotes the sum of two dice
=>4p2 -1 – p2 + 2p = 0
:: X = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,11, 12
3p2 + 2p -1 = 0
(iii)Inverse image of 10
(3p-1)(p+1) = 0
X-1 ({10}) ={(4,6) (5,5) (6,4)}
1
P=3 , p = -1 ( not possible) (iv)Number of elements in inverse image
of X is
1 1 2
P =3 => q = 1 - 3 = 3
Value of random variable
1 2
P(X =x) = 6𝑓3 (3)𝑓 (3)6−𝑓 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Total
1
No of points in inverse image
Mean = np = 6* = 2
3
1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1 36
D =√𝑓𝑓𝑓 =√6 ∗1/3*2/3
4 2
2) Suppose a discrete random variable X
=√3 = can taken only the values 0,1 and 2. The
√3
pmf is defined by
5 MARK
𝒙𝟐 +𝟏
1) Suppose a pair of unbiased dice is F(x) = { 𝒌 x =0,1,2
rolled once, If X denotes the total score 𝟎 𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒘𝒊𝒔𝒆
of two dice, write down (i) sample space Find the (i) alue of K
(ii) Values taken by the random variable
(iii) inverse image of 10, (iv) the no of (ii) Cumulative distribution function
elements in inverse image of X
(iii)P (X≥ 𝟏)
Sol.
Sol.
(i)S ={ (1,1) (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6)
(i)F(X) is a pmf
(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5),
02 +1 1
(2,6) X =0 = > f(0) = =𝑓
𝑓

12 +1 2 (ii)find the cumulative distribution
X = 1 => F(1) = =𝑓
𝑓 function
22 +1 5
X = 2 => F(2) = 𝑓
=𝑓 (iii)find P (3≤ 𝑿 < 6)
∑ 𝑓 ( 𝑓) = 1 (iv)find P(x≥ 𝟒)
1 2 5 Sol.
 +𝑓+ =1
𝑓 𝑓
8 Numbers on the dice are 1,2,2,3,3,3
 =1
𝑓
 𝑓=8 X denotes the sum on two dice
(ii)F(X) = P(X≤ 𝑓) Sample space
X= 0 => f(0) = P (X≤ 0) l/ll 1 2 2 3 3 3
1 1
1 2 3 3 4 4 4
= P(X=0) = 𝑓 = 8 2 3 4 4 5 5 5
2 3 4 4 5 5 5
X=1 => F(1) = P(X≤ 1) 3 4 5 5 6 6 6
3 4 5 5 6 6 6
= P (X=0) + P (X=1) 3 4 5 5 6 6 6
1 2 3 3
From the table
=𝑓+𝑓=𝑓=8
X = 2,3,4,5,6
X=2 => F(2) = P(X≤ 2)
1
X =2 => f(2) = p(x=2) = 36
= P(X=0) + P(X=1) + P(X=2)
4
1 2 3 5 5 X = 3 => f(3) = p (x=3) = 36
= 𝑓 +𝑓 + 𝑓 = 𝑓 = 8
10
0 𝑓<0 X=4 => f(4) = p(x=4) = 36
1
0≤𝑓<1
8
:: F(X) = 3 12
1≤𝑓<2 X=5 => f(5) =p(x=5) = 36
8
{1 2 ≤ 𝑓 < ∞ 9
X=6 => f(6) = p(x=6) = 36
(iii)P(X≥ 1) = 1 – P(X<1)
(i)Probability mass function
= 1 – (P(X=0))
x 2 3 4 5 6
1 7
=1-8=8 F(x) 1 4 10 12 9
36 36 36 36 36
3) A six sided die is marked ‘1’ and ‘2’ (ii)cumulative distribution function
on two faces and ‘3’ on its remaining
F(2) = P(x≤ 2)
three faces. The die is rolled twice. If X
denotes the total on the two throws. 1
= P(x=2) = 36
(i) Find probability mass function
F(3) = P(x≤ 3)

= P(x=2) + p(x=3) Find the value of C. Also find
1 4 5 (i) P(1.5<x<3.5) (ii) P(x≤ 𝟐)
= 36 + 36 = 36
(iii)P(3<x)
F(4) = P(x≤ 4)
Sol.
= P(x=2) + P(x=3) + P(x=4)
1 4 10 15 F(x) is a pdf
= 36 + 36 + 36 = 36
∞
 ∫−∞ 𝑓(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 1
F(5) = P(x≤ 5) 4
 ∫1 𝑐𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 1
1 4 10 12
= 36 + 36 + 36 + 36
𝑋3
C [ 3 ]4 = 1
27
=
36 43 13
C [3 − ]=1
3
F(6) = P (x≤ 6)
64 1
1 4 10 12 9 C [ 3 − 3] = 1
= 36 + 36 + 36 + 36 + 36
63 1
36 C( ) = 1,C(21) = 1 => C =
= 36 = 1 3 21
0−∞< 𝑥 <2
1
2≤𝑥<3 (i)P(1.5<X<3.5)
36
5
3≤𝑥<4 3.5
F(x) 36 = ∫1.5 𝐹 (𝑋)𝑑𝑥
15
4≤𝑥<5
36 3.5
27 =∫1.5 𝑐𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
5≤𝑥<6
36
{1 6 ≤ 𝑥 < ∞ 𝑋3
= C [ 3 ] 3.5
1.5
(iii)P(3≤ 𝑥 < 6)
1 (3.5)3 (1.5)3
= P(x=3)+ P(x=4) + P(x=5) = 21 [ − ]
3 3
4 10 12 26 1
= 36 + 36 + 36 = 36 = 63 [42.875 − 3.375]
1 395 79
(Iv)P(x≥ 4) = 63 (39.5) = 630 = 126
= P(x=4) + P(x=5) + P(x=5) 2

(ii)P(x≤ 2) = ∫−∞ 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
10 12 9 31
= 36 + 36 + 36 = 36 2 2
= ∫1 𝑓(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = ∫−∞ 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
4) If f(x) is a pdf given by
𝑥3 23 13
= C [ 3 ] 21 = C [3 − ]
𝟐 3
F(x) = {𝒄𝒙 𝟏 < 𝒙 < 4
𝟎 𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒘𝒊𝒔𝒆 1 8 1
= 21 [3 − 3]

1 7 1 6) On the average 20% of the products
= 21 * 3 = 9
manufactured by ABC company are
(iii)P(3<x) = P(x>3) formed to be defective. If we select 6 of
∞
these products at random and X denotes
= ∫3 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 the numbers of defective products, find
the probability that,
4 𝑋3
= ∫3 𝑐𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = C [ 3 ] 43
(i) Two products are defective
3 3
1 4 3
= 21 [ 3 − ] (ii) Atmost one product is defective
3
(iii)Atleast two products are defective
1 37
= 63 [64 − 27] = 63
Sol.
5) Find the mean and variance of a n=6
random variable x, which has pdf
P =Probability of defective item
−𝝀𝒙
F(x) = { 𝝀𝒆 𝒙>0
20 1
𝟎 𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒘𝒊𝒔𝒆 = 20% = 100 = 5
Sol. 1 4
Q = 1-P = 1- 5 = 5
∞
Mean = µ = E (X) = ∫−∞ 𝑥𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
F(X) = n𝑐𝑥 𝑝 𝑥 𝑞 𝑛−𝑥
∞
= ∫0 𝑥(𝜆𝑒 −𝜆𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
1 4
F(x) = 6𝑐𝑥 (5)𝑥 (5)6−𝑥
∞
= λ ∫0 𝑥𝑒 −𝜆𝑥 𝑑𝑥
X = 0,1,2,…6
∞ 𝑛!
= [∫0 𝑥 𝑛 𝑒 −𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎𝑛+1] (i)Exactly two items are defective
1! 1 1 1 4
= λ [𝜆1+1 ] = λ (𝜆2 ) = 𝜆 P(x=2) = 6𝑐2 (5)2 (5)6−2
∞
E(X2) = ∫−∞ 𝑥 2 𝑓(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 6∗5
= 1∗2 * 52 * 54
1 44
∞
= ∫0 (𝜆𝑒 −𝜆𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 44
= 15 (56 )
∞
= λ ∫0 𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝜆𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(ii)Atmost one item is defective
2! 2 2
= λ [𝜆2+1 ] = λ (𝜆3 ) = 𝜆2 P(x=≤ 1) = 𝑃(𝑥 = 0) + 𝑃(𝑥 = 1)
Variance 1 4 1 4
= 6𝑐0 (5)0 (5)6−0 + 6𝑐1 (5)1 (5)6−1
V(X) = E(X2) – [E(X)]2
46 1 45
= (1) (1) 56 + 6 * 5 * 55
2 1
= 𝜆2 – (𝜆)2
46 45
2 1 1
= 56 + 6 (56 )
= 𝜆2 - 𝜆2 = 𝜆2

45
= 55∗5 * 102
4
=2( )5
5
(iii)Atleast 2 items are defective
P(x≥ 2) = 1 − 𝑃 (𝑥 < 2)
= 1 – P (x≤ 1)
4
= 1- (2(5)5 )
45
= 1 – 2 (55 )

= (𝑎1 * a) * 𝑎2
= e * 𝑎2
= 𝑎2
12. DISCRETE MATHEMATICS By ① and ②
i.e, 𝒂𝟏 = 𝒂𝟐 . Hence the proof.
2.MARKS
𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
1. Prove that in an algebraic structure 3. Let A = [ ], B = [ ], be any
𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏
the identity (if exists) must be unique. two Boolean matric of the same type.
Find A˅B and A˄B.
Proof:
Let (s,*) be an algebraic structure. Solution:
Let 𝑒1 and 𝑒2 be any two identity element 0 1 1 1
of S. First treat A˅B =[ ]˅[ ] =
1 1 0 1
𝑒1 as the identity element and 𝑒2 as an 0˅1 1˅1
[ ]
arbitrary element of S. 1˅0 1˅1
By definition,
1 1
𝑒2 *𝑒1 = 𝑒1 *𝑒2 = 𝑒2 ① =[ ]
1 1
Interchanging the role of 𝑒1 and 𝑒2 , we 0 1 1 1
A˄B = [ ]˄[ ] =
get 1 1 0 1
𝑒1 *𝑒2 = 𝑒2 *𝑒1 = 𝑒1 ② 0˄1 1˄1
[ ]
1˄0 1˄1
From 1 and 2,
𝒆𝟏 = 𝒆𝟐 𝟎 𝟏
Hence the proof. =[ ]
𝟎 𝟏
4. Let * be defined on R by a*b =
2. Prove that in an algebraic structure a+b+ab-7. Is * binary on R? If so find 3*
the inverse of an element (if exists) must [−𝟕/𝟏𝟓].
be unique.
Solution:
Proof:
Let a, b ϵ R. Clearly a, b, ab ϵ R.
Let (S,*) be an algebraic structure and a ϵ
s :. a*b = a+b +ab – 7 ϵ R.
Suppose that a has two inverses say 𝑎1 & :. * is binary on R.

𝑎2 . −7 7 −7
3* =3- +3*
15 15 15
Treating 𝑎1 as an inverse of a, we get
45− 7−21−105
=
a * 𝑎1 = 𝑎1 * a = e ① 15
Next treating 𝑎2 as the inverse of a, we 45−133
get =
15
a * 𝑎2 = 𝑎2 * a = e ②
−𝟖𝟖
Now, =
𝟏𝟓
𝑎1 = 𝑎1 * e = 𝑎1 * (a * 𝑎2 )

5 . Fill in the following table so that the Soln :
binary operation * on A = {a,b,c}
(i) a*b = 𝑎𝑏 ∈ N ; ∀ a,b ∈ N
Is communicative.
∴ * is a binary operation on N
* a b c
a b (ii) a *b = 𝑎𝑏
b c b a
b*a = 𝑏𝑎
c a c
put a = 2,b = 3
Soln:
a*b = 23 =8
(i) From the table , b * a = c
b*a = 32 = 9
(ii) From the table , a * b = c
a * b need not be equal to b*a
(iii) c* a = a , => a*c = a
∴ * is not commutative
(iv) b*c = a , => c*b = a
(iii) a * ( b* c ) = a * 𝑏𝑐 = 𝑎𝑏𝑐 → ①
( a* b ) * c = 𝑎𝑏 * c = (𝑎𝑏 )𝑐 = 𝑎𝑏𝑐 →②
* a b c
a b c a a * ( b* c ) ≠ ( a* b ) * c .
b c b a
∴ * is not associate on N
c a a c
2 . Check whether the statement ( p⟷
6 ) Construct the truth table for ( p v q 𝒒) ⋀
) ⋀ (p v ⇁q ) ( p → ⇁ q ) is a tautology or
Soln : contraction or contingency
P q ⇁q pv pv (pvq) Soln:
q ∧(pv⇁q)
p q (p ⇁ (p⟷ ⇁ (p ⟷ 𝒒) ⋀ ⇁
⇁q
⟷ q −𝒒) (p⟷ ( 𝒑 →⇁ 𝒒)
T T F F T F
𝒒) 𝒒
T F T T F F
T T T F F T T
F T F T F F
T F F T T F F
F F T F T F
F T F F T F F
F F T T T F F
3 MARKS QUESTION AND
ANSWERS The last column is a combination of T
1 ) Verify (i) closure (ii) commutative and R
property (iii) Associative property of ∴ It is a contingency.
the following operation on the given set
a*b = 𝒂𝒃 ; ∀ a,b ∈ N

3 . Check whether the statement ( p Soln:
⟶q ) ⋀ ( q ⟶ r ) ⟶ ( p ⟶ r) is a
i) converse :
tautology or a contradiction.
p : x and y are numbers such that x =
Soln:
y
p q r p q p (p (p
⟶q ⟶
r
⟶r ⟶q)
⋀(q
⟶q)
⋀(q
q : 𝑥 2 =𝑦 2
⟶ ⟶
r) r) given statement : p → q
⟶
(p
⟶ converse :
r)
T T T T T T T T q→p
T T F T F F F T
T F T F T T F T ii) Inverse : ⇁ p → ⇁ q
T F F F T F F T
F T T T T T T T If x and y are numbers such that
F T F T F T F T
F F T T T T T T x ≠y then 𝑥 2 ≠ 𝑦 2 .
F F F T T T T T
iii) contrapositive : ⇁ q → ⇁ p.
Last column contains only T.
If x and y are numbers such that 𝑥 2 ≠
∴ This is a tautology .
𝑦 2 ,then x ≠y
4 .Prove p → (q → r) ≡ ( p ⋀ q ) →r
6 . prove the de morgan’s law using
without using truth table.
truth table ⇁( p ⋀ q ) ≡ ⇁ p v ⇁ q .
Soln :
p q ⇁ ⇁ p ⋀ ⇁( ⇁
p → (q → r) ≡ p → (⇁q v r ) p q q p⋀ pv
q) ⇁
≡ ⇁ p v (⇁ q v r ) q
≡ (⇁ p v ⇁ q ) v r T T F F T F F
T F F T F T T
[ ∴ Associative law ] F T T F F T T
F F T T F T T
≡⇁(p⋀q)vr
[ De – Morgan’s Law]
From ① and ② , ⇁( p ⋀ q ) ≡ ⇁ p v
≡(p ⋀q)→r. ⇁q
Hence proved. 5 MARK
5 . Write the converse , inverse and 1 ) Verify (i) closure property ( ii )

contrapositive of the following Commutative property ( iii ) Associate
implication of the x and y are numbers property ( iv ) existence of identity (v )
such that x = y ,then 𝒙𝟐 =𝒚𝟐 existence of inverse for the operation x11

on a subset A = { 1,3,4,5,9 } of the set of 2) Using the equivalence property
remaining { 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 } ,show that p ⟷q ≡ ( p ∧ q ) v ( ⇁ p ∧
⇁q).
Soln:
Soln:
A = { 1,3,4,5,9 }
p ⟷q ≡ ( p ⟶ q ) ⋀ ( q ⟶ p )
≡ (⇁ p v q ) ⋀ (⇁ q v p )
x11 1 3 4 5 9
1 1 3 4 5 9 [∴p⟶q ≡⇁pv q]
3 3 9 1 4 5
4 4 1 5 9 3 ≡ (⇁ p v q ) ⋀ (⇁ p v q)
5 5 4 9 3 1
9 9 5 3 1 4 [ by com.law]
≡ (⇁ p ⋀( p v ⇁q ) ) v (q ⋀ (p v ⇁q
i)Since each box has an unique element of )
x11 is a binary operation on A.
[ by distributing law ]
∴ Closure property is true
≡ (⇁ p ⋀ p) v (⇁p ⋀ ⇁q ) ) v (q ⋀
ii)From the table it is clear that x11 is p) v (q ⋀ ⇁q ))
commutative.
[ by distributing law ]
∴ Commutative property is true.
≡ 𝔽 v (⇁p ⋀ ⇁q ) v (q ⋀ p) v 𝔽
iii) x11 is always associative .
[ by complement law ]
∴Associative property is true.
≡(⇁p ⋀ ⇁q ) v (q ⋀ p)
iv)1 is the identity element .
[ by identity law ]
∴Identity property is true.
≡(q ⋀ p) v(⇁p ⋀ ⇁q )
v) From ther table ,
[ by com.law ]
inverse of 1 is 1 ,
≡(p ⋀ q) v(⇁p ⋀ ⇁q )
inverse of 3 is 4,
[ by com.law ]
inverse of 4 is 3,
p ⟷q ≡ ( p ∧ q ) v ( ⇁ p ∧⇁q).
inverse of 5 is 9,
and inverse of 9 is 5.
𝒙 𝒙
∴Inverse property is true. 3 . Let M = ( {
𝒙 𝒙
}
) : x ∈ R – {0} and
let * be the matrix multiplication .
Determine whether M is closed under *
.If so ,examine i) commutative proper

ty ii) associative property iii) existence 𝑒 𝑒
Let A ∈ M. , E = ( ) be the
of identity v) existence of inverse 𝑒 𝑒
identity element .
properties for the operation * on M.
∴AE = A
Soln:
𝑥 𝑥 𝑒 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥
=> ( )( )=( )
𝑥 𝑥 𝑒 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥
M= {(𝒙𝒙 𝒙
𝒙
) : x ∈ R – {0} }
i)Closure property :
2𝑥𝑒 2𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑥
=>( ) =( )
𝑥 𝑥 𝑦 𝑦 2𝑥𝑒 2𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑥
Let A = ( ), B = (𝑦 𝑦) ∈ M.
𝑥 𝑥
2𝑥𝑒 = x
Where x,y ∈ R .
𝑥 𝑥 𝑦 𝑦 2e = 1
A*B = ( )( 𝑦)
𝑥 𝑥 𝑦 1
e = 2 ∈ R – {0}.
2𝑥𝑦 2𝑥𝑦
=( )∈M.
2𝑥𝑦 2𝑥𝑦 𝟏 1
∴ (1𝟐 2
1
) ∈ M
[ ∴ 2 xy ∈ R-{0}]
2 2
∴ * is closed on M.
llly EA = A ∀ A ∈ M
ii)Commutative property :
∴ * has identity element on M .
Let A , B ∈ M
v) Existence of inverse:
𝑥 𝑥 𝑦 𝑦
A*B=( )( 𝑦) −𝟏
𝒙−𝟏 ) be
𝑥 𝑥 𝑦 Let A ∈ M , A-1 = (𝒙−𝟏
𝒙 𝒙−𝟏
2𝑥𝑦2𝑥𝑦 the inverse of A .
=( )
2𝑥𝑦2𝑥𝑦
2𝑦𝑥2𝑦𝑥 A A-1 = E
=( )
2𝑦𝑥2𝑦𝑥
𝟏 1
𝑦 𝑦 𝑥 𝑥
= (𝑦 𝑦 ) ( ) 𝑥 𝑥 𝒙−𝟏 𝒙−𝟏 ) =( 𝟐 2
𝑥 𝑥 ( )( )
𝑥 𝑥 𝒙−𝟏 𝒙−𝟏 1 1
=B*A 2 2
A*B= B*A
∴ * is a commutative on M .
𝟏 1
−𝟏
iii)Associative property : (𝟐𝒙𝒙−𝟏 𝟐𝒙𝒙−𝟏 )=( 𝟐 2
)
1 1
𝟐𝒙𝒙 𝟐𝒙𝒙−𝟏
2 2
Matrix multiplication is always
associative is A * ( B * C ) = ( A * B ) * 𝟏
𝟐𝒙𝒙−𝟏 = 𝟐
C ∀ A , B ,C ∈ M.
𝟏 𝟏
iv) Existence of identity : x-1 = 𝟐∗𝟐𝒙 = ∈ R – {0}.
𝟒𝒙

𝟏 1 = x+y+z – xy –xz-yz +xyz→
-1
∴A = ( 𝟒𝒙
1
4𝑥
1
) ∈ M. ①
4𝑥 4𝑥
x*(y*z) = x* ( y+z –yz)
-1
llly A A = E ∀ A ∈ M
= x+(y+z-yz) – x(y+z-yz)
∴Inverse property is true.
= x+y+z –xy –xz –yz +xyz →②
4 ) Let A be a – {1} .Define * on A by x *
y = x+ y –xy . Is * binary on A ?. If so From ①&②
examine the commutative ,associative, (x*y) * z = x*( y*z)
identity and inverse properties
satisfied by * on A. 4) Identity Property:
Soln: Let x ∈ A , e be the identity element
i)Closure property : x*e = x
Let x,y ∈ A , x ≠ 1 , y ≠ 1 =>x+e –xe = x
x- 1 ≠ 0 , y -1 ≠ 0 =>e – xe = 0
(x – 1)( y – 1 ) ≠ 0 =>e(1-x) = 0
0
xy – x – y + 1 ≠ 0 => e = 1−𝑥 = 0 ∈ A
1 ≠ x+y –xy :. Identity element e = 0 ∈ A

=>x*y ≠ 1 :. * has identity element on A.
∴ x*y ∈ A 5 ) Inverse property:
∴ * is closed on A. Let x ∈ A , x-1 be the inverse of x .
ii) commutative property : By definition:
Let x,y ∈ A x*x-1 = e
x*y = x+y-xy is x+ x-1 –xx-1 = 0 [∴ e = 0]
= y+x-yx =>x-1 (1-x) = -x
= y*x −𝑥
=>x-1 = 1−𝑥 ∈ A
∴ * is Commutative on A.
* has inverse element
iii) Associative property :
∀ x ∈ A.
(x*y)*z = (x+y-xy)*z
= ( x+y-xy) + z – (x+y-xy)z


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MATHS QUESTION & ANSWER BOOKLET

12th Std (E/M)

MATHS/12TH /CEO TIRUVALLUR/EM

pg. 1 MATHS/12TH /CEO TIRUVALLUR/EM

= 7 (42) -7 (-84) -7(-126)

pg. 2 MATHS/12TH /CEO TIRUVALLUR/EM

= 3[-8+5] +4[-4-2] -2[-5-4]

𝑅1 −> −𝑅1 ~ [1 −6 0 0 − 1] = 1[-8+5] +[-8+1] -2[-10+2]

= 3[-2+10] +4[-1-4] +1[-5-4]

pg. 3 MATHS/12TH /CEO TIRUVALLUR/EM

pg. 4 MATHS/12TH /CEO TIRUVALLUR/EM

Case iii) If 𝜆 = 7 , 𝜇 ≠ 9 P(A) =2 P(A/B) -(k2+k-2)

Soln: Case (ii)

No of unknown = 3 If 𝐾 = 1, 𝐾 ≠ -2, p(A) = 2, p(A/B) =3

𝑘 −2 1 𝑥 1 The given system is inconsistent and has

pg. 5 MATHS/12TH /CEO TIRUVALLUR/EM

The given system is inconsistent and has 5 0 −1 0 0

The given system is consistent and has 4 0 0 −1 0

pg. 6 MATHS/12TH /CEO TIRUVALLUR/EM

The required chemical reaction is

pg. 7 MATHS/12TH /CEO TIRUVALLUR/EM

I. 2 MARK z+iz = -1+5i

1) simplify the following

i1948-i1869 3)if z1 = 1 - 3i , z2 = - 4i , z3 = 5 S.T

soln: I)( z1+ z2) + z3 = z1 + (z2 + z3)

1948÷4 =487 1869÷4 = 467 x 4 +1 ii) ( z1z2) z3 = z1 (z2 z3)

= (i)4x487-(i)- (4x467 +1) soln:

= (i4)487-(i)- 4x467 -1 L.H.S

= 1487 –i- 4x467. (i)-1 ( z1+ z2) = 1- 3i - 4i

2) Given the complex no Z = 2+3i represent z2 + z3= - 4i +5

=2 i-3 ii) ( z1z2) z3 = z1 (z2 z3)

z1z2 =(1-3i)(- 4i)

pg. 8 MATHS/12TH /CEO TIRUVALLUR/EM

= -20 ( 3 + i ) │ z1 + z2 │ = √(8)2 + (-8)2

L.H.S = R.H.S = √64 + 64

Hence verified =√128

4) If z1 = 3+4i , z2 = 5-12i ,z3 = 6+8i find │ z1 + z2 │= 8 √2

pg. 9 MATHS/12TH /CEO TIRUVALLUR/EM

modulus : │z│= 4 3x-2x -2y +y +5 -3 = 0 -x +y+2 = 2y +2

pg. 10 MATHS/12TH /CEO TIRUVALLUR/EM

x = -1 [ (√3 + 𝑖)3 ]2= [8i] 2

Soln: ii) n= 3 for purely imaginary

(√3 + 𝑖)n 3) If│z1│= 3 state that 7≤│z + 6 -8i│≤13

{Subt ; (√3 + 𝑖)2 = 2[ 1 + i√3 ] put : z = x+ iy

= 2 [√3 + 𝑖 + i3 + ((√3 )2 i) │z -4│ = 16

pg. 11 MATHS/12TH /CEO TIRUVALLUR/EM

x2+y2-8x -240 = 0 10 𝟏+𝒛 10

│ x + iy - 4│2- │ x + iy -1│2 = 16 = z10 = [ sin 𝜋

[:. (cos𝜃+isin𝜃) n = cosn 𝜃+isin 𝜃

pg. 12 MATHS/12TH /CEO TIRUVALLUR/EM

│ z1│2 = 1, │ z2│2=4, │ z3│2= 9 Im [−x(2x+1)+(2y)(1−y)

[By polar form]

│ 𝐳𝟏𝐳𝟑 + 𝟒𝐳𝟏𝐳𝟑 + 𝟗𝐳𝟏𝐳𝟐│=│ 𝒛𝟏││ 𝒛𝟐││ 𝒛𝟑│ 1

2(𝑥+𝑖𝑦)+1 z = 21/3 [ cos π/6 + isin π/6] 1/3

pg. 13 MATHS/12TH /CEO TIRUVALLUR/EM

Apply Demovire’s theorem [ :. ax2+bx+c = 0]

z = 21/3 [ cos 13π/18 + isin 13π/18]

z = 21/3 [ cos 25π/18 + isin 25π/18] 2 cosα ±2√1(1−cos2α)

𝑥 2+1  x = cosα + isinα

pg. 14 MATHS/12TH /CEO TIRUVALLUR/EM

ii) xy = (cosα + i𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛂 )(cosβ + i𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛃 ) 5) If ωǂ 1 is a cube root of unity state

= (-2)6 ω6 + (-2)6 (ω2)6